文档内容
Section A
Conversation One
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W: We are down to two candidates for one position, and we need to decide by the end of the day in order to finalize this whole procedure.
M: [1] Yes, but it isn’t an easy choice to make. Both applicants are quite strong.
W: Let’s get to it, then. Both of them went to good universities, and both of them studied business-related subjects. So academically, I’d say
they’re pretty much the same. What do you think?
M: I would agree, yes. [2] The only difference worth noting, perhaps, is that it looks like Rachel scored moderately stronger grades throughout
high school and university. But as I said, only a tiny bit higher than Peter.
W: [2] That’s true, and worth noting. Thank you. In addition, Rachel interviewed very well. I thought she came across as bright and alert.
M: Yes. She asked some very good questions about the position and the company, which made me think she is very keen about the job.
W: I thought so, too. Now, let’s look at Peter’s interview performance. I thought he also did very well. He came across as respectful and
professional, wouldn’t you say? Calm and poised. Very mature for his age.
M: Exactly. In my notes, I wrote that he seemed composed and in control of his emotions. I think he definitely looked more mature than Rachel.
W: Interesting. So, we agree that Rachel appeared inexperienced and less mature than Peter, even though both candidates are the same age and
have practically no work experience.
M: [3] When comparing them side by side, yes, Peter seemed more self-assured somehow. Maybe it was something about their body language.
W: Sure. Maybe he was simply less nervous.
M: Maybe. Who knows? To be honest, I think I like Rachel better.
W: Hmm. Really? I think I like Peter.
M: Ah, well. [4] If there’s a tie, and we can’t come to an agreement, then we’ll take it to John and let him cast the deciding vote.
Q1.Why does the man think it is difficult to make the decision?
Q2.What do the speakers say may be worth noting?
Q3.According to the man, what might account for Peter appearing somewhat more self-assured than Rachel?
Q4.What does the woman say her manager would know?
Conversation Two
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M: [5] We’re here with Clementine Ortega, head designer of the private fashion label L’Orange, to discuss her latest collection. Ms. Ortega, how
would you describe this season’s look?
W: To be honest, my preferred style has always been on the ambiguous side, and I think this collection is even more so. I try not to adhere to
social norms and expectations. [6] Rather, I always try to incorporate something slightly absurd into my aesthetic.
M: The assortments of accessories in this collection have had quite the impact on critics. The dazzling cape deployed at the end of the show, for
example, bewildered many in the audience. What was your inspiration for this piece?
W: Over the summer, I traveled through rural mountain villages throughout Asia in search of handicrafts to decorate my new studio with. The
embroidery done by the women in a particular village was so exquisite. I couldn’t stop thinking about it. Trying to recreate their designs would
have been futile. So instead, I applied my own eccentric approach. Using glitter, I drew similar intricate patterns onto the velvet cape. This ended
up in the glamorous, luminous look that concluded the show.
M: It was indeed majestic, and yet, dare I say, masculine at the same time.
W: Well, yes, that was intentional. [7] I like to merge styles that are often at opposite ends of the fashion spectrum. Hence, the sparkling cape was
paired with a traditional power suit you would typically see in a business setting. It was sensational, if I do say so myself.
1M: Spectacular for sure! A stunning show all around. Going against stereotypes, the incorporation of indigenous aspects, along with your
underlying signature touch, made this collection a statement of the season. [8] You have proven yourself a formidable young designer, and we can’t
wait to see what creations you come up with next.
Q5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
Q6.What does the woman say she always tries to incorporate into her aesthetic?
Q7.What does the woman say she likes to do?
Q8.What is the man looking forward to?
Section B
Passage One
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Pet dogs can often readily understand a wide range of their owners’ commands and gestures, but are these abilities inborn or are they exclusively
learned through training? To find out, a new study examined whether stray dogs could understand human gestures. [9] The study revealed that
80% of participating dogs successfully followed pointing gestures to a specific location despite having never received prior training. The results
suggest that dogs can understand complex gestures by simply watching humans. This could have implications in reducing conflict between stray
dogs and humans.
Dogs were domesticated 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. This means they are probably the oldest domesticated animals on the planet. Humans
then bred dogs with the most desirable and useful traits so that they could function as companions and workers. This resulted in domesticated dogs
that are highly responsive to human commands and gestures. However, it was not clear whether dogs understand us through training alone, or
whether this was an inherent ability. Why does this matter?
Stray dogs are a common feature in cities around the world. They may observe and occasionally interact with people, but such dogs have never
been trained, and are behaviorally “wild”. [10] Conflicts between stray dogs and humans are a problem. Understanding how humans shape stray
dogs’ behavior may help alleviate this problem. According to the researchers of the new study, stray dogs are intelligent creatures. They closely
observe humans and use their understanding of us to make a decision. [11] Treating stray dogs with sensitivity and respect, and giving them space,
the researchers assert, can reduce much conflict.
Q9.What does the passage say about 80% of participating dogs in the new study?
Q10.What may help alleviate the problem caused by stray dogs?
Q11.What do the researchers suggest we do to reduce conflicts between stray dogs and humans?
Passage Two
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Think your refrigerator is just one big box of evenly cold air? Not so! [12] The temperature inside the average fridge actually varies from front to
back, bottom to top and everywhere in between. Because of this, food product placement within the appliance is far more important than you
probably realize.
[13] The whole purpose of the modern refrigerator is to slow the growth of bacteria, which thrive in temperatures from 4.4 to 60 degrees
Celsius. As a result, refrigerators are typically set at or below that low end to protect foods against bacteria. Although it might seem like time spent
organizing the fridge will spoil your day, doing so will actually make it more user-friendly, easier to clean and food safety-conscious.
Those little bins on the inside of refrigerator doors are convenient, but they don’t maintain a consistent temperature, so definitely refrain from
putting perishable foods in there. The top area is not as cold as the bottom of the fridge, so save it for the foods that don’t need extra-chilly
temperatures. [14] Store foods that are ready to eat or already cooked on the top shelf. The middle shelf is the most temperature-controlled part
of the fridge, so place eggs here. Drinks and prepared foods can also live on the middle shelf if you ran out of room up top. The back of the
bottom shelf is the coldest spot in the fridge, so store perishable dairy products here to keep them edible longer. [15] Never store foods with high
water content here, because the water within them can and will freeze, effectively ruining them.
Q12.Why is food product placement within the fridge very important?
Q13.What does the passage say is the whole purpose of the modern refrigerator?
Q14.Where in the fridge should we store foods already cooked?
2Q15.Why should we never store foods with high water content at the back of the bottom shelf?
Section C
Recording One
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My current research is mainly looking at factors like stress and how it affects our immune system. So the current projects that I’m quite excited
about are looking at older people and factors that are important to them.
[16] In one project we are looking at hip fracture in older people, which is a common event and we’re trying to understand the impact of
depression. Often people in hospital with a hip fracture develop depression, and these are the people that then go on to become feeble a lot more
quickly than others. They get infections. Often these infections lead to death. So we’re trying to slow down that progression to feebleness. So if we
can better understand how these factors interact, then we can actually start doing something about it.
The impact that my research will have in Birmingham, first of all, is obviously for older people because these are the people that are having hip
fractures and developing depression, and we’re trying to improve their health and their quality of life. But this isn’t just a problem in Birmingham or
even in the UK. This is a problem globally. People are aging. There’s a lot more people in the older generation who are living for longer but not
necessarily staying healthy for a large part of their lives. So the last part of their life can often be full of ill health, and we’re trying to understand
factors that can contribute to the quality of life later on.
[17] I think the thing that excites me most about my research is that it feels real and relevant. Lots of academics are probably very excited about
their research, but it might not be that relevant to those around them. Whereas I feel that the work I do is relevant to everyone because everyone is
aging. Health is an issue for everyone, regardless of their age, and what I’m trying to do is understand the factors that affect health and how we can
improve the quality of life in people. So that’s one of the things that really excites me about it. [18] One of the other things is, rather than just taking
one perspective, so rather than looking at aging and health just from the perspective of the psychologist, we are now bringing together a lot of
different techniques and a lot of different viewpoints to actually look at the sort of different factors affecting health.
Q16.What does the speaker say is quite common among older people?
Q17.What does the speaker think excites her most about her research?
Q18.How does the speaker approach her research project?
Recording Two
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Americans are obsessed with celebrity chefs. We talk about them and try to eat like them. But could we learn something more from them than
recipes and techniques?
According to market data enterprises, Americans spend nearly 10 billion dollars a year on self-help and personalorganization products. [19] The
market is huge, partly because most colleges and graduate schools don’t teach basic organization, but cooking schools and professional kitchens
do.
Perhaps the principles of cooking organization can be extended to help even those of us who aren’t top chefs. The system that makes kitchens
function is called “mise-en-place”, or literally “put in place”. It’s a French phrase that means to gather and arrange the ingredients and tools needed
for cooking.
But for many professional cooks, the phrase means something deeper. Some cooks call it their religion. It helps them coordinate vast amounts of
labor and material, and transforms the lives of its practitioners through focus and self-discipline. [20] Students at the culinary institute of America
view it as a way of life. It’s a way of concentrating their mind to only focus on the aspects that they need to be working on at the moment, to kind
of rid themselves of distractions. And it’s a habit that some students carry with them even when they’re not in the kitchen. They mise-enplace their
life. They set up their books for class. They set up their chef whites. They shine their shoes. They know everything that they need every step of the
day.
Then how does one attain this level of organization? The key to high-level organization is the mindset. Cooks can easily do six hours of
preparation for a three-hour dinner shift. “Mise-en-place forces cooks to account for every minute of their time and every movement. Every
component of one single dish is in one single corner, so their hand literally moves inches,” explains Dwayne Lipuma, an instructor at the culinary
institute of America. “Once students set up their station, I should be able to cover up their eyes. And they should know that their knives are always
here, their oil is always right here, their salt and pepper is always right here.”
[21] But practiced at its highest level, mise-en-place says that time is precious, resources are precious, space is precious, your self-respect and
the respect of others are precious. Use them wisely. Isn’t that a philosophy for our time?
3Q19.What does the speaker say about most colleges and graduate schools in America?
Q20.How do students of the culinary institute of America view “mise-en-place” or “put in place”?
Q21.What does the speaker advise us to do at the end of the talk?
Recording Three
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Why do we stop making goals for ourselves and stop progressing in life? One reason is the belief that we should accept who we are and not
constantly strive to improve ourselves. [22] The mistake we make with this is that whilst self-acceptance is imperative, it should actually be used as
the basis for growth. When we’re not growing, learning and seeking improvements in our lives, we tend to stagnate, accepting what is, and stop
believing we can be better.
A key tool for creating goals and progressing, is using our imagination. [23] Yet as is so often the case, by the time we’ve reached midlife, we’ve
stopped dreaming about what we want to achieve and feel quite negatively about goal setting. Instead of feeling confidence, happiness and
satisfaction from achieving our goals, we feel we are always falling short. That leads to disappointment, and we stop dreaming. We stop imagining
the life we’d like to have or the person we’d like to be, quickly finding ourselves shattered by the pain of our reality.
Up until now, unless we work in the creative industry, we’ve found the idea of using “play” a bit childish. In the West, we’re mostly operating
from our heads, the rational mind. But it’s beginning to be better understood, because using our imagination is actually one of the most powerful
things we could ever do.
[24] The problem with finding ourselves irritated for not achieving the goal is because the goal always changes and we’re always adapting,
whether we realize it or not. What happens, therefore, is that we end up feeling like we’re never going to reach our goals. And herein lies one of
the biggest misconceptions and reasons for failure, dissatisfaction and unhappiness. We measure against the goal, rather than where we’ve come
from. Dan Sullivan calls this “the gap and the gain”. We measure always against the goal, which we never feel we’re reaching, rather than the gain,
that is where we’ve come from. [25] In measuring where we’ve come from, rather than where we’re trying to get to, we see results. We see things
we’ve taken for granted, or not noticed. It’s a simple, yet profound change in perception, and what I love about it is the power it has to instantly
shift us up a gear. It’s so, so simple, yet has an immediate, positive impact on our thinking.
Q22.What should self-acceptance be used as according to the speaker?
Q23.What do people tend to do when they have reached midlife?
Q24.Why do we find ourselves irritated for not achieving the goal?
Q25.What does the speaker say has an immediate positive impact on our thinking?
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