ARTICLE · 1006716
高考英语长难句day1-day10
1.You will discover that our focus has broadened to include well-researched,timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields.
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句子结构
主句：You will discover
宾语从句：that our focus has broadened to include well‑researched,timely and informative articles on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields.
that 引导宾语从句，作 discover 的宾语。
逐层拆分
主句：You will discover 你将会发现
从句主干：our focus has broadened 我们的关注范围已经扩大
不定式作结果状语：to include … articles 从而涵盖…… 各类文章
三个并列形容词修饰 articles：
well‑researched 经过充分调研的；timely 时效性强的；informative 内容丰富的
介词短语 on + 一系列名词 后置修饰 articles：关于…… 领域的（文章）
on finance, home improvement, travel, humor, and many other fields
关于金融、家装、旅行、幽默以及诸多其他领域
语法要点
broaden v. 扩大，拓宽；broaden to do 扩大到（做）……
多个形容词并列修饰名词：well‑researched, timely and informative 共同修饰 articles
on + 领域名词：介词 on 此处表示 “关于”，后置修饰前面的 articles。
✨中文翻译
你会发现，我们的关注范围已经有所拓展，收录了大量经过深度调研、时效性强且内容详实的文章，涵盖金融、家装、旅行、幽默以及诸多其他领域。
2.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas.
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句子结构
主句：The real reason is ...
表语从句：that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas.
that 引导表语从句，说明 "真正的原因" 的具体内容。
逐层拆分
主句：The real reason is ... 真正的原因是……
定语从句：why I ask students to leave technology at the door（修饰 reason）
why 为关系副词，引导定语从句；ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
leave technology at the door 把科技（产品）留在门外（引申：暂时放下电子设备）
表语从句：that I think there are very few places ...
宾语从句：I think (that) there are ... 我认为几乎没有什么地方
there be 句型：there are very few places 几乎没有几个地方
定语从句：in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas（修饰 places）
介词 + 关系代词：in which = where，引导定语从句后置修饰 places
have deep conversations 进行深入交谈
engage complex ideas 深入探讨复杂的思想
语法要点
the reason why ... is that ...：reason 后接 why 引导的定语从句，主句用 is + that 表语从句，构成 "原因 + 结果" 的典型结构
多重从句嵌套：定语从句（why）→ 表语从句（that）→ 宾语从句（that 省略）→ 定语从句（in which）
in which 相当于 where，为定语从句中介词前置的高级用法
ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事；engage 此处作及物动词，意为 "深入参与 / 应对"
✨中文翻译
我要求学生把科技产品放在门外的真正原因是，我认为几乎没有什么地方能让我们进行深入的交谈，真正探讨复杂的思想了。
3.In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.
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句子结构
并列句：and 连接两个并列分句
分句 1：In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped
分句 2：in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management
逐层拆分
分句 1：
地点状语：In much of the West 在西方大部分地区
主句：some of the railroad sections were developed 一些铁路区段得到了开发
were developed 为被动语态（sections 与 develop 为被动关系）
对比状语从句：while others remained undeveloped 而另一些仍然未开发
while 引导对比状语从句，表示 "而、然而"，与主句形成对照
remained 为系动词，后接形容词 undeveloped 作表语
分句 2：
状语：in both cases 在这两种情况下
主句：the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management
has presented 为现在完成时，表示 "已经构成 / 带来"（动作影响持续到现在）
present sth. to sth. 向…… 提出 / 构成……
语法要点
while 作对比连词：连接两个语义相反的成分，译为 "而 / 然而"，是并列句中的高频考点
and 连接两个并列分句：分句间为递进 / 补充关系，共同说明一个话题
被动语态：were developed，主语与动作之间是被动关系
现在完成时：has presented，强调 "已经" 带来的持续影响
系动词 + 形容词：remained undeveloped（remain 后接形容词作表语）
present challenges to sth. 对…… 构成挑战（present 此处作及物动词，意为 "呈现、带来"）
✨中文翻译
在西方的大部分地区，一些铁路区段得到了开发，而另一些则仍处于未开发状态，在这两种情况下，土地所有权都给土地管理带来了独特的挑战。
4.In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
🔍长难句拆解
句子结构
主句：students discover ...
介词短语作状语：In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations
宾语从句：discover 后接三个并列的宾语从句（由逗号和 and 连接）
逐层拆分
状语部分：In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations
In addition to + 动名词 learning：除了学习…… 之外（介词 to 后接动名词）
宾语从句（特殊疑问词 + 不定式）：how to perform various mathematical operations 如何进行各种数学运算
主句：students discover ... 学生们会发现……
三个并列的宾语从句，共同作 discover 的宾语：
宾语从句 1：why these operations work 这些运算为什么有效
宾语从句 2：how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics 某个特定的数学主题与其他数学分支之间有何关联
宾语从句 3：how these operations can be used practically 这些运算如何能在实际中应用（含被动语态 can be used）
语法要点
In addition to + 名词 / 动名词：意为 "除了…… 之外（还）"，to 是介词，后接 doing
特殊疑问词 + 不定式：how to perform ... 相当于一个宾语从句的简化形式，作 learning 的宾语
多个宾语从句并列：why /how/how 引导的从句并列作 discover 的宾语，形成 "总分" 式列举
relate to sth. 与…… 相关 / 关联
被动语态：can be used 能被使用
✨中文翻译
除了学习如何进行各种数学运算之外，学生们还会发现这些运算之所以有效的原因、某个特定的数学主题与其他数学分支之间的关联，以及这些运算在实际中的用法。
5.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.
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**句子结构**
- 主句：Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones
- 目的状语：so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students
- 主句内含 and 连接的两个并列谓语
**逐层拆分**
- 主语：Basic Math 基础数学
- 并列谓语1：starts from the relatively easier concepts 从相对容易的概念开始
- the + 比较级：the relatively easier 相对较容易的（此处并非"最……"，而是"较为……的"）
- 并列谓语2：gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones 逐步过渡到较难的内容
- ones 为代词，指代前面的 concepts（避免重复）
- the more troublesome 较为棘手的、较难的
- 目的状语：so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students
- so as to + 动词原形：以便、为了（表目的，相当于 in order to）
- allow for + 名词：使……成为可能、顾及
- 后置定语：understanding of the material by students 学生对教材的理解（of 引出对象，by 引出施动者）
**语法要点**
- 并列谓语：start from ... and move on to ... 两个动词短语用 and 连接，共同描述一个过程
- 比较级不比较：the relatively easier / the more troublesome 中"the + 比较级"并非最高级，而是表示"较为……的那一类"
- ones 替代复数名词：ones 指代前文的 concepts，避免名词重复
- so as to do sth. 表目的：相当于 in order to do sth.，多用于正式书面语
- allow for sth. 使……成为可能/考虑到
- 名词化结构：understanding of ... by ...（of 表对象、by 表施动者），使表达更简洁正式
✨中文翻译
基础数学从相对容易的概念讲起，逐步过渡到较为复杂的内容，以便学生能够循序渐进、扎实牢固地掌握所学材料。
6.In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.
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**句子结构**
- 主句：the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress
- 状语：In both cases
- 句中含两个比较结构（more ... than / less ... than）及一个定语从句
**逐层拆分**
- 状语：In both cases 在这两种情况下
- 主语：the stressed participants 处于压力下的参与者
- stressed 为过去分词作定语，意为"承受压力的"
- 谓语：remembered 记得、记住
- 宾语1 + 程度比较：the rewarded material **more accurately** 对受奖励的内容记得**更准确**
- rewarded 为过去分词作定语，意为"受到奖励的"
- 宾语2 + 程度比较：the punished material **less accurately** 对受惩罚的内容记得**较不准确**
- punished 为过去分词作定语，意为"受到惩罚的"
- 比较对象：than those who hadn't gone through the stress 比起那些没有经历过压力的人
- those 为代词，指代 participants（避免重复）
- 定语从句：who hadn't gone through the stress 修饰 those
- go through 经历、经受；hadn't gone 为过去完成时
**语法要点**
- 两个比较级并列：more accurately 与 less accurately 分别修饰两个宾语，构成"对A记得更准、对B记得更差"的对比
- more/less ... than ...：比较结构，than 后为比较对象
- those 替代复数名词：those 指代前文的 participants，后接 who 引导的定语从句
- 过去分词作前置定语：stressed / rewarded / punished，均表被动含义，使表达精炼
- 过去完成时：hadn't gone through 表"（在对比的时间点之前）没有经历过"，强调时间先后
- go through 经历/经受（固定短语）
✨中文翻译
在这两种情况下，承受压力的参与者对受到奖励的内容记得更准确，而对受到惩罚的内容记得却不如那些没有经历过压力的人准确。
7.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men:they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
🔍长难句拆解
**句子结构**
- 主句：This tendency might also help explain ...
- 宾语从句：why women are less likely to become addicted than men
- 冒号后的补充说明分句：they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction
- 主句内含不定式后置定语和时间状语从句
**逐层拆分**
- 主句：This tendency might also help explain ... 这种倾向或许也有助于解释……
- 不定式作后置定语：to slow down and become more cautious（修饰 tendency，说明"是怎样的倾向"）
- slow down 放慢速度；become more cautious 变得更加谨慎
- 时间状语从句：when decisions are risky 当决策有风险时
- help (to) do sth. 有助于做某事（help 后不定式可省略 to）
- 宾语从句：why women are less likely to become addicted than men 为什么女性比男性更不容易上瘾
- be less likely to do sth. 更不太可能做某事（比较结构 less ... than ...）
- 冒号后的补充说明：they may more often avoid making the risky choices ...
- 冒号表示对前文的解释/展开说明
- avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
- 定语从句：that eventually harden into addiction 修饰 the risky choices
- harden into 固化成、发展成
**语法要点**
- tendency to do sth. 做某事的倾向（不定式作后置定语）
- 不定式短语作后置定语：to slow down and become more cautious 使"倾向"的具体内容清晰
- when 引导时间状语从句：说明该倾向发生的条件
- help (to) do sth.：help 后接不定式，to 常省略
- be likely to do sth. 与比较级：less likely ... than ... 构成"更不太可能……"
- 冒号的解释功能：冒号后对前文原因作进一步展开说明
- avoid doing sth.：避免做某事（后接动名词）
- 定语从句：that eventually harden into addiction 修饰 risky choices，作"终将固化成瘾"的限定
✨中文翻译
这种在决策存在风险时放慢脚步、变得更加谨慎的倾向，或许也有助于解释为什么女性比男性更不容易上瘾：她们往往会更多地避开那些最终会固化成瘾的风险选择。
8.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
🔍长难句拆解
**句子结构**
- 主句：The frequency mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection
- 定语从句：with which it is borrowed（修饰 The frequency）
- 冒号后的解释部分：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved
**逐层拆分**
- 主句：The frequency mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection
- 主语：The frequency 这种（被借用的）频率
- 谓语：mirrors 反映、折射（此处作动词，意为"如实反映"）
- 宾语：a heated debate on environmental protection 一场关于环境保护的激烈争论
- heated 激烈的；on 关于（表话题）
- 定语从句：with which it is borrowed
- 介词 + 关系代词：with which = with the frequency（以这种频率），修饰主语 The frequency
- it 指代前文提到的某个词语/概念（即"被借用的那个词"）
- is borrowed 为被动语态（it 与 borrow 之间是被动关系）
- 冒号后的解释部分：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved
- 冒号对"争论"的具体内容作展开说明
- whether to place ... 是否将……置于（whether + 不定式作名词性短语）
- at the heart of 在……的核心位置
- 名词性从句：what is to be preserved 应被保护的内容（作介词 of 的宾语）
- is to be preserved 表"应当/有待被保护"（be to do 表应然，含被动意义）
**语法要点**
- 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句：with which 相当于 with + 先行词 frequency，是定语从句中介词前置的高级书面用法
- mirror 作动词：意为"反映、映照"，与 reflect 近义，更具形象性
- heated debate：激烈的争论（heated 为形容词化了的过去分词）
- whether + 不定式：whether to do sth. 是否做某事，可作名词成分使用
- be to do 结构：is to be preserved 表"应被……/有待……"，含被动与应然含义
- what 名词性从句：what is to be preserved 作介词 of 的宾语，指"应受保护的内容"
- 冒号的解释功能：冒号后具体说明前文"争论"的焦点所在
✨中文翻译
这一词汇被借用的频率，恰恰反映出一场围绕环境保护的激烈争论：是否应当将荒野置于应受保护内容的核心位置。
9.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
🔍长难句拆解
**句子结构**
- 主语从句：What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world（what 引导的名词性从句作主语）
- 主句：obviously deserves much more serious thinking
**逐层拆分**
- 主语从句：What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world
- 连接词：What position 何种地位（"what + 名词"引导名词性从句，疑问词前移）
- 从句主干：wilderness should enjoy 荒野应当享有
- 介词短语：in the preservation of the world 在世界（自然）保护之中
- 状语：obviously 显然地（副词作状语，修饰整句）
- 谓语：deserves 值得、应得
- 宾语：much more serious thinking 更多、更为严肃认真的思考
- much 修饰比较级 more，加强程度；serious thinking 严肃的思考
**语法要点**
- what + 名词引导主语从句：What position ... 相当于"荒野应享有的地位（这件事）"，整体作主语，谓语动词用单数
- 主语从句的结构：疑问词 what 提前 + 正常语序（wilderness should enjoy ...），主句谓语随从句整体保持单三形式
- deserve sth. 值得、配得上某物（此处接名词短语作宾语）
- much 修饰比较级：much more 表"多得多的"，起强调作用
- obviously 作评注性状语：表达说话人对整个命题的态度（"显然"）
✨中文翻译
荒野在世界（自然）保护中应当享有何种地位，这一问题显然值得更多、更为严肃认真的思考。
10.With over one million satisfied customers around the world, the new EP heats better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.
🔍长难句拆解
**句子结构**
- 介词短语作状语：With over one million satisfied customers around the world
- 主句：the new EP heats better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent
- 主句内含三个并列谓语（由逗号和 and 连接）
**逐层拆分**
- 状语：With over one million satisfied customers around the world
- With + 名词短语：意为"拥有……/凭借……"（此处表依托、凭借，也可理解为方式/背景状语）
- satisfied customers 满意的客户（satisfied 为过去分词作定语）
- around the world 遍布世界各地（介词短语作后置定语，修饰 customers）
- 主语：the new EP 新款 EP（根据语境，EP 应为某款电加热/热泵类产品）
- 并列谓语1：heats better and faster 加热效果更好、速度更快
- 双比较级并列：better and faster（and 连接两个比较级）
- 并列谓语2：saves more on heating bills 在取暖费用上节省更多
- save more on sth. 在某方面节省更多
- 并列谓语3：runs almost silent 运行几乎无声
- run 此处为系动词用法，后接形容词 silent 作表语（run + adj. 处于……状态）
- almost silent 几乎无声的
**语法要点**
- With + 名词短语作状语：表"拥有/凭借/在……的情况下"，是广告类书面语中的常见开场结构
- 三个并列谓语：heats / saves / runs 由逗号和 and 连接，共同描述产品优势，构成排比式列举
- 比较级连用：better and faster 表"既更好又更快"，增强效果
- run + 形容词：run 作系动词，意为"处于……状态/运转得……"（如 run silent 几乎无声地运转）
- 主谓一致：the new EP 为单数主语，谓语动词用三单形式（heats / saves / runs）
- save on sth. 在某方面节省（固定搭配）
✨中文翻译
凭借全球超过一百万满意的客户，这款新型EP（电热泵）加热效果更好、速度更快，在取暖开支上节省更多，而且运行时几乎无声。