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2013年 12月大学英语四级考试真题(第 1套)
Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)
Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy based
on the picture below . You should start your essay with a brief account
of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why
education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information . You
should writeat least 120wordsbut nomore than180words .
“Once Ilearn howtouse Google ,isn’t that
all theeducation Ireally need?”
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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section ,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations . At the end of each conversation , one or more questions
will be asked about what was said . Both the conversations and the
questions will be spoken only once . After each questions there will be
apause .During the pause , you must read the four choices marked A) ,
B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer . Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheer 1 with a single line through the
centre.
1.A)The woman is nowworking in a kindergarten.
B) Theman will soon start abusiness of hisown.
C)Theman would liketo be ahigh schoolteacher.
D)The woman is goingtomajor inchild education.
2. A)The furniture has to berearranged.
B) Thesound equipmenthas tobe set up.
C)Theconference room has to becleanedD)Thevideo machinehas to bechecked.
3. A)Sheis exhausted. C)Shecannot finishwork in time.
B) Sheis near-sighted. D)Shecannot go straight home.
4. A)The woman is too particular about food.
B) Hewould rather have ameal anhourlater.
C)Thewoman shouldorder her food quickly.
D)He usuallyprefers ice-cream to sandwiches.
5. A)He is nota good mechanic. C)Hespends his sparetimedoing repairs.
B) Hedoesn't keep his promises. D)He is always ready tooffer help toothers.
6. A)Sam has a big family tosupport.
B) Samis not interested in traveling.
C)Thepay offer bythetravel agency is toolow.
D)The Workhours inthe travel agency are too long.
7. A)International trade C)Financial consulting.
B) Product development. D) Domesticretailing.
8. A)Go ona business trip. C)Makea ticket reservation.
B) Look fora job inMiami. D) Take avacation.
Questions9to 11are based ontheconversation youhavejust heard.
9.A)It is located onRoute18. C)It isa beautiful little town.
B) It has an interesting museum. D)It lies seven miles east ofNewton.
10.A)They are in oppositedirections. C)They are quiteclose to each other.
B)They are fifty-five miles apart. D)They are along drivefrom Norwalk.
11. A)They are connected byRoute7. C)They have lots ofold houses.
B)They are crowded with tourists. D)They have manyrare plants.
Questions12to 15are based ontheconversation youhavejust heard.
12.A)Bringhim uptodate onthecurrent situation inMilan.
B) Inform him ofthearrangements for histrip in Italy.
C)Fetch thedocuments signed byMr Gartner.
D)Accompany Mr Gartner to thebateairport.13.A)About8:30. B) About6:30.
C)About5:30. D) About4:15.
14.A)MrGartner from Milan. C)The company's sales representative.
B) Gianni Rivaat Megastar. D)Gavin from the ChamberofCommerce.
15.A)Travel agent. C)Secretary.
B) Business manager. D)Saleswoman.
Section B
Directions : In this section ,you will hear 3 short passage . At the end of each
passage , you will hear some questions . Both the passage and the
questions will be spoken only once . After you hear a question , you
must choose the best answer from the four choice marked A) , B) , C)
and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheer 1 with a
singlelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions16to 19are based onthepassageyou havejustheard.
16. A)Shehad adesire to helpothers.
B) Shewanted tofind out more about it.
C)Sheneededsomeoverseas experience.
D)Shewas interested infarming.
17.A)Carry out acultural exchange program. C)Learn Portuguese.
B) Workonan agricultural project. D) Teach English.
18. A)Shefound itdifficult to secure ajob in herown country.
B) Shewanted torenew hercontact with thePeace Corps.
C)Shewas invited to work as an English teacher.
D)Shecould not get the country out ofhermir1ld.
19. A)By teaching additional English classes.
B) By writingstories for American newspaper.
C).By working part timefor thePeace Corps.
D)By doing oddjobs forlocal institutions.
PassageTwo
Questions20to 22are based onthepassageyou havejustheard.20. A)Timespent exercising. C)Time spentonleisure activities
B) Time spent working. D)Time spent with friends and family.
21. A)Reading. B) Surfing theWeb. C)Eatingout. D) WatchingTV.
22.A)Driving. C)Goingto thepub.
B)Gardening. D)Visiting friends.
PassageThree
Questions23to 25are based onthepassageyou havejustheard.
23.A)The cardriver was tryingto avoid hitting a rabbit.
B) Thecar driver was partly responsiblefor theaccident.
C)McLaughlin was talkingto his manager whiledriving.
D)McLaughlin’s carelessness resulted in thecollision.
24. A)He crashed into acar parked there.
B) Heknocked down several mail boxes.
C)Hetore down thecompany’s main gate.
D)He did serious damage to aloaded truck.
25.A)He willlose hisjob. C)He willbe fined heavily.
B)Hewill have topay damages. D)He willreceive retraining.
Section C
Directions : In this section ,you will hear a passage three times. When the passage
is read for the first time , you should listen carefully for its general
idea . When the passage is read for the second time , you are required
to fill in the blanks with the extra words you have just heard. Finally,
when the passage is read for the third time , you should check what
you have written.
When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate _26_，they
replied. “ Because it is right. ”If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and
forks , or why their men wear pants _27_ skirts，or why they may be married to only
one person at a time，we are likely to get _28_ and very uninformative answers :”
Because it’s right.’’ ‘‘Because that’s the way it’s done ’’ ‘‘Because it s the _29_ ”or
even “I don’t know ” The reason for these and countless other " patterns of social
behavior that they are _30_ by social norms--shared rules or guidelines which
prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation Norms _31_ how
people “ought” to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We
conform (遵守) to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they _32_ . In fact , we
are much more likely to notice _33_ from norms than conformity to them. You
would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced,
but you might be a little _34_ if they bowed , started to stroke you or kissed you on
both _35_．Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts ofthe world．When we visit another society whose norms are different , we quickly
become aware thatthings wedothis way，they dothat way．
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks . You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word
bank following the passage . Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a
letter . Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre . You may not use any of
thewords inthebank morethan once.
Questions36to 45are based onthefollowing passage.
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse ? The answer used to be two-year
associate’s of four-year bachelor’s degree programs．But as the nursing shortage
_36_，a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing“ fast-track
programs”that enable college graduates with no nursing _37_ to become registered
nurses with only ayear or so of_38_training .
In 1991，there were only 40 fast-track curricula ; now there are more than 200.
Typical is Columbia University’s Entry to Practice program. Students earn their
bachelor of science in nursing in a year . Those who stay on for an _39_ two years
can earn a master’s degree that _40_ them as nurse practitioners (执业护士) or
clinical nurse specialists．
Manystudents are recent _41_; others are career switchers．Rudy Guardron，32，
a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then
worked for a pharmaceutical (药物的) research company . At Columbia , he was
_42_ as a nurses practitioner . “I saw that nurses were in high _43_ and it looked
like a really good opportunity，”he says．“Also，I didn't want to be in school for
that long.’’
The fast-track trend fills a need，but it’s also creating some _44_ between
newcomers and veterans.“Nurses that are still at the bedside _45_ these kids with
suspicion，”says Linda Pellico，who has taught nursing at Yale University for l8
years.“They wonder, howcan they doit quicker?”The answer is they don’t.
A) additional I) promote
B) applied J)qualifies
C) demand K) specialized
D) excessive L) tension
E) experience M) trained
F) explores N) view
G) graduates O) worsens
H) operationsSection B
Directions : In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph morethan once . Each paragraph
is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.
Theriseof thesharingeconomy
A) Last night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers
250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and
paid for everything online. But their bed were provided by private individuals，
rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb , a firm
based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have
used it—2.5 million of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a
huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds，cars , boats and other
assets directly from each other ,co-ordinated viatheinternet.
B) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅
店)，owning a timeshare (分时度假房) or participating in a car pool. But
technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and
easier than ever——and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big
change is the availability of more data about people and things，which allows
physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet,
renting a surfboard , a power tool or a parking space from someone else was
feasible，but was usually more trouble than it was worth Now websites such as
Airbnb，RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters ; smartphones
with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked ; social
networks provide a way to check up on people mad build trust；and online
payment systems handlethe billing.
What’s mineis yours，forafee
C) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer ,
sharing sites let individuals act as all ad hoc (临时的) taxi service，car-hire
firm or boutique hotel (精品酒店) as and when it suits them. Just go online or
download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are
widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars
are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in
Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of
thesharing economy liketo putit ,access trumps (胜过) ownership.
D) Rachel Botsmam , the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-
to-peer rental market alone is worth $26 billion. Broader definitions of the
sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or putting a solar panel on your
roof and selling power back to the grid (电网). And it is not just individuals:
the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle
machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things
from each other.E) Such “collaborative” (合作的) consumption is a good thing for several reasons.
Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San
Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year,
making $9,300. Car owners who rent out their vehicles to others using
RelayRides make an average of $250 a month ; some make more than $1,000.
Renters, meanwhile, pay 1ess than they would if they bought the item
themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hote1 or car-hire firm.
And there are environmental benefits , too: renting a car when you need it,
rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources
mustbe devoted tomaking them.
F) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the
charm. Curmudgeons (倔脾 气的人 ) who imagine that every renter is a
murderer can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust.
As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online
reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction,
which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-
wreckers. By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check
each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An
Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how
well thesystem usually woks.
Peeringinto thefuture
G) The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America
15 year ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a
successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere.
Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages
people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a
peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power seller”
(many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen
with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for
enterprise. Somepeoplehave bought cars solely torent them out, forexample.
H) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a
share in a sharing rival. So do GM ad Daimler, two carmakers. In future,
companies may develop hybrid (混合的) models, listing excess capacity
(whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer renta1 sites. In
the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways
entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced
Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport,
tourism,equipment-hire and more.
I) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel
taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track
down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services
have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that
although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm,
existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out
rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are
morethan adequate.
J) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to consumers.
This emerging model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的) enough for
regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense
potential. It istimetostart caringabout sharing.
46.Sharing itemssuch as cars does good to theenvironment.
47.Airbnb's success clearly illustrates theemergence ofa huge sharing economy.
48.Themajorconcern about thesharing economy is howthegovernment regulates it.
49.Themost frequently shared itemsare those expensiveto buybut not fully used.
50. Thesharing economy has apromising future.
51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation, travel,
rentals, etc.
52. Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions
online.
53. Thesharing economy is likely togo theway ofonlineshopping.
54. One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not
madefulluseof.
55. Sharing appeals tothe sociablein that theycanmeet new people.
Section C
Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
singlelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions56to 60are based onthefollowing passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food
intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for
energy, including oureatingenvironment and ourperception of thefood in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar
distraction ) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple
visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and
consumption.
A new studysuggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite.
Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much
they'd eaten but rather by now much food they'd seen in front of them---in other
words, howmuch they remembered eating.This disparity(差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger
influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom,
aprofessor of experimental psychology at theUniversity ofBristol.
“Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal.
We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal,” Brunstrom says.
“This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex
thanwe thought. “
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can
sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance,
people who drank the same 880-caiorie ( 卡 路 里 ) milkshake on two separate
occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones ( 荷尔蒙 ), depending
on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the
participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-
calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits ? Although it hardly seems practical to
trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing
onourfood and avoidingTVandmultitasking whileeating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control
ourappetite ,Brunstromsays.
56．Whatis said to bea factor affecting ourappetite andfood intake?
A)How weperceive thefood we eat. C)Whenwe eat our meals.
B) Whatingredients thefood contains. D)Howfast weeat ourmeals.
57．What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the
previous meal?
A)You would probably bemore picky about food．
B) You would not feel likeeating thesame food．
C)You would have agood appetite．
D)You would not feel so hungry．
58．Whatdowe learn from the2011study?
A)Food labels may mislead consumers intheirpurchases．
B) Foodlabels may influence ourbody’sresponse to food．
C)Hunger levels depend onone’sconsumption ofcalories．
D)Peopletend totake in alot morecalories than necessary．
59.Whatdoes Brunstrom suggest we doto control ourappetite?
A)Trick ourselves intoeating less. C)Concentrateonfood whileeating．
B) Choosefoodwith fewercalories. D)Pickdishes of theright size．
60.Whatis themain idea ofthepassage7
A)Eating distractions often affect our food digestion．B) Psychological factors influence ourhunger levels．
C)Ourfood intakeis determined byourbiologicalneeds.
D)Good eating habits willcontribute to ourhealth．
PassageTwo
Questions61to 65are based onthefollowing passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education ,
so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally，
both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles
that are likely tobe expected ofthem.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they
might, or than many other nations currently offer，creating a growing skills gap in
our economy．We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared
or not，or have a clear sense of purpose or interest , and now have the highest college
dropout rate inthe world．
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better
training，as well as the development of a work ethic ( 勤奋工作的美德 ) and the
intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend
Harvard's 2011 “Pathways to Prosperity ” report for more attention to the“forgotten
half” (thosewho donot go onto college) andideas about howto address thisissue．
Simultaneously ， the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a
knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college
students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet，the skill set needed
is onethat prepares them forchange and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech，knowing how to find
information , and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a
wide variety of roles，and such training is more important than any particular major
in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking
skills that will servefor alifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible
decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental
involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education，
parental concern is not surprising，but learning where and when to intervene ( 干预 )
will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly
educations.
61. Whatkind ofeducation does theauthorthink is ideal?
A) It benefits thegreat majority ofthegeneral population.
B) It prepares studentsto meet thefutureneeds ofsociety.
C) It encourages studentsto learn throughout theirlives.
D) It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
62.Whatdoes theauthorsay is the problemwith present highschool education?
A)Ignoring theneeds of thosewho don't go tocollege.
B) Teaching skills tobe used right after graduation only.C)Givinglittle attention to thosehaving difficulty learning.
D)Creating thehighest dropout rate in thedeveloped world.
63.Whatcharacterizes aknowledge economy according to thepassage?
A) Peoplehaveto receivehigher education to qualifyfor aprofessional position.
B) Studentsmajoring inliberal arts usually havedifficulty securing a job.
C)New positions are constantly created that require peopleto keep learning.
D)Colleges find it hard toteach students howto cope withthe changing economy.
64.Whatdoes theauthorthink aliberal arts college shouldfocus on?
A)Solid background knowledgein a particularfield.
B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society.
C)Basicskills needed for change and lifelong learning.
D)Useful thinkingskillsfor advanced academic research.
65.Whatsuggestion does the authoroffer to parents?
A)Rethinking thevalueof higher education.
B) Investing wisely in theirchildren's education.
C)Helping theirchildren to bring theirtalent intofull play.
D)Avoiding too muchintervention in theirchildren's education.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30minutes)
Directions:For thispart ,you are allowed30minutes to translateapassagefrom
ChineseintoEnglish. You shouldwriteyour answer onAnswer Sheet2.
许多人喜欢中餐,在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。
精心准备的中餐既可口又好看, 烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。 但好的
烹饪都有一个共同点 , 总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养( nutrition) 。 由
于食物对健康至关重要 , 好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,
所以中餐既味美又健康。
