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选择性必修第三册 UNIT 8 LITERATURE(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
What does it mean to cry over a book？“I’m a reader who did not weep.” Ruth
Graham，a well-known critic，wrote.“Does this make me heartless？Or does it make me a
grown-up？”
Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel.Readers have
always asked about the role that emotion plays in reading：What does it mean to be deeply moved
by a book？Which books are worthy objects of our feelings?
In different times，people answered those questions in different ways.In the 18th century，
when the novel was still a new form，crying was a sign of readers’ virtue.“Sentimental”
novels，full of touching scenes，gave readers an occasion to exercise their “finer feelings”．
Your tear proved your susceptibility(易感性) to the suffering of others.
At that time，sentimental novels were hugely popular，but also easy to attack.Tears，after
all，had no necessary connection to actual virtue，and they could be fake.There could also be too
many of them.As the critic John Mullan points out，by the end of the eighteenth century，the
word “sentimental” had acquired a new meaning “addicted to indulgence( 沉 溺 ) in
superficial(肤浅的) emotion”—bringing it closer to the meaning that it has for us today.
In the 19th century the meaning of tears evolved in two different directions.Some writers
sought to waken “higher” feelings in their readers：Victorian sentimentalists wrote touching
scenes in an effort to inspire social and political reform.However，the “sensation” novel，a
different type of Victorian best-seller ， showed that tears could be enjoyable in
themselves.Sensation novels were the forerunners(先导) of the modern thriller and mystery.Heavy
on secrets，and madness，they were known for creating physical “sensations” in their readers
—trembling，a fast beating heart，and tears.But these were tears without moral purpose or effect.
Today’s debate about crying while reading looks back on all of this history.The debate，in
fact，is about why books matter to us，and what reading is “for”．Talking about what makes
us cry is a way of talking about ourselves.
1．What was people’s attitude towards crying over novels in the early 18th century?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclearing. D．Worried.
2．What can we know about “sensation” novels according to paragraph 5?
A．They were similar to the modern thriller and mystery.
B．They were the same as sentimental novels.
C．They were aimed for social and political reform.D．They were intended to amuse the readers.
3．How does the author present this text?
A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time. D．By following the order of importance.
4．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Crying While Reading Through Centuries B．The History of the Novel
C．Sentimental Novels & Sensation Novels D．Why Books Matter to Us
B
A new study found some primates(灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more
time on the ground.Led by Timothy Eppley ，PhD，scientists studied nearly 50 species of
monkeys and lemurs(狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago，Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs，which were known to
spend most of their days in the trees，feeding on bamboo leaves.However，he was surprised to
find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet.He
wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them to
move to the ground.This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates
from Madagascar or the Americas，the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15
lemur species at 68 sites.He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the
ground each month.But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens，primates that are flexible enough to
adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the
ground，” Eppley says.“However，other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups
are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the trees.For these species，we will still need to
enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations，primates can face
problems when they leave the trees.They can become victims of other animals and
diseases.Besides，they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground，thus
having a broad or flexible diet is important.Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest
habitats.The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
5．Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study?
A．To try to make primates more adaptive.
B．To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
C．To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
D．To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
6．How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research?A．By doing experiments. B．By observing in the wild.
C．By studying collected data. D．By interviewing the locals.
7．Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees?
A．Those eating diverse diets. B．Those with a large size.
C．Those feeding mainly on fruits. D．Those living in small groups.
8．What will become a concern according to the study?
A．Animals will become less adaptive. B．The forest ecosystem will become worse.
C．More natural habitats will be lost. D．More animal-related diseases will appear.
Ⅱ.完形填空
For a little girl growing up in Colombia ， a science career with NASA may seem
impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory
2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it？
That’s a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science.But she
doubted how far she’d be able to 6 in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send
her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade
College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 .But she
didn’t 10 .“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的)
woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s
Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February，when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13
by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language 14 .
Trujillo’s own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of
opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
1．A.astronaut B．pilot C．engineer D．guide
2．A.eager B．responsible C．concerned D．grateful
3．A.actually B．hardly C．accurately D．repeatedly
4．A.innovation B．kindness C．passion D．sympathy
5．A.certain B．approved C．afraid D．fond
6．A.respond B．rise C．invest D．apply
7．A.made up B．turned up C．picked up D．took up
8．A.measures B．activities C．jobs D．courses
9．A.studies B．purchases C．recreations D．trips10．A.clarify B．fear C．perceive D．complain
11．A.applied B．admitted C．assigned D．introduced
12．A.originated B．generated C．landed D．waited
13．A.accompanied B．distracted C．estimated D．occupied
14．A.theory B．broadcast C．comment D．performance
15．A.career B．information C．competence D．proof
Ⅲ.语法填空
In Ningbo city，a young woman has made the bamboo product brand of her family’s
company famous around the world,1. (help) a fair number of bamboo farmers
increase their income.
Wang Xiaoqing，born in the 1990s,2. (find) that in the US，Chinese bamboo
products were popular among customers,3. many of them carried foreign brands，
despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”．She decided to return to China and build a
bamboo product brand after finishing her education abroad in 2013.
In 2018，a bamboo table 4. (produce) by the company of Wang’s family
shined at the first Global Bamboo Congress.“5. fascinates westerners is the
Chinese bamboo culture and its long history.It provides a sound foundation for the global 6.
(expand) of China’s bamboo industry，” Wang said.Her company is 7. (current)
engaged in the design，manufacturing and sales of bamboo products.It produces over 10 million
bamboo products each year,85 percent of which 8. (sell) in the global market.
Serving 9. vice president of the entrepreneurship promotion association for
returned overseas students in Ningbo city，Wang plans to contribute more to rural vitalization.“I
hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get 10.
(rich)，” Wang said.
