跟着真题学英语|2026青岛中考阅读表达B篇Changing Coastlines

文章整体难度：中等偏上。

难点原因在于四点：

1. 题材：地理科普说明文，学生背景储备弱，理解门槛高。文章主题是海岸地貌演变（海蚀洞、海蚀拱、海蚀柱、沿岸漂移 longshore drift），属于地理学科跨学科文本。学生缺少生活体验，很多地貌名词是全新词汇，如果不能结合文中配图阅读的话，容易看不懂概念，在考试过程中易造成压力继而影响发挥。

2. 句子特点：使用大量现在分词增加了学生理解文章的难度。复合句种类多：where定语从句、as/when/until/because状语从句。时态语态混合：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、被动语态等都有。

3. 篇章结构：总分结构+小标题。小标题能帮助定位；但考题44配图题、46 信息填空，要求梳理事物变化先后顺序，不只考细节查找，还要读懂流程逻辑，对逻辑梳理能力要求更高。

4. 专有生词：glacier, headland, arch, stack, longshore drift......生词多，会打断阅读节奏。

但全文以一般现在时为主，陈述客观现象；小标题清晰，段落功能明确，做题定位比较方便；以图释义，掌握图文结合的阅读方法的话，不仅能降低对专有名词的理解，也能极大帮助理解整篇文章；文末出现青岛本地素材，如果学生能联想到石老人这一地标性自然景观的形成和消亡的话，能降低一点陌生感。

和前面A篇传统文化说明文跟着真题学英语｜2026青岛中考阅读表达A篇Lotus形成题材搭配；整套阅读表达兼顾：主旨概括、图文信息匹配、细节简答、语篇填空，覆盖阅读四大核心能力。命题底层逻辑：分层设题，由浅入深；兼顾信息查找、逻辑理解、语言输出；同时渗透学科素养+本土情境。

IV.阅读表达(本题6小题，共20分)

B

阅读下面文本，完成43至46小题。(共11分)

Changing Coastlines

Coastlines are places where land meets sea, and they are always changing. Every few seconds,waves hit the shore(海岸), wearing the land away or shaping it into new forms. Also, human activities have made Earth warmer. As temperatures rise, ice caps and glaciers melt(冰川融化), adding more water to the oceans.This causes sea levels to rise, bringing greater changes to coastlines.

Sliding away(滑坡)

Cliffs(悬崖) may look strong, but huge parts sometimes slide into the sea. Rain is taken in by soil and rock at the top, making the ground heavier. Waves hit the cliff, making it weaker. Over time, the cliff becomes weaker still, until finally it falls down.

Caves, arches, and stacks

A headland is rocky land sticking out into the sea. Wind and water work together to slowly shape it. Caves form when waves wear away(磨损)cracks in the cliff face. A cave might break through the rock and form an arch. Some arches keep growing until they can not support themselves. They then fall down, creating a stack.

Beach on the move

Wind pushes waves to break onto the shore at an angle(角度). The waves carry sand and small stones onto the beach. As the waves move back, they pull sand back too. Over time, the sand is moved along the beach and spread further. This is called longshore drift.

Land under water

Every year, the sea level rises by about 4.5mm. Even a small rise can cause large areas of land to be covered with water. Over time, more and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded.

Keeping the water back

Sea walls are built along the shore to protect land from strong waves. However, they are expensive to build and may stop local wildlife from moving freely along the natural coast. As a coastal city, Qingdao has been building a stronger coastal protection system to protect both human beings and nature.

43.What's the main idea of paragraph 1?(2分)

44.根据图文内容补全信息。(每空不超过5个词，共2分)

45.How does sea-level rise influence people living along the coast?(2分)

46.根据文本内容填空。(每空一词，共5分)

Coastlines are always changing. Rain and waves can (1)____huge cliffs to slide away. The headland is shaped into different (2)____over a long period.(3)____ and (4)____ lead to sand movement which is called longshore drift. People near the sea are facing big challenges because of strong waves. They are making (5)____ to protect their homes like building sea walls.

一、重点短语

1.wear away 磨损；侵蚀

2.shape…into… 把…… 塑造成……

3.make Earth warmer 使地球变暖

4.ice caps and glaciers melt 冰盖与冰川融化

5.cause sea levels to rise 造成海平面上升

6.slide into the sea 滑入大海

7.be taken in 被吸收

8.break through 穿透；冲破

9.support themselves 支撑自身

10.fall down 坍塌

11.push waves 推动海浪

12.break onto the shore 拍打到海岸

13.carry sand and small stones 携带沙石

14.pull…back 拉回

15.move along the beach 沿着海滩移动

16.spread further 进一步扩散

17.be covered with water 被水淹没

18.be forced to do 被迫做……

19.move further inland 向内陆迁移

20.build sea walls 修建海堤

21.protect…from… 保护…… 免受……

22.stop…from doing 阻止…… 做某事

23.build a coastal protection system 建设海岸防护体系

24.every few seconds 每隔几秒

25.human activities 人类活动

26.sea levels 海平面

27.over time 随着时间推移

28.rocky land 岩石陆地

29.cracks in the cliff face 悬崖表面的裂缝

30.at an angle 呈一定角度

31.longshore drift 沿岸输沙 / 沿岸漂移

32.large areas of land 大片陆地

33.coastal city 沿海城市

34.natural coast 自然海岸

二、复合句 & 长难句解析

1. Coastlines are places where land meets sea, and they are always changing.

句式：并列句 + 定语从句

where land meets sea 定语从句，先行词places；where在从句作地点状语；并列连词and连接两个分句 

翻译：海岸线是陆地与海洋交汇之处，并且海岸线一直在变化。

考点：where引导定语从句；现在进行时表持续变化

2. Every few seconds, waves hit the shore, wearing the land away or shaping it into new forms.

句式：简单句，现在分词作结果状语（不是复合句）

主句：waves hit the shore, wearing…or shaping… 海浪冲击海岸带来的结果 

翻译：每隔几秒，海浪拍打海岸，侵蚀陆地或将其塑造成新的形态。

考点：现在分词作结果状语

3. As temperatures rise, ice caps and glaciers melt, adding more water to the oceans.

句式：as引导时间/原因状语从句+现在分词作结果状语 

从句：As temperatures rise随着气温升高 主句：ice caps and glaciers melt；adding… 分词表结果 

翻译：随着气温升高，冰盖和冰川融化，给海洋增加更多水量。

考点：as引导状语从句；分词作结果状语

4. This causes sea levels to rise, bringing greater changes to coastlines.

句式：简单句，现在分词作结果状语

翻译：这使得海平面上升，给海岸线带来更大的变化。

考点：cause sb./sth. to do；分词结果状语

5. Cliffs may look strong, but huge parts sometimes slide into the sea.

句式：并列句（but转折连词） 

翻译：悬崖看上去坚固，但巨大的岩体有时会滑入海中。

考点：but 表转折

6. Rain is taken in by soil and rock at the top, making the ground heavier.

句式：简单句，被动语态+分词作结果状语 

翻译：雨水被顶部的土壤和岩石吸收，使得地面变重。

考点：被动语态；making 结果状语

7. Caves form when waves wear away cracks in the cliff face.

句式：when引导时间状语从句 

主句：Caves form 从句：when waves wear away cracks in the cliff face 

翻译：当海浪侵蚀悬崖表面的裂缝时，洞穴就形成了。

考点：when时间状语从句

8. Some arches keep growing until they can not support themselves.

句式：until 引导时间状语从句 

主句：Some arches keep growing 从句：until they can not support themselves 

翻译：一些拱门持续被侵蚀，直到无法支撑自身。

考点：until 状语从句

9. Over time, more and more people are forced to move further inland because their homes are flooded.

句式：because 引导原因状语从句 

主句：more and more people are forced to move further inland 

从句：because their homes are flooded 

翻译：久而久之，越来越多的人被迫向内陆迁移，因为他们的家园被洪水淹没。

考点：because 原因状语从句；被动语态be forced to do，be flooded

10. However, they are expensive to build and may stop local wildlife from moving freely along the natural coast.

句式：简单句，并列谓语

翻译：然而，它们（海堤）造价高昂，还可能阻碍当地野生动物沿着天然海岸自由活动。

考点：stop …from doing sth

11. As a coastal city, Qingdao has been building a stronger coastal protection system to protect both human beings and nature.

句式：简单句；As a coastal city 介词短语作状语；不定式to protect 作目的状语 

翻译：作为一座沿海城市，青岛一直在建设更完善的海岸防护体系，兼顾保护人类与自然。

考点：as 介词“作为”；现在完成进行时；both…and…

封面图片海蚀地貌组合（Strahler,A.N,2013）