外刊真题题源泛读9:微型森林运动--B篇题源 2022年6月浙江高考

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外刊真题题源泛读9：微型森林运动（科普说明文）（B篇题源2022年6月浙江高考）

私家英语

一、基础信息

二、主要内容

本文介绍了风靡全球的微型森林运动。该概念由日本植物学家宫胁昭在20世纪70年代首创，通过高密度种植本土树木，在网球场大小的小块土地上打造微型生态森林，用于修复受损土地、恢复自然生态。该理念先后传入印度、欧洲，后被英国公益组织推广落地。文章详细介绍了微型森林的选址标准、社区共建模式、高密度种植特点，同时阐述其多重生态价值：富集动植物物种、防洪固碳、缓解气候变化、改善居民心理健康。目前该运动在英国持续推广，未来将联动校园与志愿者实现长效维护。

三、英文原文

All around the world, there’s a pint-sized revolution taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved patches of land across towns and cities, teeny forests barely the size of tennis courts are popping up, making a miniature haven for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the tiny forest movement, an initiative that aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.

Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the Seventies by a Japanese botanist called Dr Miyawaki who thought small forests of around 600 densely planted trees could help naturally regenerate Japan’s browneld sites and areas that had been damaged by natural disasters. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other regions before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places such as France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

The first British Tiny Forest was planted in Witney, Oxfordshire last March by Earthwatch Europe, the charity leading the Tiny Forest initiative in the UK. Since then several more have sprung up including in Glasgow, Oxford and Bristol, with dozens more due to be planted. By 2023, Earthwatch aims to plant more than 150 Tiny Forests across the UK.

So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK for the charity Earthwatch, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest impact. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy and we also prioritise more deprived areas,” says Louise. “Having a tiny forest could make all the difference, giving local people somewhere nice to walk and be among nature.”

Once a plot is identified, planting begins, usually with the help of local volunteers and school children (where restrictions allow). “We involve the community when we can, because the whole tiny forest ethos is not just about planting trees but about engaging local people to create and care for this natural place they can then enjoy.

“We see it as an opportunity to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature, especially in urban areas.”

In a Tiny Forest, the trees are planted much closer together, maximising the small plot they have to work with. “We plant three saplings for every square metre,” says Louise. “This helps accelerate forest development as trees naturally compete with one another, creating a dense forest which should require minimal maintenance,” she says. All Tiny Forests are also planted without chemicals or fertilisers. As for the trees planted – of which there must be a minimum of 600 to make it a Tiny Forest – usually there are around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species. This variety, coupled with the fact miniature forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a huge bounty of wildlife.

“Studies from other countries with tiny forests suggest they are capable of attracting 500 animal and plant species in the first three years, while other research suggests tiny forests are home to a greater number of different species and individual animals compared to other, more traditional forests nearby. It’s also thought these havens of nature could help tackle issues with flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as boosting the mental health of those living locally.

“Our approach doesn’t replace the need to protect our existing ancient woodland, but it does add to what trees can do for us and the planet,” says Louise. As the Tiny Forest movement grows in the UK, Earthwatch hopes to run more school and teacher programmes to get little ones interested in their local forest as well as recruiting volunteers to act as ambassadors to care for and manage them long term.

“Tiny forests can achieve such a lot in a small amount of time. We’ve been so pleased with what we’ve achieved so far and excited to now do more,” says Louise.

If you’d like to find out more about the initiative, including if you’d like a tennis-court sized area near you to be transformed into a Tiny Forest, visit earthwatch.org.uk

四、生词中英文梳理

五、全文中文翻译

一场微型革命正在全球悄然兴起。在城镇的道路两旁、学校操场后方，以及各种无人问津的闲置土地上，一片片仅有网球场大小的微型森林悄然出现，为野生动物和平日里难以亲近自然的当地居民打造了小型自然栖息地。这就是微型森林运动，一项旨在证明“方寸之间，自有天地”的公益创新举措。

微型森林的概念由日本植物学家宫胁昭博士于20世纪70年代首次提出。他认为，由约600棵高密度植株构成的小型森林，能够助力日本荒地及自然灾害受损区域的自然生态修复。随着他向各界推广这一理念，该想法迅速在印度等地区走红，最终传入欧洲，在法国、比利时、荷兰等国家广泛普及。

英国首个微型森林于去年三月在牛津郡威特尼落成，由英国环保公益组织“地球观察欧洲”主导打造，该机构也是英国微型森林项目的核心推行方。自此以后，格拉斯哥、牛津、布里斯托尔等城市陆续建成多个微型森林，另有数十个项目待落地完工。该机构计划到2023年，在英国境内打造超150片微型森林。

这一项目的运作模式究竟是怎样的？英国微型森林项目负责人、来自地球观察欧洲组织的路易丝·哈特利解释道，项目首先会筛选生态效益最大化的建设地块。“我们重点关注自然资源匮乏的城区，同时优先帮扶贫困地区，”路易丝说道，“一片微型森林就能彻底改变现状，为当地居民提供亲近自然、休闲漫步的优质场所。”

地块确定后，项目便会组织种植工作，通常会吸纳当地志愿者和学生参与（符合防疫及场地规定的前提下）。“我们尽可能发动社区群众参与，因为微型森林的核心理念不仅是植树，更是带动居民共建、养护属于自己的自然绿地。”

“我们希望借此打破城市居民与自然日益加深的隔阂。”

微型森林采用高密度种植模式，充分利用有限土地资源。路易丝介绍：“我们每平方米种植三棵树苗，树木自然竞争生长，快速形成茂密林带，大幅降低后期养护成本。”所有微型森林种植全程不使用化学药剂和化肥。标准微型森林至少包含600棵树木，涵盖约30种本土树种。树种的多样性，加之微型森林的生长速度是普通森林的十倍，使其能够孕育丰富的野生动植物资源。

多国研究数据显示，微型森林建成三年内即可吸引500种动植物栖息。相关调研表明，相较于周边传统森林，微型森林的物种数量和生物个体数量更为丰富。同时，这类微型自然栖息地能够有效防洪固碳、改善气候问题，还能极大提升当地居民的心理健康水平。

路易丝表示：“我们的项目并非替代原生古森林的保护工作，而是为地球生态保护增添新助力。”随着微型森林运动在英国不断发展，地球观察欧洲计划推出更多校园及教师专项项目，培养青少年的生态保护意识，同时招募志愿者担任森林大使，负责微型森林的长期养护与管理工作。

“微型森林能在短时间内创造巨大生态价值，我们对目前的成果倍感欣喜，也期待未来开展更多相关工作。”路易丝说道。

如果你想深入了解该项目，或是希望将身边的闲置空地改造成微型森林，可登录官网earthwatch.org.uk查询详情。

六、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

All around the world, a pint-sized revolution 56 (take) place. Tiny forests, barely the size of tennis courts, are popping up in urban areas, 57 (create) mini natural havens for wildlife and local residents.

The concept of tiny forests 58 (pioneer) by Japanese botanist Dr Miyawaki in the 1970s. He believed dense small forests could help repair lands 59 (damage) by natural disasters. The idea soon spread globally before reaching Europe, 60 it gained huge popularity.

Earthwatch Europe aims 61 (build) over 150 tiny forests across the UK by 2023. Project workers focus on urban and deprived areas 62 nature access is limited, as these places benefit 63 (great) from mini ecological spaces.

A standard tiny forest requires a minimum of 600 trees and 30 native tree 64 (species). These small forests grow much faster than ordinary ones and provide 65 unique environment for diverse wildlife.

七、参考答案+详细考点解析

56. is taking

【考点：现在进行时（时态，有提示词）】

句意：一场微型革命正在全球范围内发生。

解析：根据全文现在时态背景及语境，此处描述当下正在进行的动作，需用现在进行时，主语revolution为单数，故填is taking。

57. creating

【考点：现在分词作结果状语（现在分词，有提示词）】

句意：网球场大小的微型森林在城区涌现，为野生动物和当地居民打造了小型自然栖息地。

解析：主句动作发生后，自然而然产生后续结果，主语forests与create为主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填creating。

58. was pioneered

【考点：一般过去时被动语态（语态，有提示词）】

句意：微型森林的概念由日本植物学家宫胁昭博士于20世纪70年代首创。

解析：时间状语in the 1970s为过去时间，主语concept与pioneer（开创）为被动关系，需用一般过去时被动语态，单数主语，故填was pioneered。

59. damaged

【考点：过去分词作后置定语（过去分词，有提示词）】

句意：他认为茂密的小型森林能够帮助修复遭受自然灾害破坏的土地。

解析：名词lands与damage（破坏）为被动关系，表“被破坏的土地”，用过去分词作后置定语，故填damaged。

60. where

【考点：非限制性定语从句（定语从句，无提示词）】

句意：这一理念迅速传遍全球，传入欧洲后在当地大受欢迎。

解析：先行词为Europe（地点），从句结构完整，缺地点状语，用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填where。

61. to build

【考点：不定式固定搭配（不定式，有提示词）】

句意：地球观察欧洲计划到2023年在英国打造150多片微型森林。

解析：固定搭配aim to do sth. 旨在/计划做某事，不定式作宾语，故填to build。

62. where

【考点：地点状语从句（状语从句，无提示词）】

句意：项目工作人员重点关注自然资源匮乏的城区和贫困地区。

解析：此处为状语从句，修饰前文地点名词，表“在……的地方”，从句结构完整，用where引导地点状语从句，故填where。

63. greatly

【考点：副词修饰动词（副词，有提示词）】

句意：这些区域能从微型生态空间中极大获益。

解析：空格修饰动词benefit，需将形容词great转化为副词greatly作状语，故填greatly。

64. species

【考点：名词单复数（名词单复数，有提示词）】

句意：标准的微型森林需要至少600棵树和30种本土树种。

解析：species为单复数同形名词，前文有数词30修饰，需用复数形式，仍为species，故填species。

65. a

【考点：不定冠词（冠词，无提示词）】

句意：这些小型森林生长速度远快于普通森林，为各类野生动物提供了独特的生存环境。

解析：environment为可数名词单数，unique以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表泛指，故填a。