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一 托业考试题型结构 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 二 托业阅读题型高频考点总结 ...................................................................................................................... 1 三 托业阅读理解解题技巧 ............................................................................................................................ 17 一 托业考试题型结构 阅读部分（75分钟 100题） V 完成句子 Incomplete Sentences 40题 VI 短文填空 Text Completion 3组12题 ReadingComprehension 7-10组28题 VII 阅读理解 -Single Passage 4组20题 -Double passage 以上题型为托业完整考试的阅读题型，实际本公司的考试中出现完成句子与阅读理解概率大，短文填空不 一定有，以下对完成句子与阅读理解做重点讲解，尤其是阅读讲解。 二 托业阅读题型高频考点总结 题型一 补全句子 技巧 skill 1 熟悉前缀 skill 2熟悉后缀 skill 3识别时间标识词 skill 4 熟悉被动语态 skill 5 辨别正确的介词用法 skill 6 使用关系代词 skill 1 常用前缀 1.after- 之后 afternoon, aftermath,后果，再生草 afterward 2.ante- 之前 antedate,较正确日期为早的日期，antechamber接待室，前堂 antecedent 前例，先行者 3.anti- 反 antisocial, 不擅社交的，antibiotic抗生素antidote 解毒剂，矫正法 4.auto- 自动 automobile, automatic, autobiography 自传 5.bene- 好 benefit, beneficial, benign 6.bi- bin- 两个 bifocal, bicycle, binoculars 7.circu- 绕 circulate, circular, circus 8.co- col- 一起 cooperate, coworker, collect 9.contra- 相反 contradict, contrary, contrast10.counter- 对立 counteract, counterfeit, counterpart 11. dis- 缺少 disagree, disgrace, dishonest 12.hyper- 过多 hypercritical, hyperbole, hypersensitive 13.hypo- 太小 hypoactive, hypodermic, hypoglycemia 14.il- 不 illogical, illegal, illegible 15. in- 不 incorrect, inhumane, inability 16. inter- 之间 international, interaction, interfere 17. ir- 不 irresponsible, irregular, irrelevant 18. mal- 差 malfunction, malpractice, malnourished 19. mis- 错误 misfortune, mistake, misplace 20. multi- 多 multilingual, multiple, multinational 21. omni- 所有 omniscient, omnivorous, omnipotent 22. over- 太 overactive, overflow, overdraw 23. poly- 许多 polyglot, polygon, polytechnic 24. post- 之后 postpone, postpaid, postscript 25. pre- 之前 prefix, prefer, prehistoric 26. pro- 之前 prologue, procedure, pronoun 27. re- 重新 rewrite, repeat, replace skill 2 熟悉后缀 常见后缀 后缀 含义 词性 例子 1. –al 与。。。有关 adjective influential, provincial, financial 2. –ance 性质，状态 noun resistance, acceptance, extravangance 3.-ancy 性质，状态 noun vacancy, pregnancy, redundancy 4.-ary 与。。。有关 adjective primary, secondary, fiduciary 5.-ate 。。。。化 verb activate, reciprocate, elevate 6.-ation,-tion 性质状态 noun inspiration, separation, deviation 7.-en 。。。。化 verb shorten, lengthen, fatten 8.-ency 性质，状态 noun expediency, leniency, latency 9.-fy 。。。化 verb beautify, clarify, specify 10.-hood 性质，状态 noun childhood, adulthood, manhood 11-ic 与。。。有关 adjective economic, scientific, scenic 12.-ity 性质，状态 noun authenticity, publicity, civility 13.-ize 引起变化 verb computerize, modernize, legalize 14.-ly 以。。。方式 adverb clearly, yearly, ordinarily 15.-ment 性质，状态 noun enjoyment, procurement, experiment 16.-ness 性质，状态 noun kindness, darkness, likeness 17.-ous 充满。。。 adjective nervous, anxious, jealous 18.-ship 性质，状态 noun friendship, relationship, kinship skill 3 识别时间标识词 When? How Long? How often?Ago since usually Already for generally Before until often After rarely During weekly Next month once a day 练习 1. How long has Mr. Block been working on the report? Mr. Block has been working on the report _____________. A. three hours ago B. for three hours 2. When did the housekeeper clean the room? ________ we left the room, she cleaned it. A. After B. Usually 3. How long will Ms Colinas fill in? Ms Colinas will fill in ________ Ms. Irzel is out of the hospital. A. until B. already 4. When does the secretary take notes? The secretary takes notes ________ the meeting. A. often B. during 5. How do tourists prefer to see a new city? Visitors ______ prefer to start with a guided tour of the city. A. generally B. while skill 4 熟悉被动语态 练习 1. The viewers __________ the opportunity to judge the performance. A. were given B. gave 2. The shipment must __________ carefully. A. handle B. be handled 3. The food manager __________ to eliminate theft. A. was told B. has told 4. The flight ____________ on time. A. was left B. left5. The proposal _____________ now. A. can be mailed B. can mail Skill 5: 辨别正确的介词用法 介词词组 用法 例子 to Rome 目的地 I went to Rome. In Rome 位置 While I was in Rome, I saw many Roman ruins. From Rome 方向 I want from Rome to Vienna. From Rome 来源 I brought you this souvenir from Rome. To the meeting 目的地 I went to the meeting. In the meeting 位置 I was in the meeting all morning. From the meeting 方向 I went from the meeting to my office. At the meeting 期间 Some people got bored at (during) the meeting this Morning. At the airport 地点 I can catch a cab at the airport. At 9:00 具体时间 At 9:00, I arrived at work. From 9:00 to (until) 10:00 时间段 From 9:30 to 12:00, I attended a seminar. For one hour 时间段 I stopped for one hour to eat lunch. Since 10:00 从某点时间以来到现在Since 1:00, I have been working on this report. On February 6 日期 I start my new job on February 6. In one day 几天以内 I wrote the memo in one day. In two weeks 几星期以内 The package should arrive in two weeks. In April 在某月 His birthday is in April. In the morning 在上午 I ride the train in the morning. At night 晚间 It gets chilly at night. 练习 1. Ms. Legesse is _____________________ a meeting right now. 2. Class starts _____________ one month. 3. Meet me ______________ noon. 4. The meeting continued ______________ 5:30. 5. She’s been the director _______________ Mr. Lee retired. Skill 6: 使用关系代词 练习 1.Here is the report __________________ you wanted to read. A. that B. it 2. Mr. Peri is the chef _________________ created this dish. A. which B. who 3. The person ________________ computer is still on must be working late. A. whose B. why 4. The plants, ____________ are rare and exotic, require meticulous care. A. they B. which5. The tables _____________ are by the window are the most popular. A. who B. that 补全句子练习 1. The restaurant ___________________ has just opened has a famous chef. A. whose B. who C. it D. that 2. Negotiations will take place ________________ London. A. at B. in C. by D. to 3. We were in ______________ with our supplier. A. agree B. agreeing C. agreement D. agreed 4. Mrs. Dubois is a _______________ supervisor. A. confident B. confidence C. confidentially D. confidently 5. Our store gets more business ________ our new location. A. of B. to C. from D. in 6. The proposal _______________ by messenger. A. delivered B. has delivered C. is delivered D. is delivering 7. On what date did you ___________ the shipment? A. perceive B. deceive C. receive D. recede 8. Two weeks ago, Mr. Uto _____________ his reservations. A. makes B. was made C. made D. has made 9. All the members have arrived ______________ Mr. Sampson. A. accept B. without C. not D. except 10. She expressed her ________________. A. appreciate B. appreciative C. appreciation D. appreciated 11. Eliza Donato __________________ to Vice President in January. A. will promote B. will be promoting C. will be promoted D. promotes 12. Mr. Yung sent a reminder to customers __________ didn’t pay t6heir bills. A. what B. whom C. which D. who 13. Mr. Weber hired a new ______________. A. assist B. assistance C. assisted D. assistant14. Send a fax to _____________ the prices. A. verily B. verify C. verifying D. verified 15. That product _____________ until recently. A. wasn’t invented B. invented C. didn’t invent D. invented 16. We’re sending Mary Sula to participate _______ the seminar. A. at B. to C. from D. in 17. The employees _____________ by the director to give suggestions. A. are asking B. asking C. are asked D. be asked 18. Mr. Caputo usually _____________ with a translator. A. is traveled B. travel C. is traveling D. travels 19. Her _____________ employer gave her a good recommendation. A. prevalent B. prevent C. preview D. previous 20. Flight 201 will be arriving at Gate 7B ___________ time. A. by B. on C. at D. within 题型二 阅读理解 广告 通告 日历 图表 传真 表格 曲线图 索引 信函 备忘录 时间表 告示 题型 托业考试的阅读理解有两种基本题型： 一种是问文章讲述了什么： 主题思想和事实 另一种是问文章暗示了什么： 推断和目的 特点 例子 针对主题思想提问 The main idea of this article is…….. The main topic of this article is ……….. The author believes……….. 针对事实提问 What happened…………? Who did what? How much ……….? How many ……….? How short ………..? Which of the following is Not mentioned? According to the article, what ………….? 要求作推断的问题 What does the author imply?What do you think……….? It can be inferred from the article that…………….? What can we infer from this passage? 针对文章目的提问 Why was this article written? What is the purpose of this article? Why did the author write this memo? 解题技巧 1． 辨认主题思想 2． 熟悉事实 3． 推测结论 4． 熟悉写作目的 Skill 1 辨认主题思想 文章的主题思想可以在不同位置出现，但一般都是在文章的开头部分。有时可以很准确地引用文中原句来 表达主题思想，有时主题思想需总结得出。 线索 1 主题细想可能是文章中的第一句话，这样读者就能够立刻知道文章在讲什么？ 例子: It is important to know how to write a good resume. A potential employer sees your resume before he or she ever meets you. Therefore, you must make sure your resume makes a good impression. 主题思想： It is important to know how to write a good resume. 线索 2 主题思想可能与文章第一句或前几句的表述正好相反，因为主题思想是对前面的反驳。 例子： Many people think that business is a complicated field. But the principles that guide successful businesses are actually quite simple. 主题思想： Business principles are simple. 线索 3 主题思想可能是对文中第一句话（或前几句话）所含细节的归纳总结，因为文章开头用细节可 以引起读者的兴趣。 例子： The seats are comfortable, and the view outside the windows is lovely. The telephone, computer, printer, and fax machine are the latest models. It is obviously a luxury office. Like more and more offices these days. This one is in an automobile. 主题思想： The changing workplace includes offices in automobiles. 练习 1. A. This year 250 billion dollars was spent on dogs and cats. B. Toys and clothes for pets are very popular. C. Pet owners spend a lot of time and money on their pets. D. There are doctors and even psychiatrists that specialize in pets. 2. A. There were many famous military leaders in history. B. Alexander the Great led his troops from Greece to India. C. Genghis Khan’s empire stretched from China to Eastern Europe. D. General Eisenhower became President of the United States.3. A. The captain has to supervise the officers on the bridge. B. One of the functions of the captain is to perform marriages at sea. C. The captain is ultimately responsible for the safety of the passengers. D. The captain of a ship has many duties. 4. A. The hotel has a large fitness center with an indoor pool. B. This hotel is the most luxurious in the city. C. There is a concierge on every floor. D. All rooms are suites with balconies. 5. A. The modem transmits date at 14.4 bps. B. The monitor is not in color. C. My new computer does not have the latest technology. D. The software programs have not been upgraded. Skill 2 熟悉事实 技巧核心 线索 1 文中可能明确地表述了事实 例子： The company is 20 years old. 事实： The company is 20 years old. 线索 2 句子的从句可能隐藏着事实 例子： No one believed the company would succeed when it began twenty years ago in a small town. 事实： The company is 20 years old. 线索 3 文中同一事实可能用不同的词汇来表述 例子： In the two decades since it opened its doors, the company has always been profitable. 事实： The company is 20 years old. ( Two decades means the same as 20 years and opened its doors means the same as started.) 练习 General Statements 1. The ship’s cabins are equipped for a passenger’s safety and comfort. 2. Electronic mail is improving communication. 3. The weather is seasonably cold. 4. Medical research is under attack from animal rights groups. 5. Oil companies are investigating alternate sources of fuels. Supporting Facts A. It was below freezing this morning. B. Life jackets are stowed under each bed. C. People find they write more often when they use e-mail. D. Protesters want to stop experiments on animals. E. All cabins have their own water purification system.F. Thousands of animal rights activists blocked the entrances to six research facilities. G. Oil, coal, and gas are limited resources. H. Correspondents from all over the world can send letters instantaneously via their computers. I. We expect more snow and ice later today. J. Solar energy may be one substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Skill 3 推测结论 技巧核心 线索 1 从重复的词语和相互关联的单词可以获得推测的线索。 例子： Everyone wants to be with their families. Employees are happier if they have family time to take their children for bike rides, spend time with their parents, and go out to dinner with their spouse. 推测： families, family, children, parents, spouse 暗示文章的主题与家庭有关。 线索 2 从信息的组合形式，特别是一些似乎省略了的步骤获得推测线索。 例子： On the first day of work, new employees report to orientation. There will be sessions on company policy, employee benefits, and product history. On the fourth days, employees will be assigned to a trainer in their department. 推测： 介绍大会将持续3天 线索 3 推测可能是陈述的下一个逻辑结果。 例子： Everyone will want to buy the product. 推测： 该产品制造商将赢利。 练习 1. The politician lost the election. A. She was absentminded. B. Her policies weren’t popular with the voters. C. She was elected on the first ballot. 2. It took over an hour to drive just five miles. A. The traffic was very heavy. B. The distance was very long. C. Our car is very fast. 3. Mozart could play the violin and harpsichord when he was only five. A. He was taught by his father. B. He didn’t want to play the trombone. C. He was very precocious. 4. A knowledgeable consumer waits until items go on sale. A. Smart shoppers like to save money. B. If you know you need something, buy it now. C. The best items are never on sale.5. Company earnings would have been higher had there been no strike. A. The workers will not go on strike. B. The striking workers reduced the profitability of the company. C. Earnings are always higher in the last quarter. Skill 4 熟悉写作目的 练习 1.We want to congratulate Mr. Prahinski, who was responsible for the award-winning design of our new handheld personal communicator. What is the purpose of this statement? A. To criticize B. To persuade C. To inform D. To praise 2.I would like you to meet our new Front Desk Manager, Ms.Tamayo, who has been with our sister hotel in Rio. A. What is the purpose of this statement? B. A. To amuse B. To praise C. To inform D. To criticize 3.In the future, I hope that there will be more attention paid to our customers’ needs and less time spent on your own personal affairs. What is the purpose of this statement? A. To apologize B. To praise C. To criticize D. To inform 4.There are 365 days in a year, except in a leap year, when there are 366. What is the purpose of this statement? A. To inform B. To persuade C. To apologize D. To praise 5. We apologize for the delay, but the severe weather patterns in the area have grounded all planes. What is the purpose of this statement? A. To persuade B. To apologize C. To amuse D. To criticize 练习 Question 1---5 refer to the following page from an appointment calendar. March 28 Monday 31 Thursday Meet train 6:42 at station 4:00 pm Teleconference 29 Tuesday April 1Friday 6:00 Tennis W/T. Kral 10:00 Staff meeting 11:00 Mr. James Gonsalves 30 Wednesday 2 Saturday 12:00 pm Lunch at Elizabeth’s Cafe 7:30 am John Ling-golf course W/Ms. Wdlby 3 Sunday 1.What is this calendar used for? A. To schedule appointmentsB. To organize ideas C. To cancel appointments D. To take notes 2. Where is the appointment with John Ling? A. 7:30 P.M. B. After the weekend C. On the golf course D. Saturday morning 3. What can be inferred from this page? A. There will be a teleconference on Tuesday. B. The staff meeting on Friday will be not be longer than an hour. C. There will be a tennis game on Thursday. D. Ms. Welby is a vegetarian 4. What schedule does this appointment calendar show? A. A work week only B. March 28 to March 31 C. A weekend only D. Monday to Sunday 5. When is the appointment with Ms. Welby? A. On Wednesday at midnight B. At the train station on Monday evening C. At noon D. At Elizabeth’s Cafe on Friday Questions 6---8 refer to the following form. Call 1-800-438-5459 Name & Address to make a reservation _______________________________ _______________________________ You have the opportunity to reserve Phone: ________________________ These accommodations for next year. Today’s date: ___________________ Send a non-refundable reservation fee 10% paid by: ___________________ (10%). The lease will be sent to you by Reservation date: __________________ November 15 Fill out this form and Cash Check 6. What is this type of form used for? A. To obtain insurance B. To reserve accommodations C. To pay a bill D. To pay an invoice7. Which of the following information is filled in at the office? A. Name and address B. Today’s date C. Phone number D. Received by 8. Which of the following can NOT be used for payment? A. Cash B. Credit card C. Personal check D. Traveler’s check Questions 9---12 refer to the following newspaper article. RAISING RATES IN THE CITY---FOR THE TROURIST WHEN TAXES ON hotel rooms in Washing, D.C. rise this summer, the city will go from having the 30th highest hotel taxes to having the 1oth highest among the top tourist cities in the United States. This increase, from 11 percent to 13 percent, is a big one; however, the tax rate is much lower than hotel taxes charged in New York. In addition to hotel taxes, there will be new restaurant taxes. Taxes at Washington restaurants will rise from 9 percent to 10 percent. This increase gives Washington the highest restaurant taxes in the country. Although the new restaurant taxes will affect local citizens, the taxes will mostly affect tourists to the city. These tourists will pay both the new hotel taxes and the new restaurant taxes. An organization based in San Francisco made a survey of “tourist taxes” in 50 most-visited cities. The study of hotel, restaurant, gasoline, car rental, and airfare taxes showed that the average family pays 14 percent of its vacation budget in taxes. “The tourist is the easiest target to tax because tourists don’t vote where they spend,” said the chairman of the organization. 9. What does this article primarily discuss? A. The result of a survey B. Tourist taxes C. Washing, D.C. D. Taxes in restaurants 10. Which taxes will increase by 2 percent? A. Tourist taxes in San Francisco B. Hotel taxes in Washington, D.C. C. Restaurant taxes in Washington, D.C. D. Tourist taxes in 50 most-visited cities 11. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Hotel taxes in New York are higher than those in Washington, D.C. B. Tourists and local citizens pay restaurant taxes C. Taxes make up more than 10 percent of a family’s vacation budget D. New York has the highest restaurant taxes in the United States 12. Why are tourists “the easiest target to tax”? A. Tourists are travelers; they don’t stay to vote against politicians. B. Tourists are easily found. C. Tourists don’t mind paying for fun.D. Tourists usually don’t spend a lot of money. Questions 13---16 refer to the following message. To: Mr. Ramen A Date: 12/08 Time: 10:15 /PM EHILE YOU WERE OUT Mr. Sam Keng of Hotel Service Corporation Phone (202) 555-1234 x341 Area Code Number Extension TELEPHONED PLEASE CALL RETURNED YOUR CALL WILL CALL Message Unable to make tomorrow’s 13. Who made the phone call? A. Mr. Sam Keng B. Mr. Ramen C. Ms. Murohisa D. Hotel Service Corporation 14. Who took the message? A. Mr. Sam keng B. Mr. Ramen C. Ms. Murohisa D. Hotel Service Corporation 15. Why was the call made? A. To cancel a meeting B. To verify a meeting C. To leave a message D. To return a call 16. What will probably happen next? A. Mr. Keng will call Mr. Ramen. B. Mr. Keng and Mr. Ramen will meet on Monday. C. Mr. Ramen will telephone Mr. Keng. D. Ms. Murohisa will return Mr. Keng’s call. Questions 17---20 refer to the following form.CompuSys Conference Secretarial Executiva Telephone: (55) (192) 41-3204 AV.Francisco Jose de Camargo Andrade,34 Fax: (55) (192) 41-5432 13040-221-Campinas,SP Brazil Name ______________________________________________________________________ Last/Family First Middle CompuSys Membership # ______________________________________________________ Company Name ______________________________________________________________ Mailing Address ______________________________________________________________ City/State/Zip/Country _________________________________________________________ Work Phone Number: Fax ________________________ e-mail: ________________________ CONFERENCE: Please check CompuSys Member Non-Member Appropriate fee(s). Advance/Late or On-site Advance/Late or On-site Advance Reservation Fees Until July 10, 19— Full Conference Registration $330/$420 $430/$530 Opening Ceremony $30/$40 $100/$120 Day One of Conference (Oct.2) $100/$120 $110/$135 Day Two of Conference (Oct.3) $100/$120 $$110/$135 Day Three of Conference (Oct.4) $100/$120 $110/$135 Proceedings of the Conference $80/$1000 $110/$135 Total (in U.S. dollars) $ ______________ Methods of Payment Credit Card Payment Order Card Holder Name _________________ PAY TO: Banco do Brasil S.A., New Yourk (USA) Card Number ______________________ SWIFT CODE: BRASUS44 Expiration Date ____________________ CHIPS ABA : 0344 FED WIRE: ABA 0371-1466-8 Authorized FOR ACCT. : 128.141-6 Signature _________________________ 17. What is this form for? A. Customs declaration B. Conference registration C. Hotel reservation D. Duty-free voucher 18. What is the cost for non-members to register for the opening ceremony on-site? A. $30 B. #40 C. #100 D. $12019. Where does the conference take place? A. France B. Switzerland C. New York D. Brazil 20. To save money, registration must be received no later than A. July 10 B. October 2 C. October 3 D. October 4 Questions 21---25 refer to the following fax. SE General Manager’s Office 29th December 19-- Grand Hotel Limited Berkeley Square London, W1A 2JQ Via Fascimile Number: 1-42-72-61-66 Telephone (0171) 518 7759 For the attention of : Mr. Armand Dubois Telex 10761 Fax (01751) 518 1109 DUBOIS AND LEGEF, L.L.P. Attorneys At Law Dear Mr. Dubois, Thank you for your fascimile letter dated 28th December 1994, addressed to Ms. Anna Wong, Assistant Sales Manager, for whom I am replying. It is with great pleasure that I reconfirm we have now reserved your one-bedroom suite from Sunday, 20th January until departure on Monday, 28th January 19--. We will, of course, do our utmost to allocate your usual suite #301/302 for you. However, should this suite not be available, we will naturally provide a suitable bed with bed boards. This room will also be away from the room service waiter area or construction. The daily rate for this accommodation is $500.00, inclusive of Service, excluding Value Added Tax at 17.5%. I trust all is in order, and I look forward very much indeed to welcoming you back to the Grand. You may rest assured that we will do our utmost to ensure that your stay is as comfortable and as enjoyable as possible. If you should feel I can be of any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours sincerely, Malcolm A. Ashton Malcolm A. Ashton General Manager 21. What was the purpose of the fax? A. To promote the hotel B. To confirm a reservation C. To ask for legal advice D. To change the arrival date22. Who did Mr. Dubois originally write to? A. Mr. Leger B. The General Manager C. C. Mr. Ashton D. Ms. Wong 23. What can be said about Mr. Dubois? A. He often stays at the Grand. B. He likes to smoke. C. He never stays longer than two nights. D. He likes to be close to the waiter area. 24. What is included in the room rate? A. Value Added Tax B. Service C. Breakfast D. Airport transfers 25. What will the General Manager do if Suite 301/302 is occupied? A. Refund $500 B. Clean it first C. Offer a comparable suite D. Add an extra bed Questions 26---30 refer to the following fax. Visitors who want to see the city’s attractions have several transportation options. The use of private cars is discouraged, since parking is limited and the streets of the historical district are narrow. Fortunately, excellent alternatives are available. The subway system provides fast, inexpensive transportation to all areas of the city, from 6:00 am to 12 midnight. Bus service operates 24 hours a day, for those who prefer to travel above ground and sneak in some extra sightseeing en route. Those of you who want to make sure that you see all the tourist attractions may be especially interested in our Visitor’s Tour buses, which make stops at all points of interest throughout the city. For your convenience, special visitor’s passes for all forms of public transportation are sold at hotels throughout the city, along with maps and schedules for transportation routes. Subway tickets may also be purchased at subway stops. 26. What is this announcement about? A. Hotels B. Visitors C. Transportation D. Attractions 27. What should visitors NOT do in the city? A. Spend the night B. Drive their cars C. Walk alone D. Travel at rush hour 28. Which service stops at midnight? A. Bus serviceB. Subway service C. Tour service D. Taxi service 29. Why may some people prefer traveling by bus? A. People can see more of the city. B. Buses are faster. C. The subway is more expensive. D. Bus routes are more convenient. 30. Where are tickets sold? A. At special stands B. On the buses C. At some tourist attractions D. At most hotels 三 托业阅读理解解题技巧 一语法,二逻辑(语义),三用法,四硬币 这一口诀概括的是托业语法题整体解题思路和策略,其含义是: 一语法: 做托业语法题,首先从"语法"层次开始.在这一层次,正 确答案与干扰项之间的区分在语法(或句子成分)的差别上.无须弄懂句子的意思即可做对. 如: 1) -------------- were derived from Lation. A. All Romance languages B. While Romance languages C. There are Romance languages D. With Romance languages 上句中缺少的明显是主语,必须由一个名词性结构来充当.4个选项中,只有"A"项是名 词性结构.答案只能是A. 2) The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900's (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology). 上句中介词by之后必须由名词性结构来充当宾语.后面的change虽然既可作动词,也可作名词,但由于其后面还有一个名词 性结构,按照"两个名词不见面"的口诀------我们后面将具体讨论-------这里只能为动词,所以C项错,答案为changing. 上面两道题均可以在不考虑句子意思的前提下即找到正确答案.这类题在托业语法"填空"部分占 85%以上,在"改错"部分亦 不低于60%.掌握这一规律并记住相应的规律和口诀可以大大地提高我们作题速度和质量. 二逻辑(语义): 有一些题仅靠对句子成分地分析无法找出正确答案.这时,我们就必须以语义地层次来考虑语言或意思上的逻辑关系. 如:3) She has not yet ---------- my invitation. A. accepted B. will accept C. excepted D. accepting 从"语法"即句子成分的角度看,缺少的是谓语动词,B,D两项显然不能入选,但A,C两项似乎都可以.这时就需要通过逻辑(语义) 来加以分析.如选A项,句义为"她尚未接受我的邀请:.如选C项,句义为"她尚未把我的邀请排除在外",这显然不合情理,有悖逻 辑.故答案只能是A. 4) Walt Disney (is) remembered by (an American family) everywhere for the distinctive and (irresistible) cartoon character he (introduced) to movies and television. 此句中语法关系自身似无问题,但B项的an American family(一个美国家庭)与后面的everywhere(到处,无所不在)从逻辑 上相悖,为错.故答案是B. 三用法: 有个别题从"语法"和"逻辑"的角度都可接受,这时就必须考虑从"用法"层次区分问题了. 如: 5) Plants receive their nutrients --------- water, soil, and sunlight. A. where B. over C. in from D. from 上句从语法的层次分析, A,C两项均不可取.但B,D两项无论从语法还是逻辑上看都是可以被接受的.此时只能看用法了.由于 receive一词用法上只能与介词from搭配,答案只能是D. 6) City officials (are) concerned (because) crime on public (transportation) (near) reached record highs this summer. 无论是从语法还是逻辑的角度看,上句均无问题.near 一词通常具有形容词,副词,介词 3 种词性,而且还可以用作动词.用副词 修饰动词绝无问题,且 near 具有接近,靠近的含义,与 reached 搭配似乎也没有什么不妥.但从语法的角度看,作副词的 near 只能与draw ,come 等不及物动词搭配,此处为错.故答案为D. 四硬币: 任何考试都有一个速度与质量相统一的问题.质量再高,速度太慢也难得高分.所以,如在正式考试种在上面 3 个层次分析后仍 不能找出答案时,最不可"研题"或"抠题",以免延误时间,在规定的时间内作不完题. 应对托业考试阅读部分的9个技巧 不同的文章不同的问题需用不同的技巧。有些文章您应详细阅读某部分的内容，例如回答完成句子题时，有些文章，您 应专注寻找某些有用字眼，这方法最适合用在配对题上。千万不要勉强自己按顺序回答问题，您可选择先回答能令您更 了解文章内容的问题，例如填充题，或先回答较容易的问题。这样能大增应试的信心。 以下是个人对考试阅读的看法，不对之处请大家指正： ※不要先阅读文章内容 在未清楚目的的时候看阅读测验文章的内容是一件浪费时间的事情，阅读测验是分为3部分，很多考生都会用同一个方 法处理每一部分，就是先详细看文章内容或快速扫描内容，等对文章有一定了解时才开始看问题，用这个方法的人通常 到最后都会发现时间不够用。因为在他们阅读文章的时候，他们不知道需要注意什么内容和找什么答案。※先读题目 最快找到答案的方法是知道在哪个段落可找到答案。如您已清楚每一段的内容大意，您能够一接触问题时便知道哪一段 最有可能包含答案。 要用最短的时间了解每个段落的意思，您可用以下方法：先看每个段落的第一句，然后看第二句，再看段落的最后一句。 如到这个时候，您还是不清楚这一段意思的话，您便需要全篇都看。介绍（Introduction）和结论（Conclusion）通常 都会包含很多有用资讯，您应比较仔细地看这两段。 ※有顺序地阅读： 1）先看标题-看罢标题，对全篇文章应有一个大约的了解； 2）段落题目-知道每段的大概内容，您也能从中推断文章的内容； 3）看较深色或额外涂黑的字-这也可帮助了解文章内容； 4）看图片-有时候看图片比看整段文字更有用。因此，先看图片、图表等等可令您更了解内容； 5）看指引-如不看指引，您可能不知道应以何种方式回答问题。有时候指引也会包含一些关于文章的资料； 6）看例句-例句不单可令您了解如何正确回答问题，也可在一两句之内令您对文章有一个大概的了解，因此看例句绝不 是浪费时间的事； 7）最后，看问题令您了解阅读文章时应留意什么。 ※清楚文章和问题的方式和分布 阅读测验的问题有时在的前面或后面。您必须清楚：测验的3部分是哪里开始，哪里完结；每部分有多少问题，哪里开 始，哪里完结；应如何分配每部分的时间；应先回答哪些问题。 ※清楚答案的位置 很多时候您不用详细阅读整篇文章也能找到答案。首先您可找出问题的关键字或句，然后找出所有在文章出现的关键字 或句。看每个关键字句的前和后寻找答案，按顺序一个一个找，直至找到答案为止。 ※收窄寻找范围 首先您看明白每一组例句问题和最后一条问题，之后再在测验文章内找出例句问题问及哪一段的位置和最后一条问题在 文章内的位置，然后您会发现通常整组问题的答案都是在文章例句问题的位置和最后一条问题的位置中间找到。用这个 方法，您可省掉不少时间。 ※注意文字或句子的形式变化 在文章中寻找答案的难度很多时候会看您对字句的形式变化的认识能力。您需注意3种不同形式： 第一种：同义、相同的字 第二种：同义、相似的字 第三种：同义、有很大差异的变化例句：问题句文章句 a)department stores=department stores（第一类） b)joined by=linked by（第二类） c)walkways above and below the ground=over-the-street crossingsand（第三类）underground walkways ※留意字汇注解 有时候测验会对一些技术性或太深奥的字词会作出解释，千万不要漏看，另外，如果测验是 AcademicModule 的话您会 遇到很多大学程度或在大学才会用到的字，这些字您必须都认识和知道它们的意思。请参考字汇表（Glossary)内的字 并找一本好的字典学习。 ※细心分析深奥词汇 您也许不会认识测验中的每一个字，就算是土生土长的西方人也很难认识所有TOEIC考试的字汇，在平时练习时您应用 字典学习每一个遇到的生字，但在正式考试时您是不能用字典的，因此您应学会猜测，当然最理想是您可猜到字词的意 思，但这并不容易做得到。如您不能猜出意思的话，您可试估计这字词是正面的（positive）还是负面的（negative）， 这对您认识文章的意思和作者的意图很有帮助。 ※留意数字数字的位置是最容易找的，如问题有提及过，用寻找关键字的方法找答案。记着，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。 英语阅读理解怎么做？ 由于传统阅读是银行考试英语中分值比例最大的一种题型，两篇文章，共十道题，占据全卷分值的20% ，且这种题 型是考生朋友们最为熟悉的，笔者在此从命题特点和解题方法两方面做简要分析。 阅读无论是从题材上还是内容上都是与实事热门契合度相当高的，甚至快速阅读和传统阅读的第一篇都不能免俗的 提及了奥巴马，可见平时我们多看英文报纸和新闻对阅读背景知识和词汇积累都是对银行英语考试有益的补充。 题型解读： 52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph? （推断题） 53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States（细节题）? 54. What is Professor Anne Alstott\'s argument for parental support? （细节题） 55. What does the author think of America\'s large body of family laws governing children\'s welfare? （态度题） 56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?（细节题） 57. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE? （细节题） 58. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O? （细节题） 59. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts? （细节题） 60. What accounts for the younger generation\'s political strength according to Professor Henry Flores? （细节题） 61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? （推断题） 一 细节为王 大家对于阅读题的普遍认识是有五种题型，分别为：细节题、主旨题、推断题、态度题和语义题。细节题一般是针 对原文的具体某一事实性内容的考察，考察题型多为以what , how, when, 等开头的特殊疑问句的形式提问，如2010年6 月考试阅读中的53,54,56-60。推断题一般在题干当中会有infer, imply,indicate,learn 等字眼出现如2010年6月考试阅读中 的 52 和 61 题。之所以叫推断是由于推断题的信息往往不是原文直接表述的，而是通过对比，比较，转折等手段间接说 出来的，但并不要求考生根据文章的信息去推理和分析。态度题有的题干问法是针对细节，有的则是针对全文。而语义 题，也称猜词题，则需要结合文章背景，考点中具体单词，短语或句子在上下文中具体的意义。（1. 如何区分这五种题 型？通过哪些标志性的东西确定这是什么题型？2. 请分别标出上面10道题分别是什么题型？）但2010年6月银行英语 考试出现了一个惊人的现象，十道传统阅读有9道题都是以what 开头提问（以what开头提问为什么是特别的？说明文 章考察的重点在于细节，而且尤其是名词性质的细节信息），其中有 7 道题是细节题。说明银行英语阅读在本质上依然 延续了着重对文章细节考察的这一传统。毫无疑问，细节题一直是复习和备考的重中之重。不仅是2010年6月的试题如 此，从历年的真题中，我们发现绝大多数的题目是细节题。这也就进一步证实，阅读题的考察重点是细节题的解题能力， 笔者把这种能力归结为：查找加对应能力。也就是根据题干信息查找原文说法，对比原文与选项的能力。 建议做题步骤： 1）看题干，划出定位词。 2）看一题，定位一题。 3）对比原文与题干，找出异同或丢失信息，解题。 定位词一般为题干中的大写，如人名，地名，书名，组织名称等以及除全文主题词之外的词汇，因为本次传统阅读题目 主要以what 开头，则尤其应该关注名词。 如：2010年6月银行英语考试阅读理解中的54题：54. What is Professor Anne Alstott’s argument for parental support? A) The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing. B) Good parenting benefits society. C) The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries. D) Children need continuous care. 根据题干中的人名Anne Alstott’s可以迅速定位原文第三段第一句As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. 作者指出AnneAlstott’s教授认为社会必须给父母提供相应的支持，因为家庭应被定义为一种社会利益。于是可以对比原文得出正确答案 B) Good parenting benefits society.正是原文的改写。 再如2010年6月阅读的第 55题. What does the author think of America’s large body of family laws governing children’s welfare? A) They fail to ensure children’s healthy growth B) The fail to provide enough support for parents C) They emphasize parents’ legal responsibilities. D) They impose the care of children on parents. 题干中虽然有大写的America’，但本篇文章整个背景都在围绕美国的社会家庭福利政策，因此America会在整篇文章 各处复现，。通过这个词汇无法具体确定一个句子，在这样的情况，考生应注意本题题干的另一个名词性部分：large body of family laws。则可迅速找到原文最后一段：The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’ welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes.在本句中重点在转折词yet之 后，作者指出家长在面对社会所强加给重大责任时，获得极少的帮助。 所以正确答案B) The fail to provide enough support for parents 正是原文的同义转述。 二 逻辑清晰 同时，第56题56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?即考察作者反对将培育子女 仅仅作为个人选择这一观点的原因，因此，除了原文事实细节的对应之外，银行英语还考察文章内在的因果逻辑关系。 即使是what开头的这9道题中，经过仔细推敲，我们发现第60题， What accounts for the younger generation’s political strength according to Professor Henry Flores? A) Their embrace of radical ideas. B) Their desire to change America. C) Their utilization of the Internet.D) Their strong sense of responsibility. 由于题干中有一个词组accounts for说明; 对...负有责任; 证明即60题What accounts for the younger generation’s political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?在考察根据Henry Flores教授，年轻一代的在政治活跃的优势原因为 何。考生应注意到原文Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary’s University credits this younger generation’s political strength to their embrace of technology. 在这个句子中出现了一个比较生僻的搭配 credit [(+for/to)] :意为归功于， 归因于。即对60题因果关系的回应。在银行英语阅读考试中，经常考察除纯粹的事实细节之外，有时爱考察前后句间的 因果关系。因此考生在考前还应熟悉因果关系的表达法（可以举出一些常见的表示因果关系的表达吗？谢谢如考生比较 熟悉，但容易忽视的because，for, reason, cause, consequently ,in that ）。 三 合理推理 推断题说到底是细节题和主旨题的变体考法，之所以叫推断是由于推断题的信息往往不是原文直接表述的，而是通 过对比，比较，转折等手段间接说出来的，但具体做法还是细节题或主旨题。 （推断题的具体特点或标志？和细节题相比，需要注意些什么？推断题一般在题干当中会有infer, imply,indicate,learn 等明显标志词出现） 如2010年6月第2篇阅读61题. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? (请给出完整的A,B,C,D选项) 61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? A) They are politically conservative. B) They reject conventional values. C) They dare to take up challenges. D) They are indifferent to politics. 可以根据题干中大写Generation X? 定位在最后一段 The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) they\'ve inherited from Generation X (60 年代后期和70 年代出生的美国人). 结果是这一代的年轻人，在强烈的目标感中 成长起来，并摆脱了Generation X留给人的冷漠印象，apathy (冷漠)正是选项 D) They are indifferent to politics.中indifferent 同义词 一般来说，正确选项会具体表现出四种特征：一，是原文的完全再现（可能性较小）；二，是原文的结构，个别名词或 动词进行同义替换（最常出现）；三，是原文的主宾颠倒（较常出现）；四，是原文的全文同义替换（较少出现）。这 里需要考生注意的就是第二种情况，个别词的同义替换，也就是希望考生朋友们在平时背单词的时候多积累一些同义词， 这对阅读题的解题是最有帮助的。来源：考试大 四 命题点与常考语言特征相结合。在银行英语传统阅读文章中，每篇文章包含 450 词的信息量，但不是每一句都是作者强调的重点，或者出题人热衷 的出题热点。因此我们在阅读文章的过程中也要做到详略得当，张弛有度。在银行英语阅读中，出题人尤其喜欢针对一 些特定的语言特征来设置题目，像特殊的标点符号，，转折关系，比较关系，因果关系，引用，举例等等. 如 What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph? 题干给出的推理范围比较大，对应第一段整段。 但在第一段中我们不难发现，实际出题人希望我们看到或者重点细读的应为首段最后一句 I wasn\'t surprised when this didn\'t make the news here in the United States—we\'re now the only wealthy country without such a policy.因为此句中既包 含表解释说明的特殊符号破折号，又包含弱转折的新旧时间对比词时间副词now, 还包含表示唯一性的词only, 这三个语 言现象都是出题人设题的传统热点。仔细读完这句话，我们不难得出52题的答案A) America is now the only developed country without the policy. 美国是发达国家中唯一没有该项政策的国家。 结语 银行英语考试每年具体题材和内容尽管各有不同，但总体而言各类题型的破题方法和出题人的出题思路仍然是有迹 可循的，希望通过笔者的微言能给焦急备考中的你些许的帮助，如果大家能认真的消化，仔细的研究，不断的练习，应 该不难把握其中的套路和规律。