📚 适用版本：外研版选择性必修第二册 Unit 3（文化传承、城市变迁、社会发展、语言文字主题）

✨ 讲义前言：本次精筛Unit3高考高频必考核心词汇、短语，整合课本全部重点词，剔除冗余冷门内容，全覆盖熟词生义、词形变形、高考固定搭配、写作高分句型、真题例句。适配高二同步巩固、单元检测、高考一轮基础复习，所有习题对标高考语法填空、完形、写作题型，解析严谨规范，可直接背诵、刷题、积累作文素材。

📝 练习题型：单项选择（语境词义辨析）+ 词性转换（高考语法填空题型）+ 句子翻译（写作实战训练）

文章末尾可领取本文内容可直接打印的高考高频考词PDF版，方便学生自测。

1. decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年；十年期

🔥 高考核心考点：阅读、语法填空超高频时间类名词，常结合时态、现在完成时设题，写作万能时间状语，适配社会发展、变迁类话题。

📌 词性变形：decadal adj. 十年间的；持续十年的

✅ 必考固定搭配：for decades 几十年来｜over the past decade 在过去十年里｜a decade of development 十年的发展

📖 高考真题例句：China has made great progress in the fight against poverty over the past decade.（在过去十年里，中国在脱贫攻坚战中取得了巨大进展。）

2. legendary /ˈledʒəndəri/ adj. 传奇式的；大名鼎鼎的

🔥 高考核心考点：阅读形容词辨析、写作高阶替换词，用于人物、事物赞美，替换famous，提升作文档次。

📌 词性变形：legend n. 传说；传奇人物｜legendarily adv. 传奇地；极其

✅ 必考固定搭配：a legendary hero 传奇英雄｜legendary tales 传奇故事｜legendary musician 传奇音乐家

📖 高分例句：The legendary musician is known for his unique style of jazz.（这位传奇音乐家以其独特的爵士乐风格而闻名。）

3. elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 年老的 n. 老年人（集合名词）

🔥 高考核心考点：完形、语法填空、写作高频词！the elderly集合名词用法为易错点，单复数谓语均可，适配养老、社会关爱类话题。

📌 词性变形：elder adj. 年长的 n. 长辈｜old adj. 年老的（基础词）

✅ 必考固定搭配：the elderly 老年人｜elderly people 长者｜care for the elderly 关爱老人

📖 高考真题例句：Many elderly people in the community benefit from the new public services.（社区里许多老年人从新的公共服务中受益。）

4. sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情；赞同；支持

🔥 高考核心考点：读写全能核心词！词义丰富，同情、支持双义常考，词形变形为语法填空必考，适配公益、助人、社会热点话题。

📌 词性变形：sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的｜sympathize v. 同情；支持

✅ 必考固定搭配：have/feel sympathy for sb. 同情某人｜express sympathy for sb. 慰问某人｜in sympathy with 支持；赞同

📖 高考真题例句：The public showed great sympathy for the victims of the natural disaster.（公众对自然灾害的受害者表现出极大的同情。）

5. dusty /ˈdʌsti/ adj. 布满灰尘的；陈旧的

🔥 高考核心考点：阅读环境描写高频词，比喻义“陈旧过时的”为熟词生义考点，完形语境辨析常考。

📌 词性变形：dust n. 灰尘 v. 掸灰｜dustbin n. 垃圾桶｜duster n. 抹布

✅ 必考固定搭配：a dusty room 布满灰尘的房间｜dusty streets 尘土飞扬的街道｜dusty old books 陈旧的书籍

📖 高分例句：The old house, with dusty windows, had been empty for years.（这座窗户布满灰尘的旧房子已经空置多年。）

6. furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/ n. 家具（不可数）

🔥 高考核心考点：改错、语法填空超级易错点！**绝对不可数**，无复数、不能直接加a，必须用a piece of修饰，高考高频挖坑点。

📌 词性变形：furnish v. 配备家具；布置｜furnished adj. 带家具的

✅ 必考固定搭配：a piece of furniture 一件家具｜office furniture 办公家具｜second-hand furniture 二手家具

📖 高分例句：The new apartment is empty, so we need to buy some furniture.（这套新公寓空空荡荡，我们需要购置一些家具。）

7. exterior /ɪkˈstɪəriə/ n. 外部；外观 adj. 外部的

🔥 高考核心考点：完形、阅读对比辨析高频词，常与interior（内部）成对考查，适配建筑、事物外观描写。

📌 词性变形：external adj. 外界的；外部的｜exteriorly adv. 外表上

✅ 必考固定搭配：the exterior of the building 建筑外观｜exterior walls 外墙｜exterior decoration 外部装饰

📖 高分例句：The exterior of the house is painted white, while the interior is light blue.（房子外墙刷成白色，内部则是浅蓝色。）

8. humble /ˈhʌmbl/ adj. 简陋的；谦虚的 v. 使谦卑

🔥 高考核心考点：写作满分高阶词！双义必考，既可描写环境简陋，也可形容人品谦逊，替换基础modest，适配人物品质、奋斗话题。

📌 词性变形：humbly adv. 谦虚地｜humility n. 谦逊；谦卑

✅ 必考固定搭配：a humble home 简陋的居所｜be humble about one’s achievements 淡泊成就｜humble beginnings 卑微的出身

📖 高考真题例句：The scientist remained humble despite his great contributions to the field.（这位科学家深耕领域贡献卓著，却始终谦逊低调。）

9. compete /kəmˈpiːt/ v. 竞争；比赛；争夺

🔥 高考核心考点：高中核心万能词！词形变形、固定搭配为语法填空、完形必考，适配体育、职场、校园竞争类话题。

📌 词性变形：competition n. 竞争；比赛｜competitive adj. 有竞争力的｜competitor n. 参赛者；对手

✅ 必考固定搭配：compete with/against sb. for sth. 为某物与某人竞争｜compete in a contest 参加比赛

📖 高考真题例句：Many athletes from different countries will compete in the Olympic Games.（来自各国的运动员将参与奥运会赛事角逐。）

10. emphasise /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v. 强调（英式）

🔥 高考核心考点：写作、阅读高频动词！美式拼写emphasize，名词变形emphasis为超高频考点，是作文观点论证万能词。

📌 词性变形：emphasis n. 重点；强调（复数emphases）｜emphatic adj. 着重的

✅ 必考固定搭配：emphasise the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性｜put emphasis on 重视；强调

📖 高考真题例句：The teacher emphasised the importance of reading aloud in learning English.（老师强调了大声朗读在英语学习中的重要性。）

11. era /ˈɪərə/ n. 时代；年代；纪元

🔥 高考核心考点：社会发展、文化类写作核心词，替换time/age，高级适配新时代、科技时代、历史变迁类作文。

✅ 必考固定搭配：a new era 新时代｜the digital era 数字时代｜enter an era of 进入……的时代｜mark an era 标志一个时代

📖 高考真题例句：The invention of the Internet marked the beginning of a new era in human history.（互联网的问世开启了人类历史的新纪元。）

12. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ n. & v. 改革；改进；改良

🔥 高考核心考点：时政、社会发展类读写必考词，改革开放固定搭配为作文专属高分素材。

📌 词性变形：reformer n. 改革者｜reformable adj. 可改良的

✅ 必考固定搭配：economic reform 经济改革｜educational reform 教育改革｜reform and opening-up 改革开放｜carry out reforms 实施改革

📖 高分例句：The reform and opening-up policy has greatly changed China over the past decades.（改革开放政策数十年来深刻改变了中国。）

13. pave /peɪv/ v. 铺路；为……创造条件

🔥 高考核心考点：写作黄金句型动词！比喻义“铺平道路、创造条件”为高考作文高频加分句式，适配奋斗、合作、科技发展话题。

📌 词性变形：pavement n. 人行道（英式）｜paver n. 铺路工

✅ 必考固定搭配：pave a road 铺路｜pave the way for sth. 为某事铺平道路、创造条件

📖 高分例句：The hard work of scientists paved the way for the new medical breakthrough.（科学家们的深耕钻研为这项医学新突破铺平了道路。）

14. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议；主动性 adj. 主动的

🔥 高考核心考点：新高考高频词！名词双义必考，主动精神、政策倡议，一带一路倡议为专属写作素材。

📌 词性变形：initiate v. 发起；启动｜initial adj. 最初的

✅ 必考固定搭配：take the initiative 主动行动｜launch an initiative 发起倡议｜the Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议

📖 高考真题例句：Students are encouraged to take the initiative in solving problems in the new teaching model.（新教学模式鼓励学生主动解决问题。）

15. intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图；目的；打算

🔥 高考核心考点：语法填空、完形辨析高频词，搭配固定且极易设题，intend系列变形为高考必考体系。

📌 词性变形：intend v. 打算｜intentional adj. 故意的｜intentionally adv. 有意地

✅ 必考固定搭配：have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事｜with the intention of doing 怀着做某事的目的｜be intended to do 旨在做某事

📖 高分例句：The policy was introduced with the intention of reducing social crime.（这项政策出台旨在降低社会犯罪率。）

16. accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 易懂的；可获得的；可到达的

🔥 高考核心考点：access形容词变形，高考超级高频！适配教育、资源、科技话题，阅读、填空、写作全覆盖。

📌 词性变形：access n. 使用权 v. 获取｜inaccessible adj. 无法获得的；难懂的

✅ 必考固定搭配：be accessible to sb. 对某人易懂/可获得｜accessible language 通俗易懂的语言

📖 高分例句：The author writes in a style that is accessible to young readers.（作者的写作风格浅显易懂，适合年轻读者。）

17. tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势；倾向；偏好

🔥 高考核心考点：图表作文、阅读高频名词！描述社会趋势、个人倾向专用，替换基础trend，句式高级。

📌 词性变形：tend v. 倾向于；往往会；照料

✅ 必考固定搭配：have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向｜a growing tendency 日益增长的趋势

📖 高分例句：There is a growing tendency for people to work online at home.（居家线上办公成为日益普遍的趋势。）

18. facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. 促进；使便利；协助

🔥 高考核心考点：写作高阶加分动词！替换promote/help，适配合作、交流、发展类话题，阅卷偏爱高级词。

📌 词性变形：facility n. 设施；天赋｜facilitation n. 促进；便利化

✅ 必考固定搭配：facilitate communication/cooperation 促进沟通/合作｜facilitate development 助力发展

📖 高分例句：Modern technology facilitates the sharing of global information.（现代科技助力全球信息共享。）

19. convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的

🔥 高考核心考点：写作、阅读辨析高频词，用于论证、观点、证据描写，词形变形体系完整，语法填空常考。

📌 词性变形：convince v. 说服；使确信｜convinced adj. 坚信的｜conviction n. 信念

✅ 必考固定搭配：convincing evidence/argument 有力的证据/论点｜a convincing speech 有说服力的演讲

📖 高分例句：She put forward a convincing argument to support her opinion.（她提出了极具说服力的论据来支撑自己的观点。）

20. secondary /ˈsekəndri/ adj. 次要的；中等教育的；第二位的

🔥 高考核心考点：完形、写作对比辨析核心词，常与primary（主要的）对应考查，教育话题高频。

✅ 必考固定搭配：be secondary to 次于……｜secondary education 中等教育｜secondary school 中学

📖 高分例句：Safety is primary, and cost is secondary in the project.（该项目中安全为首要考量，成本次之。）

二、单元专项达标练习题（高考同步难度）

题型一：单项选择（20题 全覆盖核心词汇）

1. Over the past ______, great changes have taken place in Chinese rural areas.

A. decade  B. decade’s  C. decades’  D. decadal

2. The ______ artist has devoted all his life to traditional folk music.

A. ordinary  B. legendary  C. famous  D. unknown

3. The community provides free medical services for the ______.

A. elder  B. elderly  C. old  D. older

4. Most people feel deep ______ for the poor and homeless children.

A. sympathy  B. satisfaction  C. surprise  D. success

5. The ______ windows of the old house showed that it had been abandoned for long.

A. clean  B. dusty  C. bright  D. new

6. We only need a little new ______ to decorate our new flat.

A. furniture  B. furnitures  C. piece of furnitures  D. a furniture

7. The building’s ______ is simple but elegant, attracting many visitors.

A. exterior  B. interior  C. internal  D. inner

8. Despite his great success, he remains ______ and hard-working.

A. proud  B. humble  C. arrogant  D. casual

9. Athletes from all over the world ______ each other in the international games.

A. compete with  B. agree with  C. deal with  D. play with

10. Teachers always ______ the significance of persistent learning.

A. ignore  B. emphasise  C. doubt  D. refuse

11. The rapid development of technology has opened a new ______ for human society.

A. time  B. era  C. age  D. stage

12. Educational ______ help to improve the quality of national education.

A. reforms  B. rules  C. orders  D. plans

13. Years of hard work ______ the way for his final success.

A. paved  B. took  C. made  D. got

14. Young people are encouraged to take the ______ in solving social problems.

A. action  B. initiative  C. measure  D. step

15. She has no ______ to give up her dream of becoming a teacher.

A. intention  B. attention  C. attraction  D. reaction

16. The popular science book is written in simple language, ______ to teenagers.

A. accessible  B. available  C. acceptable  D. adaptable

17. Modern people have a ______ to pursue a more comfortable life.

A. tendency  B. trend  C. talent  D. taste

18. Online communication greatly ______ the exchange of ideas.

A. hinders  B. facilitates  C. blocks  D. delays

19. He offered a ______ explanation for his mistake, so we all believed him.

A. convincing  B. confusing  C. boring  D. complex

20. In study, efficiency is primary, and speed is ______.

A. primary  B. major  C. secondary  D. key

题型二：词性转换（20题 对标高考语法填空）

1. Great changes have taken place in the past ______ (decade).

2. He is a ______ (legend) figure in the field of traditional art.

3. More care should be given to the ______ (elder) in society.

4. She was full of ______ (sympathize) for the homeless stray animals.

5. The room looks very ______ (dust) after being empty for months.

6. The room is fully ______ (furnish) with modern furniture.

7. The ______ (exterior) beauty of the building impressed all guests.

8. He accepted his failure ______ (humble) and started over.

9. All the ______ (compete) are well prepared for the final match.

10. The speech put ______ (emphasize) on the importance of teamwork.

11. We have entered a new ______ (era) of technological innovation.

12. The social ______ (reform) has brought people a better life.

13. His efforts have ______ (pave) the way for further cooperation.

14. She showed great ______ (initiate) in organizing school activities.

15. The rule is ______ (intention) designed to protect students’ rights.

16. The teacher makes knowledge more ______ (access) to students.

17. There is a growing ______ (tend) for green consumption.

18. New technology plays a ______ (facilitate) role in education.

19. His argument is so ______ (convince) that no one doubts it.

20. ______ (second) education is essential for teenagers’ growth.

题型三：写作翻译（8题 高考话题高分句型）

1. 过去十年，中国的文化传承事业取得了巨大进步。

_________________________________________________________

2. 我们应当对弱势群体心怀同情，主动伸出援手。

_________________________________________________________

3. 真正优秀的人始终谦逊，从不夸耀自己的成就。

_________________________________________________________

4. 良性竞争能够推动个人与社会的共同进步。

_________________________________________________________

5. 科技创新为人类社会的发展铺平了道路。

_________________________________________________________

6. 年轻人应该主动承担社会责任，积极参与公益活动。

_________________________________________________________

7. 通俗易懂的语言更有利于文化的传播与普及。

_________________________________________________________

8. 我们必须强调终身学习在新时代的重要意义。

_________________________________________________________