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2007年考研英语（一）真题逐词逐句精讲
V//
・...第一段....
colonies independent
❶ By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese had become nations.到 1830 年时，西班牙和葡萄
牙的前殖民地已经成为独立的国家。
By 1830
_级修饰
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independentnatais.（主+系+表）
colony * [ independent * [
:词汇注释 •kobni] n.殖民地；聚居人群;群体 （indi-pendant] a.独立的；自主的
roughly inhabitants
❷ The 20 million of these nations looked hopefully to the future.这些国家的大约两千万的居民满
怀希望地展望着未来。
句子主干 The roughly 20 million inhabitants...looked hopefully to thejuture.（主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语J修饰inhabitants
of
—级修饰 these nations
roughly inhabitant
"词无注释: [，队印]ad.大约;粗糙地;粗鲁地 、[ m，h*gnt ]几（某地的）居民;栖息动物
regime
❸ Bom in the crisis of the old and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of
commerce
representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of and trade, the right to private property, and a
individual basis
belief in the as the of society.许多独立运动的领导者出生于旧政权和伊比利亚殖民主义统治下
的危机时期,他们共同怀有“成立代议制政府、为人才开放就业机会、推行商贸自由化、承认私有财产所有权”的
理想以及“个人是社会的基石”的信念。
Born
一级修饰 in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism,
［过去分词短语作句子主干的原因状语
句子主干 many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals...and a belief （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，|修饰the ideals
of
representative government,...property,
一级修饰 介词短语作后置定语， 修饰a belief
in
the individual as the basis of society.
r*egime c*ommerce [
词汇注释: [rei siim] n.政权,政体;管理体制 komais] n.商业；贸易
individual * [ b*asis [
^ndrvidjual] n.个人 a.单独的 ，beisis] n.基础；准则；缘由
sovereign
❹ Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be and independent states, large enough to be
economically viable integrated
and by a common set of laws.那时的一种普遍观念是:新国家应该是主权独立的
国家，强大到足以实现经济独立，并且通过一套共同的法律统一为一个整体。
107句子主干 Generally there was a belief （There be句型：there + was + 主）
[that引导的同位语从句，解释说明a belief
that should be sovereign and independent states,
the new nations
I并列谓语
（should be） large
—级修饰 enough to be economically viable
；and连接的并列谓语
and （should be） integrated
by a common set of laws.
Wias ：英语中，系表结构可整体看作复合谓语。
sovereign ' [ economically
词汇注释' sovrin] a.有主权的 n.君主 [ jika nomikli] ad.在经济上;节俭地
viable i*ntegrate [
[ •vaisbl] a.能独立发展的 -mtigreit] vt.将（若干要素）统一，合并
•••第二段・•・
❶ On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church, however, there was less agreement among the
leadership.不过，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导者们之间的意见却没那么统一。
On
一级修饰 the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church,
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 there was less agreement （There be句型：there + was +主）
___________ [插入语
however,
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
among
the leadership.
Catholicism crown.
❷ Roman had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish 罗马天主教过去一直
是国教，而且是西班牙王室认可的唯一宗教。
句子主干 Roman Catholicism had been也乞迎咬如通竺竖辿也完四|^2|些（主+系+表）
过去分词短语作后置定语，|修饰the only one
allowed
—级修饰 by the Spanish crown.
Catholicism c*rown [
:词HZ洼底 [ka-eolasizam] n.天主教 kraun] n.王国；王冠 vt.为....加冕
maintain
❸ While most leaders sought to Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the
exclusion
of other faiths.大多数领导者试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，而另一些领导者却力图结束
这种其他宗教信仰被排斥的局面。
as
the official religion of the new states,
[介词短语作Catholicism的补足语
句子主干 ⑴While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism （主+谓+宾）
|While连接的并列句，表对比
（2）some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths.（主+谓+宾）
m*aintain exclusion
:词汇洼蒋; [mem tem]讥维持;维修 [ik-sklu:3n] n.排斥；排除;开除学籍
rallying cry conservative
❹ The defense of the Church became a for the forces.捍卫教会成了保守势力的战斗口号。
108句子主干 The defense of the Church became a^raMjing^ry （主+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰a rallying cry
for
—级修饰 the conservative forces.
rallying cry（ c*onservative [
「词元洼祢： 团结众人的）战斗口号，信念 kan s3：vativ] a.保守的n.保守者
…第三段…
egalitarian, equality
❶ The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often valuing of everything.早期独立运动
领导者的理想通常是平等主义，即崇尚一切事物的平等。
of
—级修饰 the early leaders of independence
J介词短语作后置定语，修饰The ideals
句子主干 The ideals...were often egalitarian,（主+系+表）
|解释说明egalitarian
—级修饰 valuing equality of everything.
egalitarian e*quality [
福汇注黑. [ i.gaelrtearianj a.平等主义in的 re爪tu平rn 等主ab义oli者sh slavery i kwohti]几平lib等er；a均te等d.；相等
❷ Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised to in the areas he 玻利瓦
尔将军曾经得到过海地的援助，作为回报，他承诺在其所解放的地区废除奴隶制.
Bolivar had received aid from Haiti （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and had promised the areas
in return to abolish slavery in
省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句,|修饰the areas
—级修饰 he liberated.
in return abolish
辑司汇注建.slavery 作为回报;作为回应 liberate [a-boli/] vt.废除，废止（习俗、制度等）
[，sleivori] n.奴隶制；奴隶身份 [ hbareit] vt.解放；使自由；使解脱
❸ By 1854 slavery had been abolished eveiywhere except Spain's remaining colonies,至I] 1854 年时，除 X 四班牙残存的
殖民地以外，其他地区都已经废除了奴隶制。
句子主干 By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere （主+谓）
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
except
—级修饰 tribuStpea in's rteamxeasi ning colonies. origin
❹ Early promises tore evnedn uIen dian and on people of mixed came much slower because the new nations
still needed the such policies produced.取消印第安人的贡税和向混血种族征税的早期承诺很晚才兑现，
因为新国家仍然需要这些政策带来的税收。 /
on
二级修饰 people of mixed origin
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰taxes
to taxes
一级修饰 end Indian tribute and
，动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰Early promises
句子主干 Early promises...came much slower （主+谓）
[because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
because the revenue
—级修饰 the new nations still needed
省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句,j修饰the revenue
二级修饰 such policies produced.
:WiCSS tribute^ [ t*[ax taeks]
o*rigin [
inbjuzt]几贡金;致敬；体现
r*evenue [
口.税；税款仇.对……征税;使负重担
.Dnd3in]几血统;起源 -revanju:]几财政收入；（公司、组织的）收入
109sentiments tempered population
❺ dEegamliotacriraanc y. were often by fears 由at the mass of the was unprepared for self-rule and
平等主义的情绪常常会因担心广大群众对自治和民主尚未做好准备而有所淡化。
句子主干 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered （主+谓）
I介词短语作原因状语
by fears
—级修饰
[that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fears
that
二级修饰 the mass of the population was unprepared fbr self-rule and democracy.
i s*entiment [ temper^ [
南 匚* 洼睡 sentimont] n.情绪；观点 -temp9（r） ] vt.使缓和n.脾气；怒气；心情
p*opulation [ d*emocracy [
i*lpeiDfnp]ju 口.人群；人口 drmokrasi] n.民主；民主政体；民主国家
section u
Part A
Text 1
• ..•第—^段....
certificates tournament,
O If you were ton oetxeawmoinreth tyh eq ubiirrtkh: of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup you would most
likely find a elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year
than in the later months.如果查看一下参加2006年世界杯足球锦标赛每位运动员的出生证，你很可能会发现一
件值得注意的奇事：出色的足球运动员更有可能出生在一年中的前几个月，而非后几个月。
of
二级修饰 every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament,
介词短语作后置定语,]修饰the birth certificates
If the birth certificates
—级修饰 you were to examine
[if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:（主+谓+宾）
解释说明 a noteworthy quirk |
—级修饰 elite soccer players are more likely to have been bom in the earlier months of the year
[than...作比较状语
than
二级修饰 in the later months.
套出生暮
本句中，条件状语从句用了虚拟语气表达法were t。,表示对将来的预测，主句中的谓语使用了
“would +动词原形”与之对应。
certificate * [ tournament [
词汇注将:noteworthy [ sa tifikat ]几证明；文凭 quirk •toanamant ] n.锦标赛
-nautwaidi] a.值得注意的;显著的 [kw3：k] n.奇事;怪异的性格或行为
feed
❷ If you then examined the European nationapl ryoonutohu tneacmeds .that the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find
this strange phenomenon to be even more 如果再看一下为世界杯和职业球队输送球员的欧洲国家青
年队，你会发现这一奇怪现象甚至更加明显。
that
二级修饰 feed the World Cup and professional ranks,
that引导的定语从句,!修饰the European national youth teams
If the European national youth teams
—级修饰 you then examined
__________ [if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 ^ou would find四匝目理夔卫鱼埋22522 to be even more pronounced.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
110f*[efied ：d] pronounced
词汇注释 vt.提供;喂养几饲料 [prs naunst] a.明显的；显著的；表达明确的
account for
❶What might this strange phenomenon?这种奇怪现象可能的成因是什么呢？
r»
句子主干 What might account for ^s^trangephenomenon?(特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+谓+宾)
account for
，词汇洼寐 导致;(数量、比例上)占;对....做出解释;对....负责;列入预算
astrological signs
❷ Here are a few guesses: a) certain stamincaonfer superior soccer skills； b) winter-bomc obanbcieeisv ete nd to have
higher oxygen capacity, which increases smocacneria ； c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to children in
springtime, at the annua) peak of soccer ； d) none of 由e above.下面是几种猜想：a)某些星座赋予球员高超
的足球技能;b）冬天出生的孩子氧容量往往很高,这会增加踢足球时的耐力；c）痴迷足球的父母更有可能在春
季，也就是一年中足球狂热的高峰期孕育子女;d）以上猜想都不对。
句子主干 Here are a few guesses：（倒装句：表+系+主）
解释说明a few guesses
a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;
并列句
higher oxygen capacity,
b) winter-born babies tend to have
I
—级修饰 并列句
c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children
I
并列句
d) none of the above.
which引导的非限定性定语从句, 补充说明higher oxygen capacity
which
increases soccer stamina;
二级修饰 介词短语作状语
in at
springtime, the annual peak of soccer mania;
astrological sign stamina [
词汇注释： 星座 staemma]几.耐力；体力；持久力
c*onceive mania
[kan siiv]".怀（胎）；想出；构想 [-memig] n.狂热；癖好；躁狂症
••••第三段”••
❶ Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of
the above. ”佛罗里达州立大学58岁的心理学教授安德斯•埃里克森称他坚信“以上猜想都不对气
—级修饰 a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University,
Anders Ericsson的同位语
Anders Ericsson,...says （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作says的宾语
he believes strongly in "none of the above."
nuclear
❷ Ecorincdssuocnt grew up in Sweden, and studied engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to
his own research if he switched to psychology.埃里克森在瑞典长大，早先学习核工程，直到他意识到如果
转而学习心理学,会有更多的机会进行自己的研究。Ericsson grew up in Sweden,（主+谓）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓语
and studied
nuclear engineering
__________ [until引导的时间状语从句
until
—级修饰 he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research
[if引导的条件状语从句
二级修饰 if he switched to psychology.
「真出隹移:until引导的时间状语从句中，省略引导词（that）的宾语从句作realized的宾语。
n*uclear c*onduct [
:而无洼蒋] [.nju:kli°（r）] a.核能的；核武器的 kan^Akt] v.进行;指挥[•kgUkt] n.行为
repeat random
❸ His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then a series
of numbers.大约在30年前，他做的第一个实验与记忆力有关:训练一个人听一系列随机的数字，然后进行
复述。
—级修饰 nearly 30 years ago,
句子主干 His first experiment,...involved 里?口：（主+谓+宾）
[解释说明句子主干
—级修饰 training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.
'：r*epeat r*andom [
"司汇洼暮
subject
[
,
n pi：t] v.复述;转述n.重复的事件 raendam] q.随机的;任意的
❹"With the first after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls.
“在经过大约20个小时的训练以后，第一位受试者的数字记忆跨度由7个上升到20个,”埃里克森回忆道。
after
about 20 hours of training,
一级修饰 介词短语作时间状语
"With
the first subject,
:介词短语作状语，，
his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,"
句子主干 [直接引语作recalls的宾语
Ericsson recalls.（宾+主+谓）
s*ubject [
■司正注查 .SAbd3ikt] n.接受实验者；主题;学科[s9b^3ekt] vt.使臣服
❺"He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers. ”"他不断地进步，在经过
大约200个小时的训练以后，他记忆的数字上升到了 80多个。”
（l）“He kept improving,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干
and连接的并列句
（2）and...he had risen （主+谓）
［介词短语作状语
to
over 80 numbers;
一级修饰 介词短语作(2)句的时间状语
after
about 200 hours of training
•••第四段•*••
coupled with genetically
O This success, later researccho gsnhiotwivien g that memory itseilnf tius itniovte determined, led Ericsson to conclude
that the act of memorizing is more of a exercise than an one.这次实验的成功以及后来表明记忆力
112本身并非由基因决定的研究让埃里克森得出结论：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉活动，不如说是一种认知活动C
showing
二级修饰 that memory itself is not genetically determined,
j现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰research
coupled research
一级修饰 with later
[过去分词短语作状语 “
This success,...led Ericsson to conclude （主+谓七宾+宾补）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，[作conclude的宾语
that
the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
；要出注释:现在分词短语showing that..,中，that引导的宾语从句，作showing的宾语。
couple with genetically
■商汇洼蒋: 加上，外加 [ d3g.netikli] ad.基因地
c*ognitive [ intuitive
-kogn9tiv] a.认知的;感知的 [ m tjuiitiv] a.直觉的；有直觉力的
inborn exhibit
❷ In other words, whatever differences two people may in their abilities to memorize, those differences are
swamped “encodes”
by how well each person the information.换言之，无论两个人在记忆能力方面表现出多大的
先天性差别,这些差别都会被辛人“编码”信息能力的强弱所掩盖。
in
二级修饰 their abilities to memorize,
［介词短语作状语
whatever
—级修饰 inborn differences two people may exhibit
［whatever引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 In other words,...those differences are swamped （主+谓）
介词短语作状语I
—级修饰 by how well each person "encodes" the information.
要点注释；介词短语by how...中，how引导的宾语从句，作介词by的宾语。该从句中,each person作主语,
"encodes”作谓语,the information 作宾语,how well 作状语，修饰谓语"encodes"。
：
inborn e*xhibit [
词汇注释 [ |in'bo：n] a.先天的；天生的 i*zgibit] vt.表现vi.展出n.展览品；物证
s*wamp encode
[swomp] vt.淹没儿沼泽 [m-ksud] vt.把....编码；给....加密
❸ And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as
deliberate
practice.埃里克森断定，学习有目的地编码信息的最佳途径是一个被称为“刻意练习”的过程。
to
—级勺务饰 learn how to encode information meaningfully,
］动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the best way
句子主干 And the best way...was aproc^s （主+系+表）
f插入语［
--------------- - 1
Ericsson determined,
一级修饰 过去分词短语作后置定语.修饰a process
known
as deliberate practice.
deliberate
i司无洼癌. *[dihb 9r3t] a.故意的;从容不迫的[dMiboreit]。.仔细考虑，深思熟虑
entails
❹Deliberate practice more than simply repeating a task.亥!1意练习"所需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。
句子主干 Deliberate practice entails more （主+谓+宾）
［than...作比较状语
than
—级修饰 simply repeating a task.
113:要点连将；注意,more than后跟名词或动名词，表示“不仅仅是，不只是”。
entaiP [
:词汇注释: in ted] vt.需要;牵涉;使必要
specific feedback
❺ Rather, it involves setting goals, obtaining immediate and concentrating as much on technique as on
outcome.更确切地说，它包括制定明确的目标、得到即时反馈，要关注技巧和结果，且两者并重。
Rather, it involves settingspecific^oals,（主+谓+宾）
I并列宾语
句子主干 obtaining immediate feedback
| and连接的并列宾语
and
concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
s*pecific f*eedback [
，词汇洼释 [sps-sifik] a.明确的；具体的；特定的；特有的 fiidba^k]几反馈;反应
…•第五段•…
taken to pursuits,
O Ericsson and his colleagues have thus studying expert performers in a wide range of including
soccer. 因此，埃里克森和他的同事们开始研究包括足球在内的很多领域的优秀人士。
句子主干 Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰expert performers |
in
a wide range of pursuits,
—级修饰 补充说明 expert performers
including soccer.
take to p*ursuit [
；词汇注释 开始从事;喜欢上;养成……的习惯 pa sjuit] n.事业；爱好;追求;追赶
biographical
❷ They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and details but also the results of their
laboratory
own experiments with high achievers.他们收集所有能收集到的资料，不仅包括I：作表现统计数据和生
平资料，还包括在他们自己的实验中对取得卓越成就者的研究结果。
句子主干 They gather alHhe^ata （主+谓+宾）
|省略关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰the data
they can,
the data的同位语
not ust
一级修饰 performance statistics and biographical details
not just...but also连接的并列成分
but also
the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
biographical laboratory
；词汇注释 [ tbaia graefikl] a.关于生平的；传记的 [ la boratri] n.实验室，研究室
：
startling assertion trait overrated
❸ Their work makes a rather the we commonly call talent is highly .他们的研究得
出了一个相当惊人的论断:我们通常称之为“天赋”的这一特性被高估了。
句子主干 Their work makes竺£迎雯史空业g竺迎也里1:（主+谓+宾）
A “
解释说明 a rather startling assertion
the trait..
—级修饰 .is highly overrated.
省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句，修饰the trait
二级修饰 we commonly call talent
114startling assertion
词汇注释 [ -staitlirj] a.惊人的，令人震惊的 [s-s3：Jn] n.断言；主张；声称；明确肯定
★
trait [ overrate
treit]几特性,特点，特征 [13ov9 reit] vt.高估；对... 评价过高
❹
Or, put another way, surgery,
expert performers—whether in memory or ballet or computer programming—are nearly
always made, not bom.或者，换句话说，不管是在记忆力还是外科手术领域,在芭蕾舞还是在计算机编程方面，
表现优秀的人几乎都是后天培养的，而不是天生的。
—级修饰 Put another way,
___________ [插入语
句子主干 Or,...expert performers...are nearly always made, not bom.（主+系+表）
- 、
插入语，补充说明expert performers
—级修饰 ―whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming一
Put another way surgery”
词汇洼禅■ 换句话说 炽电河]n.外科手术；外科学;应诊时间；诊室
Text 2
• •••第一段••••
supplement featured column
O For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper Parade has a called "Ask Marilyn.
在过去几年里，周末副刊杂志《大观》开设了一个特色专栏:问问玛丽莲。
For
—级修饰 the past several years,
|介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
----------- ▼
句子主干 the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a^olumn （主+谓+宾）
过去分词短语作后置定语,[修饰a column
called
一级修饰 "Ask M*' arilyn.
s*upplement [ f*eature [
词汇洼将: SAphrnant] n.（报纸的）增刊；增补 -fi:tj9（r） ] vt.以....为特色 n.特征
column^ [
kolam] n.（报纸、杂志的）专栏;柱；圆柱状物;纵行
query mental
❷ People are invited to Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a level of someone about 23 years
old； that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.人们应邀向玛丽莲•沃斯•莎凡特提问，她在 10
岁时测得的智力水平就相当于普通人23岁左右的水平，智商为228,这是有记录以来的最高分数。
who
二级修饰 at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old;
[who引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明Marilyn vos Savant
to query Marilyn vos Savant,
—级修饰
j动词不定式短语作People的补足语
（l）People are invited （主+谓）
句子主干 并列句
（2）that gave her anj[Q^f228 （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
f解释说明an IQ of 228
一级修饰 ——the highest score ever recorded.
query [ m* ental [
、词汇注释： kwigri] vt.提问；怀疑n.疑问；问号 mentl] a.智力的;思想的;精神的
115verbal visual analogies, envision
❸ IQ tests ask you to complete and to paper after it has been folded and cut, and to
deduce numerical sequences, similar
among other tasks.智商测试要求你完成言语类比和视觉类比，想象纸张在
折叠和裁剪之后的形状，推导数字序列,以及其他诸如此类的任务。
IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,（主+谓+宾+宾补）
I并列的动词不定式短语
to
句子主干 envision paper after it has been folded and cut,
| and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and to
deduce numerical sequences,
介词短语作句子主干的状语
among
—级修饰 other similar tasks.
要点注释：动词不定式短语to envision paper...中,after引导时间状语从句，该从句的主语是it,谓语has been
folded and cut使用了现在完成式的被动语态。
v*erbal [ v*isual [
词H：洼暮: V3：bl] a.言语的;文字的；口头的 vi3ual] a.视觉的；视力的n.视觉资料
analogy ☆ [ 9 envision
nael9d3i] □.类比；比拟;类推 [m-vi3n] vt.想象；展望
deduce^ n*umerical
[drdjuzs] vt.推断;演绎;推论 [nju： menkl] a.数字的;用数字表示的
☆
sequence [ s*imilar [
•siikwans]几顺序vt.按顺序排列 ，sim仙(r) ] a.类似的；相像的
Helds
❹ So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant such queries from the average Joe （ whose IQ is 100） as, What's the
fondness? nature coincidence?
difference between love and Or what is the of luck and 所以，当沃斯•莎凡特成功回
答出（智商为100的）普通人提出的诸如“爱和喜欢的区别是什么”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么”之类的问题
时，不免让人感到有点困惑。
句子主干 So it is abitcordusing （主+系+表）
[when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
when such
—级修饰 vos Savant fields queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100）
such...as...表举例
as,
What's the difference between love and fondness?
| Or连接的并列句
二级修饰
Or
what is the nature of luck and coincidence?
f*ield fondness [
:词汇注释] [fi：ld] vt.（成功地）回答，处理（问题）n.场地 fDndn3s] n.喜欢;喜好;溺爱
n*ature coincidence
[.neitJ9（r）] n.本质；自然界 [kao msidans] n.巧合;并存
capacity
❺ It's not obvious how the to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions
eluded
that have some of the best poets and philosophers.我们不明白，形象思维能力和数列推导能力如何能使人
回答出连最优秀的诗人和哲学家都很难回答的问题。
句子主干 It's not obvious how the capacity...suits one to answer questions （主+系 +表）
___________ 动词不定式短语作后置定语，:修饰the capacity
to
visualize objects
and连接的并列动词不定式短语
and to
—级修饰 figure out numerical patterns
that引导的定语从句， 修饰 questions
that
have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
蜀点注群」句子主干中,It为形式主语,how引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
capacity * [ ka elude
词汇洼释' paesati ] n.领悟能力；容量；生产量 [i lu：d] vt.使不理解；躲避；(使)错过
116«•••第二段••一
intelligence encompasses
❶Clearly, more than a score on a test.显然，一项测试的得分不足以说明智力的内涵。
句子主干 Clearly, intelligence encompasses more （主+谓+宾）
than...作比较状语
than
—级修饰 a score on a test.
i*ntelligence [ encompass
;词汇注将 m telidsans]几智力；智慧;情报 [m kAmpas]祝.包含，包括;包围
❷ Just what does it mean to be smart?那么什么叫聪明呢？
Just what does it mean （特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词）
句子主干 为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
to
be smart?
neurology, genetics,
❸ How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from computer
science and other fields?智力有多少可以被明确测定？我们可以从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域中对
智力了解多少？
（1） How much of intelligence can be specified,（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+主+谓）
句子主干 [and连接并列的特殊疑问句
（2） and how much can we learn about it （钢疑问句：疑问词+情态动词+主+谓语动词）
[介词短语作（2）句的状语
from
—级修饰 neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
neurology genetics
词汇洼释 [njua roladsi] n.神经（病）学 [d3）netiks] n.遗传学
••••第三段••••
。The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as
they used to be.虽然现在智商测试不像以前使用那么频繁，但人类智力似乎仍然由智商分数来定义。
句子主干 The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,（主+系+表）
|even though引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
even though
一级修饰 IQ tests are not given as often
： as引导的比较状语从句
二级修饰 as they used to be.
Scale
❷ The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both
come in adult and children's version）.智商测试主要有两种形式:斯坦福一比奈智力量表和韦克斯勒智力量表
（两种测量表都分成人版和儿童版）O
句子主干 The test comes primarily （主+谓）
[介词短语作状语
：
in two forms
一级修饰
|名词短语解释说明two forms
the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
二级修饰 ]and连接并列的名词短语
and
the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version）.
117s*cale
i iBliEaSJ [skeil] n.标度（句中引申为“量表”）；规模；等级
variations
❸ Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although of them
populate
bookstores and the World Wide Web.虽然书店里和互联网上常常可以看到这两种测试形式的改编版，
但这两种测试形式通常只能由心理学家提供，费用一般为几百美元。
一级修饰
j现在分词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 they are usually given only by psychologists,(主+i胃)
| although引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
although
—级修饰 variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
variation^ [ populate
词汇注释： （Veari eijnj几变体；变化；变奏曲 [ -popjoleit] vt.占据；居住于
statistical
❹ Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a population
chronological
distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the age and multiplying by
100.现在像沃斯-莎凡特这样的超高分再也不可能出现了，因为如今的分数是以同龄群体的人口统计分布状
况为基础的，而不是简单地用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100而得到的。
句子主干 Superhigh scores...are no longer possible,（主+系+表）
scores
like vos Savant's
—级修饰 because引导的原因状语从句, 作句子主干的原因状语
because
scoring is now based
介词短语作状语1
介词短语作状语
on
a statistical population distribution among age peers,
rather由an连接的并列成分，肯定前者，否定后者
rather than dividing
二级修饰 simply the mental age by the chronological age
| and连接并列的动名词短语
and multiplying
by 100.
statistical chronological
词汇注释: [ sta tistikl] a.统计的 [ ikmn知r）d3ikl]。.实龄的;按时间顺序的
Scholastic
❺ Other standardized tests, such as the Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam ( GRE),
capture
the main aspects of IQ tests.其他的标准化测试，如学术能力评估测试(SAT)和美国研究生入学考试
(GRE)，也都充分体现了智商测试的主要特点。
句子主干 Other standardized tests,...capture the main aspects of IQ tests.(主+谓+宾)
such as...举例说明Other standardized tests
such as I ..
一级修饰 the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),
scholastic c*apture [
词汇注释: [ ska-laestik] a.学术的；学业的 -kaeptfsCr） ] vt.充分体现;夺得n.（被）捕获
■ .第四段
O Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues
Robert J. Sternberg.罗伯特・J.斯滕伯格认为:这样的标准化测试或许并不能评估出在学业和生活中取得成功
所必需的所有重要因素。
118句子主干 Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements （主+谓+宾）
修饰all the important elements j
形容词短语作后置定语,
necessary
to succeed in school and in life,
一级修饰 插入语
argues Robert J. Sternberg.
analytical
❷ In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?" , Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess and
critical
verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also to problem solving and life
success.他在《智商测试有多智能?》一文中指出：传统测试能对分析能力和语言能力做出最佳评估，但无法评
估创造能力和实践知识，而这两者也是解决问题和获得人生成功的关键因素。
In
一级修饰 his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?",
[介词短语作状语
Sternberg notes （主+谓+宾从）
[that引导的宾语从句，作notes的宾语
Fth.a. t ....I : , assess r .................................…...
句子主干 traditional tests best analytical and verba] skills
| but连接的并列谓宾
but fail creativity and practical knowledge,
to measure
creativity and practical knowledge的同位语]
—级修饰 components also critical to problem solving and life success.
analytical c*ritical [
:商;匚洼释， [ .aena litikl] a.分析的；解析的 -kntikl] a.关键的;批评的；挑剔的;严重的
❸ Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.而日,—旦受试人群或者
受试环境发生变化,智商测试未必能做出精准的预测。.
句子主干 Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well （主+谓）
once引导的条件状语从句J作句子主干的条件状语
once
—级修饰 populations or situations change.
❹ Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under
negatively correlated
high-stress conditions, IQ was with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.研究发现，在
压力小的情况下，智商测试可以预测受试者领导能力的高低;但是在压力大的情况下，智商测试与领导能力呈
负相关的关系——也就是说，智商测试所检测出的领导能力与实际情况相反。
Research has found （主+谓+宾从）
[that引导的宾语从句，作has found的宾语
that
句子主干 IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions,
：but连接并列的宾语从句
but
under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership
__________ [解释说明
—级修饰 —that is, it predicted the opposite.
要点注释：宾语从句that IQ predicted leadership skills...中,when引导的时间状语从句，作该宾语从句的时间状语。
negatively c*orrelate
词汇注释 [-negativli] ad.负地;消极地;否定地 [-koraleit] vi.和...相关;相互关联
119toiled testify matters,
❺ Anyone who has through SAT will that test-taking skill also whether it's knowing when to guess
skip SAT
or what questions to .任何熬过 的人都可以证实，应试技巧也很重要，无论是知道何时应该猜测或是哪
些问题应该跳过。
who SAT
—级修饰 has toiled through
! who引导的定语从句，修饰Anyone
句子主干 Anyone...will testify that test-taking skill also matters,（主+谓+宾从）
[举例说明test-taking skill
knowing
whether it's
一级修饰 jor连接的并列成分作knowing的宾语
or
when to guess what questions to skip.
☆
t*oil testify
词汇注释 [toil] i;.辛勤劳作;苦干;跋涉n.苦工 [-testifai] vt.证实；证明
m* atter [ s*kip [
•maeta(r) ] m要紧；事关紧要n.事情；问题 skip] v.略过;跳绳vi.快速移动
Text 3
….第一段.…
generation, count on
O During the past the American middle-class family that once（c ould hard work and fair play to keep
secure transformed
itself financially has been by economic risk and new realities.在过去一代人的时间里，曾经依靠
努力工作和公平竞争便能使自己的经济获得保障的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。
During
—级修饰 the past generation,
|介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 the American middle・classJfamHy...has been transformed （主+谓）
that引导的定语从句，修饰the American middle-class family
that
once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure
—级修饰 介词短语作状语
by
economic risk and new realities.
g*eneration [ count on
:词汇注释 ^sena-reifn] n. 一代；一辈；同辈人 依靠;依赖；指望
s*ecure t*ransform
[srkjua（r）] a.安全的vt.获得；使安全 [traens f□:m] vt.(使)改变；改造
pink slip, diagnosis, spouse reduce solidly middle class
❷ Now a a bad or a disappearing can a family from to newly
poor in a few months,如今，一张解雇通知单、一个恶性诊断结果或者失去配偶都能使一个家庭从殷实的中产阶
级在几个月内沦落成新贫阶级。
句子主干 Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作状语
from to
—级修饰 solidly middle class newly poor in a few months.
Pink slip diagnosis
商汇洼释 解雇通知单 [而码，而usis]几诊断;判断
s*pouse r*educe
[spaus] n.配偶 [rrdjuis] vt.使沦为；减少 v.蒸发
solidly middle class
[ -solidli] ad.殷实地;坚固地;连续地 中产阶级
120…第二段…
❶ In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.在仅仅一代人的
时间里，数百万母亲已经出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。
In
—级修饰 just one generation,
[介词短语作状语 “
句子主干 millions of mothers have gone to work,（主+谓）
[现在分词短语作句子主干的结果状语
transforming
—级修饰 basic family economics.
of all stripes implications
❷ Scholars, policymakers, and critics have debated the social of these changes, but few have
looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.学者、政策制定者以及各类评论家都已讨论过这些变化的社
会意义，但很少有人研究过其副作用:家庭风险也增加了。
of
all stripes
一级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰Critics
of
these changes,
介词短语作后置定语,]修饰the social implications
（l）Scholars,policymakers,andcritics...havedebatedtfiesodaliiii^^tiwK （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 |but连接的并列句，表转折
⑵ but few have looked at tiiesideeffect:（主+谓+宾）
，解释说明 the side effect
-----------— "5心手， I
—级修饰 family risk has risen as well.
of all stripes i*mplication [
:词迫注将 各领域的;形形色色的 jmpli keijn] n.可能的影响；暗示;牵连
budgeted two-paycheck
❸ Today's families have to the limits of their new status.今天美国家庭的开支预算已经达到了
这种新双薪状态的极限。
句子主干 Today's families have budgeted （主+谓）
[介词短语作状语，表程度
to
一级修饰 the limits of their new two-paycheck status.
'■ ill7[:
b*udget [
bAd3it]
v.做预算，编入预算n.预算q.
价格低廉的
paycheck [
peitjek] n.薪金;工资
parachute setback— back-up
0 As a result, they have lost the they once had in times of financial a earner （ usually
got laid off
Mom） who could go into the workforce if the primary earner or fell sick.结果，他们失去了经济困难时期
曾经拥有的保护伞---个在家庭经济支柱失业或者生病时可以走进职场的候补挣钱者（通常是母亲）0
句子主干 As a result, they have lost tihejparachute （主+谓+宾）
[省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句，修饰the parachute
they once had in times of financial setback
—级修饰 解释说明the parachute
—a back-up earner
（usually Mom）
I who引导的定语从句，修饰a back-up earner
who
二级修饰 could go into the workforce
li«l导的条件状语从句
if
三级修饰 the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
121p*arachute [ s*etback [ •
词汇注释： peersjuit] n.降落伞v.跳伞 setback]几.挫折；阻碍
back-up [ get laid off
baekAp] a.作支援的 n.备份 被解雇
insurance
❺ This u added-worker effectM could support the safety net offered by unemployment or disability insurance to
weather
help families bad times.这种“附加劳动者效应”能够加强由失业保险或伤残保险所提供的安全保障网，
从而帮助家庭度过困难时期。
句子主干 This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net （主+谓+宾）
" 过去分词短语作后置定语,[修饰the safety net
offered
by unemployment insurance or disability insurance
■-级修饰 动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to
help families weather bad times.
i*nsurance [ w* eather [
词汇注释: m juarans]几保险；安全保证 weda（r） ] m度过（困难）爪天气，气象
disruption made up
❻ But today, a to family fortunes can no longer be with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home
partner.但如今，家庭时运遭到的破坏再也不能通过原来赋闲在家的配偶取得的额外收入来弥补了。
to
—级修饰 family fortunes
介词短语作后置定语修饰a disruption
句子主干 But today, a disruption...can no longer be made up （主+谓）
介词短语作can...be made up的方式状语|
with
—级修饰 extra income from an。由erwise-stay-at-hon）e partner.
disruption make up
词汇洼释： [disTApJn] n.扰乱；中断;混乱 弥补;组成;编造；（给....）化妆
• ••.第三段..•徽
absorb retirement
O During the same period, families have been asked to much more risk in their income,同时，家庭被
要求在退休收入方面承担更多的风险。
During
—级修饰 the same period,
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 Emilies have been asked （主+谓）
[动词不定式短语作families的补足语
to
—级修饰 absorb much more risk in their retirem（;nt income.
a*bsorb retirement
:词汇洼蒋: [ab sorb] vt.承担；吸收；理解；使全神贯注 [n taiamgnt] n.退休;退休生活
❷ Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about
fluctuation, outlive
interest rates, stock market and the harsh reality that they may their retirement money.钢铁工人、
航空公司雇员以及如今汽车行业的员工都与数百万的家庭一样，必须为利率、股票市场的波动以及退休金不够
用的严峻现实而担忧。
句子主干 Steelwoikers, airline employees, and now those...are joining millions of families （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，:修饰those T
in
the auto industry
—级修饰 who引导的定语从句，修饰millions of families
who the harsh reality
must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the harsh reality |
that
二级修饰 they may outlive their retirement money.
122fluctuation L outlive
词汇律释 i*efilJAnk]tJu n.波动；起伏 ,*laivu't vt.（在....结束或消失后）继续存在
campaigned
❸ For much of the past year, President Bush to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees
trading guaranteed for investment returns.
much or all of their payments payments depending on 去年的大半年中，
布什总统发起了将社会保障体系转化成储蓄账户模式的运动，使退休人员把大部分或者全部有保障的收入变
成依赖投资收益的收入。
句子主干 For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned （主+谓）
[动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to
—级修饰 move Social Security to a savings-account model,
:with独立主格结构作伴随状语
with payments
二级修饰 retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰payments t
depending
三级修饰 on investment returns.
c*ampaign [ trade...for...
:词汇注释 kaem pein] vi.发起运动，领导运动n.运动 用....换....
guaranteed investment returns
Ugaeroirthd； a.有保证的；确定的 投资收益
❹For younger families, die picture is not any better.对于较年轻的家庭来说，情况也好不到哪儿去。
句子主干 For younger families, the picture is not any better.（主+系+表）
share borne
❺ Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the of it by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings
deductibles dose
plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher and a large new of
investment risk for families, future healthcare.医疗保健的绝对成本以及其中家庭承担的份额都已增加-且最
近风行的健康储蓄计划正从立法大厅蔓延到沃尔玛超市的员工那里，随之而来的是比过去高出很多的医保免
赔额，以及家庭未来的医疗保健所面临的大量新增的投资风险。
句子主干 Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen （主+谓）
:补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 —and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading
| I介词短语作状语
— from to
legislative halls Wal-Mart workers,
介词短语作伴随状语
with
二级修饰 much higher deductibles
| and连接的并列成分
and
a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare.
s*hare b*ear
3司汇洼馨 [Jea（r） ] n.份额 v.分享;共有 [bea（r） ] v. （ bore, borne）承担;带有;忍受
deductible
[ drdAktabl j n.免赔额；自付额 d*[dossuesj n. 一份;一剂沉.给（某人）服药
demographics odds
❻ Even are working against the middle class family, as the of having a weak elderly parent—and all
attendant eightfold
the need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped in just one generation.甚至人 口统计
数据都对中产阶级家庭不利，因为中产阶级家庭要赡养一位年迈体弱的父（母）亲一以及随之而来的对人力
和财力援助的需要——的概率在仅仅一代人的时间里就猛涨到原来的八倍。
句子主干 Even demographics are working against the middle classjamily,（主+谓+宾）
:as引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
as
一级修饰 the odds of having a weak elderly parent...have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
[补充说明
二级修饰 —and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—
123demographics o*dds
词汇注释; [ idema-graefiks] n.人口统计数据 [odz] n. [p/.] (the ~ )概率;机会
attendant^ eightfold [
[a-tendant] a.随之而来的 n.服务员 eitfauld] ad.八倍地 a.八倍的
第四段•••
From perspective,
O the middle-class family much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise
acceleration wholesale shift
more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening of the of financial
onto
risk their already overburdened shoulders.从中产阶级家庭的视角来看，可以理解的是，上述许多现象看上去
远不像是履行更多经济责任的机会，而更像是以骇人的增速把经济风险大规模地转嫁到他们已经不堪重负的肩上。
From
the middle-class family perspective,
—级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
to
exercise more financial responsibility,
动词不定式短语作后置定语,]修饰an opportunity
much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity (主+系+表)
句子主干
and连接的并列系表
and a frightening acceleration
(looks) a good deal more like
介词短语作后置定语，修饰a frightening acceleration [
of
—级修饰 the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
from, .perspective acceleration
词汇注释: 从....的角度来看 [ skiselg-reifn]几 加速；加速度
wholesale s*hift
[ -haulseil] a.大规模的；大批的 [Jift] n.转嫁
fallout
@ The financial has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.经济上的不良后果已经开始显现，政
治影响可能也不会太远了。
(1) The financial fallout has begun,(主+谓)
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
(2) and the political fallout may not be far behind.(主+系+表)
fallout
词汇注释: [-foilaut] n.负面影响;后果;放射性尘埃
Text 4
…第一段…
pours.
❶ It never rains but it 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
（l）It never rains （主+谓）
句子主干 Jbut连接的并列句，表转折
⑵but it pours.（主+谓）
；词汇洼暮:p*[poour ：（r）] vi.（雨）倾盆而下;不断涌现"灌，倒
sorted out compliance
❷ Just as bosses and boards have finally their worst accounting and troubles, and improved their
feeble governance,
corporation a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty
inevitably heads rolling executive suited
headlines that lead to in the data insecurity.就在企业老总和董事会终于
解决了最棘手的财务和合规性问题，改善了公司薄弱的管理环节之际，一个新的问题又可能使他们招致——特
别是在美国——那种不可避免地使管理人员受到严惩的负面头条，这个问题就是:数据不安全。
124as have sorted out
Just bosses and boards finally their worst accounting and compliance troubles,
| and连接的并列谓宾
—级修饰
and （have） improved
their feeble corporation governance,
as引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
▼
句子主干 a new problem threatens 好竺4）匝头..坦竺四匹坚坦烂史些（主+谓+宾）
［插入语
—specially in America—
that引导的定语从句，修饰the sort of nasty headlines
that
一级修饰 inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite:
解释说明a new problem
data insecurity.
sort out compliance
问汇注释. 解决;挑出；整理;教训;理清头绪 [ kam-plaians] n.服从；遵守
feeble^f governance
fi：bl] a.虚弱的；无效的 [.gAv3n3ns] n.管理；统治；治理
inevitably heads rolling
[m evitabli] ad.不可避免地;必然地 常指受到惩罚；倒霉
e*xecutive s*uite7
[ig-zekjativ] a.管理的；行政的 n.经理 [swi：t] n.（一批）随员；套间
put right,
❸ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to and seen as a concern only o£ data-rich industries such as
is high on agenda
banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection now the boss's in businesses of every variety.
以前，信息保护一般交给那些临时的、职务较低的IT职员处理,而且这一工作被看成只是诸如银行、电信、航空等
数据处理量大的行业才关注的问题。而现在，信息保护已经高居各行各业老总们的议事日程之首。
such as
二级修饰 banking, telecoms and air travel.
I such as...举例说明data-rich industries
and seen data-rich industries
as a concern only of
一级修饰 and连接并列的过去分词短语
Left,
until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right.
I过去分词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 information protection is now high （主+系+表）
[介词短语作状语
on the boss's agenda
一级修饰
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the boss's agenda
in
二级修饰 businesses of every variety.
put right be high on one?s agenda
:词汇注释' 恢复正常;改正;纠正错误 摆在某人议事日程首要位置
• • • ~- • • •-
leakages
❶ Several massive of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the
contractor
American defense Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley—
potential
have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of
vulnerabilities.
今年的几起重大的客户和雇员数据泄露事件一一涉及各类机构，像时代华纳、美国国防工程承
包商科学应用国际公司，甚至还包括加州大学伯克利分校一使得管理者们慌忙检查他们复杂的IT系统和业
务处理程序，以寻找潜在的漏洞。
125二级修饰 the American defense contractor
Science Applications International Corp的同位语 j
.Science Applications International Corp...—
一级修饰 —from organizations as diverse as Time Wamer,..
j补充说明
Several massive leakages...have left managers （主+谓+宾+宾补）
______—
句子主干 现在分词短语作managers的补足语
peering
hurriedly into their intricate IT systems and business processes
介词短语作后置定语，修饰leakages
of
customer and employee data this year
一级修饰 介词短语作目的状语
in search of
potential vulnerabilities.
leakage [ contractor
词汇注释 -Hikidj] n.泄露；漏出物；泄漏量 [ kan'traektg^） ] n.承包商；承包公司
potential * vulnerability [
[ps-tenjl] a.潜在的;可能的几潜能 naIwbiloti] n.弱点；脆弱（性）
第三段•••,»
asset guarded
❶"Data is becoming an which needs to be as much as any other asset,n says Haim Mendelson of Stanford
University's business school.数据正在变成一种资产，它也需要受到与其他任何资产同样程度的保护，”斯坦福
大学商学院的海姆•孟德尔森说。
which
一级修饰 needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,"
[which引导的定语从句，修饰an asset
an asset
"Data is becoming
J直接弓1语作says的宾语
句子主干
says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school.（倒装句：宾+谓+主）
assent guard*
:词无生篇， •aeset] n.资产;有价值的东西 [gQ：d] vt.保护；看守n.警卫员
market value,
"The ability to guard customer data is the key to which the board is responsible for on behalf of share-
holders”. “保护客户数据的能力是市场价值的关键所在，董事会要代表股东对市场价值负责。”
句子主干 “The ability to guard customer data is th^key to market value,（主+系+表）
|which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
which
一级修饰 the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders".
market value
:词汇注释： 市场价值;市值
concept Accounting
❸ Indeed, just as there is the of Generally Accepted Principles （ GAAP） , perhaps it is time for
GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School.确实，就
像有“一般公认会计原则（GAAP）”的概念一样，或许现在也该制定“一般公认安全原则（GASP）” 了，纽约哥伦
比亚商学院的伊莱•诺姆建议道。
-级修饰 Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles （GAAP）,
as引导的比较状语从句，作句子主干的比较状语
句子主干 perhaps it is time （主+系+表）
[介词短语作句子主干的状语“
for GASP,
Generally Accepted Security Practices,
一级修饰 插入语
suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School.
126c*oncept [ accounting
词汇注释 konsept] 〃.概念；观念 [ s-kauntig]几.会计
redundancy, recovery
❹ 44 Setting the proper investment level for security, and is a management issue, not a technical
one," he says. 他指出：“为数据安全、冗余和恢复设立恰当的投资标准是个管理问题，而不是技术问题。”
for
一级修饰 security, redundancy, and recovery
；介词短语作状语，表对象
"Setting the proper investment level...is a management issue, not a technical one,"
，直接引语作says的宾语
句子主干
he says.（宾+主+谓）
redundancy r*ecovery
词汇注释 [ rrdAndansi]几冗余；重复 [n kAvgri] n.恢复；痊愈；改善
…•第四段•…
mystery
❶ The is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.令人费解的是，这竟令所有老板大吃~~惊。
句子主干 The mystery is虫竺也登E典芒竺皇竺生迎（主+系+表从）
m* ystery
「词汇洼洛： [Estri] n.难以理解的事物；神秘的事物；奥秘
dimmest
❷ Surely it should be obvious to the executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily
restore—
destroyed and hugely expensive to and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting
sensitive get into the wrong hands
personal data .当然，即使最糊涂的管理者也应该清楚地知道，信任是经济资
产中最有价值的东西，它很容易遭到破坏，并且恢复的代价非常高昂一没有什么比一家公司让敏感的个人数
据落入别有用心的人手中更能破坏信任的了。
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive （主+系+表）
]it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
that trust,
句子主干 ...is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore
I and连接并列的主语从句
—and
that few things are more likely to destroy trust
trust的同位语
that most valuable of economic assets,
—级修饰 than...作比较状语
than
a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
dim^ r*estore
:词汇注释 [dim] a.迟钝的;暗淡的v.（使）变暗淡 [rrsto：（r） ] m恢复;使复位;修复
sensitive * [ get into the wrong hands
-sensativ] a.敏感的；体贴的 落到危险分子或敌人手里
•…第五段•…
justified penalty
O The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not 一by the lack of legal （ in America,
for
but not Europe） data leakage.（美国，而不是欧洲）缺乏针对数据外泄的法律惩罚措施—- 一虽然不能证明当
前事态的合理性——可能助长了目前这种局势。
127句子主干 The current state of affairs may have been encouraged （主+谓）
插入语，［补充说明句子主干
—though not justified——
一级修饰 介词by引出动作的发出者
by
the lack of legal penalty （in America, but not Europe） for data leakage.
justify penalty for
「词*注盛 ［ ”，d3AStifai］沉.证明……正当（或有理、正确）；为……辩护 对......的处罚
victim, went
❷ Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the when data
astray.
直到最近加利福尼亚州才通过了一项法律，在此之前，美国企业在数据被盗时无须通知任何人，甚至是
受害者本人。
Until
—级修饰 California recently passed a law,
jUntil?I导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 American firms did not have to tell aityone,（主+谓+宾）
插入语，［补充说明anyone
even the victim,
一级修饰 when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
when
data went astray.
: v*ictim ［ go astray
viktim］机受害者;遇难者;牺牲品 被盗;丢失;误入歧途;走错方向
doing the rounds
❸ That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now in Washington, D. C.这种情
况可能很快就会改变:很多有关数据安全的立法提案正在华盛顿接受审议。
句子主干 That may change fast:（主+谓）
___________ ［解释说明句子主干
—级修饰 lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D. C.
do the rounds
:词汇注释： 逐个访问（文中引申为“接受审议”）
theft disclosed
❹ Meanwhile, the of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, on June 17th,
overshadowed puts
a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission （ FTC） that
corporate on notice regulators
America that will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 同时，美国 6 月 17
日披露的大约4000万信用卡账户信息失窃案，使美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）头一天做出的一项非常重要的决
定一一通知美国商界，如果公司不能充分保护数据的安全,那么监管机构就会采取行动——黯然失色。
a day earlier
—级修饰 decision的后置定语
about
some 40 million cred it-card accounts in America,
［介词短语作后置定语,修饰the theft of information
句子主干 Meanwhile, the theft of information...overshadowed 邑巴g虫虫史四迎史竺也J
过去分词短语作后置定语,:修饰the theft of information
disclosed
on June 17th,
介词短语作后置定语，修饰decision
by
_级修饰 America's Federal Trade Commission （FTC）
that引导的定语从句，修饰decision
that notice
puts corporate America on
" that引导的同位语从句，解释说明notice |
that
二级修饰____________________________________________________________________ regulators will act
if引导的条件状语从句:
if
三级■（修饰 firms fail to provide adequate data security.
128t*heft [ d*isclose
'词汇遂释一 eeft] n.偷窃;盗窃罪 [dis'khuz] vt.披露；揭露；泄露
overshadow put sb. on notice
[ ,3uva-faedau] vt.使黯然失色 通知某人
corporate [ regulator [
koiparat] a.公司的；全体的 Tegjuleita（r） ] n.监管机构；监管者
Part B
® • ••卷
ensure adulthood
❶ Mothers and fathers can do a lot to a safe landing in early for their kids.父母可以做很多事来确保
自己的孩子平安地进入成年初期。
句子主干 Mothers and fathers can do ajot （主+谓+宾）
I动词不定式短语作目的状语
to
—级修饰 ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.
：
e*nsure adulthood [
商il：洼蒋 [mjuafr） ] v.确保;担保;保证 aedAlthod] n.成年
satisfy emerging
❷ Even if a job's starting salary seems too small to an adult's need for rapid content, the transition from
school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.即使工作的起薪看起来太低，不能
满足即将成年的孩子快速获得满足的需求，但是如果这些准成年人做好了准备，那么他们从学校向职场过渡时
遭遇的挫折也会少一些。
to
二级修饰 satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content,
1动词不定式短语作结果状语
Even if
—级修饰 a job's starting salary seems too small
[Even i传|导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 the transition...can be less of a se出ack （主+系+表）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰the transition
from
school to work
一级修饰 if?I导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
if
the start-up adult is ready for the move.
satisfy emerging [
"词汇注暮] *[. s®tisfai] vt.满足;使满意;使确信 rmazdsirj]。.新生的;新兴的
❸ Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I
call M work-life unreadiness”：下面提到的一些措施来自本人撰写的《不管你是否做好准备，生活如约而至》一书。
父母可以借鉴这些措施，以避免我称之为“对工作与生活准备不足”的状况发生：
句子主干 Here are a few measures,（倒装句：表+系+主）
:过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a few measures
drawn
from my book Ready or Not, Herv Life Comes,
that引导的定语从句，修饰a few measures
that prevent
—级修饰 parents can take to
what引导的宾语从句，[作prevent的宾语
what
I call "work-life u*:n*readiness
129• •••第二段•••
❶You can start this process when they are 11 or 12.你可以在孩子11或12岁的时候就开始这个过程。
句子主干 You can start this process （主+谓+宾）
| when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
when
一级修饰 they are 11 or 12.
❷ Periodically
review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like
collaborating.
difficulty in communicating well or 定期和孩子们一起审视他们新出现的优点和缺点，并一起努力
克服缺点，比如在有效沟通或合作方面存在的困难。
with
—级修饰 them
I介词短语作状语
（l）Periodically review their emerging^^ngths^ndjy^akness^ （祈使句：谓+宾）
句子主干 [and连接的并列句
（2）and work together on anyshortcoimngs,（祈使句：谓+宾）
[举例说明 any shortcomings
一级修饰 like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.
periodically collaborate * [
:问汇注释 [ .piari ndikli] ad.定期地；周期地 ks iaebareit] vi.合作；协作
identify clues
❸ Also, the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer to the careers that will fit them best.
另外，发现孩子们一直以来的各种兴趣，因为这些能为他们将来找到最合适的职业提供线索。
句子主干 Also, identify the kinds of interests （祈使句：谓+宾）
1 :省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句，修饰the kinds of interests
they keep coming back to,
-级修饰 as引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
as the careers
these offer clues to
that引导的定语从句J修饰the careers
that
二级修饰 will fit them best.
identify * [ c*lue [
词汇连释 ardentifai] vt.发现；确认；显示 klu：] n.线索；迹象；提示
••••第三段••••
a range of authentic clique, vaunted
O Kids need role models—as opposed to members of their pop stars and athletes.
孩子们需要各种真实的角色榜样一不是他们小圈子的成员，也不是明星和被吹捧的运动员。
句子主干 Kids need a rangejrf authentic role models （主+谓+宾）
[补充说明a range of authentic role models
—级修饰 —38 opposed to members of their clique, pep stars and vaunted athletes.
a range of authentic *
词汇注释 一系列 ； o： eentik] a.真实的；真正的；真迹的；可靠的
clique vaunted
[kli：k] 〃.小圈子;小集团 [ wointid] a.被吹嘘的；被夸耀的
130❷ Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are.经常在晚饭时和
孩子们谈论家庭成员所认识的人，以及他们是如何取得今日成就的。
句子主干 Have regular dinner-table discussions (祈使句：谓+宾)
介词短语作后置定语，I修饰discussions
---------------- I
about
peofile the family knows
-级修饰 ! and连接并列的介词短语
a.n d (abIout)
how they got where they are.
:要,&注释:介词短语about people...中,省略关系词(whom/who/that)的定语从句修饰people,该从句的主语是
the family,谓语是knows,省略的关系词(whom/who/that)作宾语;how引导的宾语从句作(about)的
宾语，该宾语从句中,they作主语,got作谓语,where引导的宾语从句作got的宾语。
❸ Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future.
与孩子谈谈你们自己事业上的快乐和不足之处,并鼓励他们对自己的未来提出一些想法。
of
—级修饰 your own career
:介词短语作后置定语，修饰the joys and downsides
(1) Discuss皿登也竺巴史剪理理坐s (祈使句：谓+宾)
句子主干 |and连接的并列句
(2) and encourage your kids to form some ideas (祈使句：谓+宾+宾补)
f介词短语作后置定语，修饰ideas
---------------- I
about
—级修饰 their own future.
:词汇注释'downside [ 'daunsaid]几不利方面；阴暗面;缺点 c*areer [kaTig(r)]几事业；职业沅.猛冲；疾驰
❹ When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea."当问及他们将来想做什
么的时候，应该打消他们回答“我不知道”的念头c
When
—级修饰 (they are) asked what they want to do,
〔When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 they should be discouraged (主+谓)
[介词短语作状语
from
—级修饰 saying "I have no i*d*ea.
[词汇注释：d*iscourage [dis kAndg] 打消... 的念头；阻止;使丧失信心
❺ They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.他们可以不断改变
主意，但是对未来只有模糊的构想可没有什么好处。
(1) They can change th^irminds 200 times,(主+谓+宾)
句子主干 :but连接的并列句，表转折
(2) but having only a fbggy view...is of little good.(主+系+表)
，介词短语作后置定语，修饰a foggy view
of
—级修饰 the future
词汇注释 foggy [ *fogi ] a.模糊的；多雾的
131….第四段…"
。Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn； parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work.
老师负责教孩子如何学习，父母则应该负责教他们如何工作。
（1） Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn;（主+系+表）
句子主干 I并列句
（2） parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work.（主+系+表）
；要点注释:介词短语 for teaching kids how to learn 和 for teaching them how to work 均作状语，表对象。
❷ Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met.给孩子安排一些家务并且确保
他们按时完成家庭作业。
（l）Assign responsibilities around the house （祈使句：谓+宾）
|and连接的并列句
句子主干 （2）and make sure （祈使句：谓+宾从）
j省略引导词（that ）的宾语从句，作make sure的宾语
homework deadlines are met.
「词「汇洼籍■ a*ssign [a-sam] m布置（任务等）；分配;指派 d*eadline [ dedlam] n.最后期限；截止日期
❸ Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.鼓励青少年做兼职。
句子主干 Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.（祈使句：谓+宾+宾补）
❹ Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time
and setting priorities.孩子需要大量实践延迟自我满足和使用有效的组织技巧，比如管理时间与分清事情的轻重
缓急。
句子主干 Kids need plenty of practice （主+谓+宾）
[现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰practice
delaying
gratification
一级修饰 | and连接并列的现在分词短语
and deploying skills,
effective organizational
such as...举例说明skilist
such as
二级修饰 managing time and setting priorities.
■WfEa释:d*elay [drlei] m延迟;延期n.延误的时间 deploy [drpbi] 有效地利用;部署;调动
"•••第五段••-
❶Playing video games encourages immediate content.玩电子游戏会促使孩子追求即时的满足感。
句子主干 Playing video games encourages immechate content.（主+谓+宾）
❷ And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. 看几
个小时带预录笑声的电视节目只会教孩子被动地处理信息。
132And hours of watching TV shows...only teaches kids (主+谓+宾+宾补)
句子主干 T [动词不定式短语作&ds的补足语
to process
information
介词短语作后置定语，修饰TV shows
with
canned laughter
一级修饰 介词短语作process的方式状语
in
a passive way.
canned
词汇注释 [k&nd] a.（广播、电视节目中的音乐、笑声、掌声）预先录制好的;罐装的；听装的
earphones monotonous
❸ At the same time, listening through to the same beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay
bubble endeavors.
inside their instead of pursuing other 同时，长时间通过耳机听重复且单调的节奏也会导致孩子
沉浸于自己的幻想中，而不去做其他努力。
At
—级修饰 the same time,
:介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 listening...to the same monotonous beats...encourages kids to stay inside their bubble
:要点注释«句子主干为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。
earphone m* onotonous [
;词汇洼盛 [ -isfaun] n.耳机；听筒 ma notgnas] a.单调乏味的；毫无变化的
b*ubble e*ndeavor [
[bAbl] n.幻想；气泡 vi.冒泡 in de vs (r) ] n. /v.努力；尽力
❹ All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to
sustained concentration
develop the kind of they will need for most jobs.所有这些活动都会阻碍孩子重要交际和
思考能力的发展，同时也会使他们很难养成大多数工作所需要的持久注意力。
一级修饰
句子主干
一级修饰
:要点注释I 该句中的for kids to...concentration为不定式的复合结构，其中for引出不定式的逻辑主语kids。
sustained concentration
:词汇注释: [sa-stemd] a.持久的，持续的 [ (konsn-treijn] n.注意力；集中
….第六段.…
inadequacy.
❶ They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of 孩子应该知道如何应对挫折、压力
和无法胜任工作之感。
133句子主干 They should know howJo^eaHvhh^eAacks^tresses^id^feelings (主+谓+宾)
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰feelings
of
一级修饰 inadequacy.
inadequacy
:词汇注释 [ m aedikwgsi]几无法胜任；不充分;能力不足
resolve brainstorm
❷ They should also leam how to solve problems and conflicts, ways to and think critically.他们也应
该学会如何解决问题和化解冲突，学会集思广益和批判性地思考问题。
They should also leam how to solve problems and resolve conflicts,(主+谓+宾)
句子主干 I并列宾语
ways to brainstorm and (to) think critically.
:要点注释：并列宾语ways to...critically中，动词不定式to brainstorm和(to) think critically均作后置定语，
修饰ways。
r*esolve brainstorm
词汇洼祢. [n zdIv] vt.解决 [，breinst°：m] v.集思广益 n.灵感;一时糊涂
apply to
❸ Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them these skills everyday life
situations.家庭成员之间的讨论可以帮助孩子锻炼做这些事情的能力，并帮助他们把这些技能应用在日常生活
情形中。
Discussions at home can help kids (to) practice doing these things (主+谓+宾+宾补)
句子主干 | and连接的并列结构
and
(can) help them (to) apply these skills to everyday life situations.
凄点注卷]该句中的and ( can) help them (to) apply... situations 中，(can ) help 作谓语，them 作宾语，(to )
apply... situations 作宾语补足语。
apply sth. to sth.
:南*：洼蒋' 应用;使用;把……涂于
••••第七段••••
O What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early
adulthood?那些已经长大成人，但在成年初期似乎仍苦苦挣扎、徘徊彷徨的孩子该怎么办呢？
句子主干 What about the son or daughter (特殊疑问句：What about +名词短语)
:who引导的定语从句，修饰the son or daughter
who
—级修饰 is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly
［介词短语作状语
through
二级修饰 early adulthood?
❷Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.父母仍然要扮演重要的角色，但是现在会更加微妙。
('Parents still have ajnajorrole to play,(主+谓+宾)
句子主干 | but连接的并列句，表转折 “
(2)but now it is more delicate.(主+系+表)
come across as
❸ They have to be careful not to disappointed in their child.他们要小心谨慎，不要表现出对孩子
的失望。
134句子主干 They have to be careful （主+系+表）
动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
—级修饰 not to come across as disappointed in their child.
come across as
词汇注释 看上去好像是....；给人的印象是
fledging naive
❹ They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their adult （as or ill
conceived as it may seem） while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future.对他们羽翼渐丰的（看似幼稚
或考虑不周的）孩子目前感兴趣的任何事情，父母都要表现出强烈的兴趣和尊重，同时要成为孩子在探索未来
生活道路上的搭档。
二级修饰 （as naive or ill conceived as it may seem）
解释说明 fledging adult |
for fledging adult
—级修饰 whatever currently interests their
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 They should exhibit 枣竺（主+谓+宾）
[while+现在分词短语结构，作句子主干的时间状语
while becoming
—级修饰 a partner in exploring options for the future.
;要点注释 介词短语for whatever...中,whatever引导的宾语从句,作介词for的宾语。
fledging n*aive [
\词汇注释 [-fledsirj] n.无经验的人;羽毛初长的雏鸟 nai i：v] a.幼稚的；天真的;轻信的
❺ Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.最重要
的是,必须让这些刚成年的孩子感受到来自欣赏他们的家人的尊重和支持。
一级修饰 Most of all,
___________ [插入语
these new adults must feel （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，[作must feel的宾语
that a family
they are respected and supported by
that引导的定语从句J修饰a family
that
—级修饰 appreciates them.
Part C
• • • • —■ •••«>“
recognized discipline
O The study of law has been for centuries as a basic intellectual in European universities. 几个世
纪以来，法律研究在欧洲各大学一直被看作是一门基础知识学科。
句子主干 The study of law has been recognized for centuries...in European universities.（主+谓）
[介词短语作The study of law的补足语
as
—级修饰 a basic intellectual discipline
r*ecognize [ d*iscipline [
:有正生祢 rekagnaiz] 认可;赞赏;辨别 disaphn] n.学科;纪律;训练诅训导
❷ However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 然而，只是
在最近几年里，它才成为加拿大大学本科教育的一项特色。
135However,
一级修饰 插入语
only in recent years
“ ［介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 has it become 匝史竺匹垩竺矍理四巫卫史史? 5 段（倒装句：助动词+主+系+表）
［介词短语作后置定语，修饰undergraduate programs
in
一级修饰 Canadian universities.
： only位于句首且强调状语时，句子要使用部分倒装。本句正常的语序为However, it has become a
feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities only in recent years o
preserve
❸ Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special of lawyers, rather than a
equipment
necessary part of the intellectual of an educated person.传统上，这些院校一直把法律学习视为律师的
专利，而不是受教育者知识储备的必要组成部分。
in
一级修饰 such institutions
[介词短语作地点状语
句子主干 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed （主+谓）
[介词短语作legal learning的补足语
as
the special preserve of lawyers,
一级修饰 | rather than连接并列的介词短语，肯定前者，否定后者
rather than （as） the intellectual equipment
a necessary part of
介词短语作后置定语，|修饰the intellectual equipment
of
二级修饰 an educated person.
p*reserve e*quipment [
:词汇洼释： [pn z3：v] n.专门领域;保护区怵维护;保持 i kwipmant] n.设备;装备
❹ Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universi
ties and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.可喜的是，加拿大的许多大学正在树立更传
统、更具欧洲大陆特色的法律教育观点，有些大学甚至已经开始授予法律学士学位。
in
a number of Canadian universities
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
of
legal education
介词短语作后置定语，修饰view]
（1） Happily, the older and more continental view...is establishing itself （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.（主+谓+宾）
*• • • • •••
O part and parcel
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as of a general education, its aims and methods
appeal to
should directly journalism educators.如果法律研究正开始成为普通教育不可或缺的一部分，那么它的
目标和方法应该会直接吸引新闻学教育者。
as
part and parcel of a general education,
一级修饰 介词短语作itself的补足语
If itself
the study of law is beginning to establish
[if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.（主+谓+宾）
136part and parcel appeal to
书汇注将: 重要或主要部分;基本部分 对....有吸引力；呼吁;上诉
❷Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.法律是一门鼓励做出负责任的判断的学科。
句子主干 Law is adiscipline （主+系+表）
| which引导的定语从印，修饰a discipline
which
—级修饰 encourages responsible judgment.
❸ On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom, —方面，它为分析
诸如公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。
—级修饰 On the one hand,
___________ !插入语
句子主干 it provides opportunities （主+谓+宾）
j动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰opportunities
to
—级修饰 analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.
in a manner is parallel to forge
❹ On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities which the links journalists
cover
on a daily basis as they and comment on the news.另一方面，法律将这些概念和日常实际相结合，正如新闻
记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法一样。
—级修饰 On the other,
[插入语
句子主干 it links these concepts （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作状语J表对象
— to
everyday realities
一级修饰 介词短语作方式状语
in a manner
[which引导的定语从句，修饰a manner
which the links
二级修饰 is parallel to
省略关系词(which/that )的定语从句J修饰the links
三级修饰 journalists forge on a daily basis
[as引导的时间状语从句
as
四级修饰 they cover and comment on the news.
in a manner be parallel to
。司汇座释 以某种方式;在某种意义上;在一定程度上 与……类似;与……平行
f*orge c*over [
[foids] vt.建立;形成;锻造;伪造n.铁匠铺 -kAva(r) ] vt.报道;覆盖
notions at work
❺ For example, of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are in the process of journalistic
judgment and production just as in courts of law.比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公共利益这样的概念在新闻
判断和新闻制作过程中能发挥作用，就如同它们在法庭上一样。
句子主干 For example, n oti□ns...are at work (主+系+表)
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰notions
of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest
介词短语作句子主干的状语
一级修饰 in the process of journalistic judgment and production
介词短语作句子主干的方式状语
just as in courts of law.
137n*[otion nsujn] at work
词汇注释： n.概念;信念;理解 起作用;忙着（做某事）
❻
Sharpening reflecting on
judgment by absorbing and law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation
for his or her career.通过理解和思考法律来提高判断力是一名新闻记者值得为其事业做的一项知识准备。
句子主干 Sharpening judgment...is ad^raHecomponent （主+系+表）
[介词短语作方式状语 “
by
absorbing and reflecting on law
—级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰a desirable component
of
a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.
sharpen reflect on
"司汇注鲂 [gpon] v.提高;加强；（使）变得锋利 认真思考;影响....声誉
*•••第三段
rests on
。But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen an understanding
conventions
of the established and special responsibilities of the news media.但是，"新闻记者必须比普通公民更深
入地了解法律”这种观点,是建立在对新闻媒体既定规约和特殊责任的理解上的。
than
二级修饰 an ordinary citizen
:than...作比较状语
that
—级修饰 the journalist must understand the law more profoundly
[that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the idea
句子主干 But the idea...rests on 空JJJ喳£迎（主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰an understanding
of
—级修饰 the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
rest on sth. c*onvention [
商汇洼蒋【 以……为基础；基于 kan ven/n] n.公约；常规；习俗;惯例;大会
❷ Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists.政治，或者更广泛地说，国家
职能的行使,是新闻记者报道的一个主要方面。
句子主干 Politics or, ...the functioning of the state, is amagoi^subject for journalists.（主+系+表）
___________ [插入语
—级修饰 more broadly,
informed
❸ The better they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.他们对国家运作的方式
越了解，他们的报道就越优秀。
二级修饰 the state works,
省略（in which ）或关系词（that）的定语从句,，修饰the way
the way
—级修饰 The better informed they are about
[比较状语从句，作句子主干的比较状语
句子主干 the better their reporting will be.（表+主+系）
本句使用了“the +比较级……,the +比较级……”结构，表示一方的程度随另一方的变化而变化。
词无洼洛 informed [nrfwmd] a. 了解情况的;有学问的；清见识的
grasp
❹ In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution
competent
can do a job on political stories.事实上，很难想象,那些对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清晰理解的新
闻记者如何能够胜任政治新闻的报道工作。
138—级修饰 In fact,
___________ ]插入语
it is difficult （主+系+表）
句子主干 jit为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
to journalists...
see how can do a •competent job on political stories.
[who引导的定语从句，修饰journalists
who the basic features
—级修饰 do not have a clear grasp of
介词短语作后置定语，j修饰the basic features
of
二级修饰 the Canadian Constitution
动词不定式短语to see...中，how引导的宾语从句作see的宾语。
g*rasp c*ompetent [
-词色蒋 [graisp] n.理解；把握vt.抓住；领会 -kompitant] a.足以胜任的；有能力的
...第四段
occur
❶ Furthermore, the legal system and the events which within it are primary subjects for journalists.此外，法律体系
以及其中发生的事件是新闻记者报道的基本主题。
—级修饰 Furthermore,
___________ [插入语
句子主干 the legal system and the events...are理业埋堂?咀竺？（主+系+表）
which引导的定语从句J修饰the events
which
occur within it
—级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰primary subjects
for
journalists.
o*ccur
:WjilSS : [9.k3：（r）]航.发生;出现;存在于
undue reliance
❷ While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an amongst many joumalists on interpretations
supplied to them by lawyers.虽然与法律相关的新闻报道的性质差异很大，但是许多新闻记者都过分依赖律师提
供给他们的解释C
of
二级修饰 legal journalism
，介词短语作后置定语，修饰the quality
While the quality..
一级修饰 .varies greatly,
〔While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 there is an undue reliance （There be句型：there + is + 主）
" [介词短语作状语
amongst
many joumalists
—级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰an undue reliance
on interpretations
[过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰interpretations
supplied
二级修饰 to them by lawyers.
undue r*eliance [
:商定洼蒋. [|An，dju:] a.过分的；过度的;不适当的 rrlaisns] n.依赖;信任
139preferable rely on
❸ While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is for journalists to their own
notions of significance and make their own judgments.尽管律师提供的见解和反馈可能会提升新闻报道的质量，但
是新闻记者凭借自己对其重要性的理解做出判断则更为可取。
While
—级修饰 comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,
:While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
it is preferable （主+系+表）
[it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
句子主干 for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance
| and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and （to）
make their own judgments.
:罢点注馨:for...judgments 中，介词 for 引出并列的动词不定式短语 to rely...significance 和（to） make...judgments
的逻辑主语journalistso
p*referable [ rely on
:词汇洼寐'、、 prefrabl] a.更可取的，更好的;更合意的 凭借;依靠;依赖;信任
well-grounded
❹ These can only come from a understanding of the legal system.而这些判断只能来自对法律体系的充
分理解。
句子主干 These can only come from a well-grounded understanding （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，:修饰a well-grounded understanding
of
—级修饰 the legal system.
well-grounded
:商汇注洛《 有充分根据的;基础扎实的
140
