夜雨聆风Step1； 获取每段的main idea
Para1: But elevation is necessarily relative
关键字：But. 除了but 这个词提供了信息外，这一段的每句话其实都有
elevation这个词的出现。所以可以推测这篇文章和海拔高度有关
Para2
这一段的主旨句应该是第一句。海平面作为海拔基准的观念存在太久了以至于人们都忘了它怎么来的。后面几句都在说这个。里面有三个同义词分别为：unnoticed, ignored, forget . 最后一句提到了 the book。承上启下的作用
Para3
作者为什么会写这本书
the booktook shape以及最后一句这This Is how I began my search for theconceptual history of sea level.
Para4； 这本书的主要内容
平均海平面的三个阶段，三个阶段呈现出的问题
Step2：解析文章的主题和结构
主题：人与社会
结构：这是一篇一般特殊性说明文
Part1 (1) 主题 ;海平面的高度是相对的
Part2(2): 人们习惯于海平面，都忘了怎么来的
Part(3-4)；作者写书的原因和书里面的内容
Step3；逐段解析
第一段原文
①The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. ②Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. ③It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. ④Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables.⑤ But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location.
重难点单词
1;common practice : 通行做法，惯例
2;readily available:便于获取
3: reading; 读数
4; wearable:穿戴设备
5:reference point: 参考点
6:above sea level ：海拔，海平面
7;at the foot of ... 在....脚下
第二段原文
OThe idea of sea level as a reference pont forelevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially umnoticed -we mention it without even considering what it means. ②That the concept has a history is easily ignored. 3We tend to forget that sea level is a product of tecnically and culturally determined assumptions. 4In this book I tell a sory of these assumptions.
重难点单词:
1.reference point参考基准点
2.clevation/,clr'vejn/n.海拔,高程
3.has been around 长期存在;由来已久
4.so long as to..时间久到以至于……
5.essentially/i'senjali/ adv.基本上,实质上
6.go unnoticed不被注意;被忽视
7.tend to do sth往往会做某事
8.assumption/ smpjn/n.假设;预设;前提(本篇核心词)
9.technically and culturally determined由技术与文化因素决定的
长难句:
句O The idea【 of sca level】【 as a reference point】【 for elevations】 has 【by now】been around 【for so long as to go essentially uotied】]-we mention it without even considering what it means
黄色字体部分是句子的主干。the idea后面的内容好理解,for so long..这里不 好理解。对于词汇量有限的同学。可以参考-号后面的内容。这一句话就好理解 了)
We tend to forget that sea level is a product I of technically and culturally determined assumptions】
这个句子同样用括号法来画。前半部分很好理解。forget后面是一个宾语从句。 宾语从句的主干部分为sealevel is a product 介词of之后只有一个名词为 assumptions,前面很长的词都是对它的一个修饰。所以,这个句子的完整主干 部分为 sea level is a product of assumption)
第三段原文
OAppropriately, the book took shape during a sunmer spent between sea and mountains.② Amonth afier visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. ③Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪),④Why did they vary ever so slghtly fom one instrument to the next? ⑤This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero.⑥This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.
重难点单词
1;take shape:构思形成
2:appropriately;说来也巧
3:pass出口
4,vary from……..……变化
5:ever so slightly….其轻微的
6:instrument:工具
7:sense of uncertainty;不确定性
8:conceptual history:概念发展史
长难句
句O Appropriately, the book loks hape dring a summer pent between sea and during a summer 是时间状语 mountains. spent between sea and mountains.过去分词短语短语修饰summer)
句② A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group.
红色字体为状语
主干为：I went hiking
with 做伴随状语
in短语为地点状语
句③Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪).
红色字体为现在分词做状语，蓝色字体为过去分词短语作定语
第四段原文
In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. ③Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.
重难点单词：
crucial：关键的
mean sea level;平均海平面
mirror；映照出
issue：问题
urgent; 紧迫的
句③Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.
since引导时间状语从句，主干为 the issue have only become more urgent
place为熟词生义，意为置于....视角下考察
Step4：问题解析
28题
28. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text?
A. Some mountains are getting higher.
B. Data on wearables are misleading.
C. The concept of elevation is relative.
D. The reference point is hard to locate.
推理判断题
根据第一段的main idea ,很容易解答这个问题。这个题目的每个选项里面的个别词，都在第一段有出现。但是B里面出现了 misleading ，D选项里面出现了hard 这是一种负态度的词。所以，可以直接pass。 第一段里面没有比较，所以A是错的。
答案：C
29题
29.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. How the altimeter was invented.
B. What initiated the author's research.
C. Why the digital readings varied.
D. Where the author spent his holiday.
根据第一遍读的时候，画出的关键句整理出的main idea，可以得出B。 但是对学生来说 initiated（开始，启动） 这个单词是难点，不认识。这种情况下，可以排除法。
答案：B
30题
30.What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph?
A. The book.
B. The project.
C. The issue.
D. The development.
it指代的必定是上文中的某个单数名词，只要从划线词的位置出发向前寻找即可。
Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent:
it 的前面有四个名词， project， issue, rise, need .
与名词相关的内容无外乎动词和形容词，在这句话里出现的是“place it historically 把它放在历史层面上”和“urgent 紧急的、紧迫的”，那么正确答案必定为C选项“这个问题”。只有问题才能“紧迫”。
答案：C
31题
31. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text?
A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have.
B. Sea Level: A History.
C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything.
D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs.
我们已经对文章的内容主题有非常明确的认识了——这篇文章讲述的主要内容就是“海拔高度”这个基本概念，作者在文章中多次提到“高度”和“海平面”，所以正确答案必定为B选项“《海平面：一部历史》”。
答案：B
要高质量的完成一篇阅读理解，必须抓住文章的主题。所以，在平时的教学中，一定要多给学生找文章主题的训练。同时 ，类似于“it”指代什么的这类题，也可以找几个类似的，让学生去做去感悟，去体会，然后总结出自己的做题方法。