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教育 · 消费观
China’s Post-Gaokao Teens Are Spending Big Before College
来源:Sixth Tone 原文 1,244 词
This summer, 18-year-olds who have just completed the nation’s grueling college entrance exam are spending tens of thousands of yuan on vacations, electronics, and new hobbies before they start university.

一、导语
今年暑假,社交媒体被一张聊天截图刷屏了。
面对女儿总价超过3万元的考后购物清单,一位妈妈无奈地回复:“要不你来当妈?”
与此同时,另一种“肯德基全家桶”也在准大学生中悄然走红——只不过,桶里装的不是炸鸡,而是手机、电脑、平板、智能手表和耳机。一套高端品牌设备配齐,价格往往超过3万元。
旅行、聚餐、电子产品、医美项目、新兴趣班……高考结束后的漫长暑假,正在成为年轻人集中消费的窗口。有人把它视为三年苦读后的奖励,有人却在社交媒体的比较中陷入“不能落后”的焦虑。
当庆祝开始有了价格标签,“奖励自己”与“过度消费”的界限究竟在哪里?本期外刊精读,让我们从这场“后高考消费热”出发,重新思考金钱、独立与成长的真正含义。
二、原文音频
本文共计 6300 字,完整阅读约需 8‑10 分钟,建议收藏慢慢看❤
三、逐段精读
第 1 段
When Wang Yijun walked out of the gaokao examination room on June 8, she immediately started thinking about what she’d do that summer. After three years of putting aside her hobbies and personal interests to study for China’s national college entrance exam, the 18-year-old from the eastern city of Wuxi finally had a summer of her own.
重点词汇
gaokao examination 高考(= China’s national college entrance exam)
put aside 把……搁置一旁;暂时放下
a summer of her own 一个真正属于她自己的夏天;of one’s own 强调独立拥有。
段落翻译
6 月 8 日,王艺珺走出高考考场,立刻开始盘算这个夏天要做些什么。为了备战中国高考,这位来自东部城市无锡的 18 岁女孩,三年来一直搁置自己的爱好和个人兴趣,如今终于拥有了一个真正属于自己的夏天。
第 2 段
But the summer’s freedom came with a price tag. After the exam, Wang’s parents bought her a laptop costing over 10,000 yuan ($1,400), both as a reward for her years of effort and a tool for her future studies. She also traveled to Beijing and its neighboring city Tianjin, dined out with friends, and enrolled in an audio mixing course.
重点词汇
come with a price tag 字面是“带着价格标签”,这里指自由也伴随着一笔不小的开销。
dine out 外出就餐
enroll in 报名参加、注册学习某课程
audio mixing 音频混音
段落翻译
不过,这份暑期自由也有不低的“价码”。考试结束后,王艺珺的父母给她买了一台价值一万多元的笔记本电脑,既是对她多年努力的奖励,也是供她今后学习使用的工具。她还去了北京及邻近的天津旅行,和朋友外出聚餐,并报名参加了音频混音课程。
第 3 段
“I’ve spent around 20,000 yuan in total since the exam,” she told Sixth Tone in August.
段落翻译
“从考试结束到现在,我总共花了大约两万元。”她在 8 月接受Sixth Tone采访时说。
第 4 段
Wang’s experience reflects a broader shift taking place across China. This summer — from the end of the exam to early September — students fresh out of the gaokao are splurging on electronics, graduation trips, and new hobbies before they have to buckle down at university.
重点词汇
reflect a broader shift 反映一种更广泛的变化。
fresh out of 刚刚结束或离开……;fresh out of the gaokao 指刚高考完。
splurge on 在……上挥霍或大笔花钱。
buckle down 开始认真、埋头苦干。
段落翻译
王艺珺的经历折射出一场正在中国各地发生的更广泛变化。今年夏天——从高考结束到 9 月初——刚走出高考考场的学生,在大学里必须重新埋头学习之前,正把钱大把花在电子产品、毕业旅行和新爱好上。
第 5 段
For many, the spending can reach upwards of 40,000 yuan. For comparison, China’s per capita disposable income last year was 43,377 yuan.
重点词汇
upwards of 超过、至少达到;此处指 4 万元以上
For comparison 作为对照
per capita 人均的
disposable income 可支配收入,即扣除必要税费后可自由支配的收入
段落翻译
对许多人来说,这笔开销可能达到 4 万元以上。作为对照,中国上一年的人均可支配收入为 43,377 元。
第 6 段
This year, approximately 12.9 million students sat for the gaokao. A report jointly released by XKB Data Research Center and iiMedia Research estimated that incoming first-year students would spend an average of 18,600 yuan this summer, more than double compared with 2020. Spending by family members, such as on accompanying students on trips and celebratory meals, also ranged from 30,000 to 40,000 yuan. Together, the sector — termed the “post-gaokao economy” — is expected to surpass 387 billion yuan this year.
重点词汇
sit for an exam 参加考试
incoming first-year students 即将入学的大一新生
more than double 超过两倍;double 在此作名词性比较表达
range from...to... 范围从……到……
term v. 把……称为、命名为
surpass 超过、超越
段落翻译
今年约有 1,290 万名学生参加高考。XKB 数据研究中心与艾媒咨询联合发布的一份报告估计,准大一新生今年夏天人均将花费 18,600 元,是 2020 年的两倍多。家人陪同旅行、参加庆祝聚餐等支出也在 3 万至 4 万元之间。合计来看,这一被称为“后高考经济”的市场今年预计将超过 3,870 亿元。
第 7 段
Merchants are moving quickly to seize the opportunity. Electronics sellers have launched promotions that give students special discounts when they present their gaokao admission tickets, while 327 top-rated scenic attractions across the country have rolled out concessions targeting the group. Cosmetic surgery clinics introduced student packages priced below 1,000 yuan, along with interest-free installment plans for customers who show their exam credentials.
重点词汇
seize the opportunity 抓住机会
launch a promotion 推出促销活动
roll out 正式推出、铺开
concession 优惠、价格减让
interest-free installment plan 免息分期付款方案
credentials 证明资格或身份的证件;此处指考试相关凭证
段落翻译
商家正迅速行动,抢抓这一机会。电子产品卖家推出促销,学生出示高考准考证即可享受专属折扣;全国 327 家高等级景区也面向这一群体推出优惠。医美机构则推出价格低于 1,000 元的学生套餐,并为出示考试凭证的顾客提供免息分期。
第 8 段
But although the trend has provided a much-welcomed boost to the domestic economy, it has also sparked a growing generational debate over where celebration ends and excessive consumption begins. Posts by other young Chinese showing off their purchases, and sometimes sharing tricks to get their parents to buy things for them after the gaokao, soon began to spread online. And parents, facing financial pressure from their 18-year-olds, have now taken their complaints online.
重点词汇
a boost to 对……的推动、提振
spark a debate 引发争论
generational 代际的、不同世代之间的
excessive consumption 过度消费
show off 炫耀
take...online 把某事带到网上公开讨论或表达
段落翻译
不过,尽管这一趋势给国内经济带来了颇受欢迎的提振,它也引发了日益激烈的代际争论:庆祝到哪里结束,过度消费又从哪里开始?一些年轻人在网上晒出购买成果,有时还分享高考后让父母买单的“技巧”,相关内容很快传播开来。面对 18 岁孩子带来的经济压力,家长们也开始上网诉苦。
A new coming-of-age ritual
新的成年仪式
第 9 段
The debate has fueled a popular online meme: “After all, you only finished the gaokao — you didn’t suddenly become rich,” capturing parental concerns over the post-exam consumption fever.
重点词汇
fuel v. 加剧、助长;原义为“给……加燃料”
meme 网络梗、在网上广泛传播的模因
after all 毕竟、终究
consumption fever 消费热、消费狂潮
段落翻译
这场争论催生了一个流行网络梗:“说到底,你只是高考结束了,又不是突然变有钱了。”这句话集中体现了父母对考后消费热的担忧。
第 10 段
A screenshot of a mother’s chat messages reacting to her daughter’s post-exam shopping list — with items totaling more than 30,000 yuan — has also made the rounds on social media. In it, she says to her child, “How about you be my mom?”
重点词汇
react to 对……作出反应
total v. 总计达到
make the rounds 四处流传、广泛传播
段落翻译
一张母亲回应女儿考后购物清单的聊天截图也在社交媒体上广泛流传;清单上的物品总价超过 3 万元。截图中,母亲对孩子说:“要不你来当我妈?”
第 11 段
For Chinese students, the summer after the gaokao carries a special significance. Longer than other school-time summers, it is widely considered the last extended break before adulthood brings a new set of pressures — from grad school applications and civil service exams to career choices.
重点词汇
carry significance 具有意义;carry 在此表示“承载、带有”
extended break 较长的一段假期
brings a new set of pressures 带来新的一系列压力 grad school application 研究生院申请
civil service exam 公务员考试
段落翻译
对中国学生来说,高考后的那个夏天有着特殊意义。它比求学阶段的其他暑假更长,被普遍视为成年生活带来新一轮压力前的最后一个长假;这些压力包括申请研究生、公务员考试和职业选择。
第 12 段
“That makes it feel like a milestone worth celebrating,” Wang said.
重点词汇
milestone 里程碑;人生或进程中的重要节点。
worth doing 值得做……;worth 后接动名词。
段落翻译
“这让它感觉像一个值得庆祝的人生里程碑。”王艺珺说。
第 13 段
On the last day of the gaokao, images of parents waiting outside examination halls with gifts for their children routinely flood domestic short-video platforms.
重点词汇
examination hall 考场、考试大厅
routinely 经常地、惯常地
flood v. 大量涌入、充斥(名词:洪水)
domestic short-video platform 国内短视频平台
段落翻译
高考最后一天,家长带着礼物等候在考场外的画面,常常会刷屏国内各大短视频平台。
第 14 段
In one widely circulated video this year, students walked out of an exam room to find their parents holding stacks of laptops, smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and earphones, jokingly referred to as quanjiatong, or a “bucket meal,” a reference to KFC’s all-in-one spread. Many such gift packages feature high-end brands such as Apple, with a full set costing north of 30,000 yuan.
重点词汇
widely circulated 广泛传播的
refer to...as... 把……称作……
all-in-one 一体化的、把多种东西组合在一起的
feature v. 以……为突出特色、包含
high-end brands 高端品牌
north of 非正式表达:超过、高于
段落翻译
在今年一段广为流传的视频中,学生走出考场,发现父母捧着成摞的笔记本电脑、智能手机、平板、智能手表和耳机。这套组合被戏称为“全家桶”,借用了肯德基把多种餐品装在一起的套餐概念。许多这类礼物组合采用苹果等高端品牌,凑齐一套要花 3 万多元。
第 15 段
Wang said her social media feed is now filled with posts by peers sharing graduation trips, unboxing new devices, and making plans to transform themselves during the break.
重点词汇
social media feed 社交媒体信息流、动态页面
peer 同龄人、同辈
unbox 开箱;常指拍摄或分享新商品开箱过程
transform oneself 改变、重塑自己
段落翻译
王艺珺说,如今她的社交媒体动态里满是同龄人的帖子:有人分享毕业旅行,有人开箱新设备,也有人计划趁假期改变自己。
第 16 段
Seeing others mark the transition with new phones, designer products, and overseas travel, she added, has left many her age who have taken the gaokao but haven’t received or purchased such gifts feeling as though they are falling behind.
重点词汇
mark a transition 以某种方式纪念或标志一场转变
designer product 名牌或设计师品牌产品
leave sb. feeling... 使某人感到……
fall behind 落后、跟不上
段落翻译
她补充说,看到别人用新手机、名牌商品和海外旅行来纪念这一转折,让许多参加了高考却没有收到或购买这些礼物的同龄人觉得自己落后了。
第 17 段
Coming from a working-class family, Wang said she tries to balance enjoyment with practicality. For instance, she decided to continue using her old phone because it still worked well.
重点词汇
working-class family 工薪阶层家庭
balance A with B 在 A 与 B 之间取得平衡
practicality 实用性、务实考量
for instance 例如
段落翻译
王艺珺来自工薪阶层家庭。她说,自己会努力在享受假期与务实消费之间取得平衡。比如,因为旧手机仍然很好用,她决定继续使用。
第 18 段
“Families inevitably differ widely in their financial circumstances, and that’s a reality we cannot avoid,” she said. “If there is something we want, working for it ourselves is a sign of maturity.”
重点词汇
differ widely in financial circumstances 在经济状况、财务条件上存在较大的差异
work for 通过劳动或努力获得
a sign of maturity 成熟的标志
段落翻译
“每个家庭的经济状况难免差别很大,这是我们无法回避的现实。”她说,“如果有想要的东西,就靠自己努力去获得,这是成熟的表现。”
第 19 段
Before the gaokao, Wang added, grades provide a clear standard of achievement. “But once you walk out of that exam room, you’re suddenly surrounded by a world where people are judged by their material possessions. You start to believe that spending, having the latest gadgets, and traveling can fill the ‘void’ that comes with a major shift in identity.”
重点词汇
standard of achievement 衡量成就的标准
material possession 物质财产、拥有的物品
void 空虚感、空缺
shift in identity 身份认同的转变
段落翻译
王艺珺补充说,高考前,成绩提供了一套清晰的成就标准。“可一旦走出考场,你会突然置身于一个以物质拥有来评判人的世界。你开始相信,花钱、拥有最新设备和旅行,可以填补重大身份转变带来的‘空虚’。”
第 20 段
But, she added, “We’re not just ‘consumers.’ We can create, contribute, and slowly grow as people, which defines us far more than what we own.”
重点词汇
contribute 作出贡献;也可指贡献时间、能力或资源。
define 界定、体现……的本质。
far more than 远远超过、远比……更能。
段落翻译
但她补充道:“我们不只是‘消费者’。我们能够创造、贡献,并慢慢成长为更完整的人;这些远比我们拥有什么更能定义我们。”
Greater costs
更高的成本
第 21 段
Qiu Jiqing, a professor of women’s studies and family relations at Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s Lifelong Education College, told Sixth Tone that when she took the gaokao in 1996, her experience was vastly different.
重点词汇
women’s studies 女性研究
family relations 家庭关系
vastly different 大不相同、差异极大
段落翻译
上海交通大学终身教育学院女性研究与家庭关系教授 Qiu Jiqing 告诉Sixth Tone,她在 1996 年参加高考时,考后经历与现在大不相同。
第 22 段
“My parents didn’t buy me any special gifts,” she said. “They simply prepared the necessities I would need for college. When I left for university, I basically took only my bedding and daily essentials with me.”
重点词汇
necessity 必需品
bedding 床上用品,如被褥、床单等
daily essentials 日常生活必需品
段落翻译
“父母没有给我买任何特别的礼物,”她说,“他们只是准备了上大学需要的必需品。离家去上大学时,我基本只带了被褥和日常用品。”
第 23 段
Qiu said she believes that spending within a family’s means after their child takes the gaokao is justified, especially in an era where electronic devices have become an essential part of education. However, she cautioned that social media and marketing campaigns could overly boost spending and desire for material goods among young people who are still developing their understanding of how and when to save and spend money.
重点词汇
within one’s means 在某人的经济承受能力之内
justified 合理的、有正当理由的
caution v. 提醒、告诫
marketing campaign 营销活动
material goods 物质商品、物质财富
段落翻译
Qiu 认为,孩子高考后,家庭在自身承受范围内进行消费是合理的,尤其在电子设备已成为教育必需品的时代。然而她提醒,社交媒体和营销活动可能过度刺激消费,也会放大年轻人对物质商品的欲望;而这些年轻人仍在学习何时该储蓄、何时该花钱。
第 24 段
“Learning to distinguish between what we truly need and what we simply want is part of growing up,” she said.
重点词汇
distinguish between A and B 区分 A 与 B
truly 真正地、确实地
part of growing up 成长的一部分
段落翻译
她说:“学会分清我们真正需要的东西与只是想要的东西,是成长的一部分。”
第 25 段
Regardless of whether or not they partake in gaokao celebratory splurging, for many families, the end of the exam marks the beginning of a new stage of spending.
重点词汇
regardless of whether or not 不论是否……
partake in 参加、参与
celebratory splurging 为庆祝而进行的大额消费
mark the beginning of 标志着……的开始
段落翻译
无论是否参与高考后的庆祝性消费,对许多家庭而言,考试结束都意味着一个全新支出阶段的开始。
第 26 段
Zhang Chunxing, a mother from the eastern Shandong province whose son took the gaokao this June, has already started calculating the costs of her son’s higher education.
重点词汇
calculate the costs 计算、估算费用
higher education 高等教育
段落翻译
来自东部山东省的母亲张春兴,儿子今年 6 月参加了高考。她已经开始盘算儿子接受高等教育的各项费用。
第 27 段
She said that her son’s living costs will amount to around 18,000 yuan a year and tuition will add another 6,000 yuan annually. Transportation, accommodation, and other daily expenses will require additional investment.
重点词汇
amount to 总计达到
tuition 学费
annually 每年地
accommodation 住宿、住宿费用
additional investment 额外投入;这里指额外支出
段落翻译
她说,儿子每年的生活费约为 18,000 元,学费还要再加 6,000 元。交通、住宿和其他日常开销也需要额外投入。
第 28 段
“After the gaokao, many children want new phones, trips or other rewards,” she said. “But parents also have to think about the next four years.”
重点词汇
reward 奖励、回报
the next four years 接下来的四年;此处特指本科阶段
段落翻译
她说:“高考后,很多孩子想要新手机、旅行或其他奖励。但父母还得考虑接下来的四年。”
第 29 段
For Zhang, preparing for university is not only about covering costs, but also about teaching her son — who will beleaving home for the first time — how to manage his own expenses.
重点词汇
cover costs 支付、承担费用
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
manage one’s expenses 管理个人开支
段落翻译
对张春兴来说,为大学生活做准备不只是承担费用,也包括教会第一次离家的儿子如何管理自己的开支。
第 30 段
Qiu, the professor from Jiao Tong University, said that because students spend all their time and energy studying before the gaokao, other skills such as financial literacy, self-management, and independent livingare often lacking.
重点词汇
financial literacy 金融素养、理解和管理个人财务的能力
self-management 自我管理
independent living 独立生活
lacking 欠缺的、不足的
段落翻译
交通大学的 Qiu 教授表示,学生在高考前把全部时间和精力都用在学习上,因此金融素养、自我管理和独立生活等其他能力往往不足。
第 31 段
She added that the transition is a challenge for the entire family, as most families are used to a dynamic where parents decide and children follow. After the gaokao, both must learn a new way of relating to each other.
重点词汇
transition 过渡、转变
family dynamic 家庭成员之间长期形成的互动模式
be used to 习惯于;to 后接名词或动名词
relate to each other 彼此相处、建立关系
段落翻译
她补充说,这场转变对整个家庭都是挑战,因为大多数家庭已经习惯了“父母决定、孩子服从”的互动模式。高考之后,双方都必须学习一种新的相处方式。
第 32 段
“Students need to learn independence and parents also need to adjust to start seeing their children as individuals who can make their own decisions,” she said.
重点词汇
independence 独立、自主
adjustto 调整、适应
see A as B 把 A 看作 B
make one’s own decisions 自己做决定
段落翻译
她说:“学生需要学会独立,父母也需要作出调整,开始把孩子视为能够自主决定的独立个体。”
四、文章总结
本文共分为三个部分,第一部分主要以个人消费(王艺珺)的经历切入,引出“后高考消费”。第二部分主要讨论社交媒体带来的消费比较,指出消费成为一种新的成年仪式。第三部分则通过今昔对比说明,高考后的消费观念已经发生明显变化,同时也最终把讨论从“花了多少钱”引向更深层的问题:年轻人能否分清需要与欲望,学会管理金钱、独立生活并为自己的选择负责;父母又能否调整相处方式,把孩子视为可以自主决定的独立个体。
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