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一
2020年9月大学英语六级考试真题（ ）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying What is worth doing is
worth doing well. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will
hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) She can devote all her life to pursuing her passion.
B) Her accuum lated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.
C) She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.
D) Her research findings are widely acclaimed in the world.
2. A) Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.
B) Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.
C) Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.
D) Science education and scientific research.
3. A) A better understanding of a subject. C) A broader knowledge of related fields.
B) A stronger will to meet challenges. D) A closer relationship with young people.
4. A) By applying the latest research methods. C) By building upon previous discoveries.
B) By making full use of the existing data. D) By utilizing more powerful computers.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) They can predict future events. C) They have cultural connotations.
B) They have no special meanings. D) They cannot be easily explained.
6. A) It was canceled due to bad weather. C) She dreamed of a plane crash.
B) She overslept and missed the flight. D) It was postponed to the following day.
7. A) They can be affected by people's childhood experiences.
B) They may sometimes seem ridiculous to a rational mind.
C) They usually result from people's unpleasant memories.
D) They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.
8. A) They call for scientific methods to interpret.
B) They mirror their long-cherished wishes.
C) They reflect their complicated emotions.
D) They are often related to irrational feelings.
第1页，共8页Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or
four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Radio waves. C) Robots.
B) Sound waves. D) Satellites.
10. A) It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier. C) It may have certain rare minerals in it.
B) It may have micro-organisms living in it. D) It may be as deep as four kilometers.
11. A) Help understand life in freezing conditions. C) Provide information about other planets.
B) Help find new sources of fresh water. D) Shed light on possible life in outer space.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) He found there had been little research on their language.
B) He was trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.
C) His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.
D) His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to learn more about the tribe.
13. A) He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language.
B) He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland's gifts.
C) He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.
D) He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.
14. A) Unpredictable. C) Laborious.
B) Unjustifiable. D) Tedious.
15. A) Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.
B) Their sense of sharing and caring.
C) Their readiness to adapt to technology.
D) Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four
questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) They tend to be silenced into submission. C) They will feel proud of being pioneers.
B) They find it hard to defend themselves. D) They will feel somewhat encouraged.
17. A) One who advocates violence in effecting change.
B) One who craves for relentless transformations.
C) One who acts in the interests of the oppressed.
D) One who rebels against the existing social order.
18. A) They tried to effect social change by force. C) They served as a driving force for progress.
B) They disrupted the nation's social stability. D) They did more harm than good to humanity.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate environment.
B) It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.
C) Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.
D) It is important for us to keep in touch with our own world.
第2页，共8页20. A) Make up his mind to start all over again.
B) Stop making unfair judgements of others.
C) Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.
D) Recognise the negative impact of his coworkers.
21. A) They are quite susceptible to suicide. C) They suffer a great deal from ill health.
B) They improve people's quality of life. D) They help people solve mental problems.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) Few people can identify its texture. C) Its real value is open to interpretation.
B) Few people can describe it precisely. D) Its importance is often over-estimated.
23. A) It has never seen any change. C) It is a well-protected government secret.
B) It has much to do with color. D) It is a subject of study by many forgers.
24. A) People had little faith in paper money. C) It predicted their value would increase.
B) They could last longer in circulation. D) They were more difficult to counterfeit.
25. A) The stabilization of the dollar value. C) A gold standard for American currency.
B) The issuing of government securities. D) A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.
Part ][ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the
need to appear competent in all 26 , while women worry only about the skills in which they've
invested 27 . Ask a man and a woman to go diving for the first time, and the woman is likely to
jump in, while the man is likely to say he's not feeling too well.
Ironically, it is often success that leads people to flirt with failure. Praise won for 28 a skill
suddenly puts one in the position of having everything to lose. Rather than putting their reputation on the
line again, many successful people develop a handicap-drinking, 29 , depression—that allows
them to keep their status no matter what the future brings. An advertising executive 30 for
depression shortly after winning an award put it this way: "Without my depression, I'd be a failure now;
with it, I'm a success'on hold.'"
In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those 31 with success.
Such people are so afraid of being 32 a failure at anything that they constantly develop one
handicap or another in order to explain away failure.
Though self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now and then,
in the end, researchers say, it will lead to 33 . In the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their
true 34 and lose the status they care so much about. And despite their protests to the 35
they have only themselves to blame.
A) contrary F) labeled K) potential
B) fatigue G) legacies L) realms
C) heavily H) mastering M) reciprocal
D) heaving I) momentum N) ruin
E) hospitalized J) obsessed 0) viciously
第3页，共8页Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual Education
A) Brains, brains, brains. People are fascinated by brain research. And yet it can be hard to point to
places where our education system is really making use of the latest neuroscience (神经科学） findings.
But there is one happy link where research is meeting practice: bilingual (双语的） education. "In the
last 20 years or so, there's been a virtual explosion of research on bilingualism," says Judith Kroll, a
professor at the University of California, Riverside.
B) Again and again, researchers have found, "bilingualism is an experience that shapes our brain for
life," in the words of Gigi Luk, an associate professor at Harvard's Graduate School of Education. At
the same time, one of the hottest trends in public schooling is what's often called dual-language or two
way immersion programs.
C) Traditional programs for English-language learners, or ELLs, focus on assimilating students into
English as quickly as possible. Dual-language classrooms, by contrast, provide instruction across
subjects to both English natives and English learners, in both English and a target language. The goal is
functional bilingualism and biliteracy for all students by middle school. New York City, North
Carolina, Delaware, Utah, Oregon and Washington state are among the places expanding dual
language classrooms.
D) The trend flies in the face of some of the culture wars of two decades ago, when advocates insisted on
"English first" education. Most famously, California passed Proposition 227 in 1998. It was intended
to sharply reduce the amount of time that English-language learners spent in bilingual settings.
Proposition 58, passed by California voters on November 8, largely reversed that decision, paving the
way for a huge expansion of bilingual education in the state that has the largest population of English
language learners.
E) Some of the insistence on English-first was founded on research produced decades ago, in which
bilingual students underperformed monolingual (单语的） English speakers and had lower IQ scores.
Today's scholars, like Ellen Bialystok at York University in Toronto, say that research was "deeply
flawed." "Earlier research looked at socially disadvantaged groups," agrees Antonella Sorace at the
University of Edinburgh in Scotland. "This has been completely contradicted by recent research" that
compares groups more similar to each other.
F) So what does recent research say about the potential benefits of bilingual education? It turns out that,
in many ways, the real trick to speaking two languages consists in managing not to speak one of those
languages at a given moment—which is fundamentally a feat of paying attention. Saying "Goodbye" to
mom and then "Gut en tag" to your teacher, or managing to ask for a crayola roja instead of a red
crayon (蜡笔），requires skills called "inhibition" and "task switching." These skills are subsets of an
ability called executive function.
G) People who speak two languages often outperform monolinguals on general measures of executive
function. "Bilinguals can pay focused attention without being distracted and also improve in the ability
to switch from one task to another," says Sorace.
H) Do these same advantages benefit a child who begins learning a second language in kindergarten instead
of as a baby? We don't yet know. Patterns of language learning and language use are complex. But
Gigi Luk at Harvard cites at least one brain-imaging study on adolescents that shows similar changes in
brain structure when compared with those who are bilingual from birth, even when they didn't begin
practicing a second language in earnest before late childhood.
I) Young children being raised bilingual have to follow social cues to figure out which language to use with
第4页，共8页which person and in what setting. As a result, says Sorace, bilingual children as young as age 3 have
demonstrated a head start on tests of perspective-taking and theory of mind—both of which are
fundamental social and emotional skills.
J) About 10 percent of students in the Portland, Oregon public schools are assigned by lottery to dual
language classrooms that offer instruction in Spanish, Japanese or Mandarin, alongside English.
Jennifer Steele at American University conducted a four-year, randomized trial and found that these
dual-language students outperformed their peers in English-reading skills by a full school-year's worth
of learning by the end of middle school. Because the effects are found in reading, not in math or
science where there were few differences, Steele suggests that learning two languages makes students
more aware of how language works in general.
K) The research of Gigi Luk at Harvard offers a slightly different explanation. She has recently done a
small study looking at a group of 100 fourth-graders in Massachusetts who had similar reading scores on
a standard test, but very different language experiences. Some were foreign-language dominant and
others were English natives. Here's what's interesting. The students who were dominant in a foreign
language weren't yet comfortably bilingual; they were just starting to learn English. Therefore, by
definition, they had a much weaker English vocabulary than the native speakers. Yet they were just as
good at interpreting a text. "This is very surprising," Luk says. "You would expect the reading
comprehension performance to mirror the vocabulary—it's a cornerstone of comprehension."
L) How did the foreign-language dominant speakers manage this feat? Well, Luk found, they also scored
higher on tests of executive functioning. So, even though they didn't have huge mental dictionaries to
draw on, they may have been great puzzle-solvers, taking into account higher-level concepts such as
whether a single sentence made sense within an overall story line. They got to the same results as the
monolinguals, by a different path.
M) American public school classrooms as a whole are becoming more segregated by race and class. Dual
language programs can be an exception. Because they are composed of native English speakers
deliberately placed together with recent immigrants, they tend to be more ethnically and economically
balanced. And there is some evidence that this helps kids of all backgrounds gain comfort with
diversity and different cultures.
N) Several of the researchers also pointed out that, in bilingual education, non-English-dominant students
and their families tend to feel that their home language is heard and valued, compared with a
classroom where the home language is left at the door in favor of English. This can improve students'
sense of belonging and increase parents' involvement in their children's education, including behaviors
like reading to children. "Many parents fear their language is an obstacle, a problem, and if they
abandon it their child will integrate better," says Antonella Sorace of the University of Edinburgh.
"We tell them they're not doing their child a favor by giving up their language."
0) One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly they advocated
for dual-language classrooms. Thomas and Collier have advised many school systems on how to expand
their dual-language programs, and Sorace runs "Bilingualism Matters," an international network of
researchers who promote bilingual education projects. This type of advocacy among scientists is
unusual; even more so because the "bilingual advantage hypothesis" is being challenged once again.
P) A review of studies published last year found that cognitive advantages failed to appear in 83 percent of
published studies, though in a separate analysis, the sum of effects was still significantly positive. One
potential explanation offered by the researchers is that advantages that are measurable in the very
young and very old tend to fade when testing young adults at the peak of their cognitive powers. And,
they countered that no negative effects of bilingual education have been found. So, even if the
advantages are small, they are still worth it. Not to mention one obvious, outstanding fact: "Bilingual
children can speak two languages! "
36. A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingual from
第5页，共8页birth and those who start learning a second language later.
37. Unlike traditional monolingual programs, bilingual classrooms aim at developing students' ability to
use two languages by middle school.
38. A study showed that dual-language students did significantly better than their peers in reading English
texts.
39. About twenty years ago, bilingual practice was strongly discouraged, especially in California.
40. Ethnically and economically balanced bilingual classrooms are found to be helpful for kids to get used
to social and cultural diversity.
41. Researchers now claim that earlier research on bilingual education was seriously flawed.
42. According to a researcher, dual-language experiences exert a lifelong influence on one's brain.
43. Advocates of bilingual education argued that it produces positive effects though they may be limited.
44. Bilingual speakers often do better than monolinguals in completing certain tasks because they can
concentrate better on what they are doing.
45. When their native language is used, parents can become more involved in their children's education.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements . For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
It is not controversial to say that an unhealthy diet causes bad health. Nor are the basic elements of
healthy eating disputed. Obesity raises susceptibility to cancer, and Britain is the sixth most obese country
on Earth. That is a public health emergency. But naming the problem is the easy part. No one disputes the
costs in quality of life and depleted health budgets of an obese population, but the quest for solutions gets
diverted by ideological arguments around responsibility and choice. And the water is muddied by lobbying
from the industries that profit from consumption of obesity-inducing products.
Historical precedent suggests that science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses that
pollute and poison but it takes time, and success often starts small. So it is heartening to note that a
programme in Leeds has achieved a reduction in childhood obesity, becoming the first UK city to reverse a
fattening trend. The best results were among younger children and in more deprived areas. When 28% of
English children aged two to 15 are obese, a national shift on the scale achieved by Leeds would lengthen
hundreds of thousands of lives. A significant factor in the Leeds experience appears to be a scheme called
HENRY, which helps parents reward behaviours that prevent obesity in children.
Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even with their own government's anti-obesity
strategy, since it involves a "sugar tax" and a ban on the sale of energy drinks to under-16s. Bans and taxes
can be blunt instruments, but their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods. These critics just
oppose regulation itself.
The relationship between poor health and inequality is too pronounced for governments to be passive
about large-scale intervention. People living in the most deprived areas are four times more prone to die
from avoidable causes than counterparts in more affluent places. As the structural nature of public health
problems becomes harder to ignore, the complaint about overprotective government loses potency.
In fact, the polarised debate over public health interventions should have been abandoned long ago.
Government action works when individuals are motivated to respond. Individuals need governments that
expand access to good choices. The HENRY programme was delivered in part through children's centres.
Closing such centres and cutting council budgets doesn't magically increase reserves of individual self
reliance. The function of a well-designed state intervention is not to deprive people of liberty but to build
social capacity and infrastructure that helps people take responsibility for their wellbeing. The obesity
crisis will not have a solution devised by left or right ideology—but experience indicates that the private
第6页，共8页sector needs the incentive of regulation before it starts taking public health emergencies seriously.
46. Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve?
A) Government health budgets are depleted.
B) People disagree as to who should do what.
C) Individuals are not ready to take their responsibilities.
D) Industry lobbying makes it hard to get healthy foods.
47. What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies?
A) Governments have a role to play.
B) Public health is a scientific issue.
C) Priority should be given to deprived regions.
D) Businesses' responsibility should be stressed.
48. What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthy drinks?
A) They are not aware of the consequences of obesity.
B) They have not come up with anything more constructive.
C) They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti-obesity debate.
D) They have their own motives in opposing government regulation.
49. Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality?
A) To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas.
B) To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Britain.
C) To highlight the area deserving the most attention from the public.
D) To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem.
50. When will government action be effective?
A) When the polarised debate is abandoned.
B) When ideological differences are resolved.
C) When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly.
D) When the private sector realises the severity of the crisis.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Home to virgin reefs, rare sharks and vast numbers of exotic fish, the Coral Sea is a unique haven of
biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes
ahead, the region will also become the world's largest marine protected area, with restrictions or bans on
fishing, mining and marine farming.
The Coral Sea reserve would cover almost 990,0 00 square kilometres and stretch as far as
1,100 kilometres from the coast. Unveiled recently by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal
would be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia's coast.
But the scheme is attracting criticism from scientists and conservation groups, who argue that the
government hasn't gone far enough in protecting the Coral Sea, or in other marine reserves in the coastal
network.
Hugh Possingham, director of the Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions at the University
of Queensland, points out that little more than half of the Coral Sea reserve is proposed as'no take'area,
in which all fishing would be banned. The world's largest existing marine reserve, established last year by
the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 554,000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. An
alliance of campaigning conversation groups argues that more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of
protection.
"I would like to have seen more protection for coral reefs," says Terry Hughes, director of the Centre
of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Queensland. "More than 20 of them
would be outside the no-take area and vulnerable to catch-and-release fishing".
As Nature went to press, the Australian government had not responded to specific criticisms of the
第7页，共8页plan. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist at James Cook University, says that the reserve does
"broadly protect the range of habitats" in the sea. "I can testify to the huge effort that government
agencies and other organisations have put into trying to understand the ecological values of this vast area,"
he says.
Reserves proposed earlier this year for Australia's southwestern and northwestern coastal regions have
also been criticised for failing to give habitats adequate protection. In August, 173 marine scientists signed
an open letter to the government saying they were "greatly concerned" that the proposals for the
southwestern region had not been based on the "core science principles" of reserves—the protected regions
were not, for instance, representative of all the habitats in the region, they said.
Critics say that the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where
commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a contention also
levelled at the Coral Sea plan.
51. What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea?
A) It is exceptionally rich in marine life.
B) It is the biggest marine protected area.
C) It remains largely undisturbed by humans.
D) It is a unique haven of endangered species.
52. What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke?
A) Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea.
B) Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms.
C) Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life.
D) Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast.
53. What is scientists' argument about the Coral Sea proposal?
A) The government has not done enough for marine protection.
B) It will not improve the marine reserves along Australia's coast.
C) The government has not consulted them in drawing up the proposal.
D) It is not based on sufficient investigations into the ecological system.
54. What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan?
A) It can compare with the British government's effort in the Indian Ocean.
B) It will result in the establishment of the world's largest marine reserve.
C) It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast.
D) It is a tremendous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats.
55. What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan?
A) It will do more harm than good to the environment.
B) It will adversely affect Australia's fishing industry.
C) It will protect regions that actually require little protection.
D) It will win little support from environmental organisations.
Part N Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
《西游记》(Journey to the West)也许是中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部，当然也是在国外
最广为人知的一部小说。 这部小说描绘了著名僧侣玄奖在三个随从的陪同下穿越中国西部地区前往印度
取竺(Buddhist scripture)的艰难历程。 虽然故事的主题基于佛教，但这部小说采用了大量中国民间故事和
神话的素材，创造了各种栩栩如生的人物和动物形象。 其中最著名的是孙悟空，他与各种各样妖魔作斗争
的故事几乎为每个中国孩子所熟知。
第8页，共8页一
2020年9月大学英语六级考试真题（ ）答案与详解
I
Part Writing
结构框图：
-i -e:＇ 第l段引入谚语并解释其含义：如果你认为某件事值得做， 你就应该全力以 ，
＇ ， 赴把它做好。
， 、一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一，＇
-----------------------------------------------------------
What Is Worth
＿， -e:『第2段具体阐述为什么值得做的事就值得做好：首先解释什么是值得做的事，：
Doing Is Worth
卜
＇ ， 然后阐释为什么应该把值得做的事做好。
Doing Well l 、一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一,'
I , -----------------------------------------------------------
气）；第
3段总结全文， 重申观点。
范文点评：
参考范文 精彩点评
What ls Worth Doing Is Worth Doing Well
【1】There is a famous saying, "What is worth doing is worth 【1
】引入谚语并解释其含义：如果你认
doing well", which means if you think something is worth doing, 为某件事值得做，你就应该全力以
you should go all out to do it well.
赴把它做好。
“
【2】First of all, on the question "what is worth doing", people 【2 】用 First of all 引出 什么是值得做的
”
are bound to have different views, because they differ in their 事 。
outlook on life and values. As for me, if you believe that doing
something will help you improve yourself to some extent, that's
】 】用 引出原因一：如果不好
what's worth doing 【3 Secondly, once you decide to do 【3 Secondly
something, you should do it well. If you do things halfheartedly, 好做，成功的机会渺茫；即使成功
了，也不会有太大的成就感。
not only will your chances of success be slim, but you won't have
much sense of accomplishment even if you do succeed.
【4 】 Thirdly, doing things well is an attitude which contributes to 【4 】用 Thirdly 引出原因二：做好事情是
your life development. Because once you make up your mind to get 一种态度，有助于人生的发展；即使
something done, you will try your best to acquire new knowledge, 失败了，也会对未来有益。
which will benefit you in the future even if you fail in the end.
【5 】 1、herefore, once you set out to do something, you should 【5 】用 Therefore 总结全文，重申自己的
take 1t seriously, let alone do something worth doing 观点。
话题词汇：
令人满意的 坚持不懈的
fulfilling persistent
balance
平衡
wholehearted
一心一意的
rewarding
值得做的
worthwhile
值得做的
beneficial
有益的
to the best of one's ability
竭尽全力地
道德准则 不遗余力做某事
code of ethics spare no effort to do sth.
奉献，投入
commitment
六级2020年 33Part ][ Listening Comprehension
Section A
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
M: You are a professor of Physics at the University of Oxford; you're a senior adviser at the European
Organiz心on for Nuclear Research; you also seem to tour the globe tirelessly, giving talks. And in
add山on, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: Oh, well, (1)1·ust love what I do. I'm extreme! fortunate to have this life, doin what I love doin .
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W, Well, as you said, I do have different things going on. (2)But these, I think, can be divided into two
roups, the education of science and the further understandin of science.
M: Don't these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn't giving lectures take time aw心
from the lab?
W: Not really, no. T love teaching, and T don't mind spending more time doing. that now than in the past.
Also, (3) what I w仆1 sa is that teachin a sub·ect hel s me com rehend it better m self. 1 find that it
furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in
understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very
stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are
instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the ne_ ar horizon, a significant discovery or invention
we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science, and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4-1) In
fact, ri ht now we have too much data sittin in com uters. For example, we have thousands of photos of
planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4-2)We have them, yet nobody has had time to
look at them with their own e es, let alone anal ze them.
答案详解
1. Why does the woman say she can be so energetic? teaching brings to her?
A)【精析】目的原因题。 当男士问女士她哪里来的那 A)【精析】细节辨认题。 男士问女十，教学是否会占
么多精力时，女士回答说，她只是喜欢自己所做的 用做实验的时间。 女士明确回答说，她喜欢教学，
事情。 她非常幸运能有这样的生活，做自己热爱的 她不介意在这上面花费比以往更多的时间，教授某
事情。 由此可知，女士精力充沛的原因是她可以全 个学科也可以让自己对该学科有更好的理解。
身心投入到追求自己的爱好上。 4. How does the woman say new scientific
2. What has the woman been engaged in? breakthroughs can be made possible?
D)【精析】细节辨认题。 当男士问女士她的目标是什 B)【精析】细节推断题。 当男士问女士最近是否会有
一 一
么以及她为什么要做这么多事情时，女士对自己的 些新的科学发现时，女士说科学研究 直在进
多种T作进行了归纳。 在她看来，她所做的事情可 行，总会不断有新的发现。 现实是我们电脑里有太
一 一
以分为两类： 是科学教育；二是对科学的进 步 多的数据，却没人花时间去查看这些数据，更别说
理韶，即科学研究。 去分析它们了。 由此推断，女士认为，如果充分利
3. What does the woman say about the benefit 用现有数据，就会有新的科学突破。
Questions S to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
M, (5-l)Do you think dreams have special meanings?
W, (5-2)No, I don't think they do.
M: (5-3) I don't, either. But some people do. I would say people who believe that dreams have special
六级2020年 34meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece, or
China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific
knowledge that we have, T think it's much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6)0nce she dreamed that
the fli ht she was due to take the followin da crashed. Can ou uess what she d心She didn't take that
fli ht. She didn't even bother to o to the air ort the followin da . Instead, she took the same flight, but
a week later. And everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It's been
statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W, Yes, absolutely. (7)But even if we think the are ridiculous, emotions can be·ust as owerful as rational
thinking.
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of the订irrational feelings. But in fact, some
psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. I think it
was Sigmund Freud who said that children's dreams were usually simple representations of the订wishes,
things they wished would happen. (8)B ut in adults, dreams are much more com licated reflections of their
more sophisticated sentiments.
W: Isn't it interesting how psychologists try to understand, using the scientific method, something as bizarre as
dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings
答案详解
5. What do both speakers think of dreams? 7. What does the woman say about people's
B)【精析】细节辨认题。 当男士问女士她是否认为梦 emotions?
有特殊的含义时，女士说她不这么认为，男士与女 D)【精析】细节辨认题。 女士说虽然情绪行上去很荒
士看法一致。 也就是说，两人都不认为梦有特殊的
谡却可以和理性思维一样具有强大的影响力。
含义。
8. What did psychologist Sigmund Freud say about
6. Why didn't the woman's grandmother take her
adults' dreams?
scheduled flight?
C)【精析】细节辨认题。 男士提到，西格蒙德· 弗洛
C)【精析】目的原因题。 女士说自己的祖母很迷信，
伊德说成年人的梦是他们异常复杂的情感的复杂
有一次，她梦到自己第二天要乘坐的飞机坠毁了，
反映。
她便决定不乘坐原定航班，甚至连机场都没去。
Section B
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of
water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9)S cientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s b usin
radio waves that penetrate the ice. Since then they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this
massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? The thick glacier above acts like an
insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing, says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of
Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the Earth may warm the hidden lake. OO)The scientists
sus ect that micro-or anisms ma be livin in Lake Yostok, closed off from the outside world for more than
two million years. Anything found there will be totally alien to what's on the surface of the Earth, says Siegert
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination.
Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface
六级 2020年 35ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures and look for
signs of life. (ll)The scientists ho e their discoveries will shed Ii ht on life in outer s ace which mi ht exist in
similar dark and airless conditions. Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter's moon Europa showed signs of water
beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there, too
答案详解
9. What did scientists first use to discover Lake 在沃斯托克湖中有微生物存活，这些微生物可能
Yostok in the 1970s? 与外界隔绝长达两百多万年的时间。
A)【精析】细节辨认题。 短文开头部分提到，在 20 世 11. What do the scientists hope their discoveries
纪70年代，科学家们通过可以穿透冰层的无线电 will do?
波首次发现了沃斯托克湖。 D)【精析】细节辨认题。 短文最后提到，科学家们希
10. What do scientists think about Lake Vostok? 望他们的发现能够为外太空存在生命提供线索，
B)【精析】细节辨认题。 短文中提到，科学家们怀疑 它们可能存在于类似的黑暗和真空环境中。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
(12)The idea to stud the American Indian tribe Tarahumaras came to James Co eland in 1984 when he
discovered that ver little research had been done on their Ian ua e. He contacted a tribe member through a
social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member named Gonzalez was very
reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland
explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez
agreed to help. (13) He took Co eland to his villa e and served as an intermediar . Copeland says, "Thanks to
him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us." 04) Entering the world of the
Tarahumaras has been a laborious ro·ect for Co eland. To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half
days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle With goods that the tribesmen can't easily get and gives the
goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don't believe in accumulating wealth, take the
food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in
several ways. "I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me
another notion about the meaning of progress in the Western tradition," he says. 05) "I experienced the
sim licit of livin in nature that I would otherwise onl be able to read about. I see a lot of beaut in the订
sense of sharing and conceq1 for each other."
答案详解
12. Why did James Copeland want to study the C)【精析】细节辨认题。 短文中提到，对于科普兰来
American Indian tribe Tarahumaras? 说，进入塔拉胡马拉斯人的世界是一件辛苦的
A) 【精析】目的原因题。 短文开头提到，当詹姆 (laborious)事。 从得克萨斯州的休斯顿出发，他
斯·科普兰发现对于塔拉胡马拉斯这一美国印第 要开两天半的车才能抵达。
安部落的语言几乎没有任何研究时，他便萌发了 15. What impresses James Copeland about the
要对其进行研究的想法。 Tarahumaras tribe?
13. How did Gonzalez help James Copeland? B)【精析】细节辨认题。 短文中提到，对科普兰来说，
D)【精析】细节辨认题。 短文中指出，在冈萨雷斯答 这段经历不仅在学术上令人满意，而且在许多方
应帮助科普兰之后，他充当了中间人的角色，还带 面丰富了他的生活。 短文最后引用了他的原话，
眷科普兰去了塔拉胡马拉斯村。 他说他切身体验到了生活在自然中的简单，否则
14. What does the speaker say about James 他只能在书本中读到，他还从人们相互分享彼此
Copeland's trip to the Tarahumaras village? 关心中感受到了很多美好。 选项中的 sense of
六级 2020年 36sharing and caring是录音中 sense of sharing and concern for each other的同义转述。
Section C
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
What is a radical? Tt seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the
label attached to them. (16) Accusin individuals or rou s of bein radical often serves to silence them into
submission, thereb maintainin the existin state of affairs, and, more important, preserving the power of a
select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society.
Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women's movement has been plagued by
stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media and accusations of man-hating and radicalism, when the basic
foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life. When faced with a threat
of being labelled radical, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own
oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the
stigma attached to the word. lf people refuse to be controlled and inti血dated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all
their power. Without fear on which they feed, such stigmas can only d记
Cl7)To me, a radical is sim l someone who rebels a ainst the norm while advocates a chan e in the
existing state of affairs. On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and
therefore is not a constant entity. So why then is deviation from the present situation such a threat when the
state of affa订s itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? Tt all goes back to maintaining the
power of those who have it and preventing the rights of those who don't. (18) In fact, when we look at the
word "radical" in a historical context, nearl ever fi ure we now hold u as a hero was considered a radical in
扣s or her time. Radicals are eo le who effect chan e. They are the people about whom history is written.
Abolitionists were radicals; civil rights activists were radicals; even the founders of our country in their fight to
win independence from England were radicals. Their presence in扣story has changed the way our society
functions, mainly by sh让ting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals
who've made a negative impact on humanity. But undeniably, there would simply be no progress without
radicals. That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
答案详解
16. What usually happens when people are accused of 18. What does the speaker think of most radicals in
being radical? the American history?
A)【穑析】细节辨认题。 讲座开头处提到，指责个人 C)【精析】细节推断题。 讲座后半部分提到了讲话者
或团体激进往往会使他们保待沉默并屈服，从而 对美国历史上激进分子的看法，他说，当我们在历
维持现状。 史背景下看 “ 激进分子 ” 这个词的时候，几乎每一
17. What is the speaker's definition of a radical?
个被我们视为英雄的人在他或她所处的时代都被
D)【精析】细节推断题。 讲座中讲话者明确提到，对
认为是激进分子。 他们是引起变革的人。 也就是
他而言，激进分子就是那种反对常规，同时主张改
说，讲话者认为，历史上的那些激进分子是推动社
变现状的人。 也就是说，讲话者认为，激进分子是
会进步的动力。
反抗现有籵会秩序的人。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
09-l)We are ver susce tible to the influence of the eo le around us. For instance, you may have known
somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so, and has returned with an accent, perhaps. We become part
六级 2020年 37of our immediate environment. 09-2)None of us are immune to the influences of our own world. And let us
not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at
a factory. Fred takes his IO-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half an hour. Fred says,
"What's the matter with you guys?" Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred
takes his half hour. Fred is saying, "If you can't beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the
next guy?"
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes takmg
place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we
realise that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people and we learn to criticize.
Mix with happy people and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want
from life and then choose our company accordingly. You may well say, "That is going to take some effort. It
may not be comfortable. I may offend some of my present company." Right! But it is your life. Fred may say,
"I'm always broke, frequently depressed. I'm going nowhere and I never do anything exciting." Then we
discovered that Fred's best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life
was more exciting. This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgement to Fred. (20)However,
1f Fred ever wants to im rove his ualit of life, the first thin he'll need to do is•reco nise what has been oin
on all these years. It's no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend the订
lives around sick people. (21)P s chiatrists have a hi her incidence of suicide in their profession for related
reasons. Traditionally, nine out of ten children whose parents smoke沁moke themselves. Obesity is in part an
environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends. And so the story goes on ...
答案详解
19. What does the speaker say about us as human 朋友生活困窘，经常情绪低落，没有目标，希望生
beings? 活别总这么无聊，这也导致弗雷德有相同的感觉。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。 讲座开头提到，我们很容易 接下来，讲话者说，弗雷德要想改善自己的生活，
受到周围人的影响，之后又提到，我们没有人可以
首先要做的就是弄明白这些年都发生了什么。 也
免受外部世界的影响。
就是说，他需要先弄明白是身边的人对自己产生
20. What does the speaker say Fred should do first to
了负面的影响。
improve his quality of life?
21. What does the speaker say about psychiatrists?
D)【精析】细节归纳题。 讲座中先提到弗雷德的同
A)【精析】细节推断题。 讲座最后提到，由于经常接
事和朋友的状态对他的影响：他的同事丁作懒散，
— 触病人，医生的健康状况不佳。 接下来又说，同
休息时间长， 段时间下来，弗雷德也慢慢变得和
理，精神科医生自杀的发生率也较高。
他们一样，认为自己没必要比其他人更努力；他的
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
(22)V irtuall ever American can reco nize a dollar bill at a mere lance. Man can identif it b its
sound or texture. But few eo le indeed can accurate! describe the world's most owerful, im ortant
currency.
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other. (23) The exact
com osition of the a er and ink is a close] - arded overnment secret. Despite its weighty importance, the
dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 b仆ls to tip the scales at a pound. Not only is the dollar
bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months
The word "dollar" is taken from the German word "thaler," the name for the world's most important
currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V,
Emperor of Germany.
六级2020年 38The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency.
(24) When the Constitution was si ned, peo le had little re ard for a er mone because of its steadil
decreasin value durin the colonial era. Because of this lack of faith, the new American overnment minted
only coins for common currency. Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose
was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of
1812. The first noninterest-bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862, at the height of the
Civil War. At this point, citizens'old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed and the dollar bill was born.
The new green colored paper money quickly earned the nickname "greenback."
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal
Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately two billion
切lls in circulation at all times. (25) Controvers continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill.
American histor has seen enerations of oliticians ar ue in favor of a old standard for American currenc .
However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The
only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as a confirmation in the form of government
secunt1es.
答案详解
22. What does the speaker say about the American only coins for common currency?
dollar bill? A)【精析】目的原因题。 讲座中提到，宪法刚刚签署
B)【精析】细节推断题。 讲座升头指出，几乎所有的 时，殖民时期的纸币不断贬值导致人们不重视纸
美国人一眼就能认出美元，很多人通过它的声音
币，正因为民众的这种不信任，当时的新美国政府
和质地就能辨认出来，但几乎没有人能够准确地
只铸造硬币作为通用货币。
描述这种世界上最强大、最重要的货币。 也就是
25. What have generations of American politicians
说很少有人能准确地描述它。
argued for?
23. What does the speaker say about the exact
C)【精析】细节辨认题。 讲座临近结束时提到，关于
composition of the American dollar bill?
美钞真实价值的争议一直在继续。 在美国历史
C)【精析】细节辨认题。 讲座中提到，美钞的一面是
上，几代政治家都支持美国货币的金本位制。 录
黑色恩水，另一面是绿色墨水，纸张和恩水的确切
“ “
音中的 意为 金本位 ，即金本位制，
成分是政府严格保守的秘密。 gold standard
就是以黄金为本位币的货币制度。
24. Why did the new American government mint
Part ][ Reading Comprehension
Section A
【结构框图】
--------------------------------------------------------------
。！第1段简述了男女在寻找失败借口方面存在的差异及心理原因。
，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
本文主要介绍了 ：
�-:--e:， 第2、3段介绍一种自我妨碍行为， 解释其背后的心理原因， 并介绍了相关的 '
有关寻找借口的
， 案例。
--------------------------------------------------------------
心理研究发现。
, --------------------------------------------------------------
�
'--0: 第4段分析这种行为的利弊。
六级2020年 39【词性分析】
名 词：A) contrary相反的事实（或事情、情况）； B) f心gue疲劳，劳累； G) legacies遗产；遗留的间题；
T) momentum动力，势头； K) potential潜力，可能性；L) realms领域，范围； N) ruin毁坏，破坏
动 词： D) heaving (用力）拉，举，抬； E) hospitalized送（某人）住院治疗； F) labeled贴标签于，用标签标明；
H) mastering精通，掌握； J) obsessed使痴迷，使迷恋； N) ruin毁坏，毁掉
形容词：A) contrary相反的，矛盾的； D) heaving拥挤的，热闹的； J) obsessed (对…...)着迷的； K) potential
潜在的，可能的； M) reciprocal相互的，互惠的
副 词：C) heavily很多地，大屈地； 0) viciously凶残地，恶毒地
答案详解
26.【 考点】名词辨析题。 均是不可数名词，可知空格处也应埮入这类名词
L)【语法判断】空格位于介词短语 in all 表示并列。
中，因此空格处需要填入名词复数形式。 【语义判断】由破折号前的 handicap可知，这里埴
【语义判断】空格前一 句提到，男性比女性更容易 入的名词应该和 drinking、depression一样表示某
找借口，可见这里是对男性和女性进行比较，而空 种障碍，在备选的单数或不可数名词中只有
格所在 句的后半旬指出，女性只担心那些自己投 B) fatigue"疲劳，劳累 ” 符合上下文语义，故为本
入 的技能。 由空格后的while可推知，男 题答案。
性悄况与女性情况相对，此处是指男性希望在所 30.【 考点】语义推断 题。
有领域都显得有能力，由此确定名词L) realms E)【语法判断】分析旬子结构可知，空格所在旬主语
“ 领域，范削 ” 为本题答案。 备选的另一复数名词 为A n advertising executive谓语为 put it this
G) legacies表示 “ 遗产；遗留的问题 ” ，与此处语义 way, 可知该 句 旬子成分完整。 for
不符，故排除。 depression shortly after winning an award作后置
27.【 考点】副词辨析题。 定语修饰 executive,故此处可以填入形容词或动
C)【语法判断】空格位于 inwhich引导的定语从旬 词的分词形式，且能与for搭配。
）
中，该定语从旬 旬子结构完整，故空格处应填入副 【语义判断】介词 for之后的 depression是某种病
词，修饰谓语动词。 “ ”
症，可推断空格填入的词应与诊断，治疗 等有
【语义判断】本句大意是，女性只担心那些自己投 关。 动词E) hospitalized "送（某人）住院治疗 ” 为
入 的技能。 备选副词中只有C) heavily
动词的过去分词且符合文义，故为答案。
“ “
很多地，大械地 可与invested搭配，说明其程
31.【 考点】语义推断 题。
度，由此确定 答 案 为 C)。 另 一备 选 副 词
J) 【语法判断】空格所在 旬 旬子结构完整，those在 旬
0) viciously"凶残地，恶毒地 “ 不能与invested搭
中作表语， with success作后置定语修饰
配，故排除。
those, 可以填入形容词或动词的分词形式。
28.【 考点】动词辨析题。
【语义判断】空格后一 句指出，这样的人害怕在 任
H)【语法判断】分析句子结构可知，won for
何事情L 失败，可知这样的人十分仵意
a sk山是Praise的后置定语，在该过去分词短语
成功，可填入J) obsessed " (对……）着迷的",表示
中，空格前面是介词 for,后面是名词短语 a skill, “ “
那些对成功十分痴迷的人 ，符合文义，故J)为
因此需要坦入动名词作介词的宾语，并与a skill
答案。
构成动宾结构。
32.【 考点】动词辨析题。
【语义判断】空格所在旬提到，因为 一项
F)【语法判断】本旬谓语为 be afraid of doing sth结
技能而赢得的赞誉会使人突然陷入可能会失去一
构， 旬中 doing形式为 being , 可知空格
切的境地，备选动名词中H) mastering"精通，掌
握 “ 可与skill搭配，意为 “ 革握一项技能 ” ，由此确 处应该坦入动词的过去分词形式，构成被动结构。
“ 【语义判断】备选的动词过去分词形式中，只剩下
定H)为本题答案。 备选动名词 heaving意为 （用
”
力）拉，举，抬
”
，与旬意不符，故排除。
F) labeled"贴标签于，用标签标明 ，填入后本旬
“
29.【 考点】名词辨析题。 的意思是 这样的人害怕在任何事情上被贴上失
＂
B)【语法判断】空格所在部分作捅入语，而空格前后 败的标签 ，符合文义，因此F)为答案。
六级2020年 4033【考点】名词辨析题。 【语义判断】本句意为：从长远来看，制造借口的人
N)【语法判断】空格前面是介词to,因此空格处需要 无法发挥他们真正的 。 巾此可以判断应
”
填入名词或动名词。 该填入K) potential"潜力，可能性 。 其余备选名
【语义判断】空格所在旬意为：尽管自我妨碍有时 词选项埂入后，旬意均不通顺，故排除。
可能是应对行为焦虑的一种有效方法，但最终，这 35【考点】名词辨析题。
会导致 。 前后分句之间是转折关系，可 A)【语法判断】空格前是介词to 和定冠词the,可知
知该名词表示负面含义，在所给名词和动名词中， 空格处应该填入名词。
”
N)r uin"毁坏，破坏 表示负面含义，且与此处旬意 【语义判断】本旬中的despite 表示转折含义，而逗
相符，故为答案。 号后旬子主干部分提到，这只能怪他们自己。 回
34【考点】名词辨析题。 顾义中讲到的痴迷于成功的人给自己寻找借口的
“
K)【语法判断】空格前面是形容词性物主代词their 行为，可知他们的做法与 失败只能怪自己的观
和形容词true,可知此处应该填入名词或动名词， 点 ” 是相反的，因此本题答案为A)contrary"相反
作介词to 的宾语。 的事实（或事情、情况） ” 。
全文翻译
总的来说，男性比女性更容易找借口。 几项研究显示，男性觉得需要在各个领域都表现得很有能力，
而女性只担心那些自己投入较多的技能。 请一位男士和一位女士去第一次潜水，女士很可能会跳入水
中，而男士可能会说自己感觉不太舒服。
具有讽刺意味的是，往往是成功让人们与失败纠缠不清。 因为掌握了一项技能而腺得的赞誉会使人
突然陷入可能会失去一切的境地。 许多成功人士没有再次拿自己的名誉来冒险，而是患上了酗酒、疲劳、
抑郁等障碍，这使得他们无论未来如何，都能保持自己的地位。 一位广告主管在获奖不久后就因抑郁住
“ ｀ ＇ ”
院，他这样说： 没有抑郁症，我现在就是个失败者；有了抑郁症，我就只是 暂缓 成功。
事实上，最有可能长期找借口的人是那些痴迷于成功的人。 这样的人害怕在任何事情上被贴上失败
的标签，以至于他们不断地制造出这样或那样的障碍来为失败辩解。
研究人员说，尽管自我妨碍有时可能是应对行为焦虑的一种有效方法，但最终，它会导致失败。 从长
远来看，制造借口的人无法发挥他们真正的潜力，失去了自己非常关心的地位。 尽管他们的抗议与此相
反，但这只能怪他们自己。
Section B
【文章来源】本文选自210 6年11月29日刊登在www . npr . org (美国国家公共电台官网）上一篇标题为
"6 Potential Brain Benefits Of B山ngual Education"(《双语教育对大脑的六个潜在益处》）的文章。
【结构框图】
广一。， 、 段引出话题， 介绍时下流行的双语教学理论及实践。
A) B)
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
-------------------------------------------------------------
,� -e:I C)—E)段回顾历史， 说明过去 “ 英语优先 ” 的教学理念是错误的， 以反证双 '
本文主要介绍了 ， 语教育的合理性。
关千双语教育对
头脑益处的研究。 — 段分别从执行功能、 脑部发展、 阅读能力、 文化认同等多个方面说明 '
: F) 0)
f-一。｝ 双语教育的优越性。
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－，
！ ， 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一
�-0: P)段反驳研究界对双语教育提出的质疑， 强调双语教育必然是有益而无害的。：
六级220 年0 41答案详解
36.【 定位】由题干中的s皿ilar changes in brain 40.【 定位】由题干中的Ethnically and economically
structure、bilingual from birth禾仆start learning a balanced和social and cultural diversity定位到
second language later定位到文章H)段第一句和 文章M)段第三、四旬。
第四句。 M)【精析】同义转述题。 定位旬提到，双语 教室往往
H)【精析】同义转述题。 H)段第一句提出问题：对 在种族和经济上更加平衡，而这有助于不同背景
于从幼儿园开始而不是从婴儿时期开始学习第二． 的孩子适应多样性和不同文化。 题于中的to be
语言的孩子来说，这些优势是否有好处呢？随后 helpful for对应定位旬中的helps,题干中的get
第四句指出，一项针对 青少年的脑部成像研究显 used to是对定位旬中 gain comfort with的同义
示，与出生时就使用双语的青少年相比，他们的大 转述，故答案为M)。
脑结构发生了类似的变化。 题干中的s皿ilar 41【 定位】由题干中的flawed定位到 E)段第一、
changes in brain structure和bilingual from birth 二旬。
与原文相同，题干中的start learning a second E)【精析】同义转述题。 定位旬提到，坚持 “ 英语优先 ”
language later 是 对原义中 小dn't begin 的一些看法建立在几十年前的研究基础上，如今的
practicing a second language in earnest before 学者们，如多伦多约克 大学的埃伦·比亚里斯托克，
late childhood的同义转述，故答案为H)。 则认为这项 研究存在 “ 严重缺陷 ” 。 题干中的
37.【定位】 由题干中的 traditional monolingual earlier research 对 应 定 位 旬 中 的 research
programs、 bilingual classrooms 和 by middle produced decades ago, 题干中的seriously flawed
school定位到C)段。 对应定位句中的deeply flawed, 故答案为 E)。
C) 【精析】细节归纳题。 定位段首句提到，传统的英 42.【 定位】由题干中的a lifelong influence和brain
语学习者课程，注重尽快让学生釉入英语语境。 定位到文章B)段第一句。
随后一旬指出，双语教室与之不 同，其目标是在中学 B) 【精析】同义转述题。 定位旬提到， 研究人员多次
阶段让所有学生获得功能性双语和双语读写能力。 发现， “ 双语是一种终生塑造我们 大 脑的经历 ” 。
题干是对定位段内容的归纳总结，故答案为C)。 题干中的dual-language experiences对应定位旬
38.【 定位】由题干中的dual-language students、the订 中的bilingualism is an experience, 题干中的
peers和reading English texts定位到文草J)段第 exert a lifelong influence on one's brain是对定位
二旬。 旬中 shapes our brain for life的同义转述，故答案
J) 【精析】同义转述题。 定位旬提到，美国大学的 为B)。
詹妮弗·斯蒂尔进行了一项为期四年的随机试 43. 【定位】由题干中的positive effects定位到文章
验，发现这些双语学生到中学毕业时在 英语阅读 P)段第一旬。
能力上比 同龄人要超前整整一学年。 题干中的 P) 【精析】细节归纳题。 定位旬指出，一项对去年发
山d significantly better 是 对 定 位 旬 中 表的研究的综述发现，在83%已发表的研究中，
outperformed的同义转述，故答案为J)。 并没有出现认知优势，不过另一项单独的分析显
39. 【定位】由 题 干 中 的 twenty years ago 和 示，总体效果仍然非常积极。 题干中的produces
California定位到文章D)段第一句。 positive effects是对定位旬中 the sum of effects
D)【精析】细节归纳题。 定位句提到，这一趋势与 was still significantly positive的归纳概括，题干
20年前的一些文化战背道而驰，当时倡导者坚持 中的they may be limited是对定位旬中 cognitive
“ 英语优先 ” 的教育。 可知 20年前的教育理念是 advantages failed to appear in 83 percent of
“ ”
英语优先 ， 不 提倡双语 教学，特别是 在 published studies的归纳概括，故答案为P)。
加利福尼亚州。 题干中的b山ngual practice was 44. 【定位】由题干中的do better than monolinguals
strongly discouraged是对定位句中The trend 和concentrate better定位到文章G)段。
flies in the face of the culture wars和"English G) 【精析】同义转述题。 定位段提到，说两种语言的
first" education这两处信息的概括总结，故答案 人在执行功能的一般测试中往往优于单语者。 双
为D)。 语者可以集中注意力不受干扰，还能提高从一个
六级2020年 42任务转换到另－个任务的能力。 题干中的 N)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，在双语教育
Bilingual speakers often do better than 中，不是以英语为主的学生及其家庭往往感到自
monolinguals 是对定位段中People who speak 己的母语被倾听并受到重视，而在英语为主的教
two languages often outperform monolinguals的 室中，母语被拒之门外。 这样可以提高学生的归
同义转述，题干中的concentratebetter是对定位 属感，增加家长对 孩子教育的参与度。 题干中的
段 中 pay focused attention without being native language 对应定位句中的 their home
distracted的同义转述，故答案为G)。 language, 题 T 中的become more involved 是对
45【. 定位】由题干中的 native language、parents 和 定位旬中increase parents' involvement in their
involved定位到文章N)段第一、二旬。 children's education的同义转述，故答案为N)。
参考译文
双语教育对大脑的六大潜在益处
A) 大脑，大脑，大脑。 人们被大脑研究迷住了。 然而，很难指出我们的教育系统在哪些地方真正利用了
最新的神经科学研究成果。 不过，研究与实践之间有一个可喜的联系：双语教育。 加州大学河滨分
“ ”
校的朱迪思· 克罗尔教授说： 在过去20年左右的时间内，双语研究实际上呈爆炸式增长。
B ) (42)研究人员一次又一次地发现，“双语是一种终生塑造我们大脑的经历。 ” 哈佛大学教育研究生院
副教授陆琪琪也如是说。 与此同时，公立学校最热门的趋向之一就是通常所说的双语或双向沉浸式
课程。
C) (37)传统的英语学习者课程，义称ELLs,注重尽快让学生融入英语语境。 相比之下，双语教室为英
语母语者和英语学习者提供跨学科教学，既使用英语，也使用目标语言。 其目标是在中学阶段让所
有学生获得功能性双语和双语读写能力。 纽约市、北卡罗来纳州、特拉华州、犹他州、俄勒冈州和华
盛顿州都在推广双语教室。
D) (39)这一趋势与 20年前的一些文化战背道而驰，当时倡导者坚持 “ 英语优先 ” 的教育。 其中最著名的
事件是，加州在 1998年通过了 227号提案。 它旨在大幅减少英语学习者在双语环境中所花费的时
间。 加州选民11月8日通过的 58号提案在很大程度上推翻了这一决定，为拥有最多的英语学习者
的加州大力推广双语教育铺平了道路。
“ ”
E) (41)坚持 英语优先 的一些看法建立在几十年前的研究基础上，在此项研究中，双语学生的表现不
如英语单语学生，智商值也较低。 如今的学者们，如多伦多约克大学的埃伦· 比亚里斯托克，则认为
“ ”
这项研究存在 严重缺陷 。 “早期的研究着眼于社会弱势群体，“苏格兰爱丁堡大学的安东妮拉· 索
“ ”
雷斯也同意这一说法。 最近的研究比较了更相似的群体， 这与最近的研究完全相反 。
F) 那么，最近的研究如何看待双语教育的潜在益处呢？事实证明，在很多方面，说两种语言的真正诀窍
“
在于在特定的时刻不讲其中一种语言 这基本上是集中注意力的技巧。 和妈妈用英语说 再见",
“ ”
然后跟老师用德语说 早安 ，或者设法用西班牙语而不是用英语要一个红色蜡笔，这需要一种叫作
“ ” “ ”
抑制 和 任务转换 的技能。 这些技能是一种被称为执行功能的能力的子集。
G) (44)说两种语言的人在执行功能的一般测试中往往优于单语者。 “ 双语者可以集中注意力不受干
扰，还能提高从一个任务转换到另一个任务的能力，“索雷斯说。
H) (36-1)对于从幼儿同开始而不是从婴儿时期开始学习第二语言的孩子来说，这些优势是否有好处呢？
我们尚不知道。 语言学习和语言使用的模式是复杂的。(36-2)但哈佛大学的陆琪琪引用了至少一项
针对青少年的脑部成像研究，该研究显示，与出生时就使用双语的青少年相比，他们的大脑结构发生
了类似的变化，即使他们在儿童期的晚期之前并没有认真地练习第二语言。
I) 在双语环境下成长的幼儿必须遵循着社会线索去确定在什么场合和哪个人使用哪种语言。 索雷斯
说，其结果是，年仅3岁的双语儿猷在换位思考和心智推理测试中就表现出领先优势 这两种能
力都是基本的社交和情感技能。
六级2020年 43J) 在俄勒冈州波特兰市的公立学校，约有 10%的学生被抽签分配到除英语外，还开设西班牙语、日语或
汉语的双语教室。(38)美同大学的詹妮弗·斯蒂尔进行了一项为期四年的随机试验，发现这些双语学
生到中学毕业时在英语阅读能力上比同龄人要超前整整一学年。 因为这种影响是在阅读中发现的，而
不是在数学或科学领域，数学或科学之间几乎没有什么区别，斯蒂尔表示学习两种语言可以使学生更
清晰地从整体上了解语言是如何运作的。
K)哈佛大学陆琪琪的研究提供了略微不同的解释。 她最近对马萨诸塞州100名四年级学生进行了一项
小型研究，这些学生在一项标准测试中阅读成绩相似，但语言经历却截然不同。 有些人以外语为主，有
些人以英语为母语。 这就是有趣的地方。 在外语方面占优势的学生还不能自如地掌握双语，他们才刚
刚开始学英语。 因此，理论上讲，他们的英语词汇要比母语者弱得多。 然而，他们同样擅长解读文章。
“ ”
这非常令人惊讶，“陆说，“你本以为阅读理解的表现能反映词汇址 这可是理斛的基础。
L)外语占优势的学习者是如何取得这一成绩的？陆发现，他们在执行功能测试中的得分也更高。 因此，
尽管他们没有庞大的心理词典可供借鉴，但他们可能是很好的猜谜者，能考虑到更高层次的概念，比如
一个旬子在整个故事情节中是否有意义。 他们通过不同的途径得到了和单语者相同的结果。
M)美国公立学校的研级整体上因种族和阶级而分隔开来。 双语项目可能是个例外。(4 0)因为他们是由
英语母语者和故意混入的新移民构成的，他们在种族和经济上更趋于平衡。 并且有证据表明，这有助
千不同背景的孩子适应多样性和不同文化。
N)( 54 )几位研究人员还指出，在双语教育中，不是以英语为主的学生及其家庭往往感到自己的母语被倾
听并受到重视，而在英语为主的教室中，母语被拒之门外。 这样可以提高学生的归属感，增加家长对孩
“
子教育的参与度，包括给孩子读书等行为。 许多家长担心他们的语言会成为障碍和问题，如果他们放
“
弃这种语言，他们的孩子会更好地融入社会，“爱丁堡大学的安东妮拉·索雷斯说， 我们告诉他们放弃
”
自己的语言并不是在帮孩子的忙。
0)在与所有这些研究人员交谈时，一个引人注目的主题就是他们多么强烈地提倡双语课堂。 托马斯和
科利尔为许多学校体系提供了如何推广双语课程的建议，索雷斯运作着 “ 双语事务 ” ，这是一个由研究
“
人员组成的国际网络，负责推动双语教育项目。 科学家们的这种支持是非同寻常的，因为 双语优势假
“
说 正再度受到挑战，所以这种支撑更不寻常。
P)( 43)一项对去年发表的研究的综述发现，在 83%已发表的研究中，并没有出现认知优势，不过另一项
单独的分析显示，总体效果仍然非常积极。 研究人员提出的一种可能的解释是，当测试处于认知能力
顶峰的年轻人时，在非常年幼和非常年老的人身上可以衡噩到的优势往往会消失。 而且，他们反驳说，
没有发现双语教育的任何负面影响b 所以，即使益处再小，也还是值得的。 更不用说还有一个显而易
“ ”
见的突出事实： 双语儿猷会说两种语言！
Section C
Passage One
【文章来源】本文选自 2019年5月6日刊登在The Guardian( 《卫报》）上的一篇标题为"The Guardian view on
the obesity crisis: ideological posturing will not help" (《＜卫报＞对肥胖危机的看法：意识形态的装腔作势无济
于事》）的文章。
【结构框图】
-, -e:＇ 第1、2段指出英国的肥胖问题严重， 简要分析了难以解决这个问题的原因， 随 ＇
i '、后介绍了利兹的一个政府干预项目 “ 亨利 ” 计划及其取得的成效。
--------------------------------------------------------- ----
本文主要阐述了 --------------------------------------------------------------
卜 。
对于政府公共卫 ＿， 一 ， 第3、4段分析了政府干预背后的利益博弈： 一方面政府于预可能会影响某些商'
生干预的看法。 ＇ ，、- 业 -- 利 -- 益 -- ， -- 另 -- 一 - 方 -- 面 -- 为 -- 了 - 社 -- 会 -- 平 -- 等 -- ， - 政 -- 府 -- 不 -- 得 - 不 -- 进 -- 行 -- 干 -- 预 - 。 -------------------'
--------------------------------------------------------------
-, -e:
第5段总结陈述作者的观点， 强调政府干预的合理性和必要性。
,
、------------------------------------------ -
----- --- ----- -
六级 2020年 44答案详解
46.【 定位】巾题干中的 obesity和Britain并结合题文 【避错】 原文未提及A)"他们没有意识到肥胖的后
同序原则定位到首段第六旬。 果 ” 和 D)"他们在反对政府监管方面有自己的动
B)【精析】推理判断题。 定位句指出，没有人会质疑 机",故排除。 C)是根据第三段第一句中的
肥胖人群的生活质进成本和大扭消耗的医疗预 uncomfortable设置的干扰项，原旬是说许多国会
算，但寻求解决方案的努力被有关责任和选择的
议员对政府的减肥战略感到焦虑，但这是他们的
意识形态争论转移了。 由此可见，关于解决肥胖
感受，并不是作者对他们的看法，故排除。
问题究竟应该是什么人承担什么责任，还是存在
49.【 定位】由题干中的 the relationship between poor
争议的，故答案为B)"对于谁该做什么，人们意见
health and inequality定位到第四段第一旬。
不一”
。
D)【精析】推理判断题。 定位句指出，健康状况不佳
”
【避错】A)"政府的卫生预算已经耗尽 是根据定
与不平等之间的关系太明显了，以至各国政府无
位旬中的 depleted health budgets设置的干扰项，
法对大规梑干预采取消极态度。 接下来的两旬详
定位旬提到这是被明确提出的问题，大掀消耗医
细论述了健康权益的不平等是结构性间题，政府
疗预算是没有争议的，可见它不是困难所在，故排
应该十预。 第五段第一句也印证了这个观点。 结
除A)。 首段中没有提到个人和政府的责任问题，
” 合本文对肥胖问题干预的探讨可知，D)"证明政府
故排除C)"个人没有做好承担责任的准备 。
”
” 干预解决肥胖间题的正当性 符合文义，故为
D)"行业游说使得人们很难买到健康食品 是根据
首段最后一旬中的 lobbying和 industries设置的 答案。
【避错】 本文论述的不是贫困问题，囚此A)"展示
十扰项，该句指出那些从诱发肥胖的产品消费中
”
生活在贫困地区的人们的困境 与主题无关，故排
获利的行业的游说让形势更加混乱，但不能由此
推知是它们让人们难以买到健康食品，D)为过度 除。 第四段并没有介绍肥胖的原因，且文章主题
推断，故排除。 在于如何解决肥胖问题，而非寻找原因，故排除
“
47.【 定位】由题干中的 the past experience定位到第 B)"揭示英国普遍肥胖的根本原因 。 文单虽然涉
二段第一旬。 及贫困地区，但是没提到这是最应受到公众关注
A)【精析】推理判断题。 定位旬提到，历史先例表明， 的区域，故排除C)"突出最值得公众关注的区
科学和政治可以克服来自释放污染和有毒物质的 域” 。
企业的阻力。 再结合上下文可知，此处作者所说 50.【 定位】 由题干中的 government action和 effective
的政治，就是来自政府的作用，故答案为A)"政府 定位到最后一段第二旬。
”
可以发挥作用 。
C)【精析】细节辨认题。 定位句指出，当个人受到激
【避错】B)"公共卫生是一个科学问题 ” 具有一定
励作出回应时，政府行动才会发挥作用。 由此可
的迷惑性，定位旬确实提到了科学，但结合全文内
见，政府行动要想产生效力，必须是个人有动机做
容可知，本文重点关注的是政府干预，故排除B)。
出相应的行为，故答案为C)"当个人有作出相应
C)"应优先考虑贫困地区 ” 是根据第二段第三旬中
”
行为的动机时 。
“
的 deprived areas设置的干扰项，本旬只是说 亨
【避错】最后一段第一句虽然提到应该抛弃关于公
”
利 计划最好的结果出现在年龄较小的儿痲中和
共卫生干预的两极分化的争论，但从旬间的逻辑
贫困地区，并未提到是否优先贫困地区，故排除。
关系判断，这并不是政府行动生效的条件，故排除
“
原文中没有提及 D)"应该强调企业的责任 ，故
A)"当两极分化的争论被抛弃的时候 ” 。 最后一段
排除。
最后一旬指出，左翼或右翼的意识形态都不能想
48【定位】巾题干中的 critics of bans and taxes定位
出解决肥胖危机的办法，可见意识形态间题不是
到第三段第二旬。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。 定位句指出，禁令和税收可 政府行动生效的关键，故排除B)"当意识形态分
”
能是生硬的手段，但对其严加指责的批评者却很 歧得到解决时 。 D)"当私菩部门意识到危机的严
少能提出更好的方法。 可以看出批评者在反对现 重性时 “ 是根据最后一段最后－旬中 private
有政策之余，并不能提出建设性意见，故B)"他们 sector设詈的干扰项，这不是政府行动生效的条
“
没有提出任何更具建设性的意见 为答案。 件，而是强调私营部门需要政府的监管，故排除。
六级2020年 45全文翻译
毫无疑问，不健康的饮食会导致不健康。关于健康饮食的基本要素也亳无争议。肥胖增加了罹患癌
症的概率，而英国是世界上第六大肥胖国家。那是公共卫生紧急事件。但提出问题是简单的。(46)没有
人会质疑肥胖人群的生活质呈成本和大蓝消耗的医疗预算，但寻求解决方案的努力被有关责任和选择的
意识形态争论转移了。而那些从诱发肥胖的产品消费中获利的行业的游说让形势更加混乱。
(47)历史先例表明，科学和政治可以克服来自释放污染和有毒物质的企业的阻力，但这需要时间，而
且成功往往是从小事开始的。因此，当我们注意到利兹市的一个项目减少了儿童肥胖率，成为英国第一
个扭转肥胖趋势的城市时，我们感到很振奋。最好的结果出现在年龄较小的儿意中和贫困地区。在2岁
至15岁的英国儿童中肥胖率达到28%的情况下，如果全国范围内能达到利兹市这种程度的转变，那将延
长成于上万人的寿命。利兹市经验的一个重要因素似乎是一个名为 “ 亨利 ” 的计划，该计划帮助父舟奖励
“ ”
那些防止儿童肥胖的行为。许多国会议员甚至对自己政府的反肥胖战略感到焦虑，因为这涉及 糖税 和
禁止向16岁以下的儿童出售能屈饮料。(48)禁令和税收可能是生硬的手段，但对其严加指责的批评者却
很少能提出更好的方法。这些批评者只是反对监管本身。
(491- )健康状况不佳与不平等之间的关系太明显了，以至各国政府无法对大规模干预采取消极态度。
生活在最贫困地区的人死于可避免原因的可能性是生活在富裕地区的人的四倍。随着公共卫生问题的
结构性特征越来越难以忽视，对政府过度保护的抱怨也失去了影响力。
(492- )事实上，关于公共卫牛干预的两极分化的争论早就应该被抛弃了。(50)当个人受到激励作出
“ ”
回应时，政府行动才会发挥作用。个人需要政府扩大获得良好选择的渠道。 亨利 计划部分是通过儿童
中心实施的。关闭这些中心和削减议会预算并不能神奇地增加个人自力更生的力量。精心设计的国家
干预的作用不是剥夺人们的自由，而是建设社会能力和基础设施，帮助人们为自己的健康承担责任。左
翼或右翼的意识形态都不能想出韶决肥胖危机的办法 但经验表明，私营部门在开始认真对待突发公
共卫生事件之前，需要监管的激励。
Passage Two
【文章来源】本文选自2011 年11月29日刊登在Naiure(《自然》）上的一篇标题为"Australia's Marine Pal ns
questioned"( 《澳大利亚的海洋计划遭到质疑》）的义草。
【结构框图】
' 、
,
广I 一。' 第1、2段总体介绍了珊瑚海及相关保护计划的背景。 :
、-----------------------------------------------------------
—
本文主要阐述了由澳 - e: ， 第3 5段介绍了这一计划遭到的批评，科学界认为政府的保护措施做得还 ＇
1
大利亚提出的珊瑚海 ， 不够。
、-----------------------------------------------------------,'
海洋保护区计划所引
， 、
发的相关争议。 :--e : 第6段指出有部分学者对政府的这一计划持肯定态度。 1
_
1
----------------------------------------------------------
＇ ：第7、8段介绍科学界对澳大利亚政府的一系列海洋保护措施所提出的批评 '
,_
- 1
C
: 意见。
、一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一夕，
答案详解
51.【 定位】由题干中的the Coral Sea定位到第一段 行比较，因此排除B)"它是最大的海洋保护区 ” 。
首旬。 由后文可知，珊瑚海要建立保护区就是为了减少
A)【精析】推理判断题。定位旬指出，珊瑚海是原始 人类行为的破坏，C)"它基本上不受人类干扰 ” 与
珊瑚礁、稀有鲨鱼和大董奇异鱼类的家囥，是澳大 文意相悖，故排除。D)"它是濒危物种的独特避难
“
利亚东北部海岸生物多样性的独特港湾，显然这 所 是根据定位句中的加ev n设置的干扰项，但文
里的海洋生物非常丰富，故答案为A)"它的海洋 章并没有说到濒危物种，故排除D)。
生物非常丰富 ” 。 52.【 定位】由题干中的TonyBurke定位到第二段第
【避错】文章并没有对珊瑚海和其他海洋保护区进 二旬。
六级2020年 46D)【精析】 推理判断题。定位句提到，环境部长 证明政府机构和其他组织为了解这片广袤地区的
托尼·伯克最近公布的这项提议将是溃大利亚沿 生态价值所付出的巨大努力，可知有多方为保护
海一系列海洋保护区计划中的最后一项。 由此可 这一海洋栖息地面进行了共同的、巨大的努力，故
以推知，溃大利亚政府打算完成一系列的海洋保 答案为D)"这是一次保护该范围内的海洋栖息地
”
护区，故答案为D)"完成海岸周围的一系列海洋 的巨大的共同努力 。
”
保护区 。 【避错】A)"它可以与英国政府在印度洋的努力相
【避错】 原文没有提到珊瑚海保护区以前有过提 ”
提并论 是根据第四段中提到的英国政府去年在
“ ”
案，因此 新建议 的说法无从谈起，故排除A)"提
印度洋建立的世界上现存的最大的海洋保护区设
”
出保护珊瑚海的新建议 。 文中没有提到澳大利
置的干扰项，但文中并没有将珊瑚海计划与之相
亚政府打算完成保护区的计划是为了回应对珊瑚
比较，故排除。 B)"这将促使世界上最大的海洋保
海保护区的批评意见，故排除B)"因批评而修改
” 护区建立 “ 是根据第一段第二句中的the world's
保护计划 。 文中未提及C)"升级现有的保护区
” largest marine protected area 设置的干扰项，但
以保护海洋生物 ，故排除。
53.【 定位】由题干中的scientists' argument和the 这不是罗宾· 比曼的观点，故排除。 罗宾· 比曼
Coral Sea proposal定位到第三段。 并没有谈到渔业的可持续性问题，因此排除C)
A)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段指出，这一计划遭到 “
这将确保沿海渔业的可持续性
”
。
了科学家和保护组织的批评，他们认为政府在保 55【定位】由题干中的critics和the Coral Sea plan
护珊瑚海或沿海网络中的其他海洋保护区方面做
定位到文章最后一段。
得还不够。 可见科学家 们之所以批评珊瑚海保护
C)【精析】细节辨认题。 最后一段提到，西南保护区
计划，是因为他们觉得政府在海洋保护方面做得
为那些商业机会最少、对环境儿乎没有威胁的近
还不够，故答案为A)"政府在海洋保护方面做得
” 海地区提供了最大的保护，对珊瑚海计划的争议
还不够 。
也大致如此。 由此可知，他们认为珊瑚海计划所
【避错】B)"它不会改善澳大利亚沿海的海洋资
源
”
是对政府保护措施的完全否定，不能等同于科
保护的也是一些几乎无需保护的区域，故答案为
学家们认为政府做得不够的观点，故排除。 文中 C)"它所保护的实际上是那些几乎不需要保护的
未提及是否应该在提案之前征求意见和是否进行 地区 ” 。
了充分的调查，故排除C)"政府在起草提案时没
【避错】虽然批评人士对珊瑚悔保护区的实际效果
“
有征求他们的意见和D)"它没有建立在对生态
提出质疑，但并没有说这项计划弊大于利，故排除
“
系统进行充分调查的基础上 。
”
A)"它对环境弊大千利 。 文章并没有提到珊瑚海
54【定位】由题十中的Robin Beaman定位到第六段
计划是否 会影响渔业的发展，或者是否 能赢得环
第二、三旬。
保组织的支持，故排除B)"这将对溃大利亚的渔
D)【精析】细节辨认题。定位旬提到，詹姆斯·库克
”
业产生不利影响和D)"它不会羸得环保组织的
大学的海洋地质学家 罗宾· 比曼认为保护区确实
“
广泛地保护了这片海洋中的各种栖息地，并可以 支持 。
参考译文
(51)珊瑚海是原始珊瑚礁、稀有鲨鱼和大讯奇异鱼类的家园，是澳大利亚东北部海岸生物多样性的独
特港湾。 如果澳大利亚政府的一项提案获得通过，该地区还将成为世界上最大的海洋保护区，限制或禁
止捕鱼 、采矿和海洋养殖。
珊瑚海保护区将覆盖近99万平方千米，并延伸至距海岸1,1 00千米的地方。 C52)环境部长
托尼·伯克最近公布的这项提议将是溃大利亚沿询一系列海洋保护区计划中的最后一项。
(53)但这一计划遭到了科学家和保护组织的批评，他们认为政府在保护珊瑚海或沿海网络中的其他
海洋保护区方面做得还不够。
昆士兰大学环境决策优化中心主任休·波辛厄姆指出，珊瑚海保护区只有一半多一点的区域被提议
“ ”
为 禁捕 区，禁止所有捕鱼 活动。 英国政府去年在印度洋建立了世界上现存最大的海洋保护区，面积达到
55.4万平方千米，完全是一个 禁捕区。 一个由活动对话团体组成的联盟认为，更多的珊瑚海区域应该受
到这种程度的保护。
六级 2020年 47“ 我希栩看到更多的珊瑚礁保护措施， “ 昆士兰詹奶斯·库克大学珊瑚礁研究优化中心 t 任特里·休斯
表示， “ 其中20多座珊瑚礁会在禁捕区之外，很容易受到捕捞放生活动的影响。 ”
在《自然》杂志付印之际，溃大利亚政府没有回应对该计划的具体批评。(54)但是詹姆斯·库克大学
” ” “
的海洋地质学家罗宾·比曼说，该保护区确实 广泛地保护了这片海洋中的各种栖息地 。 我可以证明政
”
府机构和其他组织付出了巨大努力，试图了韶这片广袤地区的生态价值。 他说。
今年早些时候提出的澳大利亚西南部和西北部沿海地区保护区也因未能充分保护栖息地而受到批
“ ” “
评。 今年 月， 名海洋科学家签署了一封致政府的公开信，称他们 非常关注 不是以保护区的 核心
8 173
”
科学原则 为基础的对西南地区的提议 例如，他们说，受保护的区域不代表该地区的所有栖息地。
(55)批评人士说，西南保护区为那些商业机会最少、对环境几乎没有威胁的近海地区提供了最大的保
护，对珊瑚海计划的争议也大致如此。
Part N Translation
�
参考译文与难点注释
第一旬较长，但是句式结构简单，由两个简单旬构成，两者之间是递进关
Journey to the West is 1
”
系。 因此，可以翻译为 连接的并列成分。 是……中最具影响力的
probably the most influential one and
一部 ” 可以像参考译文一样翻译为
is the most influential one of.
..。
of the four great classical novels of
“ ”
四大经典小说 的常用表达为
the four great classical novels,
考生在备
Chinese literature and certainly
考时要注意积累类似的表达。
the best known abroad. The novel “
第二句的旬式较复杂，需要先理清句子结构。 该句的主干为 这部小说
2
gives a depiction of the arduous 描绘了……艰难历程 ” ，可以翻译为
The novel gives a depiction of the
journey of Hsuan-tsang, a famous arduous journey of ...。 ” 描绘 “ 可以翻译为动词 portray 、 depict 、
monk accompanied by his three describe
等也可以翻译为这些动词对应的名词构成的动词短语
give/
” ”
等。 著名僧侣 可以处理
followers making across the make a portrayal/ depiction/ description of
“ ” ” ”
为 玄英 的同位语， 在……的陪同下 的常用表达为
accompanied
western region of China to India
by
. ..'因此 “ 在三个随从的陪同下 “ 可以翻译为
accompanied by his
for Buddhist scriptures. Although “ ”
。 穿越中国西部地区前往印度取经 可以翻译为现在分
three followers
the theme of the story is based on “ ”
词短语作宾语 玄樊 的补足语。
Buddhism, the novel employs 第三旬中， “ 虽然…… “ 可以翻译为 引导的让步状语
3 although或though
“
numerous Chinese folk tales and 从旬。 "A 基千 B" 的常用表达是 A is based on B, 故 故事的主题基于佛
教 ” 可以翻译为 。 “创造了
myths, creating a variety of vivid the theme of the story is based on Buddhism
“ “
各种栩相如牛的人物和动物形象 可以处理为现在分词短语。 栩栩如
images of characters and animals.
“
生的 翻译为 即可。
vivid
Among the images, the most
最后一句中，可将 “ 最著名的是孙悟空 “ 处理为主旬，将 “ 他……的故事几
4
famous one is the Monkey King, ” “ “
乎为……所熟知 处理为非限制性定语从旬。 专有名词 孙悟空 应译为
whose stories of fighting against ” ” “ ”
the Monkey King
。 与各种各样妖陇作斗争的 是 故事 的限定词，可
vanous demons are almost 以处理为介词短语作后置定语，即
stories of fighting against various
well-known to every Chinese kid. demons 。
话题词汇
传说 民族文化
legend national culture
disciple
门徒追随者
mythological novel
神话小说
mythology
神话
Buddhist temple
佛寺
寓言 超自然力扯，神通
fable supernatural power
六级2020年 48
