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专题 02 非谓语动词
目录
考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：提升专练，全面突破
考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义
考点二 非谓语动词作状语
考点三 非谓语动词作定语
考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
考点五 非谓语动词作宾补
考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语
考点七 如何解答非谓语动词类题目
考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
其表示的动作与句中谓
一般式 to do to be done 语动词的动作同时发生
或在其后发生
不定式 其表示的动作与句中谓
进行式 to be doing
语动词的动作同时发生
其表示的动作发生在句
完成式 to have done to have been done
中谓语动词的动作之前
其表示的动作与句中谓
现在分 一般式 doing being done 语动词的动作同时发
词/动名 生，或基本上同时发生
词 其表示的动作先于句中
完成式 having done having been done
谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的
学科网（北京）股份有限公司被动关系，表完成
Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the
modern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
考点二 非谓语动词作状语
(一)不定式作状语
1．作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数
字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year in order to/so as to/to visit her.
她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京去看她。
2．作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；
too...to do...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却
发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
3．作原因状语。常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard,
cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted,
disappointed 等。
This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作
只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。
名师点津
常考查“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不
定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为
不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
(二)分词作状语
分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与 while, when,
once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语
时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示
的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是
人类的手与大脑的产物，这反映了人类的智慧与创造性。
Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。
Generally speaking, if taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
一般来说，如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
名师点津
学科网（北京）股份有限公司某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且常用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态，
作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用 being。常见的有 located(坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的),
hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)等，无论
它们在句中作何种成分都不用其ing形式。
Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在
降临。
(三)独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的独立成分有：
独立成分 意义
generally speaking (to be general) 一般来说
honestly/roughly/strictly speaking 老实说/大体说/严格说
frankly speaking/to be frank 坦白说
judging from/by 根据……来判断
taking...into consideration/account 考虑到……
considering/seeing/given... 考虑到……
to tell the truth/to be honest 说实话
compared with/by 与……相比
to make things worse 更糟糕的是
To be honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 说实话，尽管这份
工作本身很有趣，但是这个报酬不是很吸引人。
(四)独立主格结构作状语
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成，用于修饰整
个句子。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作
状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。其构成形式主要有：
1．名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动)
Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 因为在桌前
久坐，办公室工作人员一般都被健康问题所困扰。
Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
2．with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. 有许多的难题
要解决，这位新选的总统正过着一段艰难的日子。
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到了一张
宴会的请柬，由于作业做完了，他很乐意地接受了。
I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on. 噪音不绝于耳，我没法做作业。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司基础题
1.We should have a healthy diet， proper exercise and enough sleep fit.
A.keeping B.to keep C.keep D.kept
答案 B 考查动词不定式。此处表目的，应用动词不定式，故选B。
2.Our country has made laws (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
答案 to protect 考查动词不定式。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to protect。
3. the people locked inside， the firemen broke down the door.
A.Reach B.To reach C.Reaching D.To reaching
答案 B 考查动词不定式。此空填动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。
4.In his free time， he likes traveling around， his discoveries by phone.
A.recording B.to record C.recorded D.records
答案 A 考查现在分词。主语与动词record之间为主动关系，空处用现在分词作伴随状语，故选A。
5. with the price of houses， the price of cars has become a little lower recently.
A.To compare B.Comparing C.Compared D.To be compared
答案 C 考查过去分词。compared with...是过去分词短语作状语，指“与……相比”。故选C。
提高题
单句语法填空
1．Over the years, the brand has also held various exhibitions and international art exchanges, ________ (become)
a window of Chinese traditional culture to the world.[2023·湖南省高三六校联考]
2．In 1991, a photograph of the then 8-year-old Su, with a pair of large, crystal-clear eyes ________ (cry) for
knowledge, touched numerous people.[2023·济南名校高三交流联考]
3．Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony，and
climbed up ________ (see) them.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]
4．He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, ________ (trap) in an unhealthy daily
routine.[2023·南通市高三考前练习卷]
5．To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy
________(produce) in large numbers.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二]
6．Although Liu's dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience ________ (follow )．
[2023·汕头市模拟]
1．答案与解析：becoming 现在分词。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结
果，且句子的主语the brand与become之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填becoming。
2．答案与解析：crying 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构，又因为eyes与cry之间
构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填crying。
3．答案与解析：to see 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中的 climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使
学科网（北京）股份有限公司用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要向上爬以看到他们(外面玩闹的孩子们)，故应该使用不定式作目的状语，
故填to see。
4．答案与解析：trapped 考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾经沉迷于电子设备，每晚熬夜，陷于不健康的日
常生活中。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和句子的主语之间为被动
关系，故填trapped。
5．答案与解析：to produce 考查动词不定式。句意：为了养活地球上70亿人口，今天大多数农民只种植
易于大量生产的植物品种。be easy to do sth.做某事是容易的，固定搭配。
6．答案与解析：to follow 考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处为“too＋形容词＋to do sth.”句型，表
示“太……而不能”，故填to follow。
考点三 非谓语动词作定语
(一)不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。
名师点津
不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
2．序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。
注意：该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后
一个离校。
3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如 ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise,
attempt, way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
名师点津
不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定
式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go swimming with you.
我有一封信(需要我)要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳了。
I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me?
我有一封信想(让别人替我)寄出去，你能帮我一下吗？
(二)分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词
与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用
学科网（北京）股份有限公司“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically
and personally.
大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人事务上取得
成功。
Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
2．作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只
表示动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves 在落下的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves 叶(表完成)
名师点津
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being
done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：
①Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.
②The bridge built in 2019 was designed by a local company.
③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
④The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.
基础题
1.The way the classroom clean and tidy proves to be very good.
A.keeps B.keeping C.kept D.to keep
答案 D 考查动词不定式。the way to do sth.指“做某事的方法”，此空应用动词不定式作定语，修饰名
词way。故选D。
2.The chemicals that make swimming pool water safe can have side effects (副作用). They need at least
once a week.
A.check B.checked C.checking D.to check
答案 C 考查动名词。need作为实义动词时，need to do sth.需要做某事，表主动，主语通常是人;need
doing需要被做，表被动，主语通常是物，物+need+doing=物+need+to be done。根据句意可知，这些化学
物质需要(被)检查，表被动，故选C。
3.If you want to know more about Nanjing， the best way (explore) it is on foot or by bike.
答案 to explore 考查动词不定式。空处作way的后置定语，应使用动词不定式。故填to explore。
4.Wow! Your hair is too long. Why not have it (cut) tomorrow?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司答案 cut 考查过去分词。have sth. done意为“让某事被做”，it指代Your hair，与动词cut(修剪)是逻辑
上的被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填cut。
5.The career he devoted himself to him by people all over the world.
A.made;remembered B.making;remember
C.making;was remembered D.made;to remember
答案 A 考查谓语动词和过去分词。分析句子结构可知，第一空前的“he devoted himself to”是定语从句，
修饰先行词career，表示“他全身心投入的事业”，所以第一空应填谓语动词，结合devoted可知应用一般
过去时，故填made;第二空结合make和空后的by可知，此处是固定结构make sb. done，表示“使某人
被……”，所以第二空应用过去分词，故选A。
6.—Have you heard the news?
—Yes. The school radio station announced that our school had put the money (筹募) to buy new
instruments for kids.
答案 raised 考查过去分词。“筹募”用raise来表示，空前的the money与动词raise之间是被动关系，
此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填raised。
7.My grandpa prefers to wear shoes (make) of cloth. He thinks they are comfortable.
答案 made 考查过去分词。根据语境可知，此处指更喜欢穿用布制成的鞋，应用过去分词作定语，修饰
名词shoes。故填made。
提高题
单句语法填空
1．The first eSports event was the one ________ (hold) by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game
Spacewar！[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测]
2．As darkness falls, the best place ________ (witness)the city is on the wall, where one can't help but imagine the
distant past.[2023·河南省高考适应性练习]
3．In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games where all venues (场地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing
is the first city in the world ________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games.[2023·九江市第二次模拟]
4．“It has really given me the desire to visit China, in particular to explore the traditional ink artwork，”
said Marianne Simon, an MA (文学硕士) student ________(major) in publishing and creative writing at Kingston
University.[2023·河北省高考适应性考试]
5．As a matter of fact, there is no ________ (fix) ways for the Double Ninth cake, but super cakes have as many as
nine layers, looking like a tower.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟]
1．答案与解析：held 非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是was, hold在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语one之间构
成动宾关系，所以空处填held。
2．答案与解析：to witness 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有
最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。
3．答案与解析：to host 考查非谓语动词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会是历史上第一届所有场馆都使用清
洁能源的奥运会，也是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。设空处在句中作非谓语，当名词
学科网（北京）股份有限公司被序数词修饰时，应用动词不定式的形式作定语。
4．答案与解析：majoring 考查现在分词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。Marianne
Simon, an MA student与major是主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。
5．答案与解析：fixed 考查形容词。句意：事实上，重阳糕并没有固定的做法，但超级蛋糕有多达九层，
看起来像一座塔。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词ways，故填fixed, 意为“固定的”。
考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage,
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
care, pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, help
A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help (to) shape your year ahead.
在年底对成功和失败进行快速的回顾会有助于你下一年的发展。
名师点津
(1)此外afford, happen(碰巧), wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
(2)动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out等常接“疑
问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to,
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
excuse/pardon；admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/
appreciate
forbid/avoid, imagine, risk；can’t help(禁不住), mind,
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
allow/permit, escape
He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
名师点津
allow, permit, forbid, advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾
补。即allow/permit/forbid/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做……；try doing 试着去做……；(2)mean
to do打算做……；mean doing 意味着……；(3)regret to do遗憾要去做……；regret doing后悔做过……；
(4)remember to do 记得去做……；remember doing记得做过……；(5)forget to do忘记去做……；forget
doing 忘记做了……
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，
还有我在那里所看到的一切。
I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司名师点津
动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。
与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.(clean与the window之间存在动宾关系)
He needs to leave at once.(leave与he之间不存在动宾关系)
4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。常见的含有介词的动词短语：be/get used
to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于……), object
to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。此外，介词后跟动名词的结构：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing
sth.；have fun (in) doing sth.
It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.
我现在与学生们打交道和我过去航海一样开心。
名师点津
(1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形
式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。
We had no choice but to wait.我们除了等待之外别无选择。
I could do nothing except agree.我除了同意，什么都做不了。
(2)but后总跟省略不定式符号to的短语：do nothing but...只能……； cannot help but...禁不住……；
cannot but...不得不……；cannot choose but...只得……
基础题
1.Science is my favourite subject， so I have prepared the STEAM Club.
A.join B.joining C.to join D.to joining
答案 C 考查动词不定式。prepare to do sth. 准备做某事，故选C。
2.I have decided to go to Beijing and one of my old friends there.
A.visiting B.visited C.visits D.visit
答案 D 考查动词的非谓语形式。decide to do sth.指“决定做某事”。and连接两个动词不定式时，第二
个to可以省略，所以空处填visit。故选D。
3.—Our school will invite Mr. Wang us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give C.giving D.gave
答案 B 考查动词不定式。invite sb. to do sth.是固定用法。故选B。
4.—Timmy looks unhappy. Do you know why?
—I was a bit rude just now. I now regret those bad words.
A.say B.said C.saying D.to say
学科网（北京）股份有限公司答案 C 考查动名词。根据语境可知，让“我”后悔的事发生在过去。regret doing sth.指“后悔做了某
事”，故选C。
5. Did the boys stop much noise as soon as they saw Mr. Li coming?
A.to make B.make C.made D.making
答案 D 考查动名词。此处指“男孩们停止吵闹”，stop doing sth.指“停止做某事”，故选D。
6.Sorry， hamburgers in our shop have been sold out. Do you mind (取消) your order?
答案 cancelling/canceling 考查动名词。根据中文提示可知，此处填cancel的适当形式。mind doing sth.
介意做某事，所以此处填cancelling/canceling。
7.Tony’s sister enjoys (listen) to music and she often goes to concerts.
答案 listening 考查动名词。根据enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事)可知，此空填listening。
8.The managers of the big company have been used to (deal) with problems online.
答案 dealing 考查动名词。be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，故此处填动词的⁃ing 形式。故填
dealing。
提高题
单句语法填空
1．There are now 1，800 giant pandas living in the wild, a number that officials credit to the country's devotion to
________(maintain) nature reserves and other conservation initiatives in recent years.[2023·全国优质校高三大联
考]
2．He plans to pursue his career in the mainland after ________ (complete) his studies.[2023·山东省高三大联考]
3．For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects; some are
working on a social studies project which involves ________ (construct)a family tree including researching
relatives alive in the 1800s.[2023·山东师范大学附中考前打靶]
4．Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed ________ (give) his hometown a path
available to the nearby town.[2023·辽宁县级重点高中协作体一模]
5．That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the
practice.[2022·浙江卷1月]
1．答案与解析：maintaining 考查非谓语动词。句意： 目前有1800只野生大熊猫，官员们将这一数字归
功于中国近年来致力于维护自然保护区和其他保护举措。devotion to奉献于，致力于，其中 to 为介词，
后跟动名词作宾语。
2．答案与解析：completing 考查非谓语动词。句意：他计划完成学业后到大陆发展。介词after后面应用
动名词completing做宾语， 故填completing。
3．答案与解析：constructing 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于青少年来说，有些人已经学会了如何使用缝
纫机，并做了几个项目；有些人正在从事社会研究项目，其中包括构建一个家谱，包括研究活在19世纪的
亲属。involve doing sth.包括做某事。
4．答案与解析：to give 考查不定式和固定短语。句意：尽管一开始人们都嘲笑他，但他最终还是为自己
的家乡开辟了一条通往附近城镇的道路。manage to do是固定短语，意为“设法完成了某事”，因此空格
学科网（北京）股份有限公司处是不定式to give，故填to give。
5．答案与解析：to continue 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。
考点五 非谓语动词作宾补
1.接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)
常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause,
allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like/love/prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词。
The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2．接不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词
·一感：feel
·二听：hear, listen to
·三让：let, make, have
·四看：see, watch, notice, observe
·半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth.
不定式作宾补表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。
3．现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关
系。
I hear someone knocking at the door.我听到有人在敲门。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.对不起，让你久等了。
4．过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补，着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
He saw the thief caught by the police.他看到那个贼被警察抓起来了。
The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard．老师提高嗓门以便让别人听到他的话。
名师点津
(1)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth.done＝get sth.done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth.doing sth.让……一直做某事；get sb./sth.doing 使……开始做某事；③have sb.do sth.＝get
sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗
车。
(2)have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中，常与can’t, won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
I can’t have you getting away with telling lies.我不能容忍你因撒谎而不受惩罚。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司基础题
1.—Have you seen the film Full River Red by Zhang Yimou?
—Yes. The famous poem reminds us (be) loyal to our country.
答案 to be 考查动词不定式。remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语，
故填to be。
2.What did you find (hide) behind the door just now?
答案 hiding 考查现在分词。句意:你刚才发现门后面躲着什么? find sb./sth. doing sth.指“发现某人/某物
正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语。故填hiding。
提高题
单句语法填空
1．Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him ________(overcome)those difficulties
and reach his destination.[2023·武汉市高三模拟]
2．However, some of us often find ourselves ________ (reserve) a table for one in a restaurant. But is dining alone
really that bad? Maybe not.[2023·雅礼中学模拟二]
3．But that's how nature is—always leaving us ________ (astonish)．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]
4．They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of
good fortune.[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]
1．答案与解析：to overcome 考查动词不定式。句意：傅认为，正是他的科学训练方法使他能够克服这
些困难并到达目的地。固定短语enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，故填to overcome。
2．答案与解析：reserving 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们中的一些人经常发现自己在餐馆里为一个
人预定了一张桌子。此处为find＋宾语＋宾补结构，ourselves与reserve构成主动关系，故填reserving。
3．答案与解析：astonished 分析句子结构，发现提示词作非谓语，且在动词leave后作宾语补足语，应考
虑用-ed分词。
4．答案与解析：decorated 考查非谓语动词。句中them与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作
宾语补足语。
考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语
(一)非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。
1．动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未
做的动作。
Listening to music is my sister's hobby. 听音乐是我姐姐的爱好。
To enter a good university for further study is my goal now. 进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
2．it作形式主语， 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有：
(1)It is/was no use/good＋doing sth.；
It's a waste of time doing sth.；
①It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司假装没看见他是没有用的，所以我向他挥手。
②It is no good trying that method, because it won't work. 那种方法没用，因为行不通。
(2)It is/was＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.等。
It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.
尽管我们以各种方式保持联系，但亲自见面对我们来说很重要。
3．非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令
人感到……的”， 而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。
①The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Chinese culture and traditions.
该节日的目的是提高人们对中国文化和传统的认识。
②At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together.
起初她很害怕，后来又恢复了镇静。
③The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying. 核弹的辐射是可怕的。
基础题
How proud the parents were (hear) their son had won first prize!
答案 to hear 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be proud to do sth.“为做某事感到自
豪”，故填to hear。
提高题
单句语法填空
1. ________ (eat) so-called “junk food” does activate the brain's reward system, but the happiness is short-lived
because it's not the deep reward of real comfort.[2023·惠州市高三第一次调研]
2．It is, therefore, urgent ________ (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant
fields.[2023·连云港市考前模拟一]
3 ． In fact, much remains ________ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements. Through
appreciating Chinese painting, you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese
people.[2023·山东省烟台市、德州市一模]
4．So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ________
(qualify)．[2023·厦门市第二次质量检测]
5．Lola got ________ (lose) when the Mejeurs were visiting a friend in Elk Grove Village in 2017.[2023·山西运
城考前模拟]
1．答案与解析：Eating 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“________ so-called ‘junk food’”为非谓语动词
短语作主语，且表示“吃所谓的垃圾食品”，故空处填Eating，注意首字母大写。
2．答案与解析：to update 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，迫切需要通过介绍相关领域的最新发展来更新
我们的课程。分析句子结构，It是形式主语，空处应用不定式形式，作真正的主语。
3．答案与解析：to be learned/to be learnt 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，关于中国传统绘画及其元素，
学科网（北京）股份有限公司还有很多值得学习的地方。分析句子可知，remain是系动词，接不定式作表语，根据句意，主语much与
谓语动词learn是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
4．答案与解析：qualified 考查形容词。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终合
格了。系动词became后接形容词作表语。主语是人，所以用-ed形式形容词。
5．答案与解析：lost 句意： 2017年，Mejeurs夫妇在埃尔克格罗夫村拜访朋友时，Lola迷路了。此处
got 为系动词， get lost “迷路”为固定搭配， 故填形容词lost。
考点七 如何解答非谓语动词类题目
1．分析句子结构，辨别“谓语和非谓语”
首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语，如果是，就用谓语形式；如果句子中并不缺少谓语，则用非
谓语形式。所以在解题过程中，首先必须明白非谓语动词虽然与动词有关，但它们都不是谓语动词。其次，
必须培养识别英语句子谓语的能力，因为命题人经常就一些多义词、多性(词性)词，尤其是熟词生义设置
题目，增加句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，从而导致考生理解失误，不能正确地划分句子主干，继而造成失
分。
[例1] (全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers ____________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo
as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
[分析] conducted 本题存在一词多义、一词多性的特征，由于不能找到正确的谓语动词，考生容易
误填was conducted或were conducted。因name的常见词性为名词，考生会将题干中的“names”误认为是名
词name的复数形式。其实，在本题中，name为谓语动词，意为“选定；指定”，因主语“A study of
travelers(一项关于游客的研究)”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式names。找到谓语之后，
可轻松推知此处应填非谓语动词，再由“study”与“conduct”之间是被动关系，可知应填过去分词作后置定
语。
2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系
非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。分析非谓
语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发
出者还是承受者)。
如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动
宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式
的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式。
[例2] (重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____________(return) to our shop for
quality problems.
[分析] returned 句意：生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语
动词comes，因此设空处应为非谓语动词；且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关
系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填returned。
3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序
非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间，即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。非谓语动词的
形式不同，所指时间的含义也不同。根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是
完成式。如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing, doing表示该
学科网（北京）股份有限公司动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
[例3] ____________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
[分析] Having worked 考生容易误认为在句首设题，应填To work表示目的。然而，本题考查的是
非谓语动词与谓语动词存在时间先后顺序时的用法。并且句中的主语 Steve与work之间为主动关系，因此
应用现在分词的完成式having done。
基础题
语篇填空
1. (wear) traditional Tibetan clothing with modern jeans and boots， Yangkyi Zhoima often
shares her outfits with her more than 4，000 followers on Sina Weibo.
“I love the traditional elements of Tibetan costumes，” the 24⁃year⁃old told Xinhua. Like Zhoima， more
and more young people today are trying 2. (add) some new fashion elements into their traditional
Tibetan costumes which they like wearing during festivals. Many Tibetan costumes have caught young people’s
attention. They have combined the tradition with fashion 3. (make) Tibetan clothes in new styles.
Living at a high altitude(海拔)， Tibetans used to wear heavy clothes that could also be used as quilts(被子)
at night. However， with the living conditions
4. (improve)， today’s clothes are becoming thinner， lighter and more comfortable.
Instead of wool and fur， young designers have used different materials for costumes，such as silk and
cotton.
Moreover， more young models in Tibet are willing 5. (spread) traditional Tibetan costumes and
culture to more people.
答案
1.Wearing 考查现在分词。设空处作状语，表示一种伴随状态，且主语与 wear之间是主动关系，故填
wear的现在分词，设空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Wearing。
2.to add 考查动词不定式。try to do sth.指“设法做某事，努力做某事”。故填to add。
3.to make 考查动词不定式。此处指把传统元素和时尚元素融合在一起，目的是使民族服饰呈现新的款式，
此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
4.improving 考查现在分词。“with +宾语+动词的⁃ing形式”指“随着……做……”，此处意为“随着生
活条件的改善”。故填improving。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5.to spread 考查动词不定式。be willing to do sth.指“乐意做某事”，此处指乐意传播传统的藏族服饰和
文化，故填to spread。
提高题
语法填空(用动词的适当形式填空)
1．________(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding
Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you
see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.________(be)．
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help
you get 3.________(refresh)! The 4.________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature
5.________(get) the hotter the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us
6.________(astonish)．
What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help 7.________(wonder) how hard it was for the
people then 8.________(put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the
mountain still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your
9.________(ache) legs.
As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's
memory.It sure does in mine.While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is a must 10.________ (visit)!
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。
1．答案与解析：Going 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空为主语，故应用动词的-
ing形式作主语。
2．答案与解析：are 考查主谓一致。根据句意“人类是多么渺小”且主语we humans是复数，可知谓语
用are。
3．答案与解析：refreshed 考查非谓语动词作表语。get refreshed构成系表结构。
4．答案与解析：amazing 考查非谓语动词作定语。修饰thing，意为“奇妙的事情”，故用-ing形式作定
语。
5．答案与解析：gets 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意以及上下文时态可知，此处用一般现在时，
且主语the temperature为第三人称单数，故填gets。
6．答案与解析：astonished 考查非谓语动词作宾补。本空在“leave＋复合宾语”结构中作宾补，且根据
语境可知，这里指的是使我们“感到惊讶”，故填astonished。
7．答案与解析：wondering 考查非谓语动词作宾语。can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事。
8．答案与解析：to put 考查不定式作主语。此处为 it is/was＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.的变式，it为形式主
语，to do 为真正的主语。
9．答案与解析：aching 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs之间是逻辑上的主动关
系，故用现在分词aching。
10．答案与解析：to visit 考查非谓语动词作定语。此处must用作名词，指“必须要做的一件事”，需用
动词不定式作定语。
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