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绝密★启用前
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英 语 （一 ）
（科目代码：201）
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考生编号
考生姓名2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) fbr each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as cca bodily exercise precious
to health?9 But ] some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence
on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart
and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard
laughter is difficult to 4 . a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way,
say, walking or jogging does.
6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter
apparently accomplishes the 7 . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that
laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone fbr up to 45 minutes after the laugh
dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological
stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10
feedback that improve an individual9 s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of
emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the
end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad
when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow
15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988 social psychologist
s
Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a
pen either with their teeth- thereby creating an artificial smile- or with their lips, which
would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles
18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were
contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just
the other way around. 20 the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
2011年英语（一）试题第1页共14页1. [A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like
2. [A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce
3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining
4. [A] transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe
5. [A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable
6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief
7. [A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected
8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxes
9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance
10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal
11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] AS fbr
12. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D] at
13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if [D] because
14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] suppresses
15. [A] into [B] from [C] towards [D] beyond
16. [A] fetch [B] bite [C] pick [D] hold
17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent
18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted
19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing
20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similarly [D] Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
2011年英语（一）试题第2 页共14页Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music
director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden
announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been
favorable, to say the least.etHooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided
classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that
Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's
appointment in the Times, calls him “ an unpretentious musician with no air of the
formidable conductor about As a description of the next music director of an
orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,
that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.
To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not
necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting
orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shel£ or boot up my computer and
download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live
performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving
public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance
troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of
the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available
everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live
performances; moreover, they can be ccconsumed99 at a time and place of the listener's
choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis
in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music
that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely
noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of
turning the Philharmonic into " a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But
what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestral repertoire
will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first
change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it
hopes to attract.
2011年英语（一）试题第3 页共14页21. We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert9 s appointment has
[A] incurred criticism.
[B] raised suspicion.
[C] received acclaim.
[D] aroused curiosity.
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A] influential.
[B] modest.
[C] respectable.
[D] talented.
23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A] ignore the expenses of live performances.
[B] reject most kinds of recorded performances.
[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances.
[D] overestimate the value of live performances.
24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.
[C] They help improve the quality of music.
[D] They have only covered masterpieces.
25. Regarding Gilbert's role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels
[A] doubtful.
[B] enthusiastic.
[C] confident.
[D] puzzled.
2011年英语（一）试题第4 页共14页Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his
explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague
excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving ccto pursue my goal of running a
company." Broadcasting his ambition was 66very much my decision,“ McGee says.
Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial
Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what
kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world
about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at
Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking fbr a CEO
post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,
executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business
environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud
their reputations.
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing
to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from
a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum
Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position to look fbr a better one is unconventional. For
years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO
candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis
Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to
look at sitting CEOs first.55
Those who jumped without a job haven,t always landed in top positions quickly.
Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It
was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.
Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took
that post at a major financial institution three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading fbr top performers. The financial
crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "The
traditional rule was ifs safer to stay where you are, but thafs been fundamentally
inverted/5 says one headhunter. "The people who5ve been hurt the worst are those
who've stayed too long.”
2011年英语（一）试题第5 页共14页26. When McGee announced his departure, his maimer can best be described as being
[A] arrogant.
[B] frank.
[C] self-centered.
[D] impulsive.
27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives5 quitting may be spurred by
[A] their expectation of better financial status.
[B] their need to reflect on their private life.
[C] their strained relations with the boards.
[D] their pursuit of new career goals.
28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means
[A] approved o£
[B] attended to.
[C] hunted for.
[D] guarded against.
29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] top performers used to cling to their posts.
[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.
[C] top performers care more about reputations.
ED] it's safer to stick to the traditional rules.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A] CEOs: Where to Go?
[B] CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C] Top Managers Jump without a Net
[D] The Only Way Out fbr Top Performers
2011年英语（一）试题第6 页共14页Text 3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.
No longer. While traditional “paid" media- such as television commercials and print
advertisements一still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative
forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create cc earned55 media by
willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by
sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.
The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that
marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.
For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users9 responses. But in some
cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media—fbr instance,
when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media
as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or
e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its
infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels
and will no doubt go fiirther. Johnson & Johnson, fbr example, has created BabyCenter,
a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive
products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site
seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the
appeal of other companies5 marketing, and may help expand user traffic fbr all
companies concerned.
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more
(and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate
consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging
ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign
becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative
allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, fbr instance, are
learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally
created them.
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott
products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the
company5 s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtfill, and the learning curve
has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall
crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media
response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites
such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
2011年英语（一）试题第7 页共14页31 . Consumers may create “earned“ media when they are
[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.
[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
32 .According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature
[A] a safe business environment.
[B] random competition.
[C] strong user traffic.
[D] flexibility in organization.
33 .The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.
34 .Toyota Motor9s experience is cited as an example of
[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.
35 .Which of the following is the text mainly about?
[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.
[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
[C] Dominance of hijacked media.
[D] Popularity of owned media.
2011年英语（一）试题第8 页共14页Text 4
It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior5s insightful, provocative magazine cover story,
“I love My Children, I Hate My Life/9 is arousing much chatter- nothing gets people
talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fillfilling,
life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either
happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking
of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider
being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising
kids can be soul-cmshingly hard, Senior writes that ccthe very things that in the moment
dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.,,
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the
only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about
newly adoptive 一 and newly single 一 mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual
''Jennifer Aniston is pregnant55 news. Practically every week features at least one
celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that
admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten
killing? It doesn,t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets
of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn5t have
had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the
single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result
of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and
People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like
Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless
couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much
work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,
raising a kid on their "own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just
because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a
baby is not a haircut. But it5s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of
stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way
contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that
a small part of us hoped getting ccthe Rachel“ might make us look just a little bit like
Jennifer Aniston.
2011年英语（一）试题第9 页共14页36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
[A] temporary delight.
[B] enjoyment in progress.
[C] happiness in retrospect.
[D] lasting reward.
37. We learn from Paragraph 2 that
[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
[D] having children is highly valued by the public.
38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
[A] are constantly exposed to criticism.
[B] are largely ignored by the media.
[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life.
39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
[A] soothing.
[B] ambiguous.
[C] compensatory.
[D] misleading.
40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
[C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
2011年英语（一）试题第10页 共 14页PartB
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are
required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list
A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been
correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the
humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and
a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in
the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students
in English drop out before getting their degrees.
[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and
so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college
graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in
English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates
to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should
possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “ general educationshould
look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, tcthe great books are read because they
have been read” they form a sort of social glue.
[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships fbr which
they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly
because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students
want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's
degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer
teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students
leave the profession to do something fbr which they have not been trained.
[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across
the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and
professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many
2011年英语（一）试题第11页 共 14页students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard
undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers
must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional
qualification.
[E] Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American
universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money fbr
academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold
between 1960 and 1990, but feculty teaching hours fell by half as research took
its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a
prerequisite fbr a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American
professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation,
argues Mr Menand, is that "the knowledge and skills needed fbr a particular
specialisation are transmissible but not transferable." So disciplines acquire a
monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the
production of the producers of knowledge.
[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way
in which 6tthe producers of knowledge are produced.59 Otherwise, academics will
continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies
which they study, investigate and criticise. ''Academic inquiry, at least in some
fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic?5 Yet quite how
that happens, Mr Menand does not say.
[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and
Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of
applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For
something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis
Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.
| G | T 41. I —I 42. I —I E I —I 43. | 44. |孑45. |
2011年英语（一）试题第12页 共 14页PartC
Directions:
Read the following text carefiilly and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
With its theme that“ Mind is the master weaver/9 creating our inner character and
outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinketh by James Allen is an in-depth
exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
(46) Alien's contribution was to take an assumption we all share- that because we
are not robots we therefore control our thoughts — and reveal its erroneous nature.
Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can
be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another.
However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the
conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through
the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually fkced with a question: "Why
cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord
with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are.”
Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you
don't "get" success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.
Part of the fame of Allen5 s book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make
a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need,
and a rationalization of exploitation^ of the superiority of those at the top and the
inferiority of those at the bottom.
This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of
circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances
always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have
progressed. In fact, (49) circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us”
and if we fbel that we have been ’Svronged“ then we are unlikely to begin a conscious
effort to escape fix)m our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person's
early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.
The sobering aspect of Allen5 s book is that we have no one else to blame for our
present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in
knowing that everything is up to us; where befbre we were experts in the array of
limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
2011年英语（一）试题第13页 共 14页Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons fbr your recommendation.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming99 instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
PartB
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,
you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
旅程之“余”
2011年英语（一）试题第14页 共 14页
