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绝密★启用前
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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考生编号
考生姓名2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the followin text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
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A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Given the advanta es of electronic mone , ou mi ht think that we would move
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quickl to the cashless societ in which all payments are made electronicall . 1 ,
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a true cashless societ is probabl not around the comer. Indeed, predictions have
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been 2 for two decades but have not et come to fruition. For example, Business
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Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize
the very 3 of mone itself," onl to 4 itself several ears later. Wh has the
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movement to a cashless society been so 5 in comin ?
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Althou h electronic means of payment ma be more efficient than a payments
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s stem based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper
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s stem. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and
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telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic mone the义 form of
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pa ment. Second, paper checks have the advanta e that they 9 receipts,
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somethin that many consumers are unwillin to 10 . Third, the use of paper
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checks ives consumers several da s of "float" — it takes several da s 11 a check
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is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the
writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic
pa
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ments arc in皿ediate, the
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eliminate the float for the consumer.
Fourth, electronic means of pa ment ma 14 security and privac concerns.
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We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a
computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not
an_l_Q occurrence means that dishonest persons mi ht be able to access bank
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accounts in electronic pa ments s stems and 17 from someone else's accounts.
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The 18 of this type of fraud is no eas task, and a new field of computer science
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is developin to」..2. securit issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic
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means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a lar e amount of
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personal data. There are concerns that overnment, emplo ers, and marketers mi ht
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be able to access these data, thereb violatin our privac .
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- 1 -1. [A] Moreover [B] However [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reverse [B] resist [C] resume [D] reward
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on
7. [A] expensive [B] imaginative [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C ] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] copy [C] provide [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C ] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] withdrawn [D] released
13. [A] Unless [B] Because [C] Until [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] ease [D] raise
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] unclear [D] uncommon
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] call for [B] fight against [C ] adapt to [D] cope with
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] trail [D] path
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
- 2 -Text 1
In an essa entitled "Making It in America," the author Adam Davidson relates a
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joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been
automated: The average mill has onl two emplo ees toda , "a man and a dog. The
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man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man awa from the
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machines."
Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recentl appeared
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making the point that the reason we have such stubbornl high unemployment and
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declining middle-class incomes toda is largel because of the big drop in demand
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because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both
globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidl than
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ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an
average lifest le. But, today, average is officiall over. Being average just won't earn
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ou what it used to. It can't when so man more emplo ers have so much more
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access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap
software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their
extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their
field of emplo ment.
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Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and alwa s will. But there's
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been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, "In the 10 ears ending in 2009, [U.S.]
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factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70
ears; roughl one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in
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total—disappeared."
There will alwa s be change—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one
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thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I. T.
revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to
make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officiall over, there are many things we need to do
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to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind
of G. I. Bill for the 2l8t century that ensures that every American has access to post
high school education.
- 3 -21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the de clme of middle-class mcomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to .
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average lifestyle
[D] contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is
[A] to accelerate the I. T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] to advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect.
[B] Technology Goes Cheap.
[C] Average Is Over.
[D] Recession Is Bad.
- 4 -Text2
A century a o, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and
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sojourners. Alon with the many folks lookin to make a permanent home in the
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United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some
money and then o home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived
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while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immi rants, for example,
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eventually returned to Italy for ood. They even had an affectionate nickname,
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"uccelli di passa io," birds of passa e.
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Today, we are much more ri id about immigrants. We divide newcomers into
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two cate ories: le al or ille al, ood or bad. We hail them as Americans in the
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makin , or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed
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mi htily to our broken immigration system and the lon political paralysis over how
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to fix it. We don't need more cate ories, but we need to chan e the way we think
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about cate ories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of le al and ille al. To
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start, we can recognize the new birds of passa e, those livin and thrivin in the gray
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areas. We mi ht then be in to solve our immigration challen es.
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Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, en ineers, home
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health-care aides and physicists are amon today's birds of passa e. They are
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ener etic participants in a lobal economy driven by the flow of work, money and
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ideas. They prefer to come and o as opportunity calls them. They can mana e to
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have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with
ease. We need them to ima ine the United States as a place where they can be
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productive for a while without committin themselves to stayin forever. We need
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them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belon to two
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nations honorably.
Accommodatin this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes
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on both sides of the immigration battle. Lookin beyond the culture war lo ic of ri ht
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or wron means openin up the middle ground and understandin that mana in
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immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, includin some
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that are not easy to accomplish le ally in the existin system.
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- 5 -26. "Birds of passage" refers to those who .
[A] stay in a foreign country temporarily
[B] leave their home countries for good
[C] immigrate across the Atlantic
[D] find permanent jobs overseas
27. It is i lied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US
mp
[A] needs new immigrant categories
[B] has loosened control over immigrants
[C] should be adapted to meet challenges
[D] has been fixed via political means
28. According to the author, today's birds of passage want .
[A] financial incentives
[B] a global recognition
[C] the freedom to stay and leave
[D] opportunities to get regular jobs
29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated .
[A] as faithful partners
[B] with legal tolerance
[C] with economic favors
[D] as mighty rivals
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .
[A] Come and Go: Big Mistake
[B] Living and Thriving: Great Risk
[C] With or Without: Great Risk
[D] Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake
- 6 -Text3
Scientists have found that althou h we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take
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a moment and think about how we are likel to react, we can reduce or even eliminate
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the ne ative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
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Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are jud in whether
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someone is dan erous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickl ,
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within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accuratel tell
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whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferabl five.
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It takes a while to jud e complex aspects of personalit , like neuroticism or open
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-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the
interpersonal realm. Ps cholo ists at the Universit of Toronto found that viewin a
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fast-food lo o for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even
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thou h readin has little to do with eatin . We unconsciousl associate fast food with
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speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doin ,
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Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too lon .
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Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer
products or housin options when we see a happ face (one reason ood sales
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representatives and real estate a ents are alwa s smilin ), we can take a moment
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before bu in . If we know female job screeners are more likel to reject attractive
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female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases — or hire outside
screeners.
John Gottman, the marria e expert, explains that we quickl "thin slice"
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information reliabl onl after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" lon
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term stud . When Dr. Gottman reall wants to assess whether a couple will sta
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to ether, he invites them to his island retreat for a much lon er evaluation: two da s,
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not two seconds.
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions b pausin is what differentiates us
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from animals: do s can think about the future onl intermittentl or for a few minutes.
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But historicall we have spent about 12 percent of our da s contemplatin the lon er
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term. Althou h technology mi ht chan e the wa we react, it hasn't chan ed our
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nature. We still have the imaginative capacit to rise above temptation and reverse the
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hi h-speed trend.
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- 7 -31. The time needed in making decisions may .
[A] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction
[C] depend on the importance of the assessment
[D] vary according to the urgency of the situation
32. 0 ur react10n to a fast-food logo shows that snap dec1s10ns .
[A] can be associative
[B] are not unconscious
[C] can be dangerous
[D] are not impulsive
33. T o reverse the negative influences of snap dec1s10ns, we should .
[A] trust our first impression
[B] think before we act
[C] do as people usually do
[D] ask for expert advice
34. John Gattman says that reliable snap reactions are based on .
[A] critical assessment
[B] "thin sliced" study
[C] adequate information
[D] sensible explanation
35. The author's attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is .
[A] tolerant
[B] optimistic
[ C] uncertain
[D] Doubtful
- 8 -Text4
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace
will never be completel famil -friendl until women are part of senior management
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decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingl
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male. Indeed, women hold onl 14 per cent of positions on European corporate
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boards.
The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards
to maintain a certain proportion of women— up to 60 per cent. This proposed mandate
was born of frustration. Last ear, European Commission Vice President Viviane
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Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for
gender balance goals of 40 per cent female board membership. But her appeal was
considered a failure: onl 24 companies took it up.
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Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate
ladder fairl as the balance work and famil ?
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"Personall , I don't like quotas," Reding said recentl . "But I like what the
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quotas do." Quotas get action: the "open the wa to equality and the break through
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the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries
with legall binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
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I understand Reding's reluctance — and her frustration. I don't like quotas either;
the run counter to m belief in meritocrac , governance b the capable. But, when
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one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a
fairer world must be temporaril ordered.
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After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as
well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top
positions — no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them. When women do
break through to the summit of corporate power — as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg
recentl did at Facebook — the attract massive attention precisel because the
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remain the exception to the rule.
If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women — whether CEOs
or their children's caregivers — and all families, Sandberg would be no more
newsworth than an other highl capable person hvmg m a more Just society.
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- 9 -36. In the European corporate workplace, generally .
[A] women take the lead
[B] men have the final say
[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed
[D] senior management is family-friendly
37. The European Union's intended legislation is .
[A] a reflection of gender balance
[B] a response to Reding's call
[C] a reluctant choice
[D] a voluntary action
38. According to Reding, quotas may help women .
[A] get top business positions
[B] see through the glass ceiling
[C] balance work and family
[D] anticipate legal results
39. The author's attitude toward Reding's appeal is one of
[A] skepticism
[B] objectiveness
[ C] indifference
[D] approval
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of .
[A] more social justice
[B] massive media attention
[C] suitable public policies
[D] greater "soft pressure"
- 10 -PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions b choosing the most suitable
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subtitle from the list A - G for each numbered paragraph (41 - 45). There are two
extra subtitles which ou do not need to use. Mark our answers on the ANSWER
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SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Live like a peasant
[B] Balance our diet
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[C] Shopkeepers are our friends
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[D] Remember to treat ourself
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[E] Stick to what ou need
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[F] Planning is everything
[G] Waste not, want not
The hugel popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Ton balances his love
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of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Ton has £ 60 a week to spend, £ 40
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of which goes on food, but 10 ears ago he was earning £ 130,000 a ear working in
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corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a
week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.
"The communit mental health team saved m life. And I felt like that again, to a
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certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation
and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a da -b -da thing." Now he's living in a
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council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he' 11
carry on blogging — not about eating as cheapl as ou can — "there are so man
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people in a much worse state, with barel an mone to spend on food" — but eating
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well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.
41.
Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan our week's menu in advance,
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making shopping lists for our ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel
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template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost
effective but helps ou balance our diet. It's also a good idea to shop dail instead of
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- 11 -weekl , because, bein human, ou'll sometimes chan e our mind about what ou
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fanc .
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42.
This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in hand . With them,
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there's not the same embarrassment as when bu in one carrot in a little greengrocer.
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And if ou plan properl , ou'll know that ou onl need, sa , 350 of shin of beef
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and six rashers of bacon, not whatever wei ht is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.
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43.
You ma proudl claim to onl have frozen peas in the freezer — that's not ood
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enou h. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Plannin ahead
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should eliminate wasta e, but if ou have surplus ve etables ou'll do a ve etable
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soup, and all fruits threatenin to " o off' will be cooked or juiced.
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44.
Everyone sa s this, but it reall is a top tip for fru al eaters. Shop at butchers,
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delis and fish-sellers regularl , even for small thin s, and be super friendl . Soon
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ou'll feel comfortable askin if the 've an knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or
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beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not,
the 'll let ou have for free.
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45.
You won't be eatin out a lot, but save our pennies and once every few months
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treat ourself to a set lunch at a ood restaurant— £ 1.75 a week for three months ives
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ou £ 21 — more than enou h for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's
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£ 16.95 there — or £ 12.99 for a lar e pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather
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eat.
- 12 -Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write our translation on the ANSWER
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SHEET. (15 points)
I can pick a date from the past 53 ears and know instantl where I was, what
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happened in the news and even the da of the week. I've been able to do this since I
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was four.
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information m brain absorbs. M
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mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored awa neatl . When I think
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of a sad memory, I do what everybod does -try to put it to one side. I don't think it's
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harder for me just because m memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make m
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emotions an more acute or vivid. I can recall the da m grandfather died and the
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sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the da before. I also remember that the
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musical pla Hair opened on Broadway on the same da — the both just pop into m
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mind in the same wa .
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- 13 -Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Su ose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of hel . Write your
pp p
classmates an email to
1) inform them about the details, and
2) encourage them to aritci ate.
p p
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write your address. (10 oints)
p
PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 oints)
p
1
00%
88.24%
80％
人
60%
数
百
40%
分
比
20%
0%
大 一 大二 大三 大四
某高校学生兼职情况
- 14 -
