初中英语：易混词汇辨析
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数
cloth 指布，为不可数名词
clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用
a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident 指小事件,
accident 指不幸的事故
He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount 后接不可数名词，
number 后接可数名词
a number of students
4. sound, voice, noise
sound 自然界各种各样的声音，
voice 人的嗓音，
noise 噪音
I hate the loud noise outside.
5. photo, picture, drawing
photo 用照相机拍摄的照片，
picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，
drawing 画的画
Let's go and see a good picture.
6. weather, climate
weather 一天内具体的天气状况，
climate 长期的气候状况
The climate here is not good for you.
7. road, street, path, way
road 具体的公路，马路，
street 街道，
path 小路，小径，
way 道路，途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the
museum.
8. course, subject
course 课程（可包括多门科目），
subject 科目（具体的学科）
a summer course
9. custom, habit
custom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接
to do，
habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing.
I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
10. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接
of sth./doing sth，
reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for
sth./doing sth.
the reason for being late
11. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数），
exercises 练习（可数），
practice（反复做的）练习
Practice makes perfect.
12. class, lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.
指课文用lesson.
指班级或全体学生用class.
lesson 6; class 5
13. speech, talk, lecture
speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的
演说，
talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，
lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课
a series of lecture on…
14. work, job
二者均指工作。
work 不可数，job 可数
a good job
15. couple, pair
couple 主要指人或动物，
pair 多指由两部分组成的东西
a pair of trousers
16. country, nation, state, land
country 侧重指版图，疆域，
nation 指人民，国民，民族，
state 侧重指政府，政体，
land 国土，国家
The whole nation was sad at the news.
17. cook, cooker
cook 厨师，
cooker 厨具
He is a good cook.
18. damage, damages
damage 不可数名词,损害，损失;
damages 复数形式,赔偿金
$900 damages
19. police, policeman
police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，
policeman 指某个具体的警察
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
20. problem, question
problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think
about, solve, raise，
question 常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer 连用
21. trip, journey, travel
travel 是最常用的，
trip 指短期的旅途，
journey 指稍长的旅途，
a three-day trip
22. sport, game
sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，
打猎，赛马等；
game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则
His favorite sport is swimming.
23. price, prize
price 价格，
prize 奖，奖品，奖金
win the first prize The price is high/low.
24. a number of, the number of
a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数。
the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。
The number of students is increasing.
25. in front of, in the front of
in front of 范围外的前面，
in the front of 范围内的前面
In the front of the room sits a boy.
26. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment 片刻，一会儿，
for the moment 暂时，一时
Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
27. next year, the next year
next year 将来时间状语，
the next year 过去将来时间状语
He said he would go abroad the next year.
28. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year 一年多，
more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）
29. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice 征求意见，
take the advice 接受忠告
He refused to take the advice and failed again.
30. take air, take the air
take air 传播，走漏，
take the air 到户外去，散步
31. in a word, in words
in a word 总之，一句话，
in words 口头上
In a word, you are right.
32. in place of, in the place of
in place of 代替，
in the place of 在…地方
A new building is built in the place of the old one.
33. in secret, in the secret
in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；
in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语
My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
34. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea 当海员，出航，
by sea 乘船，由海路，
by the sea 在海边
go by sea
35. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the
teacher
the doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老
师，
the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个
老师
the doctor and teacher is
36. in office, in the office
in office 在职的，
in the office 在办公室里
He is in office, not out ofoffice.
37. in bed, on the bed
in bed 卧在床上，
on the bed 在床上
The book is on the bed.
Heis ill in bed.
38. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of 管理，负责照料，
in the charge of 由……照料
He is in charge of thematter.
The matter is in the charge of her.
39. in class, in the class
in class 在课上，
in the class 在班级里
He is the best student inthe class.
40. on fire, on the fire
on fire 着火,
on the fire 在火上
Put the food on the fire.
The house is on fire.
41. out of question, out of the question
out of question 毫无疑问的，
out of the question 不可能的
42. a second, the second
a second 又一，再一，
the second 第……
He won the second prize.
43. it, one
it 同一物体，
one 同类不同一
I lost my pen.
I have to buy a new one.
44. that, this
that 指代上文所提到的，
this 导出下文所要说的
I was ill. That's why…
45. none, nothing, no one
none 强调有多少，
nothing, no one 强调有没有，
nothing 指物，
no one 指人
--- How many…/How much…?
--- None.
46. anyone, any one
anyone 指人，不能接of，
any one 指人物均可，可接of
any one of you
47. who, what
who 指姓名或关系，
what 指职业或地位
What is your dad?
He is a teacher.
48. what, which
what 的选择基础是无限制的，
which 在一定范围内进行选择
Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
49. not a little, not a bit
not a little 非常，
not a bit 一点也不
I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。
50. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by oneself 单独的，独自的，
for oneself 为自己，
to oneself 供自己用的，
of oneself 自行的，自动的
The door opened of itself.
51. high, highly
high 具体的高，
highly 抽象的高，高度的
think highly of
52. healthy, healthful
healthy 健康的，健壮的，
healthful 有益于健康的
healthful exercise
53. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping 正在睡觉，
asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，
sleepy 困的，有睡意的
asleeping baby 睡着的婴儿
The baby is asleep. 婴儿睡着了
I'm sleepy.我困了
54. gold, golden
gold 指真金制品，
golden 指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish
a gold ring 金戒指
55. most, mostly
most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大
部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，
mostly 大部分,是副词
most people, the people are mostly…
56. real, true
real 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想
象的，
true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符
合
real gold, a true story
57. respectful, respectable
respectful 尊敬，有礼貌，
respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的
be respectful to the aged
58. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant 常用作定语，
pleased, pleasing 常用作表语，
pleased 主语常为人，
pleasing 主语常为物
a pleasant trip.
The trip ispleasing.
59. understanding, understandable
understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，
understandable 可理解的，能够懂的
an understanding girl,
an understandable mistake
60. close, closely
close 接近，靠近，
closely 紧紧地，紧密地
closely connected, standclose
61. ill, sick
ill 做表语，
sick 定，表均可
a sick boy
62. good, well
good 形容词，
well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词
He is well again.
63. quiet, silent, still
quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音，
silent 不发出声音，但可以动，
still 完全不动，完全无声响
He stand there still.
他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
64. able, capable
able 与不定式to do 连用，
capable 有能力的常与of 连用
He is capable of cooking…
65. almost, nearly
二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用almost
almost nobody
66. late, lately
late 迟，晚，
lately 最近，近来还可以做形容词，最新的
I haven't seen him lately(recently).
67. living, alive, live, lively
living, alive, live 均为活着的，
living 定表均可，
alive 定表均可，定语后置，
live 只能做定语，
lively 意为活泼的
all the living people
= all the people alive
68. deep, deeply
deep 具体的深，
deeply 抽象的深，深深地
deeply moved, dig deep
69. worth, worthy
二者均为值得，
worth 后接doing，
worthy 后接to be done,
of being done
It is worth visiting.
= It's worthy to be visited.
= It's worthy of being visited.
70. happy, glad
happy 高兴，幸福，定表均可，
glad 高兴，只能做表语
a happy girl
71. instead, instead of
instead 是副词，放在句首或句末，
instead of 是介词短语，放在句中
He didn't see a film.Instead he watched TV.
He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
72. raise, rise
raise 及物动词，
rise 不及物动词
The sun rises in the east.
73. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring 拿来，
take 带走，
carry 随身携带，
fetch 去回这一往返动作
fetch a box of chalk
74. join, join in, take part in
join 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in
参加小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的
活动
He joined the army fiveyears ago.
75. learn, study
learn 学习，侧重学习的结果，
study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
76. want, hope, wish
want 打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do,
hope 希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that…
wish 希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) todo, wish
sb/sth. + n.
I wish you success.
77. discover, invent, find out
discover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，
invent 发明本来不存在的物体，
find out 发现，查明
At last he found out the truth
78. leave, leave for
leave 离开，
leave for 前往
He left Beijing for Shanghai.
79. rob, steal
rob 抢劫rob sb. of sth.，
steal 偷steal sth. from sb.
80. search, search for
search 后接地点，
search for 后接东西
He searched his pocket for money
81. win, lose, beat
win 后接sth.，反义词为lose,
beat 后接sb.
win the game, beat them
82. live on, live by
live on 以…为主食，
live by 靠…谋生
live on fish / live by fishing
83. beat,hit, strike
beat 连续性地击打；
hit 打中，对准打；
strike 打一下或若干下
84. be tired of, be tiredwith/from
be tired of 厌烦…，
be tired with/from 因为…而累了
be tired with/from running 800 meters
85. care about, care for
care about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句
中；
care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意
He doesn't care about his clothes.
I don't care formovies.
86. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold 不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，
而have a cold 可以
She has had a cold for a week.
87. change for, change into
change for 调换成，
change into 变成
Changethe shirt for a bigger one.
Water changes into ice.
88. continue, last
二者均为持续，
continue 主动，被动均可，
last 只能用主动
The warcontinued/lasted five years.
The story is to be continued.
89. feed, raise
feed 喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，
raise 饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children)
raise the family
90. insist on, stick to
insist on 坚持要求，后常接doing,
stick to 坚持,后常接sth.
stick to the plan
91. mean to do, mean doing
mean to do 打算，想要做某事，
mean doing 意思是，意味着
By this I mean giving thestudents more practice.
92. die from, die of
die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮
食过度等，
die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，
失恋等精神因素
die of hunger and cold
93. pay for, pay back, pay off
pay for 为…付钱，
pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，
payoff 还清
payfor the book, pay off the debt(债务)
94. grow, plant
grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，
plant 移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
plant the trees, trees are growing
95. manage, try
manage to do 设法做成了某事，
try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
96. choose, select
choose 凭个人的判断力进行选择，
select 有目的地仔细认真地选择
choose the best answer
97. build, put up, set up, found
build 一般用语，建成，
put up 临时搭建，
set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全），
found 国家或组织的建成
putup a tent, set up a school
98. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，
be familiar with 某人熟悉某物
Thebook is familiar to me.
I'm familiar with the book.
99. receive, accept
receive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，
accept 接受
I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
100. wear, put on, dress
wear 和dress 表状态,
wear 接衣服等,可用进行时，
dress 接人,
be dressed in, put on 表动作
It's coldoutside.
Put on your warm clothes.
101. listen, hear
listen 强调动作，
hear 强调结果
I listened, but I heard nothing.
102. look, see, watch
look 看的动作，
see 看的结果，
watch 强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展
watch TV
103. lie, lay
lie 躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，
lay 平放(laid, laid) lay the book
104. work as, act as
work as 工作是…，
act as 充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色
He works as a teacher.
He acts as an interpreter.
105. hurt, injure, wound
hurt 感情上受伤，
injure 事故中受伤，
wound 战争中受伤
He was wounded in the war.
106. turn, get, grow
turn 表突变，后常接表颜色的词，
get 强调变的结果，
grow 强调过程，逐渐的变化
turn yellow, get tired, grow big
107. close, shut, turn off
close 和shut 当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物
体，
turn off 用于指有开关的物体
Close/Shut the door.
Turn off the TV.
108. set out, set about, set off
指出发，着手时，set out 后接to do，set about 后
接doing, set off 后接for sp.
109. at work, in work
at work 在工作，在上班，
in work 有职业，有工作
Both my parents are at work.
They are not at home.
110. increase to, increase by
increase to 增长到…，
increase by 增长了…
The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.
111. day after day, day by day
day after day 日复一日（无变化）；
day by day 一天天地（有变化）
Trees grow taller day by day.
112. after, in (表时间)
after 接时间点，
in 接时间段
after 7:00, in five minutes
113.
either…or…&
neither…nor…
&
not
only…but also… & both…and…
[误] Either he or I are right.
[正] Either he or I am right.
前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词
要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的
谓语动词则要用复数.
