高中英语必会前缀+后缀+词根(学生检测版本)

高中英语必会前缀＋后缀＋词根（学生检测版本）

共143 条 ｜ 前缀 · 后缀 · 词根 ｜ 高中英语词汇系统记忆

英语是拼音文字，一个词的意思往往藏在它的“部件”里：前缀管方向与语义，后缀管词性，词根决定核心含义。掌握这批高频词缀与词根，零散的单词就会结成有规律的网络——把“背单词”换成“拆单词”，效率完全不同。

下面按前缀、后缀、词根三部分整理，共143 条，例词后的横线均为自测留白。建议对照自己的薄弱环节分节使用，不必一次读完。

▍使用说明

1. 先记词缀义，再猜词义：看到陌生词，先拆出词缀与词根，往往能推出大意；拆不动的部分，再回到语境里确认。

2. 横线是留白，不是答案：本文不附答案。第一遍遮住右侧、口头说出中文意思；第二遍动笔回填；第三遍只看词缀复述。

3. 按节推进，三天回测：一次一小节约10—15 分钟，三天后回头复测同一节，比一次通读记得牢。

▍全文速览

A. 前缀　39 条—— 改变词义，不改变词性

B. 后缀　51 条—— 一般改变词性，词义基本不变

C. 词根　53 条—— 决定词的核心含义

A. 前缀

词加了前缀后一般不改变词性，只改变词义。

1. anti-反对；防、抗

antibody______antiwar ______antisocial ______

2. auto-自己、自动

automatic______autobiography ______automobile ______

3. a-

①表状态：在……，以……abroad ______alive ______aside ______

②加强动作adjust ______attract ______address ______

③否定：不、非abnormal ______asocial ______

4. bi-双，两个

bicycle______bilingual ______biweekly ______

5. be-

①在……、是behind ______beside ______below ______

②使……变成befriend ______belittle ______

6. by-旁边，侧面；副，非正式

by-product______

7. co-/com-/con-共同，一起

coexist______cooperate ______contemporary ______co-worker ______coexistence ______coauthor ______combine ______combination ______

8. counter-反，对抗

counterattack______counteract ______

9. de-

①除去、反向、否定decrease ______devalue ______destruction ______deforest ______

②加强、使成为declare ______design ______

10. di-

①二，双dioxide ______dilemma ______

②分开、使分离divide ______digest ______

11. dis-不；分开、否定

dislike______dishonest ______distract ______discourage ______

12. ex-向外；前任的

export______exclude ______ex-president ______expose ______

13. en-及物动词前缀：使成为某种状态、致使、加强词义

enlarge______endanger ______entrust ______enlighten ______encourage ______enrich ______enable ______

14. extra-之外；超过

extraordinary______extracurricular ______

15. fore-预先，前面

foresee______foretell ______forehead ______

16. il-/im-/in-/ir-否定，不

illegal______impossible ______illogical ______inaccessible ______irregular ______imperfect ______impolite ______immoral ______incorrect ______informal ______irrational ______

17. im-/in-进入，向内

import______imprison ______indoor ______intake ______

18. inter-在……之间；相互

interact______international ______interrelation ______interview ______interdependence ______intervene ______

19. micro-微小

microscope______microwave ______microbiology ______

20. mini-小

minibus______miniskirt ______minimum ______

21. mis-错误地

misspell______misunderstand ______misfortune ______

22. multi-多

multimedia______multicultural ______multipurpose ______multinational ______multiply ______

23. non-不，无

nonsmoking______nonstop ______nonprofit ______

24. ob-（变体oc-/of-/op-）朝向；反对；加强

object______obtain ______oppose ______opposite ______opponent ______

25. out-

①在外outline ______outside ______outward ______outlook ______

②超出outnumber ______outperform ______

26. over-

①过度overwork ______overcrowded ______

②在上方；在外overlook ______overhead ______overseas ______

27. per-贯穿，自始至终

perfect______permanent ______perspective ______

28. post-在……之后

postwar______postpone ______postgraduate ______

29. pre-在……之前；预先

prepay______prehistory ______preposition ______prevent ______

30. pro-向前；支持

progress______propose ______promotion ______prospect ______prolong ______

31. re-

①再次reappear ______rewrite ______review ______revive ______

②向后，回return ______recall ______reflect ______

③相反；反对resist ______rebel ______reverse ______

32. sub-/sup-/sus-在下方；次要

subway______subconscious ______subculture ______support ______suspect ______

33. sur-在上面；超过

surface______surpass ______survive ______surround ______

34. un-不；解开、打开

unfortunate______unlock ______unemployment ______

35. under-在下方；不足

underground______underestimate ______underdeveloped ______

36. vice-副

vice-president______vice-chairman ______

37. uni-单一，一个

uniform______unique ______unify ______

38. tele-远

telephone______telegram ______telescope ______

39. trans-跨越、转换

translate______transform ______transplant ______transmit ______transfer ______transport ______

B. 后缀

一般改变词性，词义基本与原词根一致。

▍多词性后缀

1. -ent

①形容词：……的confident ______excellent ______different ______persistent ______

②名词：人student ______resident ______president ______patient ______

2. -ant

①形容词：……的significant ______assistant ______abundant ______ignorant ______

②名词：人assistant ______accountant ______participant ______servant ______

3. -ive

①形容词：有……性质的active ______aggressive ______selective ______expensive ______

②名词：人representative ______detective ______native ______relative ______

4. -ary

①形容词：……的temporary ______elementary ______imaginary ______

②名词：场所／物／人library ______dictionary ______salary ______secretary ______anniversary ______vocabulary ______

5. -ory

①形容词：……的compulsory ______contradictory ______sensory ______

②名词：场所factory ______dormitory ______

6. -al

①形容词：和……有关的personal ______national ______emotional ______global ______coastal ______natural ______exceptional ______educational ______

②名词：行为、事物、人、物品arrival ______refusal ______proposal ______removal ______survival ______approval ______revival ______trial ______mural ______manual ______criminal ______rival ______signal ______

7. -ful

①形容词：充满……的careful ______peaceful ______powerful ______

②名词：一……的量handful ______mouthful ______

8. -y

①形容词：多……的cloudy ______salty ______sleepy ______rainy ______

②名词：抽象名词difficulty ______discovery ______mastery ______injury ______

9. -ate

①形容词：富有……特质的fortunate ______considerate ______private ______passionate ______

②动词：使……separate ______operate ______indicate ______originate ______

③名词：人graduate ______candidate ______advocate ______

10. -en

①形容词：由……制成的golden ______wooden ______silken ______

②动词：使变得……blacken ______sadden ______shorten ______strengthen ______sharpen ______quicken ______broaden ______soften ______

11. -ish

形容词：有点……的foolish ______selfish ______girlish ______

12. -th

①名词：状态、度量truth ______growth ______depth ______warmth ______strength ______

②序数词后缀：第……fourth ______fifth ______

13. -ward

①形容词：向……的upward ______backward ______toward ______

②副词：向……northward ______homeward ______

14. -ar

①形容词：性质、属性similar ______singular ______peculiar ______familiar ______solar ______

②名词：人或物scholar ______beggar ______liar ______

15. -ic

①形容词：……的（侧重本身属性）energetic ______heroic ______historic ______poetic ______patriotic ______organic ______basic ______

②形容词：与……有关的dramatic ______romantic ______systematic ______

③名词：人critic ______mechanic ______

④名词：学科、术语logic ______topic ______music ______magic ______

16. -ile

①形容词：性质、易于……的、可以……的fertile ______fragile ______

②名词：物品textile ______automobile ______

▍纯形容词后缀

17. -able/-ible可……的；能……的

visible______responsible ______avoidable ______accessible ______flexible ______

18. -ical和……相关的

chemical______musical ______historical ______academic ______

19. -ous

①具有……性质的curious ______adventurous ______dangerous ______generous ______

②属于……的；如……的continuous ______prosperous ______disastrous ______glorious ______courageous ______advantageous ______famous ______

20. -less无……的

hopeless______careless ______homeless ______tireless ______countless ______

21. -some令人……的

troublesome______fearsome ______handsome ______

22. -proof防……的

waterproof______bulletproof ______

23. -ual……的（相当于 -al）

actual______gradual ______spiritual ______

24. -fic令……的、导致……的、产生……的

terrific______horrific ______specific ______scientific ______

25. -ial属于……的、具有……性质的

differential______spatial ______facial ______partial ______commercial ______

▍纯名词后缀

26. -er/-ier人／器物

singer______heater ______explorer ______cashier ______barrier ______frontier ______glacier ______

27. -or人

actor______director ______professor ______

28. -ian精通……的人；某地人

musician______physician ______historian ______

29. -ee被……的人

employee______trainee ______interviewee ______

30. -ess女性

waitress______princess ______actress ______

31. -ist……研究者、从业者

artist______dentist ______specialist ______

32. -ism……主义／学说／制度

socialism______idealism ______optimism ______

33. -ship

①身份、关系、状态friendship ______hardship ______membership ______relationship ______

②资格、技艺、成就scholarship ______leadership ______sportsmanship ______craftsmanship ______

34. -ation行为、结果

determination______imagination ______

35. -tion/-sion/-ion动作、抽象名词

conclusion______discussion ______appreciation ______

36. -ance/-ence/-ency

①-ance：性质、状态importance ______patience ______difference ______

②-ence：性质、状态dependence ______confidence ______persistence ______innocence ______excellence ______

③-ency：性质、状态urgency ______emergency ______tendency ______

37. -ment

①行为、结果agreement ______treatment ______argument ______judgement ______punishment ______announcement ______management ______statement ______

②物品、机构、场所monument ______equipment ______apartment ______government ______department ______

38. -ure/-ture行为／结果

pressure______exposure ______failure ______mixture ______structure ______signature ______

39. -age场所／费用／行为结果

village______marriage ______storage ______

40. -ness形容词→名词，抽象

kindness______tiredness ______emptiness ______

41. -cy性质、状态（形容词变名词）

accuracy______efficiency ______privacy ______

42. -ty/-icity/-ility性质、状况（抽象名词）

safety______cruelty ______loyalty ______quality ______publicity ______electricity ______mobility ______

43. -dom性质、状态、身份、集体

freedom______wisdom ______kingdom ______

44. -hood抽象名词：时期、情况、性质、身份、状态

childhood______likelihood ______neighborhood ______boyhood ______

45. -ice抽象：行为、性质、情况

justice______service ______practice ______

46. -ician专业人士

electrician______technician ______physician ______

47. -itude/-tude抽象：性质、状态

attitude______latitude ______aptitude ______solitude ______gratitude ______

48. -logy学科名词

biology______psychology ______sociology ______

49. -logist学科专家

psychologist______biologist ______

▍纯动词后缀

50. -ize/-ise……化

criticize______memorize ______advertise ______modernize ______organize ______realize ______

51. -fy……化，使……

simplify______beautify ______satisfy ______classify ______intensify ______glorify ______purify ______

C. 常见词根

词根决定词的核心含义，与词缀组合后可派生出大量同族词。

1. audi声音

audience______auditorium ______audition ______

2. ann年

annual______anniversary ______

3. ced/ceed/cess行走

exceed______excess ______proceed ______process ______

4. cid/cis切、杀

decide______decision ______precise ______suicide ______homicide ______pesticide ______

5. circ圈

circus______circle ______circuit ______

6. clud关闭

exclude______include ______conclude ______

7. cur = care关心

security______secure ______curious ______cure ______

8. cur/cour/cours跑

occur______current ______course ______curriculum ______

9. dict/dic说

contradict______predict ______indicate ______

10. duc/duct引导

educate______introduce ______conduct ______produce ______reduce ______

11. fact做

factory______manufacture ______

12. flu = flow流动

fluent______influence ______flush ______influx ______

13. grad = step走

gradual______graduate ______upgrade ______degrade ______

14. graph = write写、画、文字、图形

photograph______geography ______biography ______telegraph ______

15. ject = throw投掷

project______reject ______subject ______object ______

16. lect = choose/gather选择；收

elect______select ______intellect ______collect ______neglect ______

17. lev = raise举起

elevate______lever ______relieve ______

18. liter = letter文字；字母

literate______literature ______illiterate ______literal ______

19. log = speak说

apologize______logic ______monologue ______dialogue ______

20. manu = hand手

manuscript______manufacture ______manual ______manage ______maintain ______manner ______

21. memor = memory记忆

memory______remember ______

22. mir = wonder惊奇；惊讶

mirror______admire ______miracle ______

23. numer = number数字

numerous______numeral ______

24. oper = work工作

operate______cooperate ______opera ______

25. popu = people人

population______popular ______

26. port = carry拿、运

import______export ______transport ______report ______support ______sport ______

27. pos = put放

expose______compose ______oppose ______propose ______pose ______position ______purpose ______deposit ______

28. rect = right = straight正、直

correct______direct ______

29. rupt = break破

disrupt______bankrupt ______corrupt ______erupt ______

30. sec/sequ = follow随

second______sequence ______consequent ______subsequent ______

31. sent = sens = feel感觉

sentiment______consent ______sense ______sensory ______sentence ______sensitive ______

32. spect = look看

prospect______spectacle ______inspect ______expect ______suspect ______aspect ______special ______spectator ______speculate ______

33. spir = breathe呼吸

inspire______spirit ______

34. tain/ten/tin = hold拿着，持

contain______obtain ______sustain ______maintain ______tenant ______continue ______

35. tend = stretch伸

extend______attend ______intense ______attention ______tension ______tend ______pretend ______intend ______

36. text = weave编织

texture______text ______context ______pretext ______

37. un = one一个

unit______union ______unique ______uniform ______universe ______reunion ______

38. vari = change变化

various______variety ______

39. vis/vid = see看

visible______visit ______advise ______visual ______television ______revise ______evident ______evidence ______video ______

40. viv = live活

survive______revive ______vivid ______

41. anim生命、活力

animal______animation ______

42. bat打

combat______battle ______debate ______

43. cert确实；确认

certain______certificate ______uncertain ______

44. cult培养

cultivate______culture ______agriculture ______

45. cycl圈、环

bicycle______recycle ______

46. doc教

doctor______document ______documentary ______

47. flect/flex弯曲

reflect______flexible ______

48. frag/fract破、折

fragile______fragment ______fracture ______

49. fund/found底、基础

profound______fund ______found ______

50. mens测量

immense______dimension ______measure ______

51. ment心、神、思、智

mental______mention ______mentality ______

52. mut变换

mutual______mutate ______

53. simil/simul相似

similar______simulate ______simultaneous ______

说明：本文为词汇学习用表，例词后的横线均留白供自测，不附答案。如需按主题或按课标册次重新编排，可在此表基础上二次整理。