ARTICLE · 1007522
初中英语语法每日一讲|指示代词详解
初中英语语法每日一讲|指示代词详解大家好,欢迎来到初中英语语法每日一讲。代词是初中英语词法板块的重点,而指示代词是中考单选、完形、情景对话里的高频考点。 很多同学分不清this/that/these/those,还容易混淆that/those用来指代前文事物的用法,今天我们一次性梳理清楚指示代词全部考点,扫清易错陷阱。指示代词,顾名思义,就是用来指示、标明人或事物的代词,指明“这个、那个、这些、那些”,在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语,是连接上下文、表达距离远近的基础词汇。 初中阶段核心就是四个基础词:this,that,these,those。一、基础含义与距离区分1. this(单数)这个;these(复数)这些指代离说话人近的人或物。- This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。(笔在我手边,距离近)- These books are new. 这些书是新的。小提示:this 搭配单数名词,these后面必须接可数名词复数。2. that(单数)那个;those(复数)那些指代离说话人远的人或物。- That is a big tree over there. 那边那是一棵大树。- Those girls are my classmates. 那些女孩是我的同学。除了空间远近,还有时间远近的用法,这是很多同学容易忽略的考点: this 可以指代当下、现在的时间;that指代过去较远的时间。 例:this morning 今天早上(说话时还是上午,近);that day 那天(过去某一天,距离现在远)。二、句型重点:介绍人物的固定句式电话用语、当面介绍他人,是中考情景交际必考。 ✅ This is… 用来介绍人,翻译:这是……This is my English teacher, Ms. Li. 这是我的英语老师李老师。❌ 易错坑:介绍别人,不能说 He is… / She is…(当面介绍习惯用This is)✅ 电话专用句型:This is… (speaking). 我是……(打电话自我介绍)Is that… (speaking)? 你是……吗?(电话询问对方)口诀:电话里,this代表我,that代表你,千万不要用I am / Are you。三、难点:that / those 替代前文名词,避免重复这是中考语法难点,单选和阅读理解经常考。当上文已经出现名词,下文为了不重复,用that或those代替:- that 代替单数可数名词 / 不可数名词 The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Beijing.广东的天气比北京(的天气)热。that代替不可数名词the weather。 - those 代替可数名词复数 The cars here are better than those in that city.这里的车比那座城市的(车)更好。those代替复数名词the cars。易错辨析:this/these不能用来替代上文提到的名词,只有that/those可以。四、指示代词作主语,主谓一致指示代词单独作主语时,要看代词本身单复数:- This is a dog. ✔(this单数,用is)- These are dogs. ✔(these复数,用are)- That is an apple. ✔- Those are oranges. ✔易错陷阱:问句What’s this? / What’s that? 回答必须用It is…,不能重复this/that。 —What’s that?—It’s a kite. ✔❌ That is a kite.同理:What are these/those? 回答要用They are…—What are those?—They are tomatoes. ✔五、常见易错题总结1. this 不可以指代前面整件事情;that可以指代上文提到的一件事。 He broke the window. That made his mum angry.他打碎了窗户,这件事让妈妈很生气。that指代前面整件事。 2. 不要混淆these和those的读音与拼写,考试拼写题经常在这里丢分。this→these(近,复数);that→those(远,复数)。六、练习题一、单项选择1. —What’s ______ over there?—It’s a cat.A. this B. that C. these 2. This ______ my sister. ______ are my friends.A. is; This B. is; Those C. are; Those 3. —Hello! ______ is Tom speaking. Is ______ Amy?A. This; that B. That; this C. This; this 4. The population of China is larger than ______ of Japan.A. that B. those C. this 5. —What are these?—______ bananas.A. These are B. They are C. Those are二、用this/that/these/those填空1. ______ is a map on the desk.(近处) 2. Look at ______ boys under the tree.(远处复数) 3. The bikes here are newer than ______ in the countryside.三、改错(划出错误并改正)1. —What’s this? —This is a ruler. 2. That are some beautiful flowers.参考答案一、单选:1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B二、填空:1.This 2.those 3.those三、改错1. This → It2. That → Those