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常考同义词、近义词及形近、易混词比较
分析《大纲》对词汇的要求及题型类别,可以看出词汇部分的要考点分为以
下四个部分:辨别词形相近、意义不同的易混词、辨别同义词或近义词的含义和
用法;常用动词、形容词与名词、介词短语的搭配;短语动词主干词与其后的副词
小品词或介诃短语的用法辨析。对常考的同义词、近义词及相关词组的分析如下。
1. able / capable / competent
【辨析】 able 比较常用,指具有做某事所需的能力,如力量、技巧、知识、
时间等,常见的固定搭配为 be able to do sth .; capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可
以是表现出来的,也可以是潜在的能力,常见的固定搭配为 be capable of doing sth .;
competent 常指“胜任的”“有能力的”指受过专业的技能训练,但并不是非常
出众的。
The older child should be able to prepare a simple meal .(这个大一点的孩子应
该能做顿简单的饭菜。)
The kitchen is capable of catering for several hundred people .(这间厨房可为
数百人提供饮食。)
He was a loyal , distinguished and very competent civil servant .(他是一个忠诚、
出色、很有能力的公务员。)
2. accident / incident / event
【辨析】 accident 事故,意外,常用来指突发的事情; incident 指在政治上引
起国际争端的事情或事变; event 指特别重要的事情,也指国家或社会的事件。
She was involved in a serious car accident last week .(她上个星期出了一场严
重的车祸。)
The incident increased the contradictions between the two countries .(这一事
件加深了两个国家之间的矛盾。)
A new inquiry into the events of the day was opened in 2002.(对那天发生的事
件的新一轮调查于2002年开始。)
3. accumulate / collect / enlarge / gather
【辨析】 accumulate 指把东西聚集在一起,使其成为十堆,即“积累起来”;
collect 指为了特定的目的,把物品经过仔细挑选后收集起来; enlarge 指从形体、尺寸、数量等方面扩大、增长; gather 指把物品集中在一起或把人召集在一起。
Lead can accumulate in the body until toxic levels are reached .(铅在人体内可
能积聚到产生铅中毒的程度。)
Two young girls were collecting firewood .(两位年轻女孩在拾柴火。)
The college has announced its intention to enlarge its stadium .(该学院已宣布
了扩建其体育馆的打算。)
After known facts have been gathered . the scientist comes to the part of the
investigation that requires considerable imagination .(收集到各种已知的材料之后,
科学家就得投人需要一定想象力的调查研究中去。)
4. accurate / exact / precise
【辨析】 accurate 准确的,精确的,指时钟、手表的精确; exact 正确的,指符
合一定的标准或准则,含没有错误的意思: precise 精确,精密,一般指仪器的精密。
The test can accurately predict what a bigger explosion would do .(这项测试能
精确地预测一场更大的爆炸可能产生的后果。)
The exact number of protest calls has not been revealed .(抗议电话被拨打的
确切次数尚未披露。)
The precise location of the wreck was discovered in 1988.(残骸的确切位置是
在1988年发现的。)
5. accuse / charge / sue
【辨析】 accuse 指责,指控,常见的固定搭配为 accuse sb . of sth .; charge 尤
指在法庭上控告某人,常见的固定搭配为 charge sb . with sth .; sue 控告,诉讼,常见
的固定搭配为 sue sb . for sth .。
We accused him of immortal conduct toward her .(我们指责他对她的不道德
行为。)
The police charged the driver with reckless driving .(警方指责该司机鲁莽驾
驶。)
I can sue you for slander .(我可以控告你诬陷。)
6. achieve / acquire / require
【辨析】 achieve 表示成功地完成或实现某事; acquire 一般用来表示取得或获得某物; require 一般用来表示要求或需求。
She hoped to achieve her ambition to become a singer .(她希望实现当歌唱家
的抱负。)
They acquired the target by radar .(他们用雷达捕获了目标。)
The police required the traveler to unlock his suitcase .(警察要求这位旅客将
手提箱打开。)
7, actual / genuine / original / real / practical
【辨析】 actual 指实际上、事实上存在或发生的事情,或人所共知的客观事
实; genuine 指对某件事情的描述与其真实情况一模一样,名副其实; original 指信
息或消息等原原本本的情况,或见解等有独到之处,而非与别人一样; real 指真实
存在的,不具假的或捏造的; practical 指从实践、实用角度讲实事求是的,可行的,
有实际经验的。
The exercise in this chapter can give you a true guide , but you have to do the
actual work yourself .(本章的练习可以为你提供一定的指导,但真正的工作还需要
你自己来做。)
They are convinced the picture is genuine .(他们现在确信那幅画是真品了。)
Indians were the original settlers of the American continent .(印第安是美洲大
陆真正的开拓者。)
Would you mind telling us your real purpose of doing so ?(你能否告诉我们你
这样做的真正目的是什么?)
Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered , we do not yet have any
practical way to prevent it .(尽管诱发癌症的病因正被揭开,但我们还没有任何预
防它的有效方法。)
8. admit / confess / acknowledge
【辨析】 admit 表示大胆地承认以前试图否认或推诿的坏事; confess 表示
承认自己的错误或罪行: acknowledge 表示不情愿或不得已而承认。
He frankly admitted his error .(他坦率地承认了自己的错误。)
I confess to having heard about it .(我承认曾听说过这件事。)
He refused to acknowledge defeat .(他拒绝认输。)
9. adopt / adapt【辨析】 adopt 采用,采纳,收养; adapt 适应,修改。
The committee ultimately adopted his suggestions .(委员会最终采纳了他的建
议。)
I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions .(我认为他应该使自
己适应新的情况。)
10. advise / convince / persuade
【辨析】 advise 表示建议、劝告,不表示是否成功; convince 指向别人陈述
事实,并运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服; persuade 指成功地说服某人做某事。
We strongly advise you to rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking .(我们坚决
建议你改掉抽烟的坏习惯。)
He convinced me of the difficulty of the work .(他使我确信这件工作的艰巨
性。)
I am trying to persuade him to give up the attempt .(我正力图劝他放弃这种
尝试。)
11.affect / effect / influence
【辨析】 affect 动词,表示“影响”时可分三种情况:①直接的、有形的力量
作用于某事物或事件并使之发生变化;②表示对某事物产生不好的影响;③指对他
人感情上的影响。 effect 效果,效应,是名词。 influence 通常指不易觉察到的、
潜移默化的影响,往往是间接的,通过说服或以实际行动树立榜样而对他人产生影
响。
They try to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer .(他们试图通过使用肥料
来影响农作物的大小。)
Exposure to intense light affects one ’s eyes adversely .(强烈的灯光对视力
不利。)
Music affects some people very strongly .(音乐对一些人有很强的感染力。)
Overacting will only spoil the effect .(表演过火,效果反而不好。)
He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine .
(他是受到位中学老师的影响而学医的。)
12. aid / help / assist【辨析】 aid 指先由对方提出请求而提供帮助,多用于组织机构提供的帮助;
help 指主动帮助别人,常用搭配为 help sb . do sth ,和 help sb , with sth .; assist 指
下属或旁人提供的帮助。
We will aid their struggle against violent repression .(我们将帮助他们反抗残
酷的压迫。)
I helped him ( to ) find his wallet .(我帮他找到了他丢失的钱包。)
Perhaps I could assist in some way .(也许我能帮您一点儿吧。)
13. alone / lonely
【辨析】 alone 表示独自,强调的是状态,没有感情色彩,在句中只能作表语;
lonely 表示孤独的、寂寞的,强调的是内心的感受,在句中能作表语和定语。
He traversed alone the whole continent of Africa from east to west .(他独自一
人从东到西跨越整个非洲大陆。)
She has a soft place in her heart for al lonely people .(她同情所有孤独的人。)
14. annoy / bother / trouble / disturb
【辨析】 annoy 指外界的干涉让人无法忍受、令人讨厌,或指某人故意或怀
有敌意地去打扰别人; bother 指一般的打扰或麻烦,没有故意的含义; trouble 指烦
恼、麻烦,一般是给别人带来行动或身心上的痛苦; disturb 指打扰或打断别人正
在进行的事情。
It annoyed me to be kept waiting so long .(让我等了这么久,真叫我生气。)
Her baby sister bothered her for candy .(她的小妹妹缠着她要糖果。)
I ' m rather troubled about my friend ’ s health .(我为朋友的健康感到非常
忧虑。)
Please do not disturb us when we are working .(工作的时候请不要打扰我
们。)
15. argue / debate / dispute
【辨析】 argue 强调说理、论证,后面引导短语或从句; debate 指辩论的双
方各自陈述理由,尤其是公开地、正式地辩论; dispute 指就有分歧的地方进行激
列的争论,并含有相持不下或未得到解决的意味。
The senator argued with the President about the new tax bill .(参议员与总统为新税法案争辩。)
The homeowners debated the value of a road on the island .(房东们争论岛上
一余道路的价值。)
We disputed with each other on various issues .(我们为各种问题互相争论。).
16. assure / ensure / entrust / insure 法请州
【辨析】 assure 表示说话人以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生;
ensure 指保证其行为会产生某种确定的结果: entrust 指把某种事情委托给别人:
insure 表示保险,有时可以和 ensure 互换。
She assured herself that no one was left on the bus .(她查明没人留在公交车
上。)
I cannot ensure his being on time .(我不能保证他会准时。)
We entrusted him with our lives .(我们把自己的生命托付给他了。)
He was insured against death .(他给自已保了人寿险,)
17. alive / live / vivid / lively
【辨析】 alive 指活着的、活跃、有活力的.和 dead 反义,常作表语; live 指
有生命的,即 having life ，或指电视节目等现场直播的； vivid 指人的表情、故
事等生动、逼真、活泼等；lively 指人或生物等充满生机和活力,即活泼的、充满
生气的。
The river is alive with birds and fish .(鸟儿和鱼儿使那条河充满活力。)
It was broadcast live in 60 countries .(节目在60个国家现场直播。)
He sketched the situation in a few vivid words .(他用几句生动的语言简述了
局势。)
I looked a bit stiff while they were so lively .(他们都非常活泼,显得我太拘谨
了。)
18. approve / permit / consent / justify
【辨析】 approve 指较正式地对某事表示认可、赞同或批准; permit 指允许、
不禁止某人做某事; consent 指同意某人已经提出的意见或要求对方完成的事情;
justify 指设法证明所做的事情是正当的或无罪的。
Don ’t expect him to approve of your plan straight away .(别指望他马上会接受你的计划。)
The parliament permits women to vote .(议会准许妇女选举。)
He consented to make a few alterations .(他同意做一些改动。)
The act was barely justified by the circumstances .(这些情况不足以证明这一
行为是正当的。)
19, area / region / zone / district
【辨析】 area 通常用于面积可测量或计算的地区,界限明确,但不指行政规
划; region 常指地理上有天然界限或具有某种特色(如气候、自然条件)、自成一
个单位的地区,另可指较大的行政单位;zone 通常指地理上的“地带”; district 指
行政划分的区,比 region 小,通常指市镇内的一区。
The violent volcanic forces upheaved the land of the whole area .(火山爆发的
强大力量使整个地区的土地隆起。)
The region abounds in coal .(这个地区煤矿丰富。)
They circumnavigated the danger zone and speeded along .(他们绕过危险地
带疾驶而去。)
They checked to see if she enrolled among the voters of their district .(他们查
看她是否被登记在该区的选民名单中。)
20. awake / wake / awaken / waken
【辨析】四个词同义,都表示醒来、唤醒,均可作及物和不及物动词,但 awake
和 wake 多用作不及物动词, wake 后常加 up , awake 也可作形容词,表示醒的。
awaken 和 waken 多用作及物动词。
I awoke at five with a feeling of dread .(我5点醒来,有点恐惧感。)
I wish you would wake up .(愿你能振作起来。)
The leader attempted to awaken us to the dangers we are facing .(领导人试图
使我们认识到我们所面临的危险。)
I was wakened from sleep by the earthquake last night .(我昨晚被地震惊醒。)
21. award / reward / prize
【辨析】 award 作动词,意为授予(奖金、奖品),后面跟双宾语,作名词指奖金
或奖品; reward 作动词,意为报酬、酬谢,只能跟人或人的行为作宾语,作名词指为了某项劳动或行为所付的酬金; prize 作名词,多指在竞赛中所赢得的奖。
The degree of B . A . was awarded to her .(她被授予文学学士学位。)
How can I reward you for your kindness ?(我怎样才能报答你的好意呢?)
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology .(他因生理学
方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。)
22. base / basis
【辨析】 base 指任何起支撑作用的基础、底座、基地等; basis 多指构成观
点、思想、
理论等的基础、依据,固定搭配为 on the basis of sth .。
The harbour is an important naval base .(该港是一个重要的海军基地。)
We wanted to bottom our plan on a solid basis .(我们想把我们的计划建立在
牢固的基础上。)
23. beat / win
【辨析】 beat 意为打败、战胜,后面跟人作宾语; win 意为赢得,后面跟表示
比赛的名词作宾语。
I beat him at the tennis .(我打网球赢了他。)
Who do you think will win the next election ?(你觉得下次选举谁会获胜?)
24. beneath / below / under
【辨析】 beneath 表示同表面接触,与 on 相对; below 表示在下面、低于,
与 above
相对; under 表示在正下方,与 over 相对。
He wore a woolen vest beneath his shirt .(他在衬衫里面穿了件毛背心。)
There is a bridge below the waterfall .(在瀑布下游有一座桥。)
The shoes are under the bed .(鞋在床下。)
25. behave / conduct / act
【辨析】 behave 指人的行为、举止和表现,本为不及物动词,但也可与反身
代词连用; conduct 与 behave 在作行为、举止讲时同义,但 conduct 强调自我控
制、约束; act 作行为、举止讲时,为不及物动词,不能与反身代词连用。
I couldn ’t believe these people were behaving in this way .(我难以相信这些人竟会有这种举动。)
He said they were conducting a campaign against democrats across the
country .(他说他们正在全国开展反对民主党人的运动。)
A patient will usually listen to the doctor ’s advice and act on it .(患者通常都
会遵照医嘱行事。)
26. choose / select / pick / elect
【辨析】 choose 为常用语,表示一般的选择; select 指在同类的东西中进行
慎重的选择; pick 一般用于不需要认真权衡就可以做出的选择; elect 指通过选举
或其他方法选举候选人。
They will be able to choose their own leaders in democratic elections .(他们将
能够通过民主选举的方式选择自己的领导人。)
I selected a file and pressed the Delete key .(我选定了一个文件,按下了删除
键。)
I had deliberately picked a city with a tropical climate .(我特意选了一个热带
气候的城市。)
The people of the Philippines have voted to elect a new president .(菲律宾人
民已投票选举出了一位新总统。)
27. complex / complicated
【辨析】 complex 往往指理解上的复杂难懂; complicated 指由许多简单部
分合成的复杂,常指机构或结构的复杂。
He put over a complex and difficult business deal .(他成功地做了一笔复杂而
困难的交易。)
The situation in Lebanon is very complicated .(黎巴嫩的情况十分复杂。)
28. considerate / considerable / thoughtful
【辨析】 considerate 表示考虑周到的、体谅的、体贴的; considerable 表示
数量相当
多的、可观的; thoughtful 表示考虑周到的,和 considerate 可以通用。
I think he ’s the most charming , most considerate man I ’ve ever known .(我
觉得他是我所认识的最有魅力并且最为体贴的男士。)Doing it properly makes considerable demands on our time .(把这事做好要耗
费我们相当多的时间。)
It was a very kind and thoughtful gesture (这真是十分友好、体贴的举动。)
29.case / condition / situation / occasion
【辨析】 case 常指事物的特定情况、事情直相和始末,如病例、案件等;
condition 指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态,也指一个人的身体状况;
situation 往往指一组情形或状况的综合,常译为状况、形势; occasion 指特定的时
机、场合。
It can be difficult for public figures to win a libel case .(公众人物想打赢诽谤官
司可能会很难。)
He remains in a critical condition in a Californian hospital .(他在加州的一家医
院里,病情仍然十分危急。)
And now look at the travel situation in the rest of the country .(现在再来看—
下该国家其他地方的旅游情况。)
Taking her with me on official occasions has been a challenge .(带着她出席正
式场合对我来说一直是个挑战。)
30, chance / opportunity / advantage / fortune
【辨析】 chance 着重指偶然或意外的可能,有时也指好机会,这时可用
opportunity 替代; opportunity 着重指好机会,带有适逢其时、正好便于行事之意;
advantage 指有利的条件或优势; fortune 指人交好运气,有一定迷信色彩。
The electoral council announced that all eligible people would get a chance to
vote .(选举委员会宣布,所有有资格者都将获得投票的机会。)
I had an opportunity to go to New York and study .(我曾经有一个去纽约学习
的机会。)
Men have created a social and economic position of advantage for themselves
over women .(男性已经为自己创造了优于女性的社会和经济上的有利地位。)
Government ministers are starting to wonder how long their good fortune can
last .(政府部长们开始怀疑他们的好运还能够持续多久。)
31, contest / match / game / play / competition【辨析】 contest 指人与人之间进行争夺以取得优胜; match 指对手之间进
行的比赛、竞赛等力量或智慧较量; game 指决胜负的游戏、运动或比赛,通常有
一套规则; play 是一般用语,指通过游戏或运动达到娱乐目的的文体活动;
competition 指对手之间以某种手段或智慧、力量等压倒对万而获胜。
They contested against the worlds best runners in the games .(在运动会上他
们与世界最优秀的赛跑选手竞争。)
All the newspapers reported on the football match of France versus Italy .(所有
的报纸都报道了法国队对意大利队的足球比赛。)
I dived in when the game started .(游戏开始时我就参加进去了。)
After a few hours of play , they were taken by the babysitter to bed .(他们玩了
几个小时后被保姆带去睡觉了。)
Will you judge at the swimming competition next week ?(你愿意担任下周游
泳比赛的评委吗?)
32. compose / compile / create / produce
【辨析】 compose 指把各种材料和构思写成文章、乐曲等; compile 着重指
汇集资料而后加工成书籍等: create 着重指从无到有地进行创造、创作等;
produce 是最一般用词,指通过一切方法提出或生产、制造出产品或思想成果。
She spent her spare time composing poetry .(她利用业余时间作诗。)
It often takes five or six years of hard work to compile a good dictionary .(编一
部好的词典常常需要苦干五六年。)
Costuming experts create new dress styles for ladies every season .(服装设计
专家们每个季度都为女士设计新的服装式样。)
Canada produces high - quality wheat .(加拿大生产优质小麦。)
33. condense / reduce / contract / compress
【辨析】 condense 指通过冷凝、浓缩作用使某物变得更结实或更稠密;
reduce 指使事物的数量、质量减少或变弱、变小,或有所降低; contract 指某物体
积或容积收缩变小,与 expand 反义; compress 指通过压、挤、熨平等方式使物
体变小或减少而少占一些空间。
If steam touches cold surfaces , it is condensed into water .(蒸气接触到冷的表面就凝结成水。)
We can reduce his speech to three sentences .(我们可以把他的演讲归纳成三
句话。)
A hedgehog often contracts its body into a ball .(刺猬常常把身体收缩成一个
圆球。)
Wood cuttings and sawdust can be compressed into boards .(木头的碎渣和锯
末可以压成木板。)
34. cure / heal / treat
【辨析】 cure 指疾病的治愈; heal 强调治愈的结果,可指疾病的痊愈,也可指
精神
的恢复; treat 多侧重治疗过程。
Time cured him of his grief .(时光的流逝消除了他的悲痛。)
This kind of ointment will heal the scald .(这种软膏能使烫伤痊愈。)
The dentist will treat my tooth .(这名牙医将医治我的牙齿。)
35. damage / destroy / harm / ruin
【辨析】 damage 一般指部分性的破坏,含有可以修复的意思; destroy 指彻
底的毁坏或破坏; harm 多指带来悲痛、产生恶果的伤害,可以是肉体的也可以是
精神的; ruin 指由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏,其比喻用法有彻底毁坏名
声、欺侮等意思。
Fe maliciously damaged a car with a baseball bat .(他用棒球棒恶意损毁了一
辆汽车。)
No one was injured in the explosion , but the building was completely
destroyed .(没有人在爆炸中受伤,但大遭到了彻底毁坏。)
The hijackers seemed anxious not to harm anyone .(劫持犯似乎焦虑不安,不
想伤害任何人。)
Entire villages have been washed away . Roads and bridges have been
destroyed and crops ruined .(这些村庄全部都被冲走了。道路和桥梁都被破坏了,
农作物也全毁了。)
36. decrease / reduce【辨析】 decrease 表示逐渐减少或缩减; reduce为常用语,使用范围较大,可
以指范围、数量、程度的减小,也可以指地位、经济状况等的降低。
Water consumption decreased during the winter .(冬季水消耗量减少。)
They have to reduce expenses this year .(他们今年必须削减开支。)
37. discover / invent / conceive / devise
【辨析】 discover 表示发现存在的事物; invent 表示发明或创造不存在的事
物; conceive 指构想出某种主意、方案或计划,着重指用脑筋设想、想象; devise
着重指从多种可能性中反复研磨、试验,想出某种计划或设计出新东西。
He discovered America in 1492.(他于1492年发现了美洲。)
So they need to invent a new term .(所以他们需要创造一个新的术语。)
In ancient times the world was conceived as flat .(在古代,地球被认为是扁平
的。)
The professor has devised a new method of teaching foreign languages .(那位
教授发明了一种教外语的新方法。)
38. durable / permanent / perpetual / long - lasting
【辨析】 durable 指衣物的经久耐用或友谊、和平、品德等持久的、耐久
的; permanent 指永久不变的,如“水久的”住宅、地址或职业等; perpetual 指万
世不变的或持续不断出现的; long—lasting 指事物旷日持久、历时已久的性质。
There can be no durable development and prosperity without peace .(没有和
平,就不可能有持续的发展和持久的繁荣。)
Heavy drinking can cause permanent damage to the brain .(酗酒可能会造成永
久性大脑损伤。)
He is on a perpetual search for truth .(他毕生在寻求真理。)
One of the long - lasting effects of the infection is damage to a valve in the
heart .(感染的长期后果之一是使心脏的一个瓣膜受损。)
39. doubt / suspect
【辨析】 suspect 类似 regard 或者 think ,表示认为(宾语)是真实的; doubt
意为不相信(宾语)是真的,类似 not believe 。
No one doubts his loyalty .(没人怀疑他的忠诚。)I suspect it was Tom who stole the money .(我怀疑是汤姆偷的钱。)
40. extend / stretch / spread / scatter / expand
【辨析】 extend 指从内朝外延伸出去; stretch 指把某样东西变长,通常不是
加长,而是用拉伸的方法使之变长; spread 指使事物摊开、展开或消息等向四面八
方传播开; scatter 指把事物撒开; expand 指使事物从小向大增长、扩散或膨胀。
The carpenter extended the measuring tape as far as it would go .(木匠把卷尺拉长
到最长。)
The forest stretches for miles .(森林绵延数英里。)
She spreads a sheet on the sofa for me .(她为我在沙发上铺了一条被单。)
When the tree falls , the monkeys scatter .(树倒猢狲散。)
Heat expands most metals .(加热使大多数金属膨胀。)
41. equipment / facility / appliance / instrument
【辨析】 equipment 指成套的装备、设备、器具; facility 指服务性的设施
或为使主要设备工作方便而造的辅助设备; appliance 指用于特定目的的工具、器
具或家用器具等; instrument 指科研、实验仪器或乐器等。
They strapped on a variety of equipment .(他们用皮带把各种装备捆好。)
What recreational facilities are now available ?(现在有些什么娱乐设施?)
He could also learn to use the vacuum cleaner , the washing machine and
other household appliances .(他可以再学学使用吸尘器、洗衣机和其他家用电
器。)
This instrument is highly sensitive .(这架仪器很灵敏。)
42. endure / bear / stand / tolerate
【辨析】 endure 表示长时间经受痛苦而不屈服,正式的书面用语; bear 表示
忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情; stand 表示忍受,多用于口语; tolerate 表示自
我克制的态度,对令人反感的事情不发表任何反对意见。
His plays have endured for more than two centuries .(他的戏剧历经两个多世
纪而不衰。)
His work won ’t bear scrutiny .(他的工作经不起细察。)
How can you stand such insolence ?(你怎么能忍受这样的侮辱?)We don ’t tolerate smoking in the library .(我们不容许在图书馆里抽烟。)
43. error / mistake / fault / shortcoming
【辨析】 error 是常用语,可以指任何错误,固定搭配为 commit / make an
error ;stake 指判断或理解方面,或因考虑不周而造成的错误,固定搭配为 make a
mistake , fault 表示过失,常用来指因缺少某因素而不完美: shortcoming 指人或事
物的缺点。
The accident was caused by human error .(这一事故是人为错误造成的。)
He compounded his mistake by arguing with the teacher .(他与老师争吵是错
上加错。)
It is mainly because of my fault .(这主要是由于我的过错。)
The book ’s main shortcoming is in what it overlooks .(这本书主要的缺点就
是它忽略了一些东西。)
44. exchange / replace / substitute
【辨析】 exchange 表示相互交换; replace 表示替换、取代; substitute 表示
用……代替。
The two armies exchanged prisoners .(两军交换了战俘。)
Trams are being replaced by the buses .(电车正在被公共汽车所代替。)
Would you please substitute for me tomorrow ?(明天你能帮我替个班吗?)
45. fame / honour / reputation
【辨析】 fame 为常用语,一般指好的名声; honour 指荣誉、尊敬,尤指受到
公众尊
敬的荣誉; reputation 指公众对某人的看法可好可坏。
He owed his fame to good fortune .(他把他获得的名望归因于好运。)
His action profaned the honour of his country .(他的行为有损国家的荣誉。)
The book is well worthy of his reputation .(这本书完全配得上他的声望。)
46. grasp / seize / snatch
【辨析】 grasp 为常用语,表示用适度的力量抓牢; seize 表示突然用力抓住;
Snatch
表示出其不意地突然抓取。If you grasp this rope , I will pull you up .(如果你抓住这根绳子,我可以把你拉
起来。)
All the soldiers were ordered to go in and seize the city .(全体士兵接到命令发
动进攻,夺取该城。)
When rolling down the hill , he snatched at a rock .(在向山下滚的过程中,他一
把抓住了一块岩石。)
47.initiate / launch / start / set off
【辨析】 initiate 用作较正式的场合,表示发起、倡议,口语可用 begin 代替;
launch 公开、有一定声势地发起或开始某项事业或运动; start 指事物从静止状况
开始运动,或开始某种实际活动等; set off 常指动身、出发或引起某种突然的行动
They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics .(他们想开展二次经济学讨
论。)
The police have launched an investigation into the incident .(警方已对该事件
展开调查。)
In order to get out of the peak - hour traffic , we must start early .(我们得早点
儿动身,以避开交通高峰期。)
The arrival of the charity van set off a minor riot as villagers scrambled for a
share of the aid .(救济物资车的到来引发了小小的骚乱,村民们争先恐后地想抢到
一份援助物资。)
48. intend / volunteer / offer / attempt / try
【辨析】 intend 指心里具有某种尚不明确的意向或决定,即意欲、想要干什
么; volunteer 强调发自内心自觉自愿地行动; offer 指主动地向对方提出建议、给
予奉献或帮助等; attempt 指尝试采取某种行动以观察是否能够成功,暗指对其行
动的结果缺乏成功的把握; try 指尝试、努力做、试用。
Oddly enough , that is precisely what I intend .(说也奇怪,那正是我的打算。)
She volunteered to teach in the school .(她自愿在学校教书。)
He offered me a glass of wine .(他给了我一杯葡萄酒。)
Any attempt to set back the wheel of history is doomed to failure .(任何要使历
史倒退的企图都是注定要失败的。)He tried his fortune in another city .(他在另一个城市碰碰运气。)
49. identical / same / equal / equivalent
【辨析】 identical 指各方面都相同的; same 指在质量、类型、外表或意义
上完全相同,但实质上不完全相同; equal 指数量、程度、大小相等的; equivalent
指价值、效力、意义相等的。
My opinion is identical with his .(我的意见与他的意见相同。)
All circles have the same shape .(所有圆的形状都是相同的。)
Investors can borrow an amount equal to the property ’s purchase price .(投
资者可以获得与房产购买价格相等的借款额。)
The gangsters offered him a sum equivalent to a whole year ’s earnings .(歹
徒提出要给他一笔相当于他一年收入的钱。)
50. imaginative / imaginary / imaginable
【辨析】 imaginative 指人富于想象力的; imaginary 指存在于想象中的、虚
构的、不真实的; imaginable 指可以想象的。
The imaginative child made up fairy stories .(这个想象力丰富的孩子自己编神
话故事。)
The unicorn is an imaginary beast .(独角兽是幻想出来的动物。)
We had the greatest difficulty imaginable .(我们遇到了可以想象到的最大困
难。)
51. literal / literary / literate
【辨析】 literal 表示文字上的、字面的; literary 表示文学的; literate 表示
人有文化的、受过教育的。
He made a literal interpretation .(他逐字解释。)
My father often contributes to a literary journal .(我的父亲常在一个文学刊物
投稿。)
He is the most literate of the whole family .(他是全家最有文化的一个。)
52. merge / combine / join / unite
【辨析】 merge 指数家公司或商行合并为一家,或使原来的事物在新事物中
消失或被吞没; combine 指把原来的事物结合起来成为新的统一体; join 指把一些东西结合在—起,或连接在一起; unite 与 combine 相近,尤指把各种力量团结成
一个整体。
We can merge our two small businesses into a larger one .(我们可以把我们的
两家小商店合并为一家大商行。)
Education must be combined with productive labour .(教育必须与生产劳动相
结合。)
How do you join these broken pieces together ?(你是如何将这些碎片连接起
来的?)
The crisis of war united the whole country .(战争的危机使全国团结起来。)
53. migrant / immigrant / emigrant
【辨析】 migrant 意为移民、移居者,从一地区迁移到另一地区的人;
immigrant 指
移人者,即入境移民; emigrant 指自本国移居他国者,即出境移民。
Migrant workers are vulnerable to exploitation .(流动工人易受剥削。)
Mortality among immigrant groups was higher than average .(移民群体的死亡率高
于平均水平。)
He is a British emigrant to Australia .(他是个移居澳大利亚的英国人。)
54. neglect / overlook / ignore
【辨析】 neglect 表示有意或无意地忽略或忽视应该做的事; overlook 表示
由干粗心大意而忽略某东西或某事物; ignore 表示不顾、不理、不加分析地拒绝
考虑。
His genius was neglected for several years .(他的创造能力被忽视了好几年。)
The important details were overlooked by them .(很重要的细节都被他们忽略
掉了。)
The baby felt ignored by her parents .(那个婴儿感到被父母忽视了。)
55. persist / insist / stick :
【辨析】 persist 表示坚持,常用搭配为 persist in doing sth .; insist 表示坚持,
后面跟介词 on 或由 that 引导的名词性从句; stick 表示坚持,常用搭配为 stick to
sth .。He persisted in denying his knowledge of the matter .(他始终否认知道这事。)
I insist on his innocence .(我坚持认为他是无辜的。)
She stuck to the work until it is finished .(她坚持工作,直到把工作完成为止。)
56. present / devote / dedicate / contribute
【辨析】 present 指试探性地提出自己的见解或将物品出示给别人看;
devote 强调专心致志、毫无二心地把自己奉献给某种事业或他人: dedicate 强调
热切而又庄重地献身于某一严肃而神圣的事业: contribute 指给予有益的但并非
至关重要的帮助,即有助于某一事业等。
The exhibition presented a picture of general prosperity in China ’ s
economy .(展览会展示了中国经济一片欣欣向荣的景象。)
She devoted her life to God .(她献身于上帝。)
The judge dedicated his life to fighting corruption .(这名法官毕生致力于反腐
败斗争。)
The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization .(宋
朝的三大发明为世界文明作出了贡献。)
57. purpose / goal / aim / end / object
【辨析】 purpose 表示意图,多指为了达到某个目的而采取行动,常用搭配为
on purpose (故意): goal 表示经过仔细考虑而选择的长远目标,需努力或克服困难
才能达到: aim 表示短期的目标,一般比较具体,也比较实际; end 表示目标、目的,
比较正式的用语: object 表示比较明确的、具体的单个目标,一般出于某种需要或
愿望。
They deviated from their purpose .(他们背离了自己的目的。)
Our goal can be wrapped up in one word 一 quality !(我们的目标可以归结为
一个词一质量!)
She took careful aim , but her arrow fell short .(她仔细瞄准,但箭没有击中目
标。)
The police force is being manipulated for political ends .(有人为了政治目的在
操纵警方。)
Our object is to further cement trade relations .(我们的目标是进一步巩固贸易关系。)
58. postpone / retard / delay
【辨析】 postpone 指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间,意即延期、推迟;
retard 指行动迟缓而造成的贻误、延迟或阻碍; delay 常指由于某种原因将某事
耽搁或延迟。
The match was postponed to the next day because of bad weather .(比赛因天
气不好而延期到第二天进行。)
Shortage of labour power retarded our economic development .(缺乏劳动力
使我们的经济发展速度减慢。)
The dense fog delayed the plane ’s start .(浓雾延误了飞机的起飞。)
59. respectable / respective / respectful / respected
【辨析】 respectable 表示尊敬的、值得尊敬的: respective 表示各自的、各
个的,修饰名词时,名词一般用复数形式: respectful 表示充满敬意的、有礼貌的:
respected 表示“受人尊敬的”。
He came from a perfectly respectable middle - class family .(他出生于一个非
常正派的中产阶级家庭。)
They went into their respective bedrooms to pack .(他们回到各自的卧室打包。)
He was always so polite and respectful .(他总是彬彬有礼.尊敬他人。)
She is a well respected member of the international community .(她在国际社
会中非常受人敬重。)
60. say / talk / speak / tell （常考点）
【辨析】 say 后面要跟说话的具体内容; talk 表示和某人交谈,常用搭配为
talk with / to sb ., talk about sth .; speak 后面跟表示某种语言的名词; tell 意为告诉,
常用搭配为 tell sb . sth ., tell sth . to sb ., tell sb .( not ) to do sth .。
I say this without vanity .(我这样说并不是虚夸。)
I have something to talk with you .(我有点儿事要和你谈一谈。)
French and English are spoken here .(这里通用法语和英语。)
He has told me about the new colleague .(他已经向我告知新同事的情况。)
61. special / particular / peculiar / specific【辨析】 special 指与普通的、平常的、一般的东西在某些方面不相像;
particular 指一类人或事物中特定的、特殊的、独一无二的; peculiar 指奇特的、
特殊的,与正常的情况、表现相比使人感到奇怪的; specific 指特殊的、特效的、
详细而精确的。
The choice of computer is dictated by our special needs .(对计算机的选择取决
于我们的特殊需求。)
We aren ’t able to cater for your particular needs .(我们不能满足你的特殊需
要。)
This is a peculiar choice .(这是一个奇怪的选择。)
We should make a concrete analysis of each specific question .(我们必须具体
问题具体分析。)
62.solve/ answer / resolve
【辨析】 solve 意思是解决,常用搭配为 solve the problem ; answer 意思是回答、
应答,常用搭配为 answer the question , answer the telephone ; resolve 意思是解决,
用来解决问题或疑问等,常用搭配为 resolve a difficulty ,另外还可表示“决心”,常
用搭配为 resolve to do sth .。
I must alert him to the need to solve the problem .(我必须使他认识到解决这
个问题的必要性。)
How could you answer him so casually ?(你怎么能这样随便回答他呢?)
I ’m sure they will soon resolve all the difficulties .(我可以肯定地说他们很快
会解决所有的困难。)
He was resolved to become a football player .(他决心做一名足球运动员。)
63. worth / worthy / worthwhile / valuable（常考点）
【辨析】 worth 多做表语用,指某一用途有特殊价值的或拥有财产的; worthy
指有价值的、配得上的、与……相符相称的,一般作表语; worthwhile 指值得花时
间去研究或付诸实施的,可做表语和定语; valuable 指某物具有实用性方面、交换
方面或其他方面的价值,意即有价值的、贵重的,可做表语和定语。常考搭配：be
worth doing= be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done. 例句：This is a
worthwhile book. （该句可改为：This is a worthy book. = This book is worth
leading. = This book is worthy of being read. = This book is worthy to beread. ）这本书值得一读。
The stamp is not worth collecting .(这张邮票不值得收藏。)
The book is well worthy of his reputation .(这本书完全配得上他的声望。)
It might be worthwhile to consider your attitude to the insurance policy .(花点
时间考虑考虑你对这种保险单的态度是很值得的。)
The geological prospecting team ranged over the desert in search of valuable
deposits of oil .(地质勘探队走遍了这片沙漠,寻找有开采价值的油层。)
64.spend /pay / cost /take (常考点)
【辨析】四个词都可以表示“花费……”之意,但用法各有不同。
spend 以人作主语,构成 spend + some money / time+on sth ./( in ) doing
sth .,表
示“某人花费了金钱/时间在某事上(或者做某事)”。
pay 以人作主语,构成 pay some money for sth .,多表示“花费金钱”,少与时
间搭配。
cost 以物作主语,构成 cost sb . some money / time ,表示“某物花费了某人
金钱/时间”。
take 通常构成 it 为形式主语的句式,即 it takes + sb .+ some money / time to
do sth .,表示“做某事花费了某人金钱/时间”。
我花25美元买5本书。
I spend 25 dollars on five books .
I pay 25 dollars for five books .
The five books cost me 25 dollars.
It takes me 25 dollars to buy five books .
65. seat/ room/ place /space （常考）
四个词都可以表示“空间”之意。具体区别如下 seat 意思是“座位”,可数名词。
room 意思是“空间”,不可数名词。 place 作“地方”之意时,是可数名词,作“空间”
之意时,是不可数名词。 space 表示“空间”之意时,可强调空地或空旷的开阔地带。
You can take my seat since you have a baby .你带着孩子,坐我的座位吧。
The piano takes up too much room in my house .这架钢琴在我家占据了太多空间
This is a wonderful place to have a picnic .这是野餐的好地方。
The world exists in space and time .世界存在于时空之中。
66. encourage/enhance /endeavor/encounter
【辨析】en 做前缀时多表示动词词性,意为“加强,使之…”,与不同词根和
后缀组合成为含义不同的单词。
encourage 意思是“鼓励”。 enhance 意思是“提高”。
endeavor 兼具名词和动词词性,意思是“努力”。
encounter 兼具及物动词与不及物动词词性,意思是“偶然遇见”,作为不及
物动词使用时,经常与 with 搭配,构成 encounter with ,强调出乎意料地遇见。
例如:
The teacher encouraged her students not to give up .老师鼓励学生不要放弃。
The new technology will enhance our operation effectiveness .新技术会提高
我们的工作效率。
I shall endeavor to do my duty as a teacher .我将恪尽教师职责。
We encountered with so many problems in dealing with the new project .在应
对这项新工程时我们出乎意料地遇到了许多问题。
67. reform/ refund/ refusal /refreshment
【辨析】 re —做前缀,在含义上表示“再一次,重复”。可以从前缀、后缀、
中心词的构成中,寻找到单词意义的来源。
reform 词形构成为: re -(再,又)+ form (形状),意思是“改革”。 refund 词形
构成为: re -(再,又)+ fund (基金),意思是“退款”。 refusal 词形构成为: re -(再,又)+
fus (融入、注人、汇人)+ al (名词后缀),意思是“拒绝”。 refreshment 词形构成
为: re -(再,又)+ fresh (新鲜的)+ ment (名词后缀),意思是“茶点”。
The company started a programme of management reform .公司开始管理改革
项目。
If there is no reply for 24 hours , you will receive a full refund .如果 24 小时没
有回复,你将收到全额退款。
His refusal to negotiate is very annoying .他拒绝谈判真让人恼火。Refreshments will be served during the break .休息时间有茶点提供
