ARTICLE · 1020980
高考英语重点语法——定语从句——知识清单
定语从句是高中阶段语法填空必考点，也是每篇文章中都不可避免会出现的句型，更是我们写作时可以用上的亮点句型。这份清单全面地总结了定从的常考点；掌握这个知识点，不仅能让我们稳拿语法填空中的1-2分，也能帮助我们理解文章、提升写作。
清单内有添加往年高考真题，文末有对应答案，帮助大家检测。有不懂的地方，可以随时在评论区留言。
定语从句知识清单
在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句由关系词引导。关系词分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose、as等)和关系副词(when、where、why)两类。关系词既起着连接从句和主句的作用，又代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的语法成分，如主语、宾语、定语和状语等。
考点一关系代词★★★★(8年14考)
关系代词 | 先行词 | 句法功能 |
that | 人或物 | 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 |
which | 物 | 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 |
who | 人 | 主语、宾语 |
whom | 人 | 宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略) |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 |
as | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
1. that既可指物，相当于which，又可指人，相当于who(主语或宾语)/whom(宾语)，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
He's the man that/who lives next door to us. (作主语，指人)
他就是住在我们隔壁的人。
This is the place (that/which) he can live in. (作宾语，指物)
这是一个他能居住的地方。
注意：当that作宾语且介词提到其前面时，不用that，指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom。
This is the place in which he can live. 这是一个他能居住的地方。
The man with whom I talked is my teacher.和我交谈的那个人是我的老师。
2. which用于限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句中，指物或主句的(部分)内容，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时常可省略，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略。
He likes to read books which/that are written by foreign writers. (作主语，指物)
Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry. (作主语，指代句子)
注意：在限制性定语从句中，which可用that代替。
This is the place which he can live in. = This is the place that he can live in.
☆☆关系代词that与which的用法区别☆☆
1. 只用that不用which的情况
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing、none、the one等时。
Do you have anything (that) you want to say for yourself?
(2) 当先行词被the only、the very、any、few、little、no、all等词修饰时。
The only thing (that) we can do is give you some money.
(3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting film (that) I've ever seen.
(4) 当先行词是序数词或先行词的前面有序数词修饰时。
What is the first American film (that) you have seen?
(5) 当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the persons and things (that) they are talking about?
(6) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the girl that is crying?
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1) which可引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句的部分内容，that则不能。
He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry. (指代前面句子)
(2) 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。
This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live.
3. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
The man (who/that/whom)you met just now is my brother.
注意：在限制性定从中who作主语时，可用that代替；作宾语时，可用that/whom代替。
Do you know the girl who/that lives in the house?
4. whom指人，是who的宾格，在定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语。
The girl (who/that/whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
The man with whom she was travelling was her boyfriend.
注意：
(1)在限制性定语从句中whom作宾语时，可用that或who代替。
(2) who/whom/that在从句中作动词宾语时，常可省略。
The boy (who/whom/that) I mentioned is his son.
(3)在限制性定语从句中，介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom。
The engineer with whom my father works is about 50 years old.
5. whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。
This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country. (指人)
He lives in a room whose window faces north. (指物)
注意：whose通常可用“the＋n.＋of which或of which＋the＋n.”替换
以上句子可以替换成：
He lives in a room, the window of which/of which the window faces north.
6. 关系代词as引导的定语从句
(1) as引导限制性定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，既可以指人，也可以指物，常用于the same...as、such...as、so...as等结构中。
He is such a man as is always ready to help others.
They have never read so many books as I read last year.
注意：
① the same...as表示相似或同类的东西；the same...that表示同一人或物。
This is the same book as he lent me last week.
This is the same book that he lent me last week.
② such/so...as(定语从句)意为“像……那样……”等，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；such/so...that(结果状语从句)意为“如此……以至于”，that在从句中不作成分。
The old man is so hard-working a gardener as quite a few gardens want to hire as a worker.
The old man is so hard-working a gardener/such a hard-working gardener that quite a few gardens want to hire him as aworker.
(2) as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，正像”，修饰整个主句或主句的部分内容，可以放在句首、句中或句末。后面的谓语动词多用see、know、expect、say、mention等。
He came back home late, as we expected. 正如我们所料，他回家晚了。
As we know/As is known to us all,he is reliable. 众所周知，他值得信赖。
语法填空练习
1. (2025新Ⅰ)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
2. (2025浙Ⅰ)Tanya is looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing,she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers,such as those headed to weddings abroad,with a longer-term rental period.
3. (2024新Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
4. (2024新Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”，add an international character toStratford-upon-Avon.
5.(2024浙Ⅰ)Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
6. (2023甲)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
7. (2023乙)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
8. (2022甲)On the 1，100-kilometre journey,the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
9. (2020江苏)Many lessons are now available online,from students can choose.
10. (2020天津)Dr Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all.
11. (2019Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters had great experience in caring for these animals.
12. (2019Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
13. (2018江苏)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project calls for a clear road map and timetable.
14. (2018浙江)Many Westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
15. (2017北京)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may beinspirations for great inventions.
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句★(8年3考)
关系副词 | 先行词 | 句法功能 |
when | 时间 | 时间状语 |
where | 地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等 | 地点状语 |
why | 原因 | 原因状语 |
引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。关系副词相当于“介词＋which”结构。
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常为time、hour、day、age、period、festival、occasion等表示时间的名词，when相当于“at/on/in/during＋which”。
He will always remember the day when(＝on which) his father returned from America.
Graduation is a significant occasion when(＝on which) we celebrate years of hard work and embrace exciting new beginnings.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常为place、town、city、school、country、hospital等表示地点的名词；where相当于“at/on/in＋which”。
Can you suggest a place where(＝in which) we can have our next seminar?
where也可指抽象的地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常为life、atmosphere、job、activity、case、point、situation、condition、stage、position等名词。
We are in a situation where we must act quickly.
There comes a point where you have to give up.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason，相当于for which。
I don't know the reason why(＝for which) he was absent today.
单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅱ)Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range,and central heating doesn't exist.
2. (2023甲)There was once a town in the heart of America,all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings.
3. (2020Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
4. (2019江苏)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
5. (2019天津)Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
6.(2019Ⅰ)One afternoon I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
7.(2018Ⅰ)They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
8.(2018江苏)Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
★★★答案——关系代词★★★
快速核对
1. which | 2. which | 3. that / which |
4. who | 5. that / which | 6. as |
7. that / which | 8. who | 9. which |
10. whose | 11. who / that | 12. which |
13. that / which | 14. who / that | 15. that / which |
解析
1.which逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句；先行词 Go（围棋，物），从句缺主语，非限定不能用 that。
2.which逗号，非限制性定语从句；先行词 clothing（物），从句 package 缺少宾语。
3.that / which限制性定语从句；先行词 Silk Route（物），从句缺主语，that、which 均可。
4.who逗号，非限制性定语从句；先行词 Tang Xianzu（人），从句缺主语。
5.that / which限制性定语从句；先行词 the way，从句缺少主语，只能用 that/which
6.as非限制性定语从句，as 指代前面整句话，译为 “正如”。
7.that / which限制性定语从句；先行词 place，从句 welcomes 缺主语，不能用 where。
8.who逗号，非限制性定语从句；先行词 Cao Shengkang（人），从句 lost 缺主语。
9.which介词 from 提前，先行词 lessons（物），介词 + 关系代词结构，只能用 which。
10.whose非限制性定语从句；whose 表所属关系，“Dr Rowan 的秘书”。
11.who / that限制性定语从句；先行词 masters（人），从句 had 缺主语，who、that 均可。
12.which逗号，非限制性定语从句；先行词 pet shop（物），从句 opened 缺宾语。
13.that / which限制性定语从句；先行词 project（物），从句 calls 缺主语，that、which 均可。
14.who / that限制性定语从句；先行词 Westerners（人），从句 come 缺主语，who、that 均可。
15.that / which限制性定语从句；先行词 problems（物），从句 meet 缺宾语，that、which 均可，关系代词也可省略。
答案——关系副词
快速核对
1. where | 2. where | 3. where | 4. when |
5. where | 6. when | 7. where | 8. where |
解析
1.where逗号，非限制性定语从句；先行词 countryside，从句成分完整，where 作地点状语。
2.where逗号，非限制性定语从句；先行词 town，从句成分完整，where 作地点状语。
3.where限制性定语从句；先行词 spot，从句成分完整，where 作地点状语。
4.when限制性定语从句；先行词 age（时代，抽象时间），从句成分完整，when 作时间状语。
5.where限制性定语从句；先行词 stage（抽象阶段），从句成分完整，where 作抽象地点状语。
6.when限制性定语从句；先行词 One afternoon，从句成分完整，when 作时间状语。
7.where限制性定语从句；先行词 pond，从句成分完整，where 作地点状语。
8.where限制性定语从句；先行词 area（抽象领域），从句成分完整，where 作抽象地点状语。