外刊真题题源泛读11:《无所畏惧》-两位东部淑女的落基山支教岁月(B篇题源2022年全国乙卷)

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外刊真题题源泛读11：《无所畏惧》：两位东部淑女的落基山支教岁月（B篇题源2022年全国乙卷）

私家英语

一、基础信息表

二、主要内容

本文是《无所畏惧》一书的英文书评节选。1916 年，两名出身优渥、毕业于史密斯女子学院的纽约闺蜜多萝西与罗莎蒙德，为不虚度独身岁月，远赴科罗拉多落基山区简陋乡村校舍教书。当地环境极端艰苦：木屋漏雪、道路泥泞、孩童冻哭，生活毫无隐私。二人在校举办圣诞舞会，见证西部拓荒者底层女性的困苦。作者温肯登（主人公多萝西的孙女）拓展书籍内容，补充西部淘金运动、驱逐印第安人、宅地法案、早期女权思想等时代背景，书中还记录华工修建铁路时遭遇惨烈事故的辛酸往事。两位姑娘仅在此执教一年便返乡成婚，家乡精致订婚宴与西部简陋圣诞派对形成鲜明对比。全文文笔克制不煽情，以优美文字描绘西部壮阔山野与拓荒民众坚韧隐忍的品格。

三、英文原文（740 词）

In 1916 two well-bred girls, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore Paris gowns. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo.—which was basically just a sprinkling of cabins on a mountain ridge—to instruct children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise, above all to their parents. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West, by Dorothy Wickenden, who is the executive editor of The New Yorker and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.

Why did they go? At 29, they were well on their way to spinsterhood, and if that was going to be their future, they wanted to devote it to something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. Before they left, the man who hired them wrote to them, "If you have a .22 you had better bring it out."

They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Ros and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice—"slick as snot," in the words of the townsfolk.

An unforgettable passage deals with the Christmas party that Ros and Dorothy organized at the school. The local mothers, gaunt and gray already in their youth, rolled their babies up in blankets and stowed them under the furniture to give themselves space to dance, or just to take in a little music, warmth, and cake. The settling of the West broke many people.

Wickenden's book began as an article in The New Yorker, but for Nothing Daunted, she expanded on the history of the West—the gold rushes, the rout of the Indians, the Homestead Act—and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. A worker recalled that one day "the big snowplow chewed up two or three of the Chinese. After that, they refused to go out and shovel, and I don't blame them."

The book ends on an elegiac note. Ros and Dorothy were in Elkhead for only a year. They would have stayed longer, Dorothy says, but they finally married, which feels like a comedown. Their joint engagement party in Auburn was described in a local paper as "one of the most attractive of the afternoon functions ever held in this city"—a far cry, in truth to life's circumstances, from the Elkhead Christmas party.

Wickenden is a very good storyteller, and bracingly unsentimental. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy, on her horse, looking down from a ridge: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by the hieroglyphs of small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."

四、生词中英文梳理

well-bred adj. /wel bred/ 教养良好的，出身优渥

spinsterhood n. /ˈspɪnstəhʊd/ 大龄未婚女子状态 

undertake v. /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/ 承担，着手做 

quilt n. /kwɪlt/ 棉被

gaunt adj. /ɡɔːnt/ 憔悴的

stow v. /stəʊ/ 堆放，收纳

rout n. /raʊt/ 驱逐，击溃

hair-raising adj. /ˈheə reɪzɪŋ/ 骇人听闻，令人心惊 

entail v. /ɪnˈteɪl/ 需要，使必要 

blinding adj. /ˈblaɪndɪŋ/ 漫天大雪使人看不清的 

elegiac adj. /ˌelɪˈdʒaɪək/ 哀伤的，挽歌式 

comedown n. /ˈkʌmdaʊn/ 落差，令人失望的结局 

stoicism n. /ˈstəʊɪsɪzəm/ 坚忍，隐忍 

hieroglyph n. /ˈhaɪərəɡlɪf/ 象形印记，痕迹

coyote n. /kaɪˈəʊti/ 郊

varying hare 变色野兔 

slick adj. /slɪk/ 湿滑的

executive editor 执行主编 

Homestead Act 《宅地法案》

五、全文完整翻译

《无所畏惧》：两位东部淑女的落基山支教岁月 

1916 年，纽约奥本镇两名家境优渥的闺蜜 —— 多萝西・伍德拉夫与罗莎蒙德・安德伍德，动身前往落基山脉一处拓荒定居点，在一间单室乡村校舍教书。二人毕业于史密斯女子学院，平日身着巴黎定制长裙。对她们而言，搬到科罗拉多州埃尔黑德小镇是巨大挑战：这里仅有零散木屋散布山脊，孩子们的鞋子只用细绳勉强捆住。她们在埃尔黑德的经历，被写成《无所畏惧：两位上流女性在西部的意外成长》，作者多萝西・温肯登是《纽约客》执行主编，也是主人公多萝西的孙女。

二人为何远赴西部？29 岁的她们眼看即将终身未婚，若人生注定如此，便想做些有意义的事。可很快，她们便意识到这份工作有多艰苦。出发前，雇佣她们的人来信写道：“如果你有点 22 口径猎枪，务必带来。”她们寄宿在当地哈里森一家，和当地人一样毫无隐私，很少洗澡，清晨醒来棉被上落满积雪。有些清晨二人赶到学校，会看见孩子们冻得哭泣。开春冰雪融化，路面冰上覆满泥浆 —— 当地人形容滑得像鼻涕一样。 书中一段描写圣诞舞会令人难忘。罗莎蒙德与多萝西在校举办派对，当地年轻母亲面容憔悴，把婴儿裹进毯子塞到家具底下，只为腾出空间跳舞，或是听听音乐、尝尝蛋糕，感受片刻温暖。西部拓荒的艰苦压垮了无数普通人。

这本书最初只是《纽约客》一篇短文，成书后作者扩充大量西部历史：淘金热潮、印第安人遭驱逐、《宅地法案》，以及推动二人西行的女权思潮。书中一段内容令人心惊，讲述落基山脉铁路修建工程，工人时常在漫天暴雪里开凿山体。一名工人回忆，某日大雪铲雪车碾压致死两三名华工，自那以后华工再也不肯外出铲雪，换作任何人都会心生抵触。

全书结尾基调哀伤。罗莎蒙德与多萝西仅在当地待了一年。多萝西说本想久留，可二人最终成婚，这段西部岁月就此落幕，难免让人失落。她们在家乡奥本合办订婚宴，当地报纸称其为本市最雅致午后宴会之一，这与埃尔黑德简陋的圣诞派对有着天壤之别。

温肯登叙事功底出色，文字克制不煽情。壮阔山野与民众隐忍坚韧的品格，催生出优美文字。书中一段描绘骑马立于山脊的多萝：“夕阳隐进山峦，天地漫开绯红霞光，一轮圆月缓缓升起。白雪之上只有小动物留下象形足迹：狐狸、郊鼠与冬季通体雪白的变色野兔。”

六、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1916, two well-bred girls, 56 ____ graduated from Smith College, travelled to Rocky Mountains 57 ____ (teach) village children. They lived with local families, 58 ____ (suffer) from cold and lack of privacy every winter. The Christmas party 59 ____ (organize) by them touched many tired pioneer mothers. The book, 60 ____ originally an article, records western history including gold rushes and feminism. Railway construction stories are 61 ____ (shock), especially the tragedy of Chinese laborers. After one year in the village, both girls 62 ____ (marry) and returned home. Their fancy engagement party was 63 ____ sharp contrast to the rough western party. The writer describes mountain scenery 64 ____ (beautiful), with animal tracks covering snow. It is the locals’ quiet stoicism 65 ____ moves readers deeply.

【答案】

1. who
2. to teach
3. suffering
4. organized
5. originally
6. shocking
7. married
8. a
9. beautifully
10. that

逐题详细解析

1. who 
   【考点：无提示词・限制性定语从句（指人关系代词）】 句意：1916 年，两名出身优渥、毕业于史密斯学院的女孩前往落基山区教乡村孩童。      解析：先行词 two well-bred girls 指人，定语从句缺主语，用关系代词 who。
2. to teach 
   【考点：有提示词・不定式作目的状语】 句意：前往落基山区，目的是教乡村孩童。 解析：不定式 to do 表出行目的，固定搭配 travel to sp. to do。
3. suffering 
   【考点：有提示词・现在分词作伴随状语】 句意：她们寄宿当地人家，每个冬天都忍受严寒、毫无私人空间。 解析：主语      they 与 suffer 是主动关系，现在分词作伴随状态。
4. organized 
   【考点：有提示词・过去分词后置定语】 句意：二人筹办的圣诞舞会打动无数疲惫拓荒母亲。 解析：party 与 organize 被动关系，过去分词作后置修饰。
5. originally 
   【考点：有提示词・形容词变副词词形转换】 句意：这本书最初只是一篇短文，记录淘金、女权等西部历史。 解析：形容词 original 变形副词 originally 修饰整句。
6. shocking 
   【考点：有提示词・形容词转化（-ing 形容词表事物令人震惊）】 句意：铁路修建的故事令人心惊，尤其是华工遭遇的惨剧。      解析：修饰事物 stories，用 shocking（令人震惊的）。
7. married 
   【考点：有提示词・一般过去时时态】 句意：在乡村待满一年后，两位女孩成婚返乡。 解析：叙事为 1916 年过去事件，动词用过去式 married。
8. a 
   【考点：无提示词・不定冠词】 句意：她们精致的订婚宴与简陋西部舞会形成巨大反差。 解析：固定搭配 a      sharp contrast 巨大反差。
9. beautifully 
   【考点：有提示词・形容词变副词】 句意：作者文笔优美描绘山野雪景，白雪遍布动物足迹。 解析：修饰动词      describes，形容词 beautiful 变副词 beautifully。
10. that 
    【考点：无提示词・强调句型引导词】 句意：正是当地人隐忍坚韧的品格深深打动读者。 解析：It      is...that 标准强调句式，强调事物用 that。