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衔接点 03 介词、连词（初高考点差异及衔接）
介词
初中要求 学习时间，方位等介词的基本含义和用法
介词的考查形式多样, 除了单纯考查介词外, 还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外, 在定
高中要求 语从句中, 也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高, 如with,
beyond。
【初中介词考点聚焦】
考点一 时间介词、方位介词、方式介词和其他介词
1.A new bridge was built the Yellow River last year.
A.around B.across C.against D.along
答案 B 考查介词辨析。around 在……周围;across 横跨;against反对;along沿着。分析语境可知，新建的
桥应该是横跨黄河。across符合语境。故选B。
2.About 12，000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon April 2.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
答案 B 考查时间介词。April 2表示具体的一天，前面用时间介词on。故选B。
3.Now students have more free time night because of the “double reduction” policy.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
答案 C 考查时间介词。at night在晚上，故选C。
4.The traffic light is green. Let’s go the road.
A.against B.among C.across D.above
答案 C 考查方位介词。同一平面上从马路一边到另一边，应用across。故选C。
5. spring， the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.
A.On B.In C.At D.With
答案 B 考查时间介词。在季节前应该使用介词in。故选B。
考点二 介词短语及固定搭配
1.We need to tell people to just do one small thing well 100 things poorly.
A.as well as B.instead of C.according to D.because of
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司答案 B 考查介词短语辨析。as well as以及;instead of代替，而不是;according to根据;because of因为。根
据语境可知，此处表示我们需要告诉人们就把一件小事做好，而不是把100件事情做得很糟糕，故选B。
2.No one helped me. I did it all myself.
A.for B.of C.by D.about
答案 C 考查介词搭配。by oneself单独，独自，是固定搭配。根据“No one helped me.”可知，我是独自
做了这件事。故选C。
3.Place names often have interesting connections the local landscape and people.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
答案 D 考查介词搭配。have...connections to...指“和……有……的联系”。故选D。
【高中介词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
介词的考查形式多样, 除了单纯考查介词外, 还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外, 在定语从句中, 也
常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高, 如with, beyond。
考点清单
考点一、表示工具、手段、方式的介词的用法
要点精讲：
①by涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还可以表示"靠……手段,用……方法,
凭借……",后可接名词、代词或动词-ing。
by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship
We can realize our dream by working hard. 通过努力我们可以实现梦想。
You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。
②with表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。
He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
③in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如：
The book was written in Chinese.这本书是用中文写的。
He spoke in a loud voice. 他大声说话。
Please write in ink，not in pencil. 请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。
④on表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。如
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
单句填空
1. I usually go to school ______ my dad’s car, while my brother goes to school _____ foot.
2.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________their hands.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司3. A couplet writer may show his feelings ________ means of describing the scenery or expressing his wishes in his
works.
【答案与解析】
1. 解析：句意：我通常作=坐父亲的车去上学，而我弟弟步行去上学。On foot表示“步行”，是固定搭
配。故填in; on。
2. 解析：句意：比如在印度，多数人传统上用手吃东西。with强调具体的工具或材料。故填with。
3. 解析：句意：对联作家可以在作品中通过描写风景或表达愿望来表达感情。此处表示“借助于”，用介
词by构成by means of“借助……手段”短语。故填by。
考点二、表示"原因或理由"的介词的用法
要点精讲：
介词 用法 例句
for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连 Xi'an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠
用,如famous, known, praise, punish等 久而著名。
at 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词(如happy, He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他很
pleased, angry, delighted等)连用,表示产生这种 惊讶。
情感的原因
with 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的抽象名词连用,强 He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大
调随着心理变化而产生的情感变化 叫。
from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因 She felt sick from tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。
of 多用于表示自身的原因;也常用于某些与情感相 Her friend died of cancer.她的朋友死于癌症。
关的形容词后 His father is proud of him.他父亲为他感到骄
傲。
单句填空
1. You don’t need to apologize __________ a minor slip.
2. Giggling kids raced cheerfully along the lakeside beach, ___________ their parents enjoying the shady picnic
areas under the trees along the shore.
【答案与解析】
1. 解析：句意：你不需要为一个小小的失误而道歉。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语apologize for sth.，
意为“因某事道歉”，空处应填介词for。故填for。
2. 解析：句意：咯咯笑的孩子们欢快地沿着湖边的海滩奔跑，他们的父母在岸边的树下享受着阴凉的野餐
区。分析句子可知，句中“_____ their parents enjoying the shady picnic areas”为with的复合结构，在句中作
状语，故空格处应用“with”，介词词性。故填with。
考点三、表示“除了……”的介词的用法
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司要点精讲：①besides指“除了……还有”，与in addition to/apart from/aside from同义。作连接副词时，意
为“此外”。如：
Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有两名外籍教师出席了会
议。
②but作介词时，意为“除了(……之外)”，常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, no等词和其他疑问
词后面。如：
Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁会做这样的事？
③except与except for都意为“除……外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主
语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。except for后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指
从整体中除去一个细节。如：
The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。
His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。
单句填空
1. ________those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in an effort to promote the
sport among young people.
2. He goes to the library every day ________when he is not well.
【答案与解析】
1. 解析：句意：为了努力在年轻人中推广这一运动，除了校内的这些措施外，还要建立 47个足球训练
营。分析句意可知，前后两句是递进关系，此处使用介词besides，表示“除了……之外（还有）”，首字
母大写。故填Besides。
2. 解析：他除了身体不舒服以外，每天都去图书馆。except when表示“除了……时候”。故填except。
考点四、两组高频易混介词比较
要点精讲1：表示支持、反对的介词for, against
介词 词义 例句
反对，倚靠，逆 She was forced to marry against her will. 她被迫违心地嫁了人。
着，相反， That's against the law. 那是违法的。
against
在……的衬托 The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服
下，与……比赛 在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。
支持，赞成，与 Are you for or against the new road scheme?
for
in favor of同义 你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？
单句填空
1. Mary sold the house even though it was________ her husband's wish.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2. Our National Flag stands out brightly ________ the blue sky.
3.Museums must compete _______people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案与解析】
1. 解析：句意：尽管这违背了她丈夫的愿望，玛丽还是把那套房子卖了。根据句意可知，此处应使用介词
against“反对，逆着”。故填against。
2. 解析：against 以....为背景；反对；逆...; 靠着 argue against sth反驳；walk against the wind逆风而行；a
race against time与时间的赛跑；lean against the wall靠在墙上。故填against。
3. 解析： compete for（为了）… in（在某方面）；compete with/against(和) …竞争。故填for。
要点精讲2：表示“像……”的介词as, like
as用作介词，指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如：
Let me speak to you as a father. (事实上是父亲)
Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友。
like用作介词，意为“像……一样”。如：
Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲)
He looks like his father. 他长得像他父亲。
单句填空
1. You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds ________ a lot of
fun.
2. We start with small talk， a polite conversation about something ______ traffic or weather.
3. For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ________ her favorite part of being alive.
【答案与解析】
1. like【详解】考查固定短语。句意：您没有系安全带，因此您可以轻松地滑入和滑出座椅。这听起来像
是很有趣。sound like意为“听起来像……”。故填like。
2. 解析：根据句意“我们从聊天、礼貌的交谈开始，谈论一些像交通或天气这样的事情。”可知，本空应
填like。
3. 解析：句意：对露西来说，没有什么比旅行更好的了，她说这是她生活中最喜欢的部分。describe as为
固定搭配，意为“把……描述为”。故填as。
考点五 介词的习惯搭配
1.与形容词构成的搭配 be angry at 因……生气 be engaged in 忙于……
(1)be＋adj.＋about be good at 擅长 (4)be＋adj.＋for
be anxious about 对…… (3)be＋adj.＋in be eager for 渴望……
忧虑 be absorbed in 专注于…… be famous for 因……著名
be curious about 对……好奇 be active in 积极于…… be fit for 适合，胜任……
(2)be＋adj.＋at be dressed in 穿着…… be ready for 准备好……
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司(5)be＋adj.＋from 2．与名词构成的搭配 by design 故意
be absent from 缺席 (1)“at＋n.”表示状态 (4)“in＋n.”表示方式
be different from 不同于 at a loss 不知所措 in cash 用现金付款
(6)be＋adj.＋to at peace 处于和平中 in depth 在深度上
be close to 接近…… at war 在战争中 in detail 详细地
be devoted to 致力于…… at work 在工作 in height 在高度上
be equal to 等于…… (2)“on＋n.”表示状态 (5)“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的
be familiar to 对……来说熟 on exhibition/show 在展出 形容词)
悉 on fire 着火 of benefit 有益处的
(7)be＋adj.＋of on sale 出售，打折 of use 有用的
be aware of 意识到…… on the way 在途中 (6)“out of＋n.”表示状态
be fond of 喜欢…… (3)“by＋n.”表示方式 out of balance 失去平衡
(8)be＋adj.＋with by accident 偶然 out of breath 上气不接下气
be busy with 忙于…… by air/plane 乘飞机 (7)“with＋n.”表示方式
be familiar with 对……熟悉 by chance 偶然 with delight/joy 高兴地
be patient with 对……有耐心 with difficulty 困难地
一．单句语法填空(用单词的适当形式完成句子)
1.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs, seven to be exact.
2.First celebrated 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
3.—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.
4.Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
5.]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) a method of fighting heart disease,
has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease...
6.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they
travelled to and work.
7.Many people who live along the coast make a living the fishing industry.
8.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be trees that are over 1,000 years
old.
9.Determining where we are relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
10.We offer an excellent education to our students. return, we expect students to work hard.
11.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the
world around us.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司12.For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known
city.
13.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?
14.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the
hot day; the same time, they warm up again for the night.
15.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.
1.of 句意:首先迎接我们的是一群狗的吠声,准确地说,是7条狗。空格前的pack是关键词,"a pack of..."意
为"一群",后跟名词复数。
2.in 句意:1970年第一次庆祝该节日,现在地球日包括了190多个国家和地区的活动。in表示"在(某月、某
年、某季节等)"。
3.for 句意:——早上好,李先生的办公室。——早上好。我想预约下星期三下午。根据语境可知,此处用介
词for表示"安排或预约于 (某时间)"。
4.than 由空前的less可知,此处应用介词than,表示"比"。
5.as 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,表示"作为一种抵御心脏病的方式",所以填as,意
为"作为"。
6.from 考查介词。此处是指"当他们上下班时"。
7.in 句意:许多居住在沿海地区的人在捕鱼行业谋生。根据句意可知,空处用in表示"从事……工作"。
8.among 句意:当你开车穿过加利福尼亚州的红木森林时,你就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用
介词among表示"在……中",与前面的"through the Redwood Forests"呼应。
9.in in relation to "关于,相对某事物而言",符合语境。
10.In 句意:我们给学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意可知,这里用介词短
语In return表示"作为回报"。
11.in 句意:研究表明,我们成长于其中的文化影响着我们看待周围的世界的基本过程。分析句子结构可
知,"we grow up "是定语从句,修饰先行词the cultures,省略了的关系代词which或that在从句中充当
空处的宾语,结合in the cultures这一搭配可知空处应用介词in。
12.by 此处表示从桂林乘汽车到这里仅用一个小时。by car"乘汽车"。
13.to 句意: 你有没有听说过这样的树,陆上动物和海洋动物都以它们为栖息之所?be home to为固定搭配,意
为"为……的生息地/栖息地"。
14.at 考查介词。at the same time表示"同时",是固定搭配。
15.for 句意:要不是托马斯·爱迪生,很多现在让我们受益的东西都不会出现。but for "要不是,倘若没有",符
合句意。
二．专项语篇型填空(介词和介词短语)
As we know, water is very important 1 man. However, when my classmates and I went to town together
2 bike one Saturday, we found many car washes on both sides of the road. Now towns are badly short 3
fresh water. We should save every drop of water 4 our daily life. Water, especially fresh water, is very
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司important to us. We should be clear 5 the fact and I hope the government can take measures to solve the
problem as soon as possible. Do you agree with me 6 this point?
As students, we should do our part 7 protecting water. Firstly, we should know that in our daily life, we
should save water, electricity and paper. Moreover, recycle whatever we can, 8 the water that has been used.
Last but not least, don’t forget to influence those 9 you to follow, and raise their awareness of saving water! If
we don’t act now to protect water, it will run out one day, which will be a threat 10 the survival of us human
beings.
作者在路的两边看到很多洗车场,这让作者想到水是宝贵的资源,因此建议我们节约用水。
1.to be important to sb.表示"对某人来说很重要"。这里是说,水对人类来说十分重要。下文中的"is very
important to us"也是提示。
2.by 这里用短语by bike表示"骑自行车"。"by+表示交通工具的名词"表示交通方式。
3.of 这里用短语be short of表示"短缺,缺少"。
4.in 这里用介词短语in our daily life表示"在我们的日常生活中"。下文中的"in our daily life"也是提示。
5.about/on 这里用be clear about/on sth.表示"对某事清楚、明白"。
6.about/on/upon "关于这一点"可以用about/on/upon this point表示。
7.in 这里用介词in表示"在……方面"。此处表示"在保护水(资源)方面"。
8.including/like 语境表示"包括使用过的水",用介词including表示"包括"。此处也可理解为"比如使用过的
水",用介词like。
9.around/round 语境表示"你周围/身边的人",用around/round表示"在……周围"。
10.to 用短语a threat to表示"对……的威胁"。
连词
并列连词and,or,either.…or,neither.…nor,but,for,so等
初中要求
从属连词主要有that,whether,if,when,where,so that等
1.掌握并列连词的基本意义, 根据句子之间的相互关系能正确运用连词。掌握构成并列句
的并列连词如: and, or, but, yet, so, while, when和either. . . or. . . , neither. . .
nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等。
高中要求
2.掌握从属连词
主要考查连词的判断选用, 以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语
从句的考查最为频繁。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司【初中连词考点聚焦】
考点一 并列连词
1.Read the book Cute Pets， you will know how to take care of your cat.
A.or B.so C.and D.but
答案 C 考查并列连词。句意:读一读《可爱的宠物》这本书，你就会知道该如何照顾你的猫了。or或
者，否则;so所以;and和，那么;but但是。空格处前后为顺承关系。故选C。
2.Life is like a one⁃way race， treasure every moment as time cannot be won again.
A.so B.and C.or D.but
答案 A 考查并列连词。句意:生活像一场单向的赛跑，所以要珍惜每时每刻，因为时间一去不再来。so
因此，所以;and和;or或者，否则;but但是。根据语境可知，设空处前后是因果关系，故选A。
考点二 从属连词
1.I will try my best to help you， I don’t know what to start with yet.
A.whether B.since
C.though D.until
答案 C 考查连词。逗号前说“我会尽最大努力帮你”，逗号后说“我还不知道怎么开始”。逗号前后
是让步关系，应用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
2. astronauts go on spacewalks， they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A.Though B.Till
C.When D.Unless
答案 C 考查时间状语从句的引导词。though虽然，尽管;till直到……为止;when当……时候;unless除
非。此处表示“当宇航员在太空行走时”。故选C。
3.—It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own both of us work together.
—No problem. Let’s start!
A.if B.but
C.because D.unless
答案 D 考查条件状语从句的引导词。“我独自在这么短的时间内完成这项艰难的任务是不可能的”，
而完成任务的条件是“我们两个人一起做”，空格处引导条件状语从句，unless“除非”符合语境。故选
D。
3.—You know ? In 12 hours!
—That’s crazy. How is it even possible?
A.how soon we must finish the task
B.how often we must finish the task
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司C.how soon must we finish the task
D.how often must we finish the task
答案 A 考查宾语从句。结合选项，由空后的“In 12 hours!”可知，空处应是由how soon引导的宾语从
句，排除B、D选项;宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除C选项。故选A。
4.Agatha Christie was a female writer is considered the queen of crime novels.
A.what B.whose C.who D.which
答案 C 考查定语从句。根据句子的语法结构可知，此处填的是定语从句的关系词。先行词是 a female
writer，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词who或者that。故选C。
5.—Do you know the boy is talking to Mr Zhang?
—Yes. He is our monitor.
A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
答案 B 考查定语从句。which指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语;who指代人，在从句中作主语或宾
语;whose在从句中作定语;whom指代人，在从句中作宾语。先行词为the boy，并且定语从句中缺少主语，
故选B项。
【高中连词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
考纲要求理解并列句的结构, 掌握并列连词的基本意义, 根据句子之间的相互关系能正确运用连词。
掌握构成并列句的并列连词如: and, or, but, yet, so, while, when和either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . ,
not only. . . but also. . . 等。及在名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句中连词的用法
考点清单
一、并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)
连在一起。
①In addition, its abundant food resources and energy in the ocean make it possible for living things to survive.
此外，海洋中丰富的食物资源和能源使生物生存成为可能。[2022·全国甲卷书面表达]
②We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.[2022·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写]
我们挨着坐下，但大卫不愿看我一眼。
③He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。
④Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。
[指津]
(1)when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司be about to do sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然……
be doing sth. when...正在做某事，这时突然……
had done sth. when...刚做了某事，这时突然……
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
(2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
Hurry up，or you'll be late again．快点，否则你会再迟到。
单句语法填空
1.As time goes by, these seeds can come up grow in the near future.
答案and句意:随着时间的流逝,不久的将来这些种子就会破土发芽、生长。根据句意可知,come up和grow
为顺承关系,故填and。
2.However, they have been testing to see if eating soil is safe for the body if it may cause any side effects
in the past few months.
答案or句意:然而,在过去的几个月里他们一直在测试,目的是看看吃土对身体是否安全或者有没有可能产生
副作用。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,see后的两个宾语从句之间是选择关系。
3.You may want to keep a calm mood, you should never stop fighting for yourselves!
答案but/yet句意:你们也许想保持平和的心情,但是绝不应该停止为自己奋斗!根据句意可知,此处表示转折,
故填but或yet。
二、状语从句
项目 连词 例句 注意事项
When I was walking along the 要注意时态一致，一般情况
when, while, as,
时间状语 street, I met a friend of mine. 下，在时间状语从句中，表示
before，after, since，
从句 I will tell him the news the 将来的动作用一般现在时(不可
until, the moment等
moment he comes. 用将来时)
Where there is a will, there is a
注意不要和 where引导的定语
地点状语 way.
where, wherever 从句混淆，若是定语从句，
从句 We are always welcome
where前必然有先行词
wherever we go.
You should go to school unless
if, unless, as/so long as, you are seriously ill. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句
条件状语
on condition that, in He will certainly pass the exam 一样，当主句是将来时的时
从句
case等 next term if he works hard at 候，从句要用一般现在时
his lessons.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司①because语气最强，回答why
He didn't go to school because
提出的问题；since次之；as最
he was ill.
原因状语 because，since，as， 弱；
As he is a League member, he
从句 now (that) ②as引导的从句往往放在主句
takes the lead in everything in
前面，for后面的并列分句往往
his class.
表示一种附带的解释或说明
Although he is a child, he
although, though ， ①当用though或 although引导
knows a lot.
while, as, even 从句时，后面的主句不能有
让步状语 Tired as/though I was, I went
if/though ， whatever, but；
从句 on with my work.
however, whoever, no ②as引导的让步状语从句必须
I will go and attend the meeting
matter what/who/how 把表语、状语或动词原形提前
however busy I am.
He runs so fast that no one
在so... that... 和such...that... 结
can catch up with him.
构中，so为副词，后面跟形容
结果状语 so...that..., such...that..., It was such an interesting novel
词、副词或分词，而such为限
从句 so that that I read it three times. I got
定词，后面只能跟名词或名词
up late so that I missed the
性短语
early bus.
We should work and study as
as if, as though在方式状语从句
方式状语 as, just as, as if, as he did.
中多指非真实的或可能性较小
从句 though They talked as if they had been
的情况，常用虚拟语气
friends for years.
He works as hard as everyone
可以用比较句型表示在一定范
比较状语 as... as..., not so...as, else (does) in the class.
围内的最高级含义：比较级＋
从句 比较级＋than He is taller than any other
than＋any other＋单数可数名词
student in our school.
She studies hard so that/in
so that, in order that, order that she can enter a key
目的状语 从句中常用 may, might, can,
for fear that, in case university.
从句 could, should等情态动词
(that) Take an umbrella with you in
case it should rain.
时间状语从句
1. she picked up the phone after dinner to continue with the game, she started to feel that something was
wrong with her right eye.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司答案When句意:她吃过晚饭拿起手机继续玩游戏时,开始觉得自己的右眼出了问题。根据句意可知,空处应
用When引导时间状语从句,表示"当……的时候",此处表示某一动作发生之后发生了另外一个动作。
2.Though reading a lot, according to Sandra, she didn’t really start writing she attended her first creative
writing class in college.
答案until/till句意:据Sandra说,虽然她读了很多书,但是直到大学时上了第一节创意写作课她才真正开始写
作。根据句意可知,此处意为"直到……才……",故填until/till。
3.Think first you lose patience with someone you love.
答案before句意:在你对所爱之人失去耐心之前先想一想。连词before"在……之前"引导时间状语从句。
条件状语从句
1. we make good use of public transport, the environment will be better.
答案If句意:如果我们充分利用公共交通,环境将会更好。根据语境可知这里表示"如果",应填连词If。
让步状语从句
1 . scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know.
答案Though/Although/While句意:尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解颇多,但是我们仍然有很多未知之事。由句
意可知,此处应用Though/Although/While引导让步状语从句。
2.A pair of red shoes — they are for sports, dances or just fashion — is a must-have for every Chinese
woman’s shoe collection.
答案whether句意:一双红色的鞋子,不管是为了运动、跳舞,还是仅仅为了时尚,是每一位中国女性鞋子收藏
中的必备品。根据句意可知,此处应用whether...or...引导让步状语从句,故填whether。
原因状语从句
1.They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply they are incapable(无能
力的) of succeeding.
答案because句意:他们对失败假装保持一种健康、明智的态度,只是因为他们不能成功。根据句意可知,前后
两部分是因果关系,空后表示原因,故填because。
结果状语从句
So absorbed was he in his work he forgot to have lunch.
答案that句意:他对工作太投入了,忘了吃午饭。根据句意和题干中的倒装结构可知,这里用so…that…引导结
果状语从句,表示"如此……以至于……",因此本空填that。
方式状语从句
The house was greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better leave it it is until the police arrive.
答案as句意:卡车严重破坏了这座房子,我们最好让它保持原样直到警察到来。as引导方式状语从句,意
为"像……一样",leave it as it is意为"让它保持原样"。
1. you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
2 . we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司3.Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
4.—Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
5.If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.
6 . birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
7.Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
8.In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is
usually eaten with chopsticks.
9.Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more
quickly.
10.I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the
day.
11.He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
12.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.
13.Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of
a paragraph.
1.Unless 句意:除非你能睡好,否则你一两个夜晚后就不能集中注意力,不能计划及保持积极性。unless"除
非"符合句意。
2.If 句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上许多动植物将不复存在。根据句意可知,此处应用If引导条件状
语从句。
3.so 空前说"等到这周末咱们再摘这些桃子",空后说"它们就变得够甜了,可以吃了",这里应用so that"以
便"引导目的状语从句。
4.so 句意:——彼得,请给我们寄一些明信片,这样我们就会知道你去过哪里。——没问题。根据语境可知,
让彼得寄明信片的目的是了解彼得去过哪里,此处表示目的,所以用so连接。
5.until/till 句意: 如果遇到不懂的东西,你可以研究、学习以及和其他人交谈,直到把它弄明白。根据句意可
知,空处应用until/till引导时间状语从句。
6.Although/Though/While 句意:尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行,但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。根据句意可知,空
处用Although引导让步状语从句。也可填Though/While。
7.where 句意:江苏位于"一带"和"一路"的交汇处,将对"一带一路"的建设作出更多的贡献。where在此引导
地点状语从句。
8.and 分析句子结构及语境可知,Vietnam与空前的"China, Japan, Korea"之间是并列关系,故填并列连词
and。
9.as/when 随着人口的增长或当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小片。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空
处引导时间状语从句,表示"随着"或 "当……时",故填as或when。
10.because 句意:我非常喜欢听音乐,因为它帮助我放松,让我不再去想一天中其他的烦心事。根据句意可知,
这里应用because引导原因状语从句,说明喜欢听音乐的原因。
11.but 句意:他是一个害羞的人,但他不惧怕任何人或事。空处前后两个分句之间为转折关系,故用连词
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司but。
12.before 句意:在你最喜欢的乐队现场演出之前仅仅还有一天。根据句意可知,应用before引导时间状语从
句。
13.as 句意:正如一个单词能改变一个句子的意思一样,一个句子能改变一个段落的意思。just as意为"正如,
正像"。
二．专项语篇型填空(并列连词和状语从句)
"Everything happens for the best," my mother said 1 I faced disappointment. " 2 you can carry on,
one day something good will happen."
After graduating from college, I decided to try for a job in a radio station 3 work my way to a sports
announcer. I went to Chicago, knocked on the door of every station, 4 got turned down every time.
In one studio, a kind lady advised me to go to the countryside and find a small station, 5 big stations
couldn’t risk hiring an inexperienced person. I returned to my hometown, 6 was turned down even when I
applied for a job in a sports department of a store. It wasn’t long 7 I decided to try my luck again in another
city. In Davenport, Iowa, the program director of a company got me beside a microphone and asked me to
broadcast an imaginary game.
8 I began to work in the company, I’ve always thought of my mother’s words: "Keep on trying, 9
some day you will succeed. Something wouldn’t happen without previous failure." 1 0 job I later have done, I
always think about what my mother once taught me, which acts as my guideline in life.
本文讲述了作者坚持不懈,最后找到工作的事。
1.whenever/when 从句意的连贯性看,这里用whenever引导时间状语从句,表示"每当我面对失望的时候"。
也可用when。
2.If 如果你继续坚持,总有一天会有好事发生。根据句意可知,这里用If引导条件状语从句。
3.and 大学毕业后,我决定争取在无线电台找份工作,并一步一步努力,最终成为一名体育播音员。这里用并
列连词and连接并列的不定式短语。
4.but 可是我每次都被拒绝了。此处表示转折,故用but表示"可是"。
5.because/as 语境表示因果关系,空后说的是原因,故填because/as。因为大的广播电台都不会冒风险去雇用
一个没有经验的人。
6.but 此处表示转折,故填but。
7.before 这里为"It is/was not long+before..."句型,表示"没过多久就……"。
8.Since 主句使用了现在完成时,而这个状语从句使用了一般过去时,因此这里用since引导时间状语从句,表
示"自我开始在这家公司工作以来"。
9.and 此处为"祈使句+and+陈述句"句式,故填and。
10.Whatever 根据句意可知,本空要用连词引导让步状语从句并修饰 job,表示"不管什么工作",故填
Whatever。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司More than two thirds of the world's polar bears will be wiped
out(消灭) by 2050,according to a shocking study. By then, scientists
say, global warming will have melted 42percent of the Arctic sea ice.
By 2100, only a very few of these creatures will be left.
The report has been produced by the US Geological(地质学的)
Survey. The scientists have publicized their findings in the hope that
the government could put polar bears on the Us endangered species(濒危物种)list.
Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food.
Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they are poorly skilled
hunters, and would be unlikely to adapt(适应) to the life on land in time. Experts say few little bears
would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant.
The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears, on the ground, from
spotter planes(侦察机)and in the lab, using computer models. Some team members fear the result is even
worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in
the world and much faster than their computers forecasted(预测）.Satellite observations have showed that
the ice has decreased to an all-time(空前的)low.
However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on
such an alarming scale(程度). Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by
wealthy “sportsmen” who want their skins. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips.
1.What is the main reason for the scientists to publicize their findings?
A. To find solutions to global warming.
B. To show off the results of their research.
C. To let people know polar bears are dangerous animals.
D. To raise government’s awareness to the protection of polar bears.
2.Why will polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice?
A. Because polar bears can't catch enough food without ice.
B. Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty.
C. Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice.
D. Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice.
3. After a six-month study, some scientists fear that
A. there is something wrong with their computers
B. global warming will destroy everything in the Arctic
C. their computer models are not as accurate as they expected
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司D. polar bears will disappear even faster than they ever expected
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The forecast about the future of polar bears is not correct.
B. The problem of global warming is not so serious actually.
C. Polar bears are an endangered species as a result of bear-hunting.
D. Besides global warming, bear- hunting is another reason for the decrease in polar bears.
译文
一项令人震惊的研究表明，到2050年，世界上三分之二以上的北极熊将会被消灭。科学家说，到那
时，全球变暖将已融化42%的北极海冰。到2100年，这些动物将只剩少数几只。
该报告由美国地质调查局制作。科学家们公布了他们的调查结果，希望政府能将北极熊列入美国濒
危物种名单。
北极熊依赖浮动的海冰，将其作为捕猎海豹的平台。海豹是它们的主要食物。没有足够的冰，北极
熊将被迫登上陆地，在陆地上，它们的捕猎技能很差，而且，它们不太可能及时适应陆地上的生活。专家
们表示，很少有小熊能幸存下来，而且，压力可能使许多雌性北极熊无法怀孕。
该团队由美国和加拿大的科学家组成。他们花了六个月的时间，利用计算机模型，在地面上、从侦
察机上、在实验室里研究北极熊。一些团队成员担心，对北极熊来说，结果会比他们在报告中描述的还要
糟。他们说，北极的变暖速度比世界上任何地方都快，比他们计算机预测的还要快很多。卫星观测显示，
北极的冰已经减少到了空前低的水平。
然而，并非所有科学界的人都认为全球变暖正在如此惊人程度上发生。另一项调查发现，富有的
“运动员”仍然在猎杀北极熊，因为他们想要北极熊的皮。至少有十家国际公司提供猎熊旅行。
答案详析
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists have publicized their findings in the hope that the
government could put polar bears on the US endangered species list.”可知，科学家们之所以公布他们的研究结
果，是希望提高政府意识从而能够把北极熊列入美国濒危物种名单，保护北极熊。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting
seals...Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they are poorly skilled hunters”
可知，北极熊以浮冰为平台捕食，没有足够的冰，北极熊就不能捕捉到足够的食物。
3.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what
their report says.”可知，科学家们害怕的是北极熊消失的速度将比他们预想的还快。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by
wealthy‘ sportsmen' who want their skins. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips.”可知，一
些有钱人仍在猎杀北极熊，至少有十家国际公司提供猎熊旅行，故推断作者指出这一现象是为了说明猎杀
是北极熊数量减少的另一原因。
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