文档内容
2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
Unit 1 Time to Relax 单元重点知识
一、词汇巩固
(一)核心名词(休闲活动 & 兴趣相关)
1. calligraphy/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ (n.) 书法
例:Yaming spends an hourpracticing calligraphy every evening—heeven learned towrite
Li Bai’s poems with proper single strokes.(亚明每天晚上花一小时练书法,他甚至学会
了用规范的单笔书写李白的诗。)
2. hobby/ˈhɒbi/(n.) 爱好
例:Collecting postcards isMaya’sfavorite hobby, and shehas over 100from 32countries.
(收集明信片是马娅最喜欢的爱好,她有来自 32 个国家的 100 多张明信片。)
3. programming /ˈprəʊɡræmɪŋ/(n.) 编写程序
例:Teng Fei isinterested inprogramming; hedreams ofmaking an app that helps students
findstudypartners, justlikeLuca’s Italian-learning app.(腾飞对编写程序感兴趣,他梦
想开发一个能帮学生找学习伙伴的应用,就像卢卡的意大利语学习应用一样。)
4. postcard /ˈpəʊstkɑːd/ (n.) 明信片
例:Maya’s postcard collection includes aspecial one oftheMogao Caves—her dad sent it
toher whenshewas five, and now it’sthe mostprecious piece in her album.(马娅的明信
片收藏里有一张莫高窟的特别明信片,是她五岁时爸爸送的,现在成了她相册里最
珍贵的一张。)
5. instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)/ (n.) 教练;指导者
例:Emma’s iceskating instructornot only taught her basicskillsbut also encouraged her
notto give up whenshe fell.(埃玛的滑冰教练不仅教她基本技巧,还在她摔倒时鼓励
她不要放弃。)
6. stress/stres/ (n.) 精神压力;紧张
例:Many studentsfeel stress from heavy homework, so they need hobbies likeyoga or
paintingto reduceit.(很多学生因繁重的作业感到压力,所以需要瑜伽、画画等爱好
来缓解。)
7. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ (n.) 成就
第 1 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例:When Luca sawpeople from different countries usinghis app to learn Italian, hefelt a
strong senseofachievement.(当卢卡看到不同国家的人用他的应用学意大利语时,他
感到强烈的成就感。)
8. ink/ɪŋk/(n.) 墨水
例:Yaming likesthe smellof inkwhen hedoes calligraphy—itmakes him feel relaxed.
(亚明练书法时喜欢墨水的味道,这能让他感到放松。)
(二)重点动词(活动参与 & 情绪调节)
1. takeup开始培养(爱好);从事
例:Petertook upplaying theguitar last month—his dad teaches him onweekends, and he
practices for30minutesevery day after school.(彼得上个月开始学弹吉他,爸爸周末
教他,他每天放学后练 30 分钟。)
2. giveup放弃
例:FuXing used tobescared ofwater, but shedidn’t give up—she kept practicing and
finallylearned to swim.(傅星以前怕水,但她没有放弃,坚持练习,最后学会了游泳。)
3. getover 克服(困难);解决(问题)
例:FuXingused to be scared ofwater, but shegot over her fear bytaking swimming
lessons—nowshe goes swimming every Saturday.(傅星以前怕水,但她通过上游泳课
克服了恐惧,现在每周六都去游泳。)
4. express/ɪkˈspres/ (v.) 表达;表示
例:Helen loves painting becauseit helps her express herhappiness orsadness when she
can’t put her feelings into words.(海伦喜欢画画,因为当她无法用语言表达情绪时,
画画能帮她传递喜怒哀乐。)
5. reduce/rɪˈdjuːs/ (v.) 减少;降低
例:Listening to soft musiccan reduce stress, and hiking in nature also works well for
many people.(听轻音乐能减压,去大自然徒步对很多人来说也很有效。)
6. dreamof 梦想;渴望
例:Maya dreams oftraveling to allthe places onher postcards, especially theMogao
Caves in Dunhuang.(马娅梦想去她明信片上所有的地方旅行,尤其是敦煌莫高窟。)
7. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ (v.) 完成(困难的事);管理
第 2 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例:Yamingfound it hard to hold thebrush correctly at first, buthe managed to masterit
after two weeks ofpractice.(刚开始亚明觉得很难握对毛笔,但经过两周练习,他成
功掌握了握笔技巧。)
(三)关键形容词(感受 & 活动特征)
1. scared/skeəd/(adj.) 害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的
例:Emmawas scared of iceskating at first because shefell many times, but shebecame
bravewith her instructor’s help.(埃玛一开始怕滑冰,因为摔了很多次,但在教练的帮
助下变得勇敢了。)
2. relaxed/rɪˈlækst/(adj.) 放松的
例:Shuyin feels relaxed when sherides her horseNini—shecan forget all herschool
worries whilebeing inthe quietfarm.(舒音骑她的马妮妮时感到很放松,在安静的农
场里,她能忘记所有学业烦恼。)
3. creative/kriˈeɪtɪv/ (adj.) 有创造力的
例:Lucais creative—insteadof doing traditional hobbies likepainting, he makes mobile
apps tohelp others learn languages.(卢卡很有创造力,他不做画画这类传统爱好,而
是开发手机应用帮别人学语言。)
4. old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃənd/ (adj.) 过时的;守旧的
例:Somepeople thinkcollecting postcards is old-fashioned, butMaya thinks they’re a
special way tokeep memories ofdifferent places.(有些人觉得收集明信片过时了,但马
娅认为它们是保存不同地方记忆的特别方式。)
5. difficult/ˈdɪfɪkəlt/(adj.) 困难的
例:Playing theguitar was difficult for Peterat first—his fingers hurt, and he couldn’t
remember thechords, but he didn’t give up.(刚开始弹吉他对彼得来说很难,手指疼,
还记不住和弦,但他没有放弃。)
二、词形变换
1. create (v. 创 造 ) → creative (adj. 有 创 造 力 的 ) → creation (n. 创 造 物 )
→creatively (adv. 创造性地)
例:Luca likesto create useful apps forlanguage learning.(卢卡喜欢为语言学习开发实
用的应用。)
第 3 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
Heis oneofthe mostcreativestudents in his school—healways has new ideas for apps.
(他是学校里最有创造力的学生之一,总能想出应用开发的新点子。)
TheItalian-learningapp ishis latest creation, and it’s popular among students worldwide.
(这个意大利语学习应用是他最新的作品,在全球学生中很受欢迎。)
Shesolves problems creatively byusing herprogramming skills todesign newtools(. 她通
过编程技能创造性地解决问题,设计新工具。)
2. relax (v. 放松) → relaxed (adj. 感到放松的) → relaxing (adj. 令人放松的)
→relaxation(n. 放松)
例:Yaming relaxes bypracticing calligraphy everyevening after study.(亚明每天晚上
学习后通过练书法放松。)
Aftera long sessionof calligraphy, hefeels relaxed andcalm.(练完很长时间书法后,他
感到放松又平静。)
Calligraphy isa relaxingactivity that helps people calm down when stressed(. 书法是能让
人平静的放松活动,帮人在压力大时平复情绪。)
Weall need enoughrelaxation after a busy week of schoolwork.(忙碌一周的学业后,我
们都需要充足的放松时间。)
3. achieve (v. 实现;取得) → achievement (n. 成就) → achievable (adj. 可实现的)
→successfully (adv. 成功地)
例:Lucaachieved hisgoal of helping others learn Italian through hisapp.(卢卡通过应
用实现了帮别人学意大利语的目标。)
Seeing users’positivefeedback gives him astrong senseof achievement.(看到用户的积
极反馈,他感到强烈的成就感。)
Withdaily practice, learning calligraphyis achievablefor mostpeople.(只要每天练习,
大多数人都能学会书法。)
Yaming successfully mastered single strokes after threeweeks of hard work.(经过三周努
力,亚明成功掌握了单笔书写。)
4. express (v. 表达) → expression (n. 表达;表情) → expressive (adj. 善于表达的)
→expressively(adv. 富有表现力地)
例:Helen expresses herfeelings through painting whenwords fail her.(当语言无法表达
时,海伦通过画画传递情绪。)
第 4 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
Herpaintings are full ofexpression—everyonecan feel herjoy or sadness from thecolors.
(她的画充满情感表达,每个人都能从色彩中感受到她的喜怒哀乐。)
Sheisan expressive artist who uses brush strokes toshowher ideas.(她是个善于表达的
艺术家,用笔触传递想法。)
Peterplayed the guitar expressively at theschool party, and theaudience was deeply
moved.(彼得在学校派对上弹吉他富有表现力,观众被深深打动。)
5. difficult (adj. 困难的) → difficulty (n. 困难) → more difficult (比较级) → most
difficult(最高级)
例:The first step oflearning iceskating is difficult for beginners.(对初学者来说,学滑
冰的第一步很难。)
Emmafaced many difficulties when shestarted iceskating, likefalling and feeling scared.
(埃玛刚开始学滑冰时遇到很多困难,比如摔倒和害怕。)
Programmingis more difficult thanpaintingfor most students, butit’s morecreative.(对
大多数学生来说,编程比画画难,但更有创造力。)
Themostdifficult part ofcollecting postcards is finding rare ones from small countries.
(收集明信片最难的部分是找到小众国家的稀有明信片。)
三、重点短语
1. takeupa hobby开始培养爱好
例:Jason wants to takeupa newhobby this semester, sohe’s considering calligraphy or
hiking.(贾森这学期想培养一个新爱好,所以在考虑书法或徒步。)
2. giveup放弃
例:Don’t give uplearning to play theflute—even ifyour fingers hurt, keep practicing, and
you’llget better.(别放弃学吹长笛,即使手指疼,坚持练习,你会进步的。)
3. getover 克服(困难);解决(问题)
例:Withher instructor’s help, Emmagot over her fear of iceskating and cannowskate
smoothly.(在教练的帮助下,埃玛克服了对滑冰的恐惧,现在能滑得很流畅。)
4. inreturn 作为回报
例:Yaming agreed toteach Peterto write apoem in calligraphy, and Peteroffered to
teach him to playasimpleguitar song in return.(亚明同意教彼得用书法写一首诗,彼
得提出教他弹一首简单的吉他曲作为回报。)
第 5 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
5. asenseofachievement成就感
例:WhenMaya added the100th postcard toher album, shefelt a strong senseof
achievement.(当马娅往相册里加第 100 张明信片时,她感到强烈的成就感。)
6. dealwith stress 应对压力
例:Many students deal withstudystress bydoinghobbies likeyoga, painting, or listening
tomusic.(很多学生通过瑜伽、画画、听音乐等爱好应对学习压力。)
7. dreamof 梦想;渴望
例:Maya dreams oftraveling to every placeshown onherpostcards, andshe’s saving
money forher first trip to Dunhuang.(马娅梦想去她明信片上所有的地方旅行,正在存
钱准备第一次去敦煌。)
8. onceinawhile偶尔;间或
例:Teng Fei usually programs inhis free time, but once in awhilehegoes hiking withhis
familyto enjoy nature.(腾飞空闲时通常编程,但偶尔会和家人去徒步,享受自然。)
9. goonanouting 外出游玩;远足
例:Shuyin’s family goes onan outingeverySunday—sometimes theygo to thefarm to
ridehorses, and sometimes they hikein themountains.(舒音一家每周日都去郊游,有时
去农场骑马,有时去山里徒步。)
10. giveitago试一试
例:WhenPeter invitedYaming totry playing theguitar, Yaming said, “I’venever played
itbefore, but I’llgive ita go.”(当彼得邀请亚明试试弹吉他时,亚明说:“我从没弹过,
但我会试试。”)
四、重点句型
1. 谈论日常休闲活动(频率 + 动作 + 目的):Sb.usually /often/every + 时间 + does
sth.inone’s freetime. /Sb. spends+ 时间 + (in)doingsth. to + 目的.
例:Teng Fei usually programs in his room every evening after finishinghomework.(腾
飞每天晚上做完作业后,通常在房间里编程。)
Shuyin spends two hours riding her horseNini every weekend to relax and enjoy nature.
(舒音每周花两小时骑她的马妮妮,为了放松和享受自然。)
2. 说明爱好的目的(动作 + 目的):Sb. does sth.to + 动词原形(目的)./Thereason
whysb. does sth.is to + 动词原形(目的).
第 6 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例:Yaming does calligraphy to relax after abusy day ofstudy.(亚明在忙碌的学习日过
后,通过练书法放松。)
Thereason why Luca makes mobileapps isto helppeople learn languages moreeasily.
(卢卡开发手机应用的原因,是为了帮人们更轻松地学语言。)
3. 描述爱好的起点(时间 + 动作):Sb. started doing sth. when sb. was + 年龄. / Sb.
firsttried sth.+ 时间状语,andit became sb.’s hobby later.
例:Maya started collecting postcards when shewas five—herdad sent her thefirstone
from Dunhuang.(马娅五岁时开始收集明信片,爸爸从敦煌给她寄了第一张。)
FuXing first tried swimming when she was ten, and itbecameherfavorite hobbyafter
shegot over her fear of water.(傅星十岁时第一次尝试游泳,克服怕水的恐惧后,游
泳成了她最喜欢的爱好。)
4. 表达克服爱好困难的过程(过去状态 + 转折 + 现在结果):Sb.used to be+ 困难
状态(如 scared /badat...),butsb. + 克服动作(如 practiced /got help),andnow
sb.+ 积极结果.
例:Emmaused to bescared of iceskating and fell many times,but she practiced every
weekend with herinstructor, and nowshecan skate smoothly.
(埃玛以前怕滑冰,摔了很多次,但她每周和教练一起练习,现在能滑得很流畅。)
Peterused tobebad at playing theguitar—his fingers hurt and he forgot chords, buthe
practiced for 30minutes everyday, and nowhe can play simplesongs.(彼得以前弹吉他
很差,手指疼还记不住和弦,但他每天练 30 分钟,现在能弹简单的曲子了。)
5. 提出尝试新爱好的建议(建议 + 理由):Whydon’tyou try + doingsth(. 爱好)?It’s
+ 积极特征(如 relaxing/fun),anditcan helpyou + 好处(如 reduce stress /make
friends).
例:Whydon’t you try doing calligraphy? It’s relaxing, and it can help you learn about
Chineseculture.(你为什么不试试练书法呢?它很让人放松,还能帮你了解中国文
化。)
Whydon’t you try collecting postcards? It’sfun, and it can help you learn about different
countries around theworld.(你为什么不试试收集明信片呢?它很有趣,还能帮你了
解世界各地的国家。)
6. 对比不同爱好的特点(A 与 B 的差异 + 共同好处):DoinghobbyAis+ 特征(如
creative /modern), while doing hobby B is + 另一特征(如 traditional /relaxing).
Bothcan + 共同好处.
第 7 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例:Programmingis creative and modern, while calligraphy is traditional andrelaxing.
Both can help you develop new skills.(编程有创造力且现代,而书法传统且放松,两
者都能帮你培养新技能。)
Collecting postcards isa quiet hobby that letsyou learn about culture, whilehiking is an
activehobbythat keeps you fit. Both can make your free timemeaningful(. 收集明信片是
能让你了解文化的安静爱好,而徒步是能让你保持健康的活跃爱好,两者都能让你
的休闲时间有意义。)
7. 描述爱好带来的积极感受(爱好 + 感受 + 原因):Doing sth. makes sb. feel + 感
受(如 relaxed /proud)because+ 原因(如 ithelpssb. .../itlets sb....).
例:Playing theguitar makes Peter feel proud becausehe can play songs forhis friends(. 弹
吉他让彼得感到自豪,因为他能给朋友弹曲子。)
Collecting postcards makes Maya feel happybecause itlets her learn about differentplaces.
(收集明信片让马娅感到开心,因为这让她了解不同的地方。)
五、重点语法
(一)动词不定式(Infinitives)
1. 核心用法
作目的状语:说明主句动作的 “目的”,常位于主句后,可译为 “为了……”,是单元
描述 “爱好目的” 的核心语法。
例:Iplay theflute to relax after study.(我学习后吹长笛是为了放松。——“放松” 是
“吹长笛” 的目的)They went tothe sportscentre to iceskate.(他们去运动中心是为了
滑冰。——“滑冰” 是 “去运动中心” 的目的)
作宾语补足语:补充说明 “宾语的动作或状态”,常见于 “主语 + 动词
(tell/ask/encourage/want 等)+ 宾语 + to do” 结构,单元中多出现于 “他人建议、
鼓励培养爱好” 的场景。
例:The instructortold Emmanot to giveup so easily.(教练告诉埃玛不要轻易放弃。
——“不要放弃” 补充说明 “埃玛” 的动作)Peter’s dad encouraged him to practice the
guitarevery day.(彼得的爸爸鼓励他每天练吉他。——“每天练吉他” 补充说明 “彼
得” 的动作)
2. 关键注意点
省略 to 的情况:感官动词(see/hear/watch 等)和使役动词(let/make/have 等)后
第 8 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
接宾语补足语时,不定式省略 to。
例:I sawmy motherpaintwhen Iwas young.(我小时候看到妈妈画画。——see 后省
略 to)Let mehelpyou with your calligraphy(. 让我帮你练书法吧。——let 后省略 to)
“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构:what/how/where/when 等疑问词可与不定式连用,构成名
词性短语,在句中作主语、宾语等,单元中多出现于 “询问爱好相关的方法” 场景。
例:I don’t knowhow to usethis brush.(我不知道怎么用这支毛笔。—— 作宾语)
Whatto doinfree time is aquestion for many students(. 空闲时做什么是很多学生的疑
问。—— 作主语)
否定式:由 “not +to+ 动词原形” 构成,用于表达 “不建议、禁止的动作”,单元中
多出现于 “爱好相关的提醒”。
例:My parents told me not to push myself too hard when practicing the piano.(爸妈告
诉我练钢琴时不要太勉强自己。)The instructorwarned Emmanottobeafraid offalling.
(教练提醒埃玛不要怕摔倒。)
(二)一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)
1. 核心用法
描述过去的爱好经历:表示过去某个时间发生的 “短暂动作” 或存在的 “状态”,常
与明确的过去时间状语(yesterday, lastweek, when sb. was... 等)连用。
例:Yaming started doing calligraphy when he was ten.(亚明十岁时开始练书法。
——“开始” 是过去的短暂动作)Maya received her first postcard from her dad five
years ago.(五年前,马娅收到了爸爸送的第一张明信片。——“收到” 是过去的短暂
动作)
否定句与疑问句:
例:Emma didn’t want to go ice skating again at first.(刚开始埃玛不想再去滑冰了。
—— 否定句:didn’t + 动词原形)DidTeng Fei gohikinglast weekend?(腾飞上周末
去徒步了吗?—— 疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形)
(三)一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)
1. 单元高频用法
描述经常性、习惯性的休闲活动:常与 every day, usually, often, onweekends 等频率
状语连用,是单元 “谈论日常爱好” 的核心语法。
例:ChenJiedoes yoga every evening to reducestress(. 陈洁每天晚上练瑜伽减压。——
第 9 页 共 10 页2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
经常性动作)Teng Fei usuallyprograms inhis free time.(腾飞空闲时通常编程。——
习惯性动作)
描述爱好的客观特征或好处:表示 “客观事实”,不随时间变化,单元中用于说明 “爱
好的普遍价值”。
例:Calligraphy helpspeoplerelax.(书法帮人们放松。—— 客观好处)Postcards are a
good wayto learn about different places.(明信片是了解不同地方的好方式。—— 客观
特征)
2. 第三人称单数变化
主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it, 单数名词等)时,谓语动词需变化,规则如下:①
一般动词加 -s(如 likes, practices, programs);② 以 s, x,sh,ch 结尾的动词加 - es
(如 watches, finishes);③ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词变 y 为 i 加 - es(如
studies,tries)。
例:Luca creates useful apps.(卢卡开发实用的应用。)Shuyin rides her horse every
weekend.(舒音每周骑她的马。)
第 10 页 共 10 页