ARTICLE · 1022959
高考英语必背语法
高考英语必背语法一、简洁版（方便学生速记） （一）、词性
1. 名词n.：可数(book‑books)；不可数(water)
例：There is a book on the desk.
2. 代词pron.：人称(I‑you‑he)；物主(my‑your‑his)
例：She likes music. / This is my pen.
3. **形容词adj.**修饰名词，放名词前/系动词后
例：a beautiful flower / The flower is beautiful.
4. **副词adv.**修饰动/形/副
例：He runs fast. / She is very happy.
5. 动词v.：实义、系动词(be/look/sound/smell/taste/become)
例：I study English. / You look tired. 6. 数词num.：基数one；序数first
例：I have three bags. / Today is the first day.
7. 介词prep. in/on/at/by/for +名词/doing
例：We meet at 8:00.
8. 连词conj. and/but/if/because
例：I like apples, but I don’t like bananas.
9. 冠词art. a(辅音) / an(元音) / the
例：an old man
二、五大基本句型
1. S+V 主谓：Birds fly.
2. S+V+O 主谓宾：I love English.
3. S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾：He gave me a gift.
4. S+V+O+C 主谓宾补：We keep the room clean.
5. S+LinkV+P 主系表：You look tired.
三、8大时态
1. 一般现在时 do/does（经常、真理）
标志：often,usually,every…
例：The earth goes around the sun.
2. 一般过去时 did（过去）
标志：yesterday,last…
例：He went to Beijing yesterday.
3. 一般将来时 will do / be going to do
例：I will visit you tomorrow.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing（正在）
标志：now,look,listen
例：Look! They are playing football.
5. 过去进行时 was/were doing（过去某刻正在）
例：I was reading at 8 last night.
6. 现在完成时 have/has done（过去对现在影响）
标志：already,yet,since,for
例：I have lived here for 5 years.
7. 过去完成时 had done（过去的过去）
例：He had left before I arrived.
8. 过去将来时 would do（过去看将来）
例：He said he would help me.
四、被动语态：be + done
• 一般现在：am/is/are done 例：Rice is grown in the south.
• 一般过去：was/were done 例：The letter was sent yesterday.
• 情态动词被动：情态动词+be done 例：Rules must be followed. 五、非谓语 to do / doing / done
1. to do 表目的、将来；want/decide to do
例：I come here to see you.
2. doing 主动、进行；enjoy/practice doing
例：Reading books is fun.
3. done 被动、完成
例：The boy called Tom is my friend.
六、三大从句
1.名词性从句
引导词：that/what/if/whether
宾语从句：陈述语序
❌I don’t know where is he.
✅I don’t know where he is.
例：I know that he is honest.
2.定语从句（修饰名词）
关系代词：that,which,who,whose
例：The girl who is standing there is my sister.
3.状语从句
• 条件if：主将从现
例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
• 让步although/though
例：Although he is young, he knows a lot.
七、情态动词
can/could,may/might,must,should,need
例：You must finish homework. 八、主谓一致
1. everyone/everything 作主语，谓语单数
例：Everyone is here.
2. not only…but also… / either…or… 就近原则
例：Not only you but also he likes music.
九、特殊句式
1. 倒装：Only in this way can you succeed.
2. 强调句：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who
例：It was Tom that helped me.
3. There be 就近原则
例：There is a pen and two books.
十、虚拟语气（与现在相反）
If+过去式，主句would do
例：If I were you, I would take the chance. 注意：以下图片方便打印出来每天看一遍帮助记忆。 
二、详细版（方便学生理解消化） 一、词性
实词
1. 名词 n. 人/事物名称，分可数、不可数
• 可数：book(书)，复数 books
例句：There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。
• 不可数：water(水)，无复数
例句：We need some water. 我们需要一些水。
2. 代词 pron. 代替名词
• 人称代词：I, you, he, she, it
例句：She likes music. 她喜欢音乐。
• 物主代词：my, your, his
例句：This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
3. 形容词 adj. 修饰名词，放在名词前或系动词后
例句：It is a beautiful flower.（前置）这是一朵漂亮的花。
The flower is beautiful.（系后）这朵花很漂亮。
4. 副词 adv. 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词
例句：He runs fast. 他跑得快。
She is very happy. 她非常开心。
5. 动词 v. 动作/状态，谓语核心，分实义、系动词、助动词
例句：I study English. 我学习英语。（实义动词）
You are a student. 你是一名学生。（系动词）
6. 数词 num. 基数（one, two）、序数（first, second）
例句：I have three bags. 我有三个包。
Today is the first day. 今天是第一天。
虚词
1. 介词 prep. in/on/at/by/for，后面接名词/动名词
例句：We meet at 8:00. 我们八点见面。
2. 连词 conj. and/but/if/because，连接句子
例句：I like apples, but I don’t like bananas.
3. 冠词 art. a/an/the
a+辅音音素：a dog；an+元音音素：an apple
例句：An old man is reading. 一位老人在读书。 二、句子成分（五大基本句型，高考核心）
1. 主谓 S+V（不及物动词，无宾语）
例句：Birds fly. 鸟儿飞翔。
2. 主谓宾 S+V+O
例句：I love English. 我喜爱英语。
3. 主谓双宾 S+V+IO+DO（人+物）
例句：He gave me a gift. 他给了我一份礼物。
4. 主谓宾补 S+V+O+C（补充说明宾语）
例句：We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间干净。
5. 主系表 S+LinkV+P
系动词：be / look / sound / smell / taste / become
例句：You look tired. 你看起来很累。 三、时态（8大必考时态，附例句）
1. 一般现在时：经常性、客观真理；do/does
标志：often, usually, always, every…
例句：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。
2. 一般过去时：过去发生；did
标志：yesterday, last…
例句：He went to Beijing yesterday. 他昨天去北京了。
3. 一般将来时：将来；will do / be going to do
例句：I will visit you tomorrow. 我明天会来看你。
4. 现在进行时：正在做；am/is/are doing
标志：now, look, listen
例句：Look! They are playing football.
5. 过去进行时：过去某刻正在做；was/were doing
例句：I was reading at 8 last night.昨晚八点我正在看书。
6. 现在完成时：过去动作对现在有影响；have/has done
标志：already, yet, since, for
例句：I have lived here for 5 years.我在这里住了5年。
7. 过去完成时：过去的过去；had done
例句：He had left before I arrived.我到之前他已经离开了。
8. 过去将来时：从过去看将来；would do
例句：He said he would help me.他说他会帮我。 四、被动语态
结构：be + done（be随时态变化）
• 一般现在被动：am/is/are done
例句：Rice is grown in the south.水稻在南方种植。
• 一般过去被动：was/were done
例句：The letter was sent yesterday.信昨天被寄出。
• 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be done
例句：Rules must be followed.规则必须被遵守。 五、非谓语动词（to do / doing / done，高频考点）
1. to do 不定式：表目的、将来
例句：I come here to see you. 我来这儿看你。
固定搭配：want to do, decide to do
2. doing动名词/现在分词：主动、进行
例句：Reading books is fun.读书很有趣。
固定：enjoy doing, practice doing
3. done过去分词：被动、完成
例句：The boy called Tom is my friend.名叫汤姆的男孩是我朋友。
六、三大从句
1.名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语从句）
引导词：that / what / if / whether
宾语从句例句：I know that he is honest.我知道他很诚实。 2.定语从句（修饰名词，翻译成“……的”）
关系代词：that, which, who, whose
例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。
3.状语从句（时间/条件/原因/让步）
• 条件if：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。 七、情态动词
can/could, may/might, must, should, need
例句：You must finish homework.你必须完成作业。
⚠️must提问，否定回答用needn’t / don’t have to，不用mustn’t
—Must I go now?
—No, you needn’t.（不必）
mustn’t 意思是“禁止”
八、主谓一致
1. 不定代词everyone/everything作主语，谓语用单数
例句：Everyone is here.所有人都到了。
2. not only…but also… / either…or… 就近原则
例句：Not only you but also he likes music.
不仅你，他也喜欢音乐。
九、特殊句式
1. 倒装：Only in this way can you succeed.只有这样你才能成功。
2. 强调句：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who
例句：It was Tom that helped me.是汤姆帮了我。
3. There be 存在句（就近原则）
There is a pen and two books.有一支笔两本书。
十、虚拟语气（简单必考款）
与现在事实相反：If +过去式，主句would do
例句：If I were you, I would take the chance.如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会。
1. 名词n.：可数(book‑books)；不可数(water)
例：There is a book on the desk.
2. 代词pron.：人称(I‑you‑he)；物主(my‑your‑his)
例：She likes music. / This is my pen.
3. **形容词adj.**修饰名词，放名词前/系动词后
例：a beautiful flower / The flower is beautiful.
4. **副词adv.**修饰动/形/副
例：He runs fast. / She is very happy.
5. 动词v.：实义、系动词(be/look/sound/smell/taste/become)
例：I study English. / You look tired.
例：I have three bags. / Today is the first day.
7. 介词prep. in/on/at/by/for +名词/doing
例：We meet at 8:00.
8. 连词conj. and/but/if/because
例：I like apples, but I don’t like bananas.
9. 冠词art. a(辅音) / an(元音) / the
例：an old man
二、五大基本句型
1. S+V 主谓：Birds fly.
2. S+V+O 主谓宾：I love English.
3. S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾：He gave me a gift.
4. S+V+O+C 主谓宾补：We keep the room clean.
5. S+LinkV+P 主系表：You look tired.
三、8大时态
1. 一般现在时 do/does（经常、真理）
标志：often,usually,every…
例：The earth goes around the sun.
2. 一般过去时 did（过去）
标志：yesterday,last…
例：He went to Beijing yesterday.
3. 一般将来时 will do / be going to do
例：I will visit you tomorrow.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing（正在）
标志：now,look,listen
例：Look! They are playing football.
5. 过去进行时 was/were doing（过去某刻正在）
例：I was reading at 8 last night.
6. 现在完成时 have/has done（过去对现在影响）
标志：already,yet,since,for
例：I have lived here for 5 years.
7. 过去完成时 had done（过去的过去）
例：He had left before I arrived.
8. 过去将来时 would do（过去看将来）
例：He said he would help me.
四、被动语态：be + done
• 一般现在：am/is/are done 例：Rice is grown in the south.
• 一般过去：was/were done 例：The letter was sent yesterday.
• 情态动词被动：情态动词+be done 例：Rules must be followed.
1. to do 表目的、将来；want/decide to do
例：I come here to see you.
2. doing 主动、进行；enjoy/practice doing
例：Reading books is fun.
3. done 被动、完成
例：The boy called Tom is my friend.
六、三大从句
1.名词性从句
引导词：that/what/if/whether
宾语从句：陈述语序
❌I don’t know where is he.
✅I don’t know where he is.
例：I know that he is honest.
2.定语从句（修饰名词）
关系代词：that,which,who,whose
例：The girl who is standing there is my sister.
3.状语从句
• 条件if：主将从现
例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
• 让步although/though
例：Although he is young, he knows a lot.
七、情态动词
can/could,may/might,must,should,need
例：You must finish homework.
1. everyone/everything 作主语，谓语单数
例：Everyone is here.
2. not only…but also… / either…or… 就近原则
例：Not only you but also he likes music.
九、特殊句式
1. 倒装：Only in this way can you succeed.
2. 强调句：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who
例：It was Tom that helped me.
3. There be 就近原则
例：There is a pen and two books.
十、虚拟语气（与现在相反）
If+过去式，主句would do
例：If I were you, I would take the chance.
实词
1. 名词 n. 人/事物名称，分可数、不可数
• 可数：book(书)，复数 books
例句：There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。
• 不可数：water(水)，无复数
例句：We need some water. 我们需要一些水。
2. 代词 pron. 代替名词
• 人称代词：I, you, he, she, it
例句：She likes music. 她喜欢音乐。
• 物主代词：my, your, his
例句：This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
3. 形容词 adj. 修饰名词，放在名词前或系动词后
例句：It is a beautiful flower.（前置）这是一朵漂亮的花。
The flower is beautiful.（系后）这朵花很漂亮。
4. 副词 adv. 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词
例句：He runs fast. 他跑得快。
She is very happy. 她非常开心。
5. 动词 v. 动作/状态，谓语核心，分实义、系动词、助动词
例句：I study English. 我学习英语。（实义动词）
You are a student. 你是一名学生。（系动词）
6. 数词 num. 基数（one, two）、序数（first, second）
例句：I have three bags. 我有三个包。
Today is the first day. 今天是第一天。
虚词
1. 介词 prep. in/on/at/by/for，后面接名词/动名词
例句：We meet at 8:00. 我们八点见面。
2. 连词 conj. and/but/if/because，连接句子
例句：I like apples, but I don’t like bananas.
3. 冠词 art. a/an/the
a+辅音音素：a dog；an+元音音素：an apple
例句：An old man is reading. 一位老人在读书。
1. 主谓 S+V（不及物动词，无宾语）
例句：Birds fly. 鸟儿飞翔。
2. 主谓宾 S+V+O
例句：I love English. 我喜爱英语。
3. 主谓双宾 S+V+IO+DO（人+物）
例句：He gave me a gift. 他给了我一份礼物。
4. 主谓宾补 S+V+O+C（补充说明宾语）
例句：We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间干净。
5. 主系表 S+LinkV+P
系动词：be / look / sound / smell / taste / become
例句：You look tired. 你看起来很累。
1. 一般现在时：经常性、客观真理；do/does
标志：often, usually, always, every…
例句：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。
2. 一般过去时：过去发生；did
标志：yesterday, last…
例句：He went to Beijing yesterday. 他昨天去北京了。
3. 一般将来时：将来；will do / be going to do
例句：I will visit you tomorrow. 我明天会来看你。
4. 现在进行时：正在做；am/is/are doing
标志：now, look, listen
例句：Look! They are playing football.
5. 过去进行时：过去某刻正在做；was/were doing
例句：I was reading at 8 last night.昨晚八点我正在看书。
6. 现在完成时：过去动作对现在有影响；have/has done
标志：already, yet, since, for
例句：I have lived here for 5 years.我在这里住了5年。
7. 过去完成时：过去的过去；had done
例句：He had left before I arrived.我到之前他已经离开了。
8. 过去将来时：从过去看将来；would do
例句：He said he would help me.他说他会帮我。
结构：be + done（be随时态变化）
• 一般现在被动：am/is/are done
例句：Rice is grown in the south.水稻在南方种植。
• 一般过去被动：was/were done
例句：The letter was sent yesterday.信昨天被寄出。
• 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be done
例句：Rules must be followed.规则必须被遵守。
1. to do 不定式：表目的、将来
例句：I come here to see you. 我来这儿看你。
固定搭配：want to do, decide to do
2. doing动名词/现在分词：主动、进行
例句：Reading books is fun.读书很有趣。
固定：enjoy doing, practice doing
3. done过去分词：被动、完成
例句：The boy called Tom is my friend.名叫汤姆的男孩是我朋友。
六、三大从句
1.名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语从句）
引导词：that / what / if / whether
宾语从句例句：I know that he is honest.我知道他很诚实。
关系代词：that, which, who, whose
例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。
3.状语从句（时间/条件/原因/让步）
• 条件if：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。
can/could, may/might, must, should, need
例句：You must finish homework.你必须完成作业。
⚠️must提问，否定回答用needn’t / don’t have to，不用mustn’t
—Must I go now?
—No, you needn’t.（不必）
mustn’t 意思是“禁止”
八、主谓一致
1. 不定代词everyone/everything作主语，谓语用单数
例句：Everyone is here.所有人都到了。
2. not only…but also… / either…or… 就近原则
例句：Not only you but also he likes music.
不仅你，他也喜欢音乐。
九、特殊句式
1. 倒装：Only in this way can you succeed.只有这样你才能成功。
2. 强调句：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who
例句：It was Tom that helped me.是汤姆帮了我。
3. There be 存在句（就近原则）
There is a pen and two books.有一支笔两本书。
十、虚拟语气（简单必考款）
与现在事实相反：If +过去式，主句would do
例句：If I were you, I would take the chance.如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会。