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绝密★启用前
2010 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a
global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic 1 by the
WorldHealthOrganizationin41years.
The heightened alert 2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva
that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising 3 in Britain,
Japan, Chile and elsewhere.
But the epidemic is “ 4 ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the
organization’s director general, 5 the overwhelming majority of patients
experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the 6 of any
medical treatment.
The outbreak cameto global 7 in lateApril 2009, whenMexicanauthorities
noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.
As much of Mexico City shut down atthe height of a panic, cases began to 9 in
NewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.
In the United States, new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather
arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was 11 flu
activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new
swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has 13 more
than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000
hospitalizations.
Federal health officials 14 Tamiflu for children from the national
stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.
The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is 16 ahead
of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early
October 2009, though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray
type, which is not 18 for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with
breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19 . But it was still
possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers,
people 20 infants and healthy young people.
英语（二）试题 .1 .（共14页）1.[A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated
2.[A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted
3.[A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums
4.[A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme
5.[A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by
6.[A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor
7.[A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice
8.[A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to
9.[A]stayup [B]cropup [C]fillup [D]coverup
10.[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until
11.[A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent
12.[A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples
13.[A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected
14.[A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained
15.[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving
16.[A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable
17.[A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial
18.[A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced
19.[A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings
20.[A]involved in [B]caringfor [C]concernedwith [D]wardingoff
Section II Reading Comprehension
PartA
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,
B, CorD.Markyour answersonANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
英语（二）试题 .2 .（共14页）Text1
The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note
with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at
Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008.All but two pieces sold, fetching more
than £70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the
auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,
LehmanBrothers,filedfor bankruptcy.
The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising
bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons
Clare McAndrew,founder ofArts Economics, a research firm – double the figure five
years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market
generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,
enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other
industries.
In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort
became deeplyunfashionable. In theartworld thatmeant collectorsstayed away from
galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most
overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008.
Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had
to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with
them.
The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped
buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are
about40% down ontheirpeak on average,though somehavebeen far morefluctuant.
But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at
thebottom.”
What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still
buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report
said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of
good work to sell. The three Ds – death, debt and divorce – still deliver works of art
to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for
confidencetoreturn.
英语（二）试题 .3 .（共14页）21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory”
because_____.
[A]theartmarkethadwitnessed asuccessionofvictories
[B]theauctioneerfinallygot thetwopiecesatthehighestbids
[C]BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpieces
[D]itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis
22.Bysaying“spendingofanysort becamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),
theauthorsuggeststhat_____.
[A]collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctions
[B]peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayed awayfrom galleries
[C]artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextent
[D]worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashion sotheywerenotworthbuying
23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
[A]Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.
[B]Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.
[C]Theartmarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.
[D]Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.
24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare______.
[A]auctionhouses’favorites
[B]contemporarytrends
[C]factorspromotingartworkcirculation
[D]stylesrepresentingImpressionists
25.Themostappropriatetitlefor thistextcouldbe______.
[A]FluctuationofArtPrices
[B]Up-to-dateArtAuctions
[C]ArtMarketinDecline
[D]ShiftedInterestinArts
英语（二）试题 .4 .（共14页）Text2
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room – a
women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man
had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his
wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I
commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.
This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “She’s
the talker in our family.” The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and
hurt. “It’s true,” he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say.
Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”
This episode crystallizes the irony that althoughAmerican men tend to talk more
than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is
wreakinghavocwithmarriage.
The pattern was observed by political scientistAndrew Hacker in the late 1970s.
Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that
most of the women she interviewed – but only a few of the men – gave lack of
communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of
nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year –
avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.
In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often
focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to
accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support
work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on
communication: “He doesn’t listen to me.” “He doesn’t talk to me.” I found, as
Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and
foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their
wives.
In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical
cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front
ofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.
英语（二）试题 .5 .（共14页）26.Whatismostwives’mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?
[A]Talkingtothem.
[B]Trustingthem.
[C]Supportingtheircareers.
[D]Sharinghousework.
27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para. 2) most
probablymeans______.
[A]generatingmotivation
[B]exertinginfluence
[C]causingdamage
[D]creatingpressure
28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT______.
[A]mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen
[B]nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation
[C]womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples
[D]afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse
29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?
[A]Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.
[B]Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.
[C]Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.
[D]Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwife aredifferent.
30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably
focuson______.
[A]avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk
[B]adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon
[C]otherpossiblereasonsfor ahighdivorcerateintheU.S.
[D]abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker
英语（二）试题 .6 .（共14页）Text3
Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating
automatic behaviors – habits – among consumers. These habits have helped
companiesearn billionsof dollars when customerseatsnacksor wipe countersalmost
withoutthinking, ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.
“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a
soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change
people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London
School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry
howtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to – Procter & Gamble, Colgate-
Palmolive and Unilever – had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the
subtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.
If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day
– chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers,
health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabricsofteners, vitamins– areresults of manufactured
habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.
Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans
habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with
Colgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.
A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then
beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office
workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought
primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener
and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of
morningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.
“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said
CarolBerning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble,
the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year.
“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s
essentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”
Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have
learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless
advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted
when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy
foods.
英语（二）试题 .7 .（共14页）31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap______.
[A]shouldbefurthercultivated
[B]shouldbechangedgradually
[C]aredeeplyrootedinhistory
[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns
32. Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5
so asto_____.
[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits
[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities
[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuying power
[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits
33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s
habits?
[A]Tide.
[B]Crest.
[C]Colgate.
[D]Unilever.
34.Fromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumers’habitsaredevelopeddueto_____.
[A]perfectedartofproducts
[B]automaticbehaviorcreation
[C]commercialpromotions
[D]scientificexperiments
35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis
_____.
[A]indifferent
[B]negative
[C]positive
[D]biased
英语（二）试题 .8 .（共14页）Text4
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial
democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal
qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors
should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;
that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,
religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and
that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter
of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than
representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing
themselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernfor them.
But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these
democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of
supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the
Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in
jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of
selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this
andotherantidiscriminationlaws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th
century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until
the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then
several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally
asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the
claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women
throughthe1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service
Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished
special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at
random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision
Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be
representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision
also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered
statestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.
英语（二）试题 .9 .（共14页）36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat_____.
[A]bothliterateandilliteratepeoplecanserve onjuries
[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers
[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedfor juryservice
[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic
37.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____.
[A]theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws
[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces
[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures
[D]thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjudges
38.Eveninthe1960s, womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause
_____.
[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws
[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications
[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties
[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement
39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed,_____.
[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished
[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors
[C]jurorsatthestatelevelought toberepresentative oftheentirecommunity
[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem
40.In discussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_____.
[A]itsnatureandproblems
[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition
[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions
[D]itstraditionanddevelopment
英语（二）试题 .10 .（共14页）PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false.
Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers
onANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuel
Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft,
the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites
certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by
Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to
cuttingjet-fueluseanditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.
The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known
that birds flying in formation – a V-shape – expend less energy. The air flowing over a
bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash.
Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy
propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at
Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of
25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%.
When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr. Kroo
and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los
Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an
inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most
favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed
as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output).
Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a
quarter.
There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at
least the perception of it.Would passengers feel comfortabletravelling in companion?
Dr. Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and
would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red
Arrows. Apassenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes.
Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations
is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation
Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new
operationalguidelines.
英语（二）试题 .11 .（共14页）It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make
formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes
will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr. Kroo says this is one of the
areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate
the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow
them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to
reschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflights.
As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year
the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay
Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There
are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel
during the Second World War, but Dr. Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. “My
father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,”
headds.Soheshouldknow.
41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new
BoeingandAirbusaircraft.
42.Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.
43. Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other
planes.
44.Therolethatweatherplaysinformationflight hasnotyet beenclearlydefined.
45. It has been documented that during World War Ⅱ, America’s armed forces once
triedformationflighttosavefuel.
英语（二）试题 .12 .（共14页）Section III Translation
46.Directions:
InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.Writeyourtranslation
onANSWERSHEET2.(15points)
“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but toTed Ning, the
concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of
unsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvalues
mustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d
been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a
Boulderagency.
It didn’t go well.“It was a reallybad movebecausethat’s notmy passion,” says
Ning,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwas
miserable.I hadsomuchanxietythatI wouldwakeupin themiddleofthenightand
stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait,
you’llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.’”
Section IV Writing
PartA
47.Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural
exchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto
1)expressyour thanksfor his/herwarmreception;
2)welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
Donotsignyour ownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.
Donotwriteyour address.(10points)
英语（二）试题 .13 .（共14页）PartB
48.Directions:
In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In
yourwriting,youshould
1)interpretthechartand
2)giveyourcomments.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)
英语（二）试题 .14 .（共14页）
