专题08 一般过去时态&过去完成时态
一、概念
一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I studied in this school three years ago.（过去的动作）
我三年前在这个学校上学。
I was fat before.（过去的状态）
我以前是胖的。
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”，需通过时间状语或上
下文体现时间先后关系。
即：[过去某时刻] → [更早的过去] → [现在]
|______________|
过去完成时动作
二、基本结构和核心用法
一般过去时态及语态
1．主语＋
was
／
were
＋ 其他．
I was fat before. 我之前是胖的。
They were happy yesterday. 他们昨天很开心。
【Tips】：单数用was，复数用were
2．主语＋动词
-ed
（过去式）＋其他．
She played badminton yesterday. 她昨天打羽毛球了。
They had a great time. 他们玩得很开心。
3.一般过去时态的被动语态was/were+done
时间标志词
【yesterday 类】yesterday，the day before yesterday
【last 类】last day／week／month／year／spring／summer／autumn／winter
【ago 类】3 days ago，a month ago，two years ago，long long ago
【this 类】this morning／afternoon
【其他】before（之前），then（那时），just now（刚才），once upon a time（很久以前）
过去完成时态
基本结构
肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词（V-ed）
否定句：主语 + had not（hadn’t） + 过去分词
疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？
例句：She had finished her homework before her mother came back.（妈妈回来前，她已完成作业。）
Had you seen the movie before yesterday?（你昨天之前看过这部电影吗？）
过去完成时态的被动语态：has/have+done
核心用法
1.动作先后：过去时间点前的 “已完成”
标志词：by + 过去时间（by 2020, by last week）、before/when + 一般过去时从句
By the end of last term, we had learned 3,000 words.（到上学期末，我们已学 3000 词。）
When I arrived at the station, the train had left.（我到车站时，火车已开走。）
2.持续到过去：“过去的持续”
常与 for + 时间段 / since + 过去时间点 连用
He had lived in Beijing for 10 years before he moved to Shanghai.（搬去上海前，他在北京住了 10
年。）
3.宾语从句中的 “过去的过去”
主句动词为过去时（said, told, knew 等），从句动作先于主句时用过去完成时
The teacher told us she had visited the Great Wall twice.（老师说她去过长城两次。）
固定句型
1.Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done… when…，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时
Hardly had I sat down when the bell rang.我刚坐下铃就响了。
2.No sooner had sb.done… than…，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时
No sooner had he arrived than it rained.他刚到就下雨了。
3.It was the first /second …time that…，that 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
It was the third time that she had failed the driving test.这是她第三次驾照考试不及格。
4.It was +一段时间+since 从句（从句用过去完成时）
It was three years since he had left home.他离家已有三年。
5.By the time+ 表示过去的从句/表示过去的时间+主句（过去完成时）
By the time we arrived, someone had grabbed all the good seats.我们到达时，所有的好位置都给人占了。
6.表示“意愿，打算“的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend 等的过去完成时表示”原
本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
I had hoped to study abroad, but my parents disagreed.我原本希望出国留学，但父母不同意。
三、一般过去时态与过去完成时态的区别
聚焦的时间点和顺序不同
一般过去时 (Simple Past): 用于描述过去某个特定时间点或时间段内发生并结束的动作或状态。它只关注
动作本身在过去发生，不强调该动作与其他过去动作的先后关系
I ate breakfast at 8:00 AM. (描述早上8 点吃早餐这个过去的动作)
She lived in London for five years. (描述她在伦敦居住五年的过去状态)
They watched a movie yesterday. (描述昨天看电影这个过去的动作)
过去完成时用于描述在另一个过去的动作或时间点之前就已经完成或结束的动作或状态。它强调“过去的
过去”。使用过去完成时通常需要有一个明确的“参照点”（通常是另一个用一般过去时表示的动作或时
间），以表明该动作发生在那个参照点之前。
When I arrived at the party, John had already left. (参照点是“我到达”，John 离开的动作在我到达之前
就已经完成。)
She was tired because she had worked all day. (参照点是“她感到疲倦”，工作一整天这个动作在感到疲倦
之前就已经完成。)
By the time he got home, his wife had cooked dinner. (参照点是“他到家”，做饭的动作在他到家之前已经
完成。)
强调的侧重点不同
一般过去时强调动作或状态发生在过去。
过去完成时强调动作或状态在过去的某个时间点之前就已经完成，突出其完成性和先于其他过去动作的特
性。
常见时间状语/语境：
一般过去时yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ago, in 1990, then, just now 等。
过去完成时 常与以下词语或结构连用，明确标示出那个“参照点”：
before / after (本身已表明时间顺序，有时可用一般过去时替代，但过去完成时更强调完成)
She had left before I arrived. (强调她离开在我到达前完成)
After he had finished his homework, he went out to play.
when (当...的时候，从句动作发生时，主句动作已完成)
When I got to the station, the train had departed. (火车在我到达前已开走)
by the time (到...时候为止)
By the time the doctor came, the patient had died.
already, just, never, ever (强调在参照点之前的状态)
I had never seen such a beautiful place before I went to Hawaii.
在 because, as, since (原因状语从句) 中表示原因发生在结果之前。
He was upset because he had failed the exam.
四、能力提升练
1．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）When Huang Danian felt that his country needed him, he (give)
up his well-paid job and returned to China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping (receive)
the Medal of the Republic in 2019. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）In 1967, the Chinese government (form) a team of scientists
with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）After spending hours in the cold outside, Maria (catch) a fever and
had to stay in bed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Recently, I (concept) a new approach to timekeeping that’s
connected to circumstances on our planet… (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）The differences between most of the groups were statistically
(significant); however, the participants in the 70 decibels group significantly (perform) the other
groups. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Amy (take) detailed notes during the lecture, which took her two
hours (finish). (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be) too much then. (所给
词的适当形式填空)
9．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Present at the conference (be) experts from all over the world. (所
给词的适当形式填空)
10．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）— It is four years since Jack (fall) in love with Mary.
— But they are not (marry) yet. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）It was the first time that Chen Liyan (report) her story. (所给
词的适当形式填空)
12．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）The Boeing 747 made its first flight in 1969, connecting international cities
that (have) no direct routes and helping mass travel become commonplace. (所给词的适当形式填空)
（2024 高三上·全国·专题练习）
By the Song Dynasty, it 13 (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three
Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. ... During the performance, as light shines on the human
figures, vivid shadows 14 (project) onto a screen.
（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）
Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even
without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16
(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
17．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a
dinner, only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
18．（23-24 高三下·全国·课后作业）The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the
pub packed with people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．（23-24 高二上·全国·单元测试）They (live) in China for two years before they (decide)
to move to Canada. （所给词的适当形式填空）
20．（23-24 高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）It was the first time she (leave) her motherland. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
21．（23-24 高三上·河南南阳·阶段练习）I (intend) to say hello to Linda, but she got into her car
and drove off before I could say a word. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．（23-24 高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）The victim had (seek) help desperately, yet there was no
one there to help him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、能力提升检测
23．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习） (我原本打算在月底前完成我的作品), but some unexpected
things stopped me from working on it. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
24．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）After careful consideration, I (终于下定决心去追寻
我的梦想) and became a professional photographer. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
25．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Last semester, I (养成了制定每周学习计划的习
惯), which significantly improved my efficiency. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
26．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）The athlete (克制自己过度庆祝) after his
victory, showing humility and respect for his opponents. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
27．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）With a deep breath, (我鼓起勇气发表我的演讲), inspiring my
classmates with my words of encouragement. (用于读后续写动作描写) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
28．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）As I handed my mother the bouquet of flowers, (她露出
了满意的微笑) and said, “You always know how to brighten up my day.” (根据汉语提示完成句子)
29．（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）Charles Lindbergh (完成了一项壮举) — making the
first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, marking him as one of the greatest adventurers of his time. (根据汉语提
示完成句子)
30．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）The headmaster the prizes to the winners at the sports
meeting. (give 相关短语) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
31．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）He （突然停了下来）that we almost hit him. (根据汉语
提示完成句子)
32．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Only then (我才意识到) how important such a little thing
as cleaning the house was. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
33．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）In fact, Anne had (为……骄傲)
what she had done and enjoyed the entire process. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
34．（2025 高三上·全国·专题练习）Not only （这些国家找到了）a path that did
not run over the relics, but they had also learnt that it was possible to work together. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
35．（24-25 高二下·陕西汉中·阶段练习）The film (已经开始) for 5 minutes when we arrived at the
cinema. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
36．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）After he (从公司辞职), he went to a larger city.
→ , he went to a larger city. (分词短语作状语)
37．（2025 高三上·江苏·专题练习）She had finally (实现了她的抱负) of becoming a
famous writer. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
38．（22-23 高三上·广东广州·阶段练习）They had escaped from the paper bag and had (完全占据)
the hall! （根据汉语提示完成句子）
39．（2022 高三·全国·专题练习）I guessed (他把火腿藏在了帽子下面), but he got it out from his
gloves. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
40．（2022 高三·全国·专题练习）When I got home, I found that my wife and son (睡
着了). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
41．（2020 高三·全国·专题练习）I (刚完成) my homework when suddenly the phone rang. （根
据汉语提示填空）
42．（2010·湖北·高考真题）My mother was so proud of all (我所做的) that she rewarded me with a
trip to Beijing. (do) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
43．（2025·上海嘉定·模拟预测）在最近举行的一个烘焙节上，好多人愿意花天价购买两三口就能吃完的
面包，真是让人看不懂啊！(puzzle) (汉译英)
44．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）“这里太好玩了。”Andy 一边在秋千上玩耍，一边大声说道。(用“善
用对话”句式翻译句子)
45．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）“我们去玩个痛快吧。”Frank 兴奋地提议道。(用“善用对话”句式翻
译句子)
46．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）“我们得快点行动。”他以急切的语气催促道。(用“善用对话”句式翻
译句子)
47．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）隔壁聚会的噪声差点把我的耳朵都震聋了。(用夸张的修辞手法翻译句
子)
48．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）徒步旅行者们突然想到, 他们忘记为这次长途旅行带足够的水了。（It
suddenly hit sb. that...）(汉译英)
49．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）他们刚出发徒步, 乌云就笼罩了天空。（Sb. had just done sth. when...）
(汉译英)
50．（24-25 高三下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。 (turn)
51．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）发现他们为我准备食物，我很感动。(汉译英)
52．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）我被他的所作所为深深打动了，泪水情不自禁地夺眶而出。（汉译英）
