01、2000-2009阅读真题手译本带目录_考研英语真题（英一＋英二）_考研英语真题_考研英语一历年真题_❤️7.英语一逐词翻译（2005-2025）_4英语一自译本+答案

目录 2000.....................................................................................................................................................1 Text1..........................................................................................................................................1 Text2..........................................................................................................................................7 Text3........................................................................................................................................13 Text4........................................................................................................................................17 2001...................................................................................................................................................27 Text1........................................................................................................................................27 Text2........................................................................................................................................32 Text3........................................................................................................................................38 Text4........................................................................................................................................43 2002...................................................................................................................................................54 Text1........................................................................................................................................54 Text2........................................................................................................................................60 Text3........................................................................................................................................65 Text4........................................................................................................................................71 2003...................................................................................................................................................76 Text1........................................................................................................................................76 Text2........................................................................................................................................82 Text3........................................................................................................................................88 Text4........................................................................................................................................94 2004.................................................................................................................................................101 Text1......................................................................................................................................101 Text2......................................................................................................................................108 Text3......................................................................................................................................114 Text4......................................................................................................................................121 2005.................................................................................................................................................128 Text1......................................................................................................................................128 Text2......................................................................................................................................134 Text3......................................................................................................................................140 Text4......................................................................................................................................146 2006.................................................................................................................................................152 Text1......................................................................................................................................152 Text2......................................................................................................................................158 Text3......................................................................................................................................164 Text4......................................................................................................................................170 2007.................................................................................................................................................176 Text1......................................................................................................................................176 Text2......................................................................................................................................182 Text3......................................................................................................................................188 Text4......................................................................................................................................193 2008.................................................................................................................................................198 Text1......................................................................................................................................198 Text2......................................................................................................................................204Text3......................................................................................................................................210 Text4......................................................................................................................................216 2009.................................................................................................................................................222 Text1......................................................................................................................................222 Text2......................................................................................................................................228 Text3......................................................................................................................................233 Text4......................................................................................................................................2392000 Text1 第一段：①Ahistory of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce. ②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economiesofscale. ③Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest;itsworkersthemostskilled. ④America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed. 第二段：①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher. ②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful. —1—③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the faceofforeigncompetition. ⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevision makerleft, Zenith.(Nowthereis none:Zenith wasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.) ⑥Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket. ⑦America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes. ⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedand whichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty. —2—第三段：①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence. ②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes wouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell. ④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition fromoverseas. 第四段：①Howthingshavechanged! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningof thebusinesscycle. —3—④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our business are improving their productivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on thisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.” 11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause_____. [A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal [B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore [C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors [D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy —4—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact thattheAmerican_____. [A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket [B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises [C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions [D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? [A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride. [B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress. [C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation. [D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment. 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —5—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 14.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the_____. [A]turningofthebusinesscycle [B]restructuringofindustry [C]improvedbusinessmanagement [D]successineducation 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —6—Text2 第一段：①Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous. ②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceatthe ageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen. ③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged. ④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when theyaresearchingforamate. ⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved. ⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight. —7—⑧Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath. ⑨Todayitmakesalmostnodifference. ⑩Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone. 第二段：①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast. ③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children. ④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage. —8—⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring. ⑥Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageof ithavediminished. ⑦Indiashowswhatishappening. ⑧The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑨The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring —means thatnaturalselection has lost 80% ofits power in upper-middle-class India compared to thetribes. 第三段：①Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived. ②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange. —9—③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature. ④But in the past 100,000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but ourbodieshavenot. ⑤Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus. ⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasa savagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.” ⑦Nodoubtwestillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness. ⑧But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look justlikeus. —10—15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph? [A]Alackofmates [B]Afiercecompetition [C]Adefectivegene [D]Alowersurvivalrate 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate? [A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople. [B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor. [C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes. [D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause_____. [A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance —11—[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining [C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution [D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage? [A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution [B]WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution [C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature [D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —12—Text3 第一段：①Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itis advisabletofindoutwhat its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal. ②Withregardto Futuristpoetry,however,thecaseis ratherdifficult, forwhatever Futuristpoetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classedasliterature. 第二段：①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeen conditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed. ②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange. ③Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression. ④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress. —13—⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives,orfiniteverbs. ⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizes oftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill. 第三段：①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofthebattlesareconfused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight betweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallinto theriver—and thentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff! Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.” 第四段：①This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classedasLiterature. ②Allthe same,nothinkingmancanrefuseto accepttheir firstproposition:thatagreatchange in ouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression. —14—③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged? 19.Thispassageismainly______. [A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart [B]areviewofFuturistpoetry [C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement [D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto_____. [A]determineitspurposes [B]ignoreitsflaws [C]followthenewfashions [D]accepttheprinciples 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —15—C D 21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust_____. [A]increasetheproductionofliterature [B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress [C]developnewmodesofexpression [D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis_____. [A]basedonreasonableprinciples [B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople [C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature [D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —16—Text4 第一段：①Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and socialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope. ②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalworkmoralvalues. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwhere theyshouldgonext. 第二段：①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schoolsandjobs. ②In a recentsurvey, it was found that only 24.5 percentof Japanese students were fully satisfied withschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their —17—counterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed. 第三段：①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression. ②“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity —are completely ignored,”saysToshiki Kaifu, chairman of theruling Liberal Democratic Party’s educationcommittee. ③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.” ④Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moraleducation. ⑥Lastyear Mitsuo Setoyama, who was theneducationminister,raisedeyebrows when heargued —18—that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.” 第四段：①ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educatorYokoMuro, “it’s never a questionof whetheryou enjoyyour job and yourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.” ③Witheconomic growthhascome centralization;fully 76percentofJapan’s 119millioncitizens liveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavor ofisolated, two-generationhouseholds. ④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter. —19—23.IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapanwas_____. [A]underaimlessdevelopment [B]apositiveexample [C]arivaltotheWest [D]onthedecline 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? [A]Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited. [B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs. [C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics. [D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —20—25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor? [A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder. [B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity. [C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity. [D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat_____. [A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife. [B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S. [C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore [D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —21—Text5 第一段：①If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf. ②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbe highlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem. ③Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasan ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own thenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents. ⑤There is a heavy noteof hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem. 第二段：①Certainly, people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. —22—②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago. ③What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as oncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar. ④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radicalbooks who takes his meals in three-star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschool. ⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeed atallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.” 第三段：①Theattacks onambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefenders arenowfewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive. —23—②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in themindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground,ormadesly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and inthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife. 27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif_____. [A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices [B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower [C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial [D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ —24—A B 选项分析 C D 28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis_____. [A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords [B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout [C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal [D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause_____. [A]theythinkofitasimmoral [B]theirpursuitarenotfameorwealth [C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits [D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —25—C D 30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained _____. [A]secretlyandvigorously [B]openlyandenthusiastically [C]easilyandmomentarily [D]verballyandspiritually 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —26—2001 Text1 第一段：①Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulation ofscientificknowledge. ②By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the informationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch. ③But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the processofcommunication. ④Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity. 第二段：①Noclear-cutdistinction canbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateurs inscience: exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule. ②Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not —27—fullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues. ③The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience. ④The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematicalorlaboratorytraining, andcanbeillustratedinterms ofthedevelopmentofgeology intheUnitedKingdom. 第三段：①AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfreveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of whatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper. ②Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in theirownright;but,inthetwentieth century,localstudieshaveincreasingly become acceptableto professionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture. ③Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway. —28—④The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury. ⑤As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership. ⑥A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationallywithin oneor two specificsocieties, whereasthe amateurs have tendedeither to remain inlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway. 第四段：①Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunder wayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntil thetwentiethcentury. ②Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodfor thischangeinthestructureofscience. —29—21.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas _____. [A]sociologyandchemistry [B]physicsandpsychology [C]sociologyandpsychology [D]physicsandchemistry 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____. [A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation [B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience [C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity [D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate_____. —30—[A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation [B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy [C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications [D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 24.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis_____. [A]thedevelopmentincommunication [B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation [C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge [D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —31—Text2 第一段：①A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the divisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor. ②Andthatdividedoesexisttoday. ③MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago. ④What wasless visible then,however,were the new,positive forces thatworkagainst the digital divide. ⑤Therearereasonstobeoptimistic. 第二段：①Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow. ②As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare. —32—③More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. ④Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether. ⑤Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead. ⑥And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad. 第三段：①Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty. ②AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave. ③Butithasenormouspotential. —33—第四段：①Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheir outdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment. ②Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudy thehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates. ③WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso. ④And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment. ⑤TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony. ⑥Theyfinancedthem. ⑦ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem. —34—⑧Guesswhoownsthemnow? ⑨TheAmericans. ⑩IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter. 1○1The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which todayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe. 1○2That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. 1○3But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet. 25.Digitaldivideissomething_____. [A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet [B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor [C]theworldmustguardagainst —35—[D]consideredpositivetoday 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 26.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit_____. [A]offerseconomicpotentials [B]canbringforeignfunds [C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty [D]connectspeopleallovertheworld 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_____. [A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas [B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol [C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure [D]acceptingforeigninvestment 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —36—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon_____. [A]howwell-developeditiselectronically [B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants [C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern [D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —37—Text3 第一段：①WhydoessomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers? ②TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion. ③Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject. 第二段：Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrors andspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhat intheworldthosereadersreallywant. 第三段：①Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper. ②Most journalistslearn toseethe worldthrough asetofstandardtemplates (patterns)into which theyplugeachday’sevents. ③In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a —38—backboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews. 第四段：①There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders. ②In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country,plusonelargemetropolitanarea. ③Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions. 第五段：Replies show thatcompared with otherAmericans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to gotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity. 第六段：①Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite. ②The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills —39—butinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders. 第七段：①Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone. ②Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. ③Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers. ④But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyersarecomplainingabout. ⑤If it did,itwould openup its diversity program, nowfocusednarrowly onraceandgender,and lookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass. 29.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? —40—[A]Needsofthereadersallovertheworld [B]Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers [C]Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry [D]Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe_____. [A]quitetrustworthy [B]somewhatcontradictory [C]veryilluminating [D]rathersuperficial 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 31.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir_____. [A]workingattitude [B]conventionallifestyle [C]worldoutlook [D]educationalbackground —41—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits_____. [A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem [B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters [C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting [D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —42—Text4 第一段：①The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. ②The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries withunsurpassedmight. ③Many in these countries are looking atthis process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?” 第二段：①There’snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful. ②Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982. ③Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly. ④Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopen —43—upandwelcomeforeigninvestment. ⑤InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%to almost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms. ⑥This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of nationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy. 第三段：①I believe that the most importantforces behind the massive M&Awave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meetingcustomers’demands. ②Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,tocustomers. ③Asproductivitygrows,theworld’swealthincreases. 第四段：①Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty. —44—②Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was brokenup. ③The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress. ④Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast. ⑤In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan— butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt. 第五段：①Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched. ②Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry. —45—③Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks thatarebeingcreated? ④Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict aboutinfringementstofaircompetition? ⑤And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase? 33.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday? [A]Totakeinmoreforeignfunds [B]Toinvestmoreabroad [C]Tocombineandbecomebigger [D]Totradewithmorecountries 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis_____. —46—[A]thegreatercustomerdemands [B]asurplussupplyforthemarket [C]agrowingproductivity [D]theincreaseoftheworld’swealth 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat_____. [A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers [B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts [C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous [D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 36.Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe_____. [A]optimistic [B]objective [C]pessimistic [D]biased —47—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —48—Text5 第一段：①WhenIdecidedto quitmy fulltime employmentitnever occurredtome thatImight becomeapartofanewinternationaltrend. ②A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaimingthat“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”. 第二段：①Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhatthe Americansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality. ②I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman whoishappytosettleforabitofeverything. 第三段：①Ihave discovered, as perhaps Kelseywill after her much-publicized resignationfrom theeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financialsuccessandsocialstatus. —49—②Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”. 第四段：①InAmerica, the moveawayfrom jugglingto a simpler,less materialisticlifestyle is a well-establishedtrend. ②Downshifting—also known inAmerica as “voluntary simplicity”—has, ironically, even bred a newareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism. ③Thereareanumberofbestsellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out. 第五段：WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives. —50—第六段：For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations. 37.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1? [A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend. [B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob. [C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffulltimeemployment. [D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting_____. [A]enableshertorealizeherdream [B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife [C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus —51—[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 39.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby_____. [A]non-materialisticlifestyle [B]abitofeverything [C]extremestress [D]anti-consumerism 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof_____. [A]thequickpaceofmodernlife [B]man’sadventurousspirit [C]man’ssearchformythicalexperience [D]theeconomicsituation 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —52—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —53—2002 Text1 第一段：①If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identifysharedexperiencesandproblems. ②Your humor mustbe relevantto the audienceandshould helpto show them thatyou areoneof themorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview. ③Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent. ④If you are talking to a group of mangers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganizedbosses. 第二段：①Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswell becausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors. ②AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter. —54—③Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon. ④Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his foodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself. ⑤“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter. ⑥“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.” 第三段：①Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknow the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. ②With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider makingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman. —55—③You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. 第四段：①If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. ②Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedand unforcedmanner. ③Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthata raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. 第五段：①Lookforthehumor. ②Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected. ③Atwist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. —56—④Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements. ⑤Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject withhumor. 21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould_____. [A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience [B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople [C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople [D]showsympathyforyourlisteners 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare_____. [A]impolitetonewarrivals [B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole [C]entitledtosomeprivileges [D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ —57—A B 选项分析 C D 23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices_____. [A]havebenefitsmanypeople [B]arethefocusofpublicattention [C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor [D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered_____. [A]inwell-wordedlanguage [B]asawkwardlyaspossible [C]inexaggeratedstatements [D]ascasuallyaspossible 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B C —58—D 25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe_____. [A]UseHumorEffectively [B]VariousKindsofHumor [C]AddHumortoSpeech [D]DifferentHumorStrategies 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —59—Text2 第一段：①Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to copewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty. ②Thatcompulsion has resultedin robotics—the scienceofconferringvarioushuman capabilities onmachines. ③Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebegunto comeclose. 第二段：①As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor. ②Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms. ③Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for thetransaction. —60—④Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers. ⑤And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone. 第三段：①Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals thatposearealchallenge. ②“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofa roboticsprogramatNASA, “wecan’tyetgive arobotenough ‘common sense’toreliablyinteract withadynamicworld.” 第四段：①Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults. ②Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010, researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies. —61—第五段：①Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyone hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—andhuman perception farmore complicated —thanpreviouslyimagined. ②They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment. ③But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest roadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd. ④The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit. 26.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin_____. [A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction [B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry [C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork [D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —62—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans_____. [A]programs [B]experts [C]devices [D]creatures 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan_____. [A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery [B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally [C]havealittlecommonsense [D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —63—C D 29.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso_____. [A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves [B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention [C]improvefactoryenvironments [D]cultivatehumancreativity 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare_____. [A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure [B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately [C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation [D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —64—Text3 第一段：①Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn? ②Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember. ③This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled,and1979-1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled. ④Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline. ⑤Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime? 第二段：①TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports. ②Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm. —65—第三段：①Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelesssevere thaninthe1970s. ②In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol thanitdidinthe1970s. ③InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthe priceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast. 第四段：①Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitiveto swingsintheoilprice. ②Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption. ③Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction. —66—④For eachdollar ofGDP(in constantprices) rich economies nowuse nearly50%lessoilthanin 1973. ⑤The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly0.25%~0.5%ofGDP. ⑥Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980. ⑦On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted— havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed. 第五段：①Onemore reasonnotto losesleepoverthe risein oilpricesis that,unlike therises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and globalexcessdemand. ②Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline. —67—③TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago. ④In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%. 31.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis_____. [A]globalinflation [B]reductioninsupply [C]fastgrowthineconomy [D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif_____. [A]priceofcruderises [B]commoditypricesrise [C]consumptionrises [D]oiltaxesrise 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —68—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.TheestimatesinEconomicoutlookshowthatinrichcountries_____. [A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive [B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices [C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed [D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_____. [A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow [B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks [C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices [D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —69—C D 35.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems_____. [A]optimistic [B]sensitive [C]gloomy [D]scared 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —70—Text4 第一段：TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplications forhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering. 第二段：Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effectsupported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect. 第三段：Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphineto control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. 第四段：Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”. 第五段：①GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat, aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothing illegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath. —71—②“It’slikesurgery,”hesays. ③“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath. ④If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.” 第六段：Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicide debatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolonged thephysicalagonyofdying. 第七段：①Justthree weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National AcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareat theEndofLife. ②It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblems ofend-of-lifecare. —72—第八段：The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife. 第九段：①Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiativestranslateintobettercare. ②“Large numbers ofphysicians seem unconcernedwith thepaintheir patients areneedlessly and predictablysuffering”,totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”. ③He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively onesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.” 36.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat_____. [A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain [B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives [C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide [D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —73—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext? [A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death [B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery [C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed [D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis_____. [A]prolongedmedicalprocedures [B]inadequatetreatmentofpain [C]systematicdrugabuse [D]insufficienthospitalcare 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —74—C D 39.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive”(line4,Paragraph7)? [A]Bold [B]Harmful [C]Careless [D]Desperate 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey_____. [A]managetheirpatientsincompetently [B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded [C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients [D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —75—2003 Text1 第一段：①WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet. ②TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlater laidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation. ③Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage— spyingasa“profession.” ④These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell. 第二段：①The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. ②Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades. —76—③In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clickspying. ④Thespooks callit“open-sourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows, itisbecomingincreasingly influential. ⑤In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi. ⑥The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld. 第三段：①Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas. ②Straitford makesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(covering nationsfromChile toRussia) tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational. —77—③Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitford.com. 第四段：①Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream. ②Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predictingacrisisinUkraine. ③“As soon as thatreportruns,we’ll suddenly get 500new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor. ④“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.” ⑤Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good informationfrombad. ⑥That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep. —78—第五段：①Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin. ②Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds. ③Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess. ④Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong. ⑤Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice. 21.TheemergenceoftheNethas_____. [A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan [B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices [C]restoredmanycommonpastimes [D]revivedspyingasaprofession 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —79—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto_____. [A]introducethetopicofonlinespying [B]showhowhefoughtfortheU.S. [C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar [D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_____. [A]causingthebiggesttrouble [B]exertingthegreatesteffort [C]achievingthegreatestsuccess [D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ 选项分析 A —80—B C D 24.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that_____. [A]Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue [B]Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation [C]Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability [D]Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Straitfordismostproudofits_____. [A]officialstatus [B]nonconformistimage [C]efficientstaff [D]militarybackground 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —81—Text2 第一段：①To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.” ②One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch. ③Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusing thepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare. ④Leadersoftheanimal rightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublic funding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch. ⑤Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone woulddeliberatelyharmananimal. 第二段：①Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreet fair was distributing a brochure thatencouraged readers notto use anything that comes from or is —82—testedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines. ②Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. ③Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.” ④Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find somewayofusingcomputers.” ⑤Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand. 第三段：①Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology. ②We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots. —83—③Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswell asnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst. 第四段：①Muchcanbedone ②Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch. ③They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth. ④Research institutions couldbe openedto tours, to show thatlaboratoryanimals receive humane care. ⑤Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical —84—treatment. ⑥Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguish thepreciousembersofmedicalprogress. 26.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto_____. [A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions [B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights [C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch [D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis_____. [A]cruelbutnatural [B]inhumanandunacceptable [C]inevitablebutvicious [D]pointlessandwasteful —85—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s_____. [A]discontentwithanimalresearch [B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience [C]indifferencetoepidemics [D]anxietyaboutanimalrights 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_____. [A]communicatemorewiththepublic [B]employhi-techmeansinresearch [C]feelnoshamefortheircause [D]strivetodevelopnewcures —86—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis_____. [A]awell-knownhumanist [B]amedicalpractitioner [C]anenthusiastinanimalrights [D]asupporterofanimalresearch 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —87—Text3 第一段：①In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly. ②As recentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-miles movedbyrails. ③Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers. 第二段：①Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantial costreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice. ②Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks. ③But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. —88—第三段：①Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedby onlyonerailcompany. ②Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when anotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness. ③Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases. 第四段：①Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthe longrunitreduceseveryone’scost. ②If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline. —89—③It’s atheorytowhich many economists subscribe,butin practiceitoftenleaves railroadsin the positionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail. ④“Dowereally wantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesin themarketplace?” asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers. 第五段：①Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. ②The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to coverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic. ③Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillions toacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthem on. ④Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear. —90—⑤Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carryingcostsofthetransaction. ⑥Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill? ⑦Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on themarket. 31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause_____. [A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition [B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination [C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist [D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —91—32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry? [A]Indifferent. [B]Supportive. [C]Indignant. [D]Apprehensive. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that_____. [A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad [B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide [C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief [D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Theword“arbiters”(Line7,Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose_____. —92—[A]whoworkascoordinators [B]whofunctionasjudges [C]whosupervisetransactions [D]whodeterminetheprice 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby_____. [A]thecontinuingacquisition [B]thegrowingtraffic [C]thecheeringWallStreet [D]theshrinkingmarket 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —93—Text4 第一段：①It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. ②Smallwonder. ③Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury. ④Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgicalprocedure. ⑤SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIentered medicine50yearsago. ⑥But noteven a great health-care system can cure death—andour failure to confrontthatreality nowthreatensthisgreatnessofours. —94—第二段：①Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunder idealconditions. ②We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to besolved. ③Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless. ④Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare. ⑤Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified. 第三段：①In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare. —95—②In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion. ③Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable. ④Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit. ⑤Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso. ⑥Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. 第四段：①Iwouldnotgothatfar. ②Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. —96—③At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53. ④SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC. ⑤EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s. ⑥These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problemsthatcomenaturallywithage. ⑦Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave. 第五段：①Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit. —97—②Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful. ③I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave. ④As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research onhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives. 36.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence? [A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople. [B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore. [C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology. [D]Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —98—37.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat_____. [A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted [B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases [C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive [D]medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof_____. [A]strongdisapproval [B]reservedconsent [C]slightcontempt [D]enthusiasticsupport 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —99—39.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare_____. [A]moreflexibly [B]moreextravagantly [C]morecautiously [D]morereasonably 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat_____. [A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives [B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving [C]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife [D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —100—2004 Text1 第一段：①Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,a jobdatabaseontheInternet. ②Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent.” ③It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase. ④Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C. ⑤Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening. ⑥“I struck gold,” says Redmon,who E-mailed his resume to the employer andwon a position as in-housecounselforacompany. —101—第二段：①Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscan betime-consumingandinefficient. ②Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases. ③ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks. ④Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a questionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert. 第三段：①Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwant todo—thenbroadenit. ②“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert. —102—③“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.” ④Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain. ⑤“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterest me,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide. 第四段：①Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn. ②When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches. ③There may be more matches in the database;job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—andtheydo. ④“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets, —103—vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite. 第五段：①Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile. ②Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformation oncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise. ③Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder. ④“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays. ⑤Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou. 21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob? [A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase. [B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase. —104—[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase. [D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents? [A]Lackofcounseling. [B]Limitednumberofvisits. [C]Lowerefficiency. [D]Fewersuccessfulmatches. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_____. [A]advisory [B]compensation [C]interaction —105—[D]reminder 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 24.WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions? [A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches. [B]Toattractmorereturningvisits. [C]Toreservespaceformoremessages. [D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext? [A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters. [B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands. [C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed. [D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed. —106—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —107—Text2 第一段：①Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemned ormadeillegal. ②Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism. ③This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet. 第二段：①It has long been known that a taxi firm calledAAAAcars has a big advantage over Zodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories. ②LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman. ③Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet. —108—④Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters betweenA andK. 第三段：①Thus theAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnames starting with B andC respectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirst halfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf. ②Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi). ③The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the topofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters. ④Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht). 第四段：①Canthismerelybecoincidence? —109—②One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that therotsetsinearly. ③At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames. ④So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers. ⑤Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape. ⑥Yettheresultmaybeworse qualifications, becausetheyget less individualattention, aswellas lessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly. 第五段：①Thehumiliationcontinues. ②At university graduation ceremonies, theABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they —110—reachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ. ③Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. 26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars? [A]Akindofoverlookedinequality. [B]Atypeofconspicuousbias. [C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice. [D]Akindofbranddiscrimination. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs? [A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess. [B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoëZysman. —111—[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names. [D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat_____. [A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents [B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass [C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents [D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2, Paragraph 5)? [A]Theyaregettingimpatient. [B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff. —112—[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated. [D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext? [A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated. [B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism. [C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo. [D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —113—Text3 第一段：①Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet. ②But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. ③Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stoppedshowingup. ④Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy. ⑤“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays. ⑥“I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” —114—⑦SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburban Clevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus. ⑧“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too.”shesays. 第二段：①EvenbeforeAlan Greenspan’s admission thatAmerica’s red-hot economy is cooling, lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves. ②From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper theirspending. ③For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. ④Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space. ⑤Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet. —115—⑥Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic abouttheeconomy’slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. 第三段：①Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirown fortunesstillfeelprettygood. ②Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions. ③In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran. ④InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets. ⑤“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysJohnTealdi,aBayArea real-estatebroker. —116—⑥Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob. 第四段：①Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown. ②Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates. ③Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket. ④Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now viewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom. ⑤Dinersmightseeanupside,too. ⑥GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible. —117—⑦Notanymore. ⑧Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting. 31.By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(Lines1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans_____. [A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness [B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork [C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit [D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation? [A]Optimistic. [B]Confused. [C]Carefree. —118—[D]Panicked. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”(Lines3,Paragraph3)theauthoris talkingabout_____. [A]goldmarket [B]realestate [C]stockexchange [D]ventureinvestment 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown? [A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways. [B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery. —119—[C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom. [D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree? [A]Anewboom,onthehorizon. [B]Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy. [C]Cautionallright,panicnot. [D]Themoreventures,themorechances. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —120—Text4 第一段：①Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect. ②Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars. ③Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledgeforthesakeofknowledge. ④Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind. 第二段：①“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch. ②“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.” ③Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of —121—anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the Americandistasteforintellectualpursuits. 第三段：①Buttheycouldandshouldbe. ②Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. ③Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy. ④Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.We willhavealesscivilsociety.” 第四段：①“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the rootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation. —122—②From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have drivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism. ③Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities thananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook. 第五段：①RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingand rigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollege recitation rooms for 10or15years and comeoutatlastwith abellyfulofwords anddonotknow athing.” ②MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism. ③Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innategoodness. 第六段：①Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantlyadmire. —123—②Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind. ③Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines. 第七段：①Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted. ②Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who showtheleastintellectualpromise.” 36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool? [A]Thehabitofthinkingindependently. [B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld. [C]Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer. [D]Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits. —124—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof_____. [A]undervaluingintellect [B]favoringintellectualism [C]supportingschoolreform [D]suppressingnativeintelligence 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare_____. [A]identical [B]similar [C]complementary [D]opposite —125—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably_____. [A]apioneerofeducationreform [B]anopponentofintellectualism [C]ascholarinfavorofintellect [D]anadvocateofregularschooling 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect? [A]Itissecondtointelligence. [B]Itevolvesfromcommonsense. [C]Itistobepursued. [D]Itunderliespower. —126—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —127—2005 Text1 第一段：①Everybodylovesafatpayrise. ②Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone. ③Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged. ④Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance. ⑤But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell. 第二段：①Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys. ②Theylookcute. —128—③Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily. ④Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the valueof“goodsandservices”thanmales. 第三段：①SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’s study. ②Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood. ③Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber. ④However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. —129—第四段：①Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers). ②Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctantto handhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber. ③And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice ofcucumber. ④Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin. 第五段：①The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. ②Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies. —130—③Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated. ④Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone. ⑤Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembers of thegroup. ⑥However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,an unansweredquestion. 21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby_____. [A]posingacontrast [B]justifyinganassumption [C]makingacomparison [D]explainingaphenomenon 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —131—C D 22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey,”(Lastline,Paragraph1)impliesthat_____. [A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals [B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature [C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother [D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare_____. [A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget [B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions [C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament [D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —132—24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys_____. [A]prefergrapestocucumbers [B]canbetaughttoexchangethings [C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated [D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph? [A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions. [B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource. [C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo. [D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —133—Text2 第一段：①Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbut thedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure? ②Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain? ③That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay outoftheway? ④LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswent toearlygraves. 第二段：①There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming. ②Thelatestwas apanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlisted bytheWhite House,to tellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made. —134—③Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves. ④ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothe panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best availableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpolicies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” 第三段：①Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science aboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknow forsure. ②Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate. ③Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow. 第四段：①Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention. —135—②But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. ③Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of “paralysisbyanalysis”. 第五段：①To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmosphericandoceanicresearch. ②Butresearchaloneisinadequate. ③If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioningconservationmeasures. ④A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart. ⑤Many seethatthe countryis getting readyto buildlots ofnewpower plantsto meetourenergy —136—needs. ⑥If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentallysound. 26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat_____. [A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath [B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant [C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife [D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas_____. [A]aprotector [B]ajudge [C]acritic [D]aguide 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —137—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,Paragraph4)? [A]Endlessstudieskillaction. [B]Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth. [C]Prudentplanninghindersprogress. [D]Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming? [A]Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants. [B]Raisepublicawarenessofconservation. [C]Pressforfurtherscientificresearch. [D]Takesomelegislativemeasures. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —138—C D 30.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause_____. [A]theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence [B]alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer [C]theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer [D]bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —139—Text3 第一段：①Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. ②Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak. ③A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goesonduringsleep. ④Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moodswhilethebrainis“off-line.” ⑤And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter. ⑥“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter. —140—⑦“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.” 第二段：①Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview. ②ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur —asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh. ③But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. ④“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement. 第三段：①The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. —141—②Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreams earlyinthenight, progressingtoward happierones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. ③Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream. 第四段：①Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious. ②Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams. ③Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream. ④Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enoughtocontrolitscourse. ⑤Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep. —142—第五段：①Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall unlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays. ②Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. ③Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist. ④Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings. ⑤Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning. 31.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams_____. [A]canbemodifiedintheircourses [B]aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges [C]reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears [D]arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —143—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow_____. [A]itsfunctioninourdreams [B]themechanismofREMsleep [C]therelationofdreamstoemotions [D]itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto_____. [A]aggravateinourunconsciousmind [B]developintohappydreams [C]persisttillthetimewefallasleep [D]showupindreamsearlyatnight 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —144—C D 34.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat_____. [A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams [B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol [C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression [D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams? [A]Leadyourlifeasusual. [B]Seekprofessionalhelp. [C]Exerciseconsciouscontrol. [D]Avoidanxietyinthedaytime. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —145—Text4 第一段：①Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to commandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift. ②Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves. ③In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formalEnglish. 第二段：①Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism againstthedeclineineducation. ②Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endingsofOldEnglish. 第三段：①But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the deathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic. —146—②While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishon thepage. ③Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimreal liveliness. ④InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft. 第四段：①Illustratedwith anentertainingarrayofexamples frombothhigh andlowculture,the trendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable. ②Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care. ③As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the worldthatcannotconveycomplexideas. —147—④He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. 第五段：①Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers. ②Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. ③WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”. ④Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone. 36.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish_____. —148—[A]isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms [B]isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment [C]hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture [D]broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 37.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes_____. [A]modesty [B]personality [C]liveliness [D]informality 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree? [A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk. [B]BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish. [C]Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining. [D]Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas. —149—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 39.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s_____. [A]interestintheirlanguage [B]appreciationoftheirefforts [C]admirationfortheirmemory [D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as_____. [A]“temporary”isto“permanent” [B]“radical”isto“conservative” [C]“functional”isto“artistic” [D]“humble”isto“noble” 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ —150—A B 选项分析 C D —151—2006 Text1 第一段：①In spite of “endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizingpeople. ②There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence ofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture. ③People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department storesthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere. ④Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter,regardlessofclassorbackground. ⑤Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.” ⑥Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization. —152—第二段：①Immigrantsarequickly fittingintothiscommon culture,whichmaynotbealtogether elevatingbutishardlypoisonous. ②Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation. ③In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofthepopulation;in1900,13.6percent. ④In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years priorto1890,9.2forevery1,000. ⑤Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation—language,homeownershipandintermarriage. 第三段：①The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmost commoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.” ②ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish. —153—③“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.” ④HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages. ⑤By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans. 第四段：①Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.” ②By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians. 第五段：Rodriguez notesthatchildrenin remote villages aroundtheworld arefans ofsuperstars likeArnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “someAmericans fear that immigrants living withintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation'sassimilativepower.” —154—第六段：①AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica? ②Indeed. ③Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything. ④But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment. 21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans_____. [A]identifying [B]associating [C]assimilating [D]monopolizing 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —155—C D 22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury_____. [A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture [B]becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers [C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite [D]oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S._____. [A]areresistanttohomogenization [B]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture [C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture [D]constitutethemajorityofthepopulation 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —156—24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5? [A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld. [B]Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants. [C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants. [D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis_____. [A]rewarding [B]successful [C]fruitless [D]harmful 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —157—Text2 第一段：①Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry—WilliamShakespeare—but therearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches. ②There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the playsattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon. ③Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,but tolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights. 第二段：①TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheateraddsapennytotheirrevenue. ②They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. ③It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making. —158—第三段：①Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate. ②The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side – don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. ③However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing. ④It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants. ⑤Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall. 第四段：①Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandthelocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlyto thesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany. ②Stratfordcriespoortraditionally. —159—③Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge. ④Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. 第五段：①Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsa subsidy. ②(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.) ③Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow. 第六段：①It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young peoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveclientele. —160—②Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights. ③They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held forthe sleepers and sold tothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m. 26.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat_____. [A]thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenue [B]theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage [C]thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms [D]thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that_____. [A]thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparately [B]theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseers [C]thesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoers —161—[D]theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____. [A]Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects [B]Stratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficulties [C]thetownisnotreallyshortofmoney [D]thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 29.Accordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause_____. [A]ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespending [B]thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managed [C]thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptable [D]thetheatreattendanceisontherise 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —162—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor_____. [A]issupportiveofbothsides [B]favorsthetownsfolkview [C]takesadetachedattitude [D]issympathetictotheRSC 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —163—Text3 第一段：①Whenprehistoricman arrivedinnewpartsofthe world,somethingstrange happened tothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct. ②Smallerspeciessurvived. ③Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction. ④Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans. 第二段：①Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears. ②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things arechanging. ③Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld. —164—④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the startofexploitation. ⑥Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen. 第三段：①Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative. ②Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved. ③Today’svessels canfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50years ago. —165—④That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference betweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes. ⑤Intheearlydays,too,lonelinesswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish. ⑥Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeen availabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast. ⑦Furthermore, in the early days of loneliness fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they hadbeenhooked. ⑧Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow. 第四段：①Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correctbaseline, which future managementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount. ②They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. —166—③Thenotion isthatpeople havefailed todetectthemassivechanges whichhave happenedin the oceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast. ④That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped fromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels. ⑤Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness. 31.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat_____. [A]largeanimalswerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment [B]smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared [C]largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday [D]slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —167—32.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat_____. [A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90% [B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago [C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount [D]thenumberoflargepredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative”(Line1,Paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat_____. [A]fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly [B]thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded [C]themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss [D]thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat_____. [A]peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertime [B]fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomass [C]theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel —168—[D]peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’_____. [A]managementefficiency [B]biomasslevel [C]catch-sizelimits [D]technologicalapplication 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —169—Text4 第一段：①Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird. ②But the weirdest may be this: artists’only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focusontheonesthatfeelbad. 第二段：①Thiswasn’talwaysso. ②Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy. ③But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’sflowersofevil. 第三段：①You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times haveseensomuchmisery. ②Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents. —170—③The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. 第四段：①After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depictinghappiness? ②Advertising. ③The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology. 第五段：①Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery. ②Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung. —171—③In theWest, before mass communication and literacy,the most powerful mass medium was the church,whichremindedworshippers thattheir souls werein danger andthattheywould someday bemeatforworms. ④Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo. 第六段：①Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial,andforeverhappy. ②Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling. ③Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes. ④Andsince thesemessages have anagenda—to lureusto openourwallets—theymake thevery ideaofhappinessseemunreliable. ⑤“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increasetheriskofheartattacks. —172—第七段：①Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessis morethanpleasurewithoutpain. ②Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment. ③Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomes notin denyingthisbutinlivingwithit. ④It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair. 36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_____. [A]poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic [B]artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings [C]poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness [D]artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest. 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —173—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 37.Theword“bummer”(Line5,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething_____. [A]religious [B]unpleasant [C]entertaining [D]commercial 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising_____. [A]emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart [B]isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic [C]replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation [D]createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —174—C D 39.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves_____. [A]happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness [B]theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing [C]miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied [D]theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext? [A]Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery. [B]Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality. [C]Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety. [D]Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —175—2007 Text1 第一段：①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths. ②If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced. 第二段：①Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon? ②Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-born babiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at theannual peakofsoccer mania; d)none of theabove. 第三段：①AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychology professoratFloridaStateUniversity,says hebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.” —176—②Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have moreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology. ③His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeatarandomseriesofnumbers. ④“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericssonrecalls. ⑤“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.” 第四段：①Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgenetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise thananintuitiveone. ②In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation. —177—③Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasa processknownasdeliberatepractice. ④Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask. ⑤Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as muchontechniqueasonoutcome. 第五段：①Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide rangeofpursuits,includingsoccer. ②They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but alsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers. ③Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. ④Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer —178—programming—arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn. 21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto_____. [A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining [B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup [C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance [D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans_____. [A]fun [B]craze [C]hysteria [D]excitement 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B C —179—D 23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory_____. [A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation [B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises [C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors [D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat_____. [A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess [B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance [C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked [D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey? —180—[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.” [B]“Onereapswhatonesows.” [C]“Practicemakesperfect.” [D]“Likefather,likeson.” 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —181—Text2 第一段：①For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a columncalled“AskMarilyn.” ②People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded. ③IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been foldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks. ④So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? ⑤It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits onetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers. 第二段：①Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest. —182—②Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart? ③Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology, genetics,computerscienceandotherfields? 第三段：①ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhough IQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe. ②The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler IntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion). ③Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb. ④Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by thechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100. —183—⑤Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate RecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests. 第四段：①Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceed inschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg. ②In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”，Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess. ③Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange. ④Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite. ⑤Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip. —184—26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest? [A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions. [B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes. [C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts. [D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3? [A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence. [B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet. [C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent. [D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecause_____. —185—[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures [B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow [C]vosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat [D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 29.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat_____. [A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability [B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated [C]testinginvolvesalotofguesswork [D]traditionaltestsareoutofdate 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests? [A]Supportive [B]Skeptical [C]Impartial [D]Biased —186—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —187—Text3 第一段：①Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcounton hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk andnewrealities. ②Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths. 第二段：①In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic familyeconomics. ②Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell. ③Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus. ④Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimes offinancialsetback—aback-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. —188—⑤This “added-worker effect” could supportthe safety netoffered by unemployment insuranceor disabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes. ⑥But today,adisruption to family fortunes canno longer bemade up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-homepartner. 第三段：①During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirementincome. ②Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that theymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney. ③For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for paymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns. ④Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter. —189—⑤Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen—andnewly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with muchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare. ⑥Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eightfoldinjustonegeneration. 第四段：①Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarless like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. ②Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind. 31.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat_____. [A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared [B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased [C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics [D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —190—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave_____. [A]ahighersenseofsecurity [B]lesssecuredpayments [C]lesschancetoinvest [D]aguaranteedfuture 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill_____. [A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare [B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass [C]compensateforthereducedpensions [D]increasethefamilies’investmentrisk 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —191—C D 34.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_____. [A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks [B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges [C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems [D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext? [A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert [B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff [C]TheMiddleClassinConflict [D]TheMiddleClassinRuins 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —192—Text4 第一段：①Itneverrainsbutitpours. ②Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them— especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executivesuite:datainsecurity. ③Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety. 第二段：Severalmassiveleakages ofcustomer andemployeedatathis year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into theirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities. 第三段:①“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset,”says HaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool. —193—②“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible foronbehalfofshareholders”. ③Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, GenerallyAccepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’sColumbiaBusinessSchool. ④“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue,notatechnicalone,”hesays 第四段：①Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss. ②Surely it shouldbe obvious to thedimmestexecutive thattrust, thatmost valuable ofeconomic assets,iseasily destroyedandhugelyexpensiveto restore—andthatfewthings aremorelikelyto destroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands. 第五段：①The currentstate ofaffairs may havebeenencouraged—thoughnotjustified—bythe lackoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleakage. —194—②Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim,whendatawentastray. ③That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington,D.C. ④Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s FederalTrade Commission (FTC) that puts corporateAmerica on notice that regulators will act if firmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity. 36.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”,isusedtointroduce_____. [A]thefiercebusinesscompetition [B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations [C]thethreatfromnewsreports [D]theseverityofdataleakage 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B C —195—D 37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout_____. [A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint [B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen [C]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage [D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat_____. [A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto [B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention [C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity [D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto_____. —196—[A]seethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection [B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata [C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration [D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that_____. [A]dataleakageismoresevereinEurope [B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity [C]Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation [D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —197—2008 Text1 第一段：①While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be wayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory. ②“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponse to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s AdministrationHospital. 第二段：①Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect thestress response,causingfemales understress toproducemore of thetrigger chemicals thando malesunderthesameconditions. ②In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales. 第 三 段 ： ①Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities”forstress. —198—②“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell. ③It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda. ④“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just thatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyand sooner.” 第四段：①Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes. ②“I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeatednature. ③Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress. ④Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence. —199—⑤Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations, by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals. ⑥Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.” 第五段：①AdelineAlvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. ②“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree. ③I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and dobetter.” ④Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother. ⑤“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, andpaythedebt. —200—⑥“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.” 第六段：①NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes. ②But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. ③Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction. 21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs? [A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress. [B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen. [C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress. [D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ —201—A B 选项分析 C D 22.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen_____. [A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress [B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress [C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress [D]areexposedtomorestress 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe_____. [A]domesticandtemporary [B]irregularandviolent [C]durableandfrequent [D]trivialandrandom 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B C —202—D 24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)showsthat_____. [A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney [B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses [C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs [D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? [A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut? [B]ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference [C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay [D]GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —203—Text2 第一段：①Itusedtobesostraightforward. ②A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their researchtoajournal. ③Ajournaleditor wouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsend ittotheirpeersforreview. ④Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or declineit. ⑤Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results wouldhavetosubscribetothejournal. 第二段：①Nolonger. ②The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial —204—publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is makingfreeaccesstoscientificresultsareality. ③The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a reportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis. ④The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits. ⑤Butitgoesfurtherthanthat. ⑥Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavour. 第三段：①Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,in part,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess. ②Itisbigbusiness. —205—③In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. ④TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthatthereare morethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects. ⑤Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals. 第四段：①Thisisnowchanging. ②AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline. ③Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. ④There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of onlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements. —206—⑤There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to payforthepapertobepublished. ⑥Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternational laboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories. ⑦Other models exist that are hybrids ofthese three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemaking itfreelyavailableto everyonewhowishestoseeit. ⑧Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-review process,atleastforthepublication ofpapers. 26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses_____. [A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting [B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports [C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers [D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —207—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport? [A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch. [B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication. [C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers. [D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat_____. [A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults [B]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers [C]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge [D]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —208—C D 29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto_____. [A]coverthecostofitspublication [B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit [C]allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely [D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext? [A]TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers. [B]Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging. [C]Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication. [D]Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —209—Text3 第一段：①Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeplayersintheNational BasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet. ②Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42. ③The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longerframes. 第二段：①Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshave generallystoppedgrowing. ②Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those bornto families whohave lived in the U.S. formany generations—apparently reachedtheir limitintheearly1960s. ③Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller. —210—④“In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone asfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity. ⑤In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly commonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld. 第三段：①Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof 20,demandscaloriesandnutrients —notably,protein—tofeedexpandingtissues. ②Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway. ③Butas dietandhealth improved,children andadolescentshave, onaverage, increasedinheight byaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight. ④YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight—5’9”formen, 5’4”forwomen—hasn’treallychangedsince1960. —211—第四段：①Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight. ②Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal. ③Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversizelimbs. ④“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity. 第五段：①Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon. ②Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at theArmy Research Center in Natick, Mass, ensures that90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration. ③She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for sometime. —212—④And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.” 31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto_____. [A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers [B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S. [C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers [D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext? [A]Geneticmodification. [B]Naturalenvironment. [C]Livingstandards. [D]Dailyexercise. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ —213—A B 选项分析 C D 33.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree? [A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation. [B]Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture. [C]Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld. [D]Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture_____. [A]thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize [B]thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged [C]genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen [D]theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B C —214—D 35.Thetextintendstotellusthat_____. [A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern [B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable [C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit [D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —215—Text4 第一段：①In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52,wasnearlytoothless. ②So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouthsofhisslaves. 第二段：①That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people rememberfromtheirhistorybooks. ②But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the foundinggeneration. ③They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings. ④Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup. —216—⑤Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders andthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy. ⑥More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong— andyetmostdidlittletofightit. 第三段：①More than anything, the historians say,the founders werehampered by the culture of theirtime. ②While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood thatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate. 第四段：①Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves. ②Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica. ③ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiar —217—institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressionalrepresentation. 第五段：①Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery. ②Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800 byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege. ③Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land wascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates. 第六段：①Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately150otherslaves. ②Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery ofthe blacksoldiers duringthe RevolutionaryWar,overcame thestrong opposition of his relativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill. —218—③Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia. 36.GeorgeWashington'sdentalsurgeryismentionedto_____. [A]showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast [B]demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays [C]stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history [D]revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat_____. [A]DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch [B]initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations [C]historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson'slife [D]politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B C —219—D 38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson? [A]Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery. [B]Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves. [C]Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex. [D]Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext? [A]SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery. [B]Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote. [C]Slavesownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts. [D]Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution. 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis_____. —220—[A]moralconsiderations [B]militaryexperience [C]financialconditions [D]politicalstand 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —221—2009 Text1 第一段：①Habitsareafunnything. ②Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconscious comfortoffamiliarroutine. ③“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. ④Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeimplication. 第二段：①So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. ②But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovativetracks. —222—第三段：①Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead directourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits. ②In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherentlycreativewebecome,bothintheworkplaceandinourpersonallives. 第四段：①Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedureareworninto thebrain,they’retheretostay. ②Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypassthoseoldroads. 第五段：①“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder” says Dawna Markova,authorofTheOpenMind. ②“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide’,justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider’.” —223—③She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.” 第六段：①Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays. ②Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. ③At the end ofadolescence, however,the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only thosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife. 第七段：①The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought. ②“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. —224—③“That’saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness. ④Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.” ⑤Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin. 21.InWordsworth’sview,“habits”ischaracterizedbybeing_____. [A]casual [B]familiar [C]mechanical [D]changeable 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 22.Brainresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofnewhabitscanbe_____. [A]predicted —225—[B]regulated [C]traced [D]guided 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 23.Theword“ruts”(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto_____. [A]tracks [B]series [C]characteristics [D]connections 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 24.DawnaMarkovawouldmostprobablyagreethat_____. [A]ideasarebornofarelaxingmind [B]innovativenesscouldbetaught [C]decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas [D]curiosityactivatescreativeminds —226—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 25.Ryan’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardizedtesting_____. [A]preventsnewhabitsfrombeingformed [B]nolongeremphasizescommonness [C]maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmode [D]complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —227—Text2 第一段：①It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)wisdom—oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad. ②All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another$120togettheresults. 第二段：①More than60,000peoplehave purchasedthe PTKs sincethey firstbecame available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, whichmakestheover-the-counterkits. ②More than two dozen companies sell DNAtests directly to the public, ranging in price from a fewhundreddollarstomorethan$2,500. 第三段：①Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanuse tofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandfamiliescanusetotrackdownkidsputupforadoption. ②DNAtestingisalsothelatestrageamongpassionategenealogists—andsupportsbusinessesthat offertosearchforafamily’sgeographicroots. —228—第四段：①Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbyswabbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothe companyfortesting. ②AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA. 第五段：①Butsomeobserversareskeptical. ②“There’s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”saysTroyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist. ③He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuriesback. ④Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited throughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whichispasseddownonlyfrommothers. ⑤This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents. —229—第六段：①Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collectionstowhichasampleiscompared. ②Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump togetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects. ③This means thataDNAdatabasemay have a lotofdata from some regionsandnotothers,so a person’stestresultsmaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults. ④In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented andnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation. 26.InParagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK’s_____. [A]easyavailability [B]flexibilityinpricing [C]successfulpromotion [D]popularitywithhouseholds 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —230—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 27.PTKisusedto_____. [A]locateone’sbirthplace [B]promotegeneticresearch [C]identifyparent-childkinship [D]choosechildrenforadoption 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto_____. [A]tracedistantancestors [B]rebuildreliablebloodlines [C]fullyusegeneticinformation [D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A 选项分析 B —231—C D 29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis_____. [A]disorganizeddatacollection [B]overlappingdatabasebuilding [C]excessivesamplecomparison [D]lackofpatentevaluation 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe_____. [A]ForsandAgainstsofDNATesting [B]DNATestingandItsProblems [C]DNATestingOutsidetheLab [D]LiesBehindDNATesting 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —232—Text3 第一段：①The relationship betweenformal education andeconomic growth in poorcountries is widelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike. ②Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countriesiswrong. ③We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough peoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations. ④The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standardsofliving. 第二段：①Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates. ②Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. —233—economicperformance. ③Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity. ④Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workersreceivedonthejob. 第三段：More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork. 第四段：①Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment? ②We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit. ③Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted. —234—④When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood. ⑤Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. 第五段：①Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell. ②Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldin turnaffordmoreeducation. ③This increasingly high levelof educationis probably anecessary,butnotasufficient,condition forthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance. ④Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes thatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation. —235—⑤A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture. ⑥On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing morequicklytherethanitis. 31.TheauthorholdsinParagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries_____. [A]issubjecttogroundlessdoubts [B]hasfallenvictimofbias [C]isconventionallydowngraded [D]hasbeenoverestimated 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 32.ItisstatedinParagraph1thattheconstructionofaneweducationalsystem_____. [A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians [B]takeseffortsofgenerations [C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment —236—[D]requiressufficientlaborforce 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 33.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____. [A]theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined [B]theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive [C]theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation [D]theU.S.workforceismoreorganized 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 34.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____. [A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime [B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood [C]whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry [D]asaresultofpressureongovernment 题目备注 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 —237—定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____. [A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments [B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance [C]followsimprovedproductivity [D]cannotaffordpoliticalchanges 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D —238—Text4 第一段：①The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland. ②According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits.” ③Accordingto manybooks andarticles, New England’sleadersestablished thebasic themes and preoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife. 第二段：①TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we maynotneglect. ②But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original PuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances. ③The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity. —239—第三段：①The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influenceinEngland. ②Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and officialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston. ③These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness. 第四段：①Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated. ②While fewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants, leftliterary compositionsto beanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized. ③Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality. —240—④Atailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns. ⑤Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be yourGodandyoushallbemypeople.” ⑥One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritanchurches. 第五段：①Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the NewWorldforreligion. ②“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.” 36.Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland_____. —241—[A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife [B]intellectualinterestswereencouraged [C]politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors [D]intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 37.ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglanders_____. [A]experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory [B]broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld [C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife [D]wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 38.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay_____. [A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings [B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs [C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld [D]createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland —242—题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften_____. [A]influencedbysuperstitions [B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs [C]puzzledbychurchsermons [D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ A B 选项分析 C D 40.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland_____. [A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities [B]weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect [C]camefromdifferentintellectualbackgrounds [D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference 题型分析 主旨题 细节题 例证题 观点态度题 推理题 猜词题 题目备注 定位到第__段第__句，同义替换：___________________________ —243—A B 选项分析 C D —244—