【第11–15句】高中英文120句学3500单词

高中英语第1阶段 · 基础词汇 1–1000 · 第11–15句

词汇 251–0375 · 基础词汇 1–1000 · 40句长句 · 每句25词 

第 11 句（251–275：入门基础核心词 · bas–bed字头）

【长句】

In the basin by the bay, we played basketball on the beach, and because everyone wanted to become faster, we kept a batch of bean soup and a basket of fruit warm; the basic rule — on the basis of safety — was to hold your bat firmly and never feed the bear with the thick beard, a wild beast; in the evening, beautiful light from a beacon cast a bright beam across the water, and after a warm bath in the bathroom, we lay on our bed, proud that we had beaten our rivals in the battle not by force but by the beauty of teamwork, while the last battery in the lamp finally went dark.

【中文翻译】

在海湾旁的盆地里，我们在海滩上打篮球；因为每个人都想变得更快，我们把一批豆汤和一篮水果保着温。那条基本规则——以安全为依据——就是紧握球棒，绝不给那头胡须浓密、性情如野兽般的熊喂食。到了傍晚，灯塔发出的美丽光芒在水面上投下一道明亮的光束；在浴室里洗了个热水澡之后，我们躺在床铺上，为能在那一场战斗中凭借团队合作之美、而非蛮力击败对手而自豪，此时灯里最后的电池也终于熄灭了。

【句子成分与语法分析】

•地点状语与主干一：In the basin by the bay 为地点状语；we played basketball on the beach 为主谓宾结构。

•原因状语从句与并列：because everyone wanted to become faster 由 because 引导；we kept a batch of bean soup and a basket of fruit warm 中 keep + 宾语 + warm 为复合宾语结构。

•破折号与主干二：the basic rule … was to hold your bat firmly and never feed the bear … 为主系表结构（表语为并列不定式）；on the basis of safety 为插入状语；with the thick beard 作 bear 的定语；a wild beast 为 bear 的同位语。

•并列主句：beautiful light from a beacon cast a bright beam across the water 与后半句并列；from a beacon 为定语。

•时间状语与主干三：after a warm bath in the bathroom 为时间状语；we lay on our bed 为主谓结构。

•原因/伴随状语（形容词短语）：proud that we had beaten our rivals in the battle not by force but by the beauty of teamwork 中 proud 作伴随状语，that 引导宾语从句，had beaten 为过去完成时，not by force but by … 为对比状语。

•时间状语从句：while the last battery in the lamp finally went dark 由 while 引导表对照。

•时态语态：主线为一般过去时（played / wanted / kept / was / cast / lay / had beaten / went），had beaten 用过去完成时表“先击败后躺下”的时序，主动语态贯穿。 

【本句词汇（25个）】

第 12 句（276–300：入门基础核心词 · bed–bet字头）

【长句】

Before the sun rose, in my bedroom, a bee buzzed past a plate of beef and a glass of beer left on the sill; I would begin my day at the beginning of a new week, and on behalf of my family, I promised to behave well, for good behavior marks a noble being; I believe, with a deep belief, that honesty matters, even as the church bell tolls behind him and a man with a round belly tightens his belt on the wooden bench, trying to bend down and peer beneath the seat; every benefit of exercise is beneficial, and though his spine was bent, he gathered a ripe berry and refused to betray his word.

【中文翻译】

太阳升起之前，在我的卧室里，一只蜜蜂嗡嗡飞过留在窗台上的一盘牛肉和一杯啤酒；我本打算在新一周的开端开始我的一天，并且代表我的家人，保证我要好好表现，因为良好的行为正是高贵人格的标志。我怀着深深的信念相信：诚实至关重要，即便钟声在他身后鸣响，一个挺着圆滚滚肚子的人在木长椅上勒紧他的腰带，试图弯下腰去窥探座位底下；锻炼的每一点好处都是有益的，虽然他的脊椎已经弯曲，他仍采下一颗熟透的浆果，并拒绝违背自己的诺言。

【句子成分与语法分析】

•时间状语与主干一：Before the sun rose 为时间状语从句；in my bedroom, a bee buzzed past a plate of beef and a glass of beer left on the sill 中 left on the sill 为过去分词短语作后置定语。

•并列主句：I would begin my day at the beginning of a new week 中 would begin 表过去意愿；and on behalf of my family, I promised to behave well，on behalf of my family 为介词短语作状语。

•原因状语从句：for good behavior marks a noble being 由 for 引导。

•宾语从句与嵌套：I believe … that honesty matters，with a deep belief 为方式状语；even as the church bell tolls behind him 由 even as 引导时间状语从句。

•并列与分词状语：and a man with a round belly tightens his belt on the wooden bench, trying to bend down and peer beneath the seat，trying to bend down and peer … 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 bend down 与 peer 为并列不定式。

•并列主句：every benefit of exercise is beneficial 为主系表结构；though his spine was bent 为让步状语从句。

•并列谓语：he gathered a ripe berry and refused to betray his word。

•时态语态：主线为一般过去时（buzzed / would begin / promised / believe / matters / tolls / tightens / was bent / gathered / refused），无被动语态，主动语态贯穿；was bent 中 bent 为形容词表状态。 

【本句词汇（25个）】

第 13 句（301–325：入门基础核心词 · bet–bla字头）

【长句】

Bicycle or bike, which is better for a big birthday ride? On my birthday, I left my bicycle behind and rode my bike to the biology lab to study a biological mystery; after my birth, my parents had celebrated every birthday with a warm beverage and a slice of cake, and a kind bishop once read from the bible a verse that, without bias, teaches us never to blame others unfairly; I made a hopeful bid for the prize, opened my bin to bind my notes with a billion old labels, sorted the black cards, wiped the blank page, and folded a blanket to cover a bizarre knife with a rusty blade; I paid the bill for the hall, ignoring the bitter cold and the sudden blast of wind outside.

【中文翻译】

自行车还是单车，哪个更适合一次盛大的生日骑行？在我生日那天，我把自行车留在了后面，骑着单车去生物实验室研究一个生物学谜题；自从我出生以来，父母每年生日都会用一杯温暖的饮品和一块蛋糕来庆祝，而一位和蔼的主教曾从《圣经》里读过一段经文，那段话不带偏见地教导我们永远不要不公正地责备他人。我满怀希望地为奖品出了一次价，打开我的垃圾桶，用十亿张旧标签把笔记捆扎起来，整理好那些黑色的卡片，擦干净那张空白的纸，又叠好一条毯子盖住一把刀刃生锈、造型古怪的刀；我付清了会场的账单，全然不顾外面刺骨的寒冷和骤然席卷而来的一阵狂风。

【句子成分与语法分析】

•选择问句：Bicycle or bike, which is better for a big birthday ride? 为特殊疑问句，better 为比较级作表语。

•时间状语与主干一：On my birthday 为时间状语；I left my bicycle behind and rode my bike to the biology lab to study a biological mystery 为并列谓语，behind 为副词宾语补足语，to study 为目的状语。

•时间状语从句与并列：after my birth 为时间状语；my parents had celebrated every birthday with a warm beverage and a slice of cake 中 had celebrated 为过去完成时。

•并列主句与定语从句：a kind bishop once read from the bible a verse that … teaches us never to blame others unfairly，that 引导定语从句修饰 verse；without bias 为插入状语。

•并列谓语群：I made a hopeful bid for the prize, opened my bin to bind my notes …, sorted the black cards, wiped the blank page, and folded a blanket to cover a bizarre knife with a rusty blade，为五个并列谓语；to bind 与 to cover 为目的状语。

•分词状语：ignoring the bitter cold and the sudden blast of wind outside 为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

•时态语态：主线为一般过去时（left / rode / had celebrated / read / made / opened / sorted / wiped / folded / paid），had celebrated 用过去完成时表更早的持续行为，主动语态贯穿。 

【本句词汇（25个）】

第 14 句（326–350：入门基础核心词 · bla–bos字头）

【长句】

The boring task felt strange under a blue sky, for a blaze of fire and a rumor of a bomb near the border made everyone on the boat uneasy; to boost morale, our boss, a bold man who liked to blow a whistle, asked us to bleach the deck, tie a bolt on the door, and watch the blood-red sun blossom over the water, but a blind sailor on the board, wearing rubber boots, stumbled over a block of wood, making the girl blush, though no bone was broken and the bond between crewmates only grew; after the boom of the engine, we boiled soup, shared a bonus of fruit, and agreed to borrow a quieter boat next time — for the morning had taught us that even a boring voyage can hide a spark of courage.

【中文翻译】

在这片蓝色天空下，那项无聊的工作显得格外离奇，因为边境附近的一团火焰和一条关于炸弹的传闻，让船上的每个人都心神不宁。为了提振士气，我们的老板——一位喜欢吹哨子的胆大之人——让我们把甲板漂白、给门装上插销，还要看着血红色的落日在水面之上尽情绽放；但甲板上一位穿着胶靴的失明水手被一块木头绊了一下，惹得那女孩脸颊泛红，不过没有伤到一根骨头，船员之间的情谊反而更加深厚了。引擎轰鸣之后，我们煮了汤，分食了一份水果作为奖励，并商定下次租一艘更安静的船——因为这个早晨教会我们：即便是一次无聊的航程，也可能暗藏着一星勇气的火花。

【句子成分与语法分析】

•主干一：The boring task felt strange under a blue sky 为主系表结构，under a blue sky 为地点状语。

•原因状语从句：for a blaze of fire and a rumor of a bomb near the border made everyone on the boat uneasy 由 for 引导，a blaze … and a rumor … 为并列主语，uneasy 为宾语补足语。

•目的状语与主干二：to boost morale 为不定式目的状语；our boss … asked us to bleach the deck, tie a bolt on the door, and watch the blood-red sun blossom over the water，a bold man who liked to blow a whistle 为 boss 的同位语（含定语从句），asked us to bleach … tie … and watch … 为三个并列不定式作宾补。

•转折与分词状语：but a blind sailor on the board, wearing rubber boots, stumbled over a block of wood, making the girl blush，wearing rubber boots 为分词短语作定语，making the girl blush 为结果状语。

•让步状语从句：though no bone was broken and the bond between crewmates only grew，no bone was broken 为一般过去时被动语态。

•时间状语与并列谓语：after the boom of the engine, we boiled soup, shared a bonus of fruit, and agreed to borrow a quieter boat next time。

•原因状语的总结：— for the morning had taught us that even a boring voyage can hide a spark of courage，had taught 为过去完成时，that 引导宾语从句。

•时态语态：主线为一般过去时，was broken（被动）与 had taught（过去完成时）为特殊用法。

•时态语态：主线为一般过去时（felt / made / asked / liked / stumbled / grew / boiled / shared / agreed / had taught），was broken 用被动表“未受伤”，had taught 用过去完成时表先于当下的领悟。 

【本句词汇（25个）】

第 15 句（351–375：入门基础核心词 · bot–bre字头）

【长句】

Both the boy and his sister reached the bottom of the hill, where a small box and an empty bottle lay near a broken branch; the boy used his brain, pulled the brake on his bike, and, with a little bow and a lively bounce of joy, picked up a bowl and a loaf of fresh bread; he was bound to cross the boundary of the old farm, for the fence, made of brass, had a narrow breach, and he was brave enough — a true act of bravery — to break the lock, fetch a light breakfast, and ignore the breakdown of a truck; but the quiet breeze and the bright brand on the shed reminded him never to break what a hardy breed of farmers had built, and that this one small breakthrough might someday grow into a far greater one.

【中文翻译】

男孩和他的妹妹都来到了山脚下，那里有一个小盒子和一个空瓶子，就躺在一根折断的树枝旁边。男孩动了动脑筋，捏紧了自行车的车闸，轻轻鞠了个躬、欢快地蹦了一下，然后拾起一只碗和一条新鲜的面包。他注定要跨越老农场的边界，因为那道黄铜做的篱笆上有一道窄窄的缺口；他足够勇敢——那可真是一次勇气的展现——去砸开锁、取来一顿清淡的早餐，还对一辆卡车的抛锚毫不在意。然而，那轻柔的微风和棚屋上鲜亮的品牌，提醒他永远不要去破坏那些勤劳农民一代代建起的东西，也提醒他：这样一个小小的突破，有朝一日或许会成长为更了不起的突破。

【句子成分与语法分析】

•主干一：Both the boy and his sister reached the bottom of the hill，both … and … 连接并列主语；where a small box and an empty bottle lay near a broken branch 为 where 引导的非限制性定语从句。

•并列谓语群：the boy used his brain, pulled the brake on his bike, and … picked up a bowl and a loaf of fresh bread，为三个并列谓语；with a little bow and a lively bounce of joy 为方式状语。

•主干二与原因状语从句：he was bound to cross the boundary of the old farm 为 be bound to do 结构；for the fence … had a narrow breach 由 for 引导原因状语从句，made of brass 为过去分词短语作后置定语。

•并列与插入语：he was brave enough — a true act of bravery — to break the lock, fetch a light breakfast, and ignore the breakdown of a truck，a true act of bravery 为插入同位语，to break … , fetch … , and ignore … 为三个并列不定式。

•转折与宾语从句：but the quiet breeze and the bright brand on the shed reminded him never to break what a hardy breed of farmers had built, and that this one small breakthrough might someday grow into a far greater one，reminded him 后接并列宾语：不定式短语 never to break … 与 that 引导的宾语从句。

•时态语态：主线为一般过去时（reached / lay / used / pulled / picked / was bound / had / was / reminded / had built），had built 用过去完成时表“早已建好”，主动语态贯穿。 

【本句词汇（25个）】

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