ARTICLE · 1320985
新课标 · 小学英语语法大全词法 + 句法 + 时态一篇收齐,建议收藏
新课标 · 小学英语语法大全
词法 + 句法 + 时态
一篇收齐,建议收藏
小学英语语法到底有多少东西?能不能给我一张全的清单,我对着查漏补缺?"
能。我翻了教育部 2022 年版英语新课标,又对着教材捋了一遍,今天把小学阶段要掌握的语法全部整理出来——词法、句法、时态三大块,每条配例句。这篇有点长,但值得收藏,孩子整个小学都用得上。
新课标把语法分成词法(词怎么变形)和句法(句子怎么搭)两部分,要求在语境里"理解和运用"而不是背条文。一级(三四年级)只碰一般现在时和现在进行时,一般过去时和一般将来时是二级(五六年级)的任务。这份大全,就按"先词法、再句法、最后时态"的爬坡顺序排。
第一部分 · 词法(词怎么变形)
1. 名词:单复数是小学语法的"第一关"
规则变化:一般加 s(book→books);以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾加 es(bus→buses,watch→watches);辅音+y 变 ies(baby→babies);以 f/fe 结尾变 ves(knife→knives,leaf→leaves)。
不规则(单独记):man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep(单复数同形)。
不可数名词(没有复数、前不加 a/an):water、milk、bread、rice……量化用"量词+of":a bottle of water。
所有格:单数加 's(Tom's book);复数以 s 结尾只加 '(Teachers' Day);无生命的用 of(the door of the classroom)。
⚠️ 高频错题现场:"I have three ruler."——复数忘加 s,扣了多少娃的分。
2. 冠词:a、an、the 三兄弟
a 用在辅音音素前(a book);an 用在元音音素前(an apple);the 特指(The boy in blue is my friend.)。
⚠️ 易错陷阱:an hour(h 不发音)/ a university(u 发 /juː/ 算辅音)——看的是发音不是字母。
3. 代词:一张表记全
类别 | 我 | 你 | 他 | 她 | 它 | 我们 | 他们
主格 | I | you | he | she | it | we | they
宾格 | me | you | him | her | it | us | them
形物代(后接名词) | my | your | his | her | its | our | their
名物代(不接名词) | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | theirs
指示代词:this(这个)/ that(那个)/ these(这些)/ those(那些)。记忆锚点:形物代后面必须跟名词(my pen),名物代后面不能跟名词(The pen is mine.)。
4. 数词:基数词和序数词
基数词 one、two、three……表数量;序数词 first、second、third、fifth……表顺序,前面常加 the。易错拼写:fifth(不是 fiveth)、eighth(不是 eightth)、ninth(不是 nineth)、twelfth(不是 twelveth)。
5. 介词:时间和方位就靠它们
时间介词(最常考):in + 大时间(in 2026,in October,in the morning);on + 具体某天(on Monday,on May 1st);at + 时刻(at 7:00,at noon)。
方位介词:in(在里)/ on(在上)/ under(在下)/ behind(在后)/ in front of(在前)/ next to(紧挨)/ between(在之间)。
6. 形容词和副词:比较级
一般加 er(tall→taller);以 e 结尾加 r(nice→nicer);重读闭音节双写加 er(big→bigger,hot→hotter);辅音+y 变 i 加 er(happy→happier);不规则:good→better→best。比较跟谁比?跟 than:I am taller than you.
7. 动词:三个"守门员"
be 动词:am/is/are(我用 am,你用 are,is 连着他她它);过去式 was/were。情态动词:can/must/may/should——后面永远跟动词原形(✘ I can swims.)。实义动词三单:主语是 he/she/it 时加 s/es(He likes reading.),特例 have→has。
第二部分 · 句法(句子怎么搭)
1. 陈述句:肯定与否定
否定句=主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't + 动词原形:I don't like apples. / He doesn't like apples.(三单,动词变回原形)/ I didn't go yesterday.
2. 一般疑问句
助动词/be/情态动词提到句首,Yes/No 回答:Do you like apples? —Yes, I do. / Is she a teacher? —Yes, she is. / Can you swim? —Yes, I can.
3. 特殊疑问句:疑问词全家桶
疑问词 | 意思 | 例句
what | 什么 | What is this?
when | 什么时候 | When do you get up?
where | 在哪里 | Where is my pen?
who | 谁 | Who is he?
whose | 谁的 | Whose bag is this?
why | 为什么 | Why are you late?
how | 怎样 | How do you go to school?
how many | 多少(可数) | How many books?
how much | 多少(不可数)/多少钱 | How much water? / How much is it?
how old | 几岁 | How old are you?
how often | 多久一次 | How often do you read?
4. 祈使句 与 5. 感叹句
祈使句:肯定=动词原形开头(Open the door.);否定=Don't + 原形(Don't run in the classroom.)。感叹句:What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词(What a nice day!);How + 形容词(How beautiful!)。
6. There be 句型:某地有某物
There is + 单数/不可数(There is a book on the desk.);There are + 复数(There are some flowers in the garden.)。就近原则:be 跟离它最近的名词走——There is a pen and two books.千万别和 have/has 混:There be="某处有",have/has="某人拥有"。✘ There has a book.(经典错句)
第三部分 · 时态(四大时态,课标分两级学)
1. 一般现在时(一级 · 三四年级)
结构:主语 + 动词原形(三单加 s)| 用途:经常发生的事、习惯、客观事实| 标志词:often / usually / always / every day| 例句:I play football every day. / He likes reading.
2. 现在进行时(一级 · 三四年级)
结构:主语 + be(am/is/are) + 动词-ing| 用途:此刻正在做的事| 标志词:now / look / listen| 例句:Look! She is drawing a picture.
3. 一般过去时(二级 · 五六年级)
结构:主语 + 动词过去式(规则加 ed,不规则单记)| 标志词:yesterday / last week / two days ago| 例句:I played football yesterday.| 高频不规则:go→went,eat→ate,see→saw,buy→bought,have→had,do→did,is/am→was,are→were。
4. 一般将来时(二级 · 五六年级)
结构:主语 + will + 动词原形;或 be going to + 动词原形(侧重打算、计划)| 标志词:tomorrow / next week / soon| 例句:I will visit my grandma tomorrow. / She is going to read a book.
附 · 小学英语 10 大高频易错点
1. 三单忘加 s:✘ He like → ✔ He likes2. 复数忘加 s:✘ three ruler → ✔ threerulers3. 否定句动词没还原:✘ He doesn't likes → ✔ doesn'tlike4. There be 和 have 混用:✘ There has → ✔ Thereis5. 时间介词乱:✘ in Monday → ✔onMonday6. a/an 不分:✘ a apple → ✔anapple7. 情态动词后加 s:✘ He can swims → ✔ canswim8. 过去式当原形背:went 的原形是 go,不规则表要单记9. be going to 漏掉 be:✘ I going to → ✔ Iamgoing to10. 比较级忘双写:✘ biger → ✔ bigger
规则是拿来在句子里用的,不是拿来背的。
这份大全建议收藏慢慢用。最省妈的用法:孩子卷子上的错题,来这里找对应条目,找到一条吃透一条,比刷题海管用。
想让我把哪块再拆细一点?名词复数、四大时态、还是疑问句专项?评论区点菜,我单独出一篇👇
依据:教育部《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》语法知识内容要求(一级/二级)















































































