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一篇吃透初中英语九年级上册U6考点:34个单词+6个短语+将来时被动4关,附精读实战

一篇吃透初中英语九年级上册U6考点:34个单词+6个短语+将来时被动4关,附精读实战

 Part 1 · 单词考点全解|34 词 + 6 短语

第 1 组 · 发射与任务词(Section A 新闻场景)

01  beyond  /bɪˈjɒnd/   prep.&adv.  超出;在(或向)更远处

例 The village lies beyond the mountains, far from city lights.

译 山那边有个小村庄,离城市的灯光很远。

▸ 考点 本义「在较远一边」,引申「超出」:beyond one's imagination 超出想象——一词两义完形高频。

02  mission  /ˈmɪʃn/   n.  任务;使命

例 The team's first mission was to test the new antenna in orbit.

译 小组的第一个任务是在轨道上测试新天线。

▸ 考点 space mission 航天任务;on a mission 执行任务;complete / carry out a mission 完成使命。

03  telescope  /ˈtelɪskəʊp/   n.  望远镜

例 Through his old telescope, Grandpa showed me a distant galaxy.

译 爷爷用他的旧望远镜给我看了一个遥远的星系。

▸ 考点 tele-「远」同族 telephone / television;space telescope 空间望远镜;与 microscope(显微镜)对举。

04  rover  /ˈrəʊvə(r)/   n.  探测器;漫游者

例 The rover sends back photos of the red planet every day.

译 那台探测器每天发回红色星球的照片。

▸ 考点 源自 rove「漫游」;Mars rover 火星探测器;靠轮子走,与卫星、飞船区分开。

05  manned  /mænd/   adj.  载人的;需人操作的

例 The first manned flight lasted only one hundred minutes.

译 第一次载人飞行只持续了一百分钟。

▸ 考点 man(v.) + ed;反义 unmanned 无人驾驶的;manned spaceship / mission 常考搭配。

06  launch  /lɔːntʃ/   v.&n.  发射;发起

例 The rocket launch was delayed by strong winds.

译 火箭发射因大风推迟了。

▸ 考点 launch a rocket / satellite 发射;launch a project 发起;名词常写 a rocket launch。

07  satellite  /ˈsætəlaɪt/   n.  人造卫星;卫星

例 A weather satellite watches the typhoon from space.

译 一颗气象卫星从太空盯着台风。

▸ 考点 天然卫星与人造卫星同词;satellite TV 卫星电视;send up / launch a satellite。

08  geology  /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/   n.  地质;地质学

例 Studying the geology of the moon helps us understand Earth.

译 研究月球地质有助于我们理解地球。

▸ 考点 geo-「地」+ -logy「学科」同族 biology / geography;geologist 地质学家。

第 2 组 · 太空生活词(太空直播课场景)

09  weightless  /ˈweɪtləs/   adj.  失重的;无重量的

例 Astronauts float because they are weightless in orbit.

译 航天员飘着走,因为在轨道上他们处于失重状态。

▸ 考点 weight(重量) + -less「无」反义后缀同族 homeless / careless;weightlessness 失重(名词)拓展。

10  movement  /ˈmuːvmənt/   n.  活动;运动

例 In space, every little movement needs practice at first.

译 在太空里,每个小动作起初都要练。

▸ 考点 move + -ment 名词后缀同族 development;the movement of… 的运动。

11  asleep  /əˈsliːp/   adj.  睡着的

例 The baby fell asleep before the rocket left the launch tower.

译 火箭还没离开发射塔,宝宝就睡着了。

▸ 考点 表语形容词,不作定语(不说 an asleep baby);fall asleep 入睡(见短语表);be asleep 睡着的状态。

12  tie  /taɪ/   v.&n.  系上;束紧;领带

例 Sleeping bags on the station are tied to the wall.

译 空间站上的睡袋要系在墙上。

▸ 考点 tie…to… 把…系在…上;熟词生义:领带 / 平局(a 1:1 tie)——一词三义。

13  crowded  /ˈkraʊdɪd/   adj.  人(太)多的;拥挤的

例 The module looks crowded with three astronauts and all their equipment.

译 舱里三个航天员加全部设备,显得很挤。

▸ 考点 crowd(n. 人群) + ed;be crowded with 挤满……;形容空间站舱内空间小。

14  crazy  /ˈkreɪzi/   adj.  疯狂的;不理智的

例 Everyone laughed and said the idea was crazy — then it worked.

译 大家都笑说这想法太疯狂——结果它成功了。

▸ 考点 be crazy about 热衷于;It sounds crazy, but… 听起来疯狂但是(议论文万能开场)。

第 3 组 · 深空探索词(主课文场景)

15  rocket  /ˈrɒkɪt/   n.  火箭

例 The rocket carried a small laboratory into orbit.

译 火箭把一个小型实验室送入轨道。

▸ 考点 复数 rockets;launch a rocket 与 launch 配对记;rockets 的 -et 弱音节拼写常错。

16  spacecraft  /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/   n.  宇宙飞船

例 The spacecraft has travelled far from home for years.

译 这艘宇宙飞船已离家飞行多年。

▸ 考点 单复数同形(pl. spacecraft)——语法填空高频;与 spaceship 近义,craft 更正式。

17  spaceship  /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/   n.  (航天)飞船

例 Children drew spaceships on the classroom windows.

译 孩子们在教室窗户上画飞船。

▸ 考点 space + ship 复合词;复数 spaceships;口语比 spacecraft 更常用。

18  exoplanet  /ˈekspəʊplænɪt/   n.  系外行星

例 Scientists have found thousands of exoplanets so far.

译 科学家至今已发现数千颗系外行星。

▸ 考点 exo-「外」+ planet;thousands of exoplanets 是现代天文常识;so far 现在完成时标志。

19  solar  /ˈsəʊlə(r)/   adj.  太阳的;太阳能的

例 The station runs on solar power collected by its wings.

译 空间站靠「翅膀」收集的太阳能运转。

▸ 考点 solar system 太阳系;solar panel / power 太阳能板/电;清洁能源话题高频。

20  galaxy  /ˈɡæləksi/   n.  星系

例 Our galaxy alone holds hundreds of billions of stars.

译 仅我们的星系就有数千亿颗恒星。

▸ 考点 复数 galaxies(y→ies);the Galaxy 特指银河系;billions of stars 搭配。

21  god  /ɡɒd/   n.  神

例 Ancient people saw gods in the patterns of the stars.

译 古人在星图里看出了神灵。

▸ 考点 God 大写特指上帝,小写泛指神灵;神话与科学对照是本单元话题背景。

22  mysterious  /mɪˈstɪəriəs/   adj.  神秘的;奇怪的

例 A mysterious signal came from deep space.

译 一个神秘信号来自深空。

▸ 考点 mystery(n.) → mysterious(adj.);a mysterious signal / light 科普阅读高频修饰语。

23  billion  /ˈbɪljən/   num.  十亿

例 The galaxy is billions of years older than our planet.

译 这个星系比我们的星球古老数十亿年。

▸ 考点 billions of 成千上亿;1 billion = 1000 million——别与 million(百万)混。

24  trillion  /ˈtrɪljən/   num.  万亿;兆

例 The nearest star is trillions of kilometres away.

译 最近的恒星远在数万亿千米之外。

▸ 考点 比 billion 大一千倍;trillions of… 修饰天文距离;中英数字进位差异是易错点。

25  imagination  /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/   n.  想象;想象力

例 Space travel begins in the imagination long before it begins in a workshop.

译 太空旅行先诞生在想象里,然后才走进车间。

▸ 考点 imagine(v.) → imagination(n.);beyond imagination 超乎想象;use your imagination。

26  expectation  /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/   n.  期望;希望

例 The mission lived up to everyone's expectations.

译 这次任务没有辜负所有人的期望。

▸ 考点 expect(v.) → expectation(n.);live up to / meet one's expectations 不负所望。

第 4 组 · 任务执行词(词汇运用场景)

27  require  /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/   v.  要求;需要

例 Long space missions require strong bodies and calm minds.

译 长期太空任务需要强壮的身体和冷静的头脑。

▸ 考点 require sb to do sth;be required to do 被要求——被动高频;注意拼写不双写 r。

28  cancel  /ˈkænsl/   v.  取消;终止

例 The launch was cancelled because of the storm.

译 发射因暴风雨取消了。

▸ 考点 过去式/分词英式双写 l:cancelled;be cancelled 被动常考;反义 hold / go ahead。

29  publish  /ˈpʌblɪʃ/   v.  刊登;出版

例 The magazine will publish the photos taken in orbit.

译 杂志将刊登在轨道上拍的照片。

▸ 考点 publish a book / article / photo;publisher 出版社;与 print(印刷)区分。

30  board  /bɔːd/   n.  板;牌子

例 A sign board at the gate counts down to the launch.

译 大门口的牌子在做发射倒计时。

▸ 考点 on board 在船/机/航天器上(见短语表);blackboard / keyboard 同族;熟词生义:董事会。

31  cooperate  /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/   v.  合作;协作

例 Two space agencies cooperated on the mission.

译 两家航天机构在这次任务上合作。

▸ 考点 co-「共同」+ operate;cooperate with sb 与…合作(见短语表);名词 cooperation 拓展。

32  craft  /krɑːft/   n.  技艺;工艺;飞行器

例 Making a model of the craft took the club a whole month.

译 做飞行器的模型花了社团一整个月。

▸ 考点 一词两义:手工艺 / 飞行器(spacecraft、hovercraft);单复数同形。

33  survey  /ˈsɜːveɪ/   n.&v.  测绘;民意调查

例 The class did a survey on who wants to be an astronaut.

译 班里做了个「谁想当航天员」的调查。

▸ 考点 动词重音后移 /səˈveɪ/、名词重音在前——重音辨音考点;do / carry out a survey。

34  operate  /ˈɒpəreɪt/   v.  操作;运行

例 The robot arm is operated from the ground.

译 机械臂是从地面操控的。

▸ 考点 operate a machine / be operated by…;operation(n.) 手术/运行;先学 operate 再记 cooperate。

6 个短语速记表

短语

含义

自编记忆句

fall asleep

入睡

He fell asleep at his desk, still holding the star map.

human being

人;人类

Human beings are the only Earthlings we know of — so far.

in case

以防万一

Take a spare battery in case the telescope dies halfway.

on board

在船(或火车、飞机)上

All systems on board are working well.

cooperate with

与……合作

Our club will cooperate with the city museum this spring.

set foot on

访问;参观(某地)

No one has set foot on Mars yet.

附 · space 复合词家族(构词法拓展)

复合词

含义

自编记忆句

spaceship

飞船

The toy spaceship hangs above the boy's bed.

spacecraft

宇宙飞船

One more spacecraft will join the station next year.

space station

空间站

The space station circles Earth every ninety minutes.

space suit

航天服

A space suit keeps air in and cold out.

spacewalk

太空行走

His first spacewalk lasted six hours.

space telescope

空间望远镜

A space telescope sees far beyond the dust.

5 组高频易混词辨析

词组

辨析要点(例句自编)

spacecraft / spaceship / craft

三者都指「飞行器」:spacecraft 最正式、单复数同形;spaceship 口语常用、有复数 spaceships;craft 是词根,还指「手工艺」。The spacecraft returned safely; the kids drew spaceships; pottery is a traditional craft.

fall asleep / be asleep / sleepy

fall asleep 强调「入睡」动作;be asleep 强调「睡着」状态;sleepy 是「困的」还没睡。He was sleepy at nine, fell asleep at ten, and was still asleep at seven.

in case / in case of

in case + 从句(以防发生某事);in case of + 名词(万一遇到)。Take a map in case you get lost. / In case of fire, leave the building at once.

billion / trillion

数量级:1 billion = 十亿,1 trillion = 一万亿 = 1000 billion。The galaxy has billions of stars; all the galaxies together may have trillions of planets.

launch / publish

launch 面向「发射 / 发起」(火箭、活动、产品);publish 面向「刊登 / 出版」(书、文章、照片)。The rocket will be launched on Friday, and the photos will be published next week.

  Part 2 · 将来时被动语态一次讲透|4 关 + 易错对照

第一关 构成:will be + 过去分词(done)

肯定句:More small satellites will be sent into orbit next year.

否定句:will not (won't) be + done — The launch won't be cancelled unless the wind gets stronger.

一般疑问句:Will the new space lab be opened to students? — Yes, it will. / No, it won't.

特殊疑问句:When will the survey be completed?(疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done)

第二关 什么时候用将来时被动

预测未来的计划与新闻(本单元新闻英语全是它):A research station will be built on the moon.

不知道或不必说谁做:The results will be published in a science magazine.

强调动作的承受对象:These young astronauts will be remembered for their courage.

第三关 主动 ↔ 被动三步走

① 宾语变主语 → ② will do 变 will be done(will 永远不动)→ ③ 原主语放进 by 短语(可省略)。

Students will design the poster. → The poster will be designed by students.

衔接上单元:be 前面的「帽子」可以换——is done / was done / can be done / will be done,过去分词永远不变。情态动词被动:The little craft can be operated by one computer.

第四关 It is believed that… 科普新闻万能句型

It is believed that… 人们相信;It is said that… 据说;It is hoped that… 人们希望。

It is believed that thousands of exoplanets will be discovered in the next ten years.

考点:it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 从句;从句里的谓语常用将来时被动。

易错对照表

✗ 错误

✓ 正确

A new station will built near the moon base.

A new station will be built near the moon base.(漏 be 动词)

The samples will be take back to Earth.

The samples will be taken back to Earth.(take 的过去分词是 taken)

Will the rocket be launch next month?

Will the rocket be launched next month?(be 后要过去分词)

The stars can see through a telescope.

The stars can be seen through a telescope.(情态动词被动别丢 be seen)

一题自测(答案将置顶在本文评论区)

More survey satellites ______ into space in the next five years. (四选一:A. will send   B. will be sent   C. are sent   D. sent —— 提示:in the next five years 是将来,卫星是被送上去的)

  Part 3 · 同主题精读实战|两篇自编短文,40 词全复现

精读一 · Stargazing with Grandpa(记叙文 · 约 290 词)

阅读提示:文中淡米黄加粗下划线的单词和短语,就是文章一讲过的本单元词汇——先通读,再看批注表。

Grandpa runs a small observatory on the hill, and last Friday he finally let me stay up for a whole night of stargazing. "The sky is best after midnight," he said, "when the town below falls asleep."

By ten o'clock I was already sleepy, but I refused to fall asleep before seeing something amazing. Grandpa adjusted his huge telescope and waved me over. Through the lens, a soft cloud of light was floating in the dark. "That is a galaxy," he said. "It holds billions of stars — and there are trillions of galaxies out there."

I had read about stars in books, but reading is one thing and seeing is another. The view gave me a mysterious feeling. In my imagination, I was no longer a boy on a cold hill: I was weightless inside a spaceship, touring the solar system and watching the slow movement of planets around their suns.

"People once saw gods in the stars," Grandpa said with a smile. "Now we know better, but a little mystery keeps us curious. It pushes us to explore what lies beyond the edge of the map."

We kept watching until three in the morning. The viewing platform got crowded — well, crowded for an observatory: Grandpa, me, and three sleepy cats. Grandpa tied a blanket around my shoulders against the cold. Before I finally fell asleep in the chair, I made a quiet promise: one day I will travel beyond the sky myself, and the stars will not be just stories.

参考译文(自译)

爷爷在山坡上经营着一座小天文台,上周五他终于让我守了整晚的星空。「午夜过后天空最好,」他说,「那时山下的小镇都睡着了。」

十点钟我就困了,可我不肯在见到神奇景象之前睡着。爷爷调好他那台巨大的望远镜,朝我招手。透过镜筒,一团柔和的光正漂浮在黑暗里。「那是一个星系,」他说,「里面有数千亿颗恒星——而外面还有数万亿个星系。」

书里读过星星是一回事,亲眼看见是另一回事。眼前的景象让我生出一种神秘感。在我的想象中,我不再是寒冷山坡上的男孩:我漂浮在飞船里,处于失重状态,游览太阳系,看行星缓缓绕着各自的太阳转动。

「古人曾在星星里看见神灵,」爷爷笑着说,「现在我们懂得更多了,但留一点神秘感有好处,它推着我们去探索地图边缘之外的东西。」

我们一直看到凌晨三点。观星平台变得拥挤——好吧,对天文台来说算拥挤:爷爷、我,和三只犯困的猫。爷爷把毯子系在我肩上御寒。在椅子里真正睡着之前,我悄悄许了个愿:总有一天,我要亲自飞向天空之外,让星星不再只是故事。

段落

复现的单元词汇(考点提示)

第1段

fall asleep(falls asleep 小镇睡着,拟人用法)

第2段

fall asleep(入睡动作)、telescope(望远镜)、galaxy(星系)、billion(billions of 数千亿)、trillion(trillions of 数万亿)

第3段

mysterious(神秘感)、imagination(在我的想象中)、weightless(失重)、spaceship(飞船)、solar(solar system 太阳系)、movement(movement of planets 行星的运转)

第4段

god(gods 神灵)、beyond(beyond the edge of the map 地图边缘之外)

第5段

crowded(拥挤)、tie(tied 系上)、fall asleep(fell asleep)、beyond(beyond the sky 天空之外)、asleep(睡着状态)

精读二 · Small Town, Big Sky(新闻报道 · 约 320 词)

Last Saturday, a model rocket rose from the sports field of a town middle school and landed safely two minutes later. The successful launch was the first test of Junior Space Lab, a student project run entirely by fourteen teenagers.

The project requires serious preparation. Before touching a single tool, the members studied geology, solar power and basic engineering. "Some people called our plan crazy," says team leader Lin Qiu. "When the first design failed, we nearly had to cancel everything. But we kept going."

Everything on board the little craft was built by the students themselves: the rocket body, the camera that will operate during the next flight, and a model satellite to be carried on top. In case of rain or strong wind, the launch will be moved to Sunday. A local newspaper published their story last week, and the team's expectations rose with it.

Their next mission is even bolder: a model rover that can drive across a fake moon surface, plus a joint survey with a city science museum on how teenagers lose interest in science. "We also hope to cooperate with schools in other towns," Lin Qiu adds. "Exploration is never a one-person job."

The students say they may not fly a mannedspaceship themselves — at least, not yet. "Human beings have already set foot on the moon, and spacecraft have visited every planet in the solar system," says Lin Qiu. "Maybe one day, telescopes will find an exoplanet just like Earth. When that day comes, someone from a small town might be on board. Someone like us."

参考译文(自译)

上周六,一枚模型火箭从一座乡镇中学的操场上腾空而起,两分钟后安全落地。这次成功的发射,是「少年太空实验室」的首次测试——一个完全由十四名中学生运营的项目。

这个项目需要认真的准备。动第一件工具之前,组员们先学了地质、太阳能和基础工程。「有人说我们的计划疯了,」队长林秋说,「第一个设计失败的时候,我们差点把一切都取消。但我们撑下来了。」

飞行器上的一切都出自同学们之手:火箭箭体、下次飞行时将投入运行的相机,还有一枚将被带上去的模型卫星。万一遇上大雨或强风,发射就改到周日。上周,一家本地报纸刊登了他们的故事,团队的期望也随之水涨船高。

他们的下一个任务更大胆:一辆能在仿真月面上行驶的模型探测器,外加与市科技馆联合开展的一项调查——调查青少年是如何对科学失去兴趣的。「我们还想和其他镇的学校合作,」林秋补充,「探索从来不是一个人的事。」

同学们说,他们未必能亲自驾驶载人飞船——至少现在还不能。「人类已经踏上了月球,宇宙飞船到访过太阳系的每一颗行星,」林秋说,「也许有一天,望远镜会找到一颗和地球很像的系外行星。等到那一天,船上也许会有一个小镇来的身影。比如我们。」

段落

复现的单元词汇(考点提示)

第1段

rocket(模型火箭)、launch(发射,名词用法)

第2段

require(requires 需要)、geology(地质)、solar(solar power 太阳能)、crazy(说计划疯了)、cancel(取消)

第3段

on board(飞行器上)、craft(the little craft 飞行器)、operate(投入运行)、satellite(模型卫星)、in case(in case of + 名词)、launch(发射改期)、publish(刊登)、expectation(expectations 期望,注意本句将来时被动 will be moved)

第4段

mission(任务)、rover(模型探测器)、survey(调查)、cooperate(cooperate with 合作)

第5段

manned(载人飞船)、spaceship(飞船)、human being(human beings 人类)、set foot on(踏上月球)、spacecraft(宇宙飞船,单复数同形)、exoplanet(系外行星)、on board(呼应第3段)、telescope(望远镜)

欢迎转发给正在背 人教版初中英语九上 Unit6的同学;关注我,每个单元都有一篇这样的考点全解

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