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橙啦四六级语法
主讲：@尹延
九大基本词类：
名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词、冠词、数词、介词、连词
八大句子成分：
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语、表语
五大基本句型：
主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾、主谓宾补
九大基本词类：名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词、冠词、数词、介词、连词
1.名词 n. noun milk, fruit, beauty
考点：名词复数-s 以及多种变化形式
真题实例：阅读选词填空
Creating fabric from cotton is actually a process that involves a lot of water, 2,700 liters per
shirt to be exact. Take a look at the video below from National Geographic for some more
mind-blowing 29 about cotton clothing production.
A) abstracts I) nearly
B) abundant J) reckoning
C) awareness K) reducing
D) conscience L) sew
E) exact M) shrink
F) increasingly N) statistics
G) intense O) textile
H) mend
But some people still keep eating long after they should stop, a phenomenon Dr. Susan
Thompson calls “insatiable(永不满足的) hunger. “It is characterized by two main 29 : not
being satisfied by eating, and having a desire to stay sedentary(久坐不动的).
A) attributes I) innumerable
B) comprised J) mortality
C) conceded K) odds
D) conservation L) plights
E) diminishing M) regulatory
F) far N) still
G) inclined O) unmatchable
H) indulging
主讲：@尹延2.形容词 adj. adjective 通常用来修饰名词，在句中可作定语，表语和补语。
比较级-er more，最高级-est，the most.
不规则变化：bad/worse/worst, little/less/least
表主动：That’s an interesting story. 表被动:The children are interested in the story.
考点：选项中出现最高级/极端表达 是否可以直接排除？
真题实例：仔细阅读，选项中出现最高级/极端表达 是否可以直接排除？
46. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?
By almost any measure, there is a boom in internet based instruction. In just a few years,
34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL),
and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the
trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on
the basis of online instruction.
A) All its courses are offered online.
B) Its online courses are of the best quality.
C) It boasts the largest number of students on campus.
D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.
3.副词 adv. adverb 副词可以用来修饰动词，形容词，副词和句子
通常以-ly结尾，表示时间now, before 地点there, out 方式fast, well, badly 频率often，
seldom 程度fairly, very 疑问how, when 其他perhaps
比较级最高级变化much/more/most
考点：副词可以用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，有时还可以修饰整个句子
He speaks English fluently.
It’s very nice of you.
He speaks English very fluently.
Luckily, Tom was in when I called.
考点：副词修饰动词，形容词，副词，有时还可以修饰整个句子
真题实例：阅读选词填空
However not all researchers agree 34 with the finding of this study.
A) affirmed I) overstated
B) approximately J) pledge
C) completely K) previously
D) differentiate L) prospective
E) distinct M) prove
F) domain N) surpass
G) formidable O) volume
H) outperformed
主讲：@尹延Clean water is 30 becoming one of the most sought-after resources in the world.
A) abstracts I) nearly
B) abundant J) reckoning
C) awareness K) reducing
D) conscience L) sew
E) exact M) shrink
F) increasingly N) statistics
G) intense O) textile
H) mend
You might not know yourself as well as you think. According to a new study, people are 26
accurate judges of only some of their behaviors.
A) activated I) probes
B) articulates J) random
C) assessment K) recall
D) consecutive L) relatively
E) cues M) saturated
F) deny N) symptoms
G) discrepancy O) terminate
H) probably
4.动词 v. verb
○1 实义动词：
及物动词vt. 后面必须加宾语(名词)I miss you so badly.
不及物动词vi. 后面不能直接加宾语(名词)Don’t look. 或+介词+名词Don’t look at me.
考点：注意第三人称单数-s
真题实例：阅读选词填空
While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-
term personality traits, this new study 27 how well people understand how they are acting
from one moment to the next.
A) activated I) probes
B) articulates J) random
C) assessment K) recall
D) consecutive L) relatively
E) cues M) saturated
F) deny N) symptoms
G) discrepancy O) terminate
H) probably
主讲：@尹延○2 非实义动词：系动词，助动词，情态动词
a.系动词： be动词am，is，are.
需要特殊记忆的一些系动词：感官：feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem. 变化：become, get，
go, turn等。保持：keep, remain, stay等。终止：prove, turn out.
b.助动词：be, have, do, will, shall, 构成时态/语态/语气/疑问句/否定句。
助动词be与过去式和过去分词-ed 连用构成被动语态
助动词be现在分词-ing，与助动词be连用构成进行时态
c.情态动词：can/must/may/might/need/could/should/would/will/have to/had better 表能力、
许可、可能性、必要、意图等。
考点：情态动词后的实义动词用原型
真题实例：阅读选词填空
The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers
heard could be because people would rather 35 rude behavior.
A) activated I) probes
B) articulates J) random
C) assessment K) recall
D) consecutive L) relatively
E) cues M) saturated
F) deny N) symptoms
G) discrepancy O) terminate
H) probably
5.代词 pron. pronoun
人称代词：it/they 考点：一定要弄清楚指代的对象
物主代词：their 考点：形容词性物主代词后必须接名词
指示代词：this/these，that/those，可用于指代上下文提到的人或事情
关系代词：用来引导定语从句：who/whom/that指人，that /which指物，whose某人/物的
不定代词：both/either/neither, all/none, some…others…, a little/little，a few/few
考点：人称代词it/they一定要弄清楚指代的对象
真题实例：仔细阅读
50. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June
1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up.
A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered .
B) There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.
C) They have stopped sending homing signals.
D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
主讲：@尹延考点：形容词性物主代词后必须接名词 their
真题实例：阅读选词填空
According to a new study, depression sufferers who took a daily walk showed just as much
improvement in their 27 as people taking medicine.
A) accompany I) distractions
B) approved J) exclusively
C) bond K) inactive
D) classified L) occurrences
E) clearing M) reaping
F) come N) symptoms
G) daily O) typical
H) definitely
考点：指示代词this/these，that/those，可用于指代上下文提到的人或事情
真题实例：阅读选词填空
But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for
agreeableness. Some of this 32 could be because the observers used only audio clips.
A) activated I) probes
B) articulates J) random
C) assessment K) recall
D) consecutive L) relatively
E) cues M) saturated
F) deny N) symptoms
G) discrepancy O) terminate
H) probably
考点：不定代词：both/either/neither, all/none, some…others…, a little/little，a few/few
真题实例：仔细阅读
47. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna,
Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars,
reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接
触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-
face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.
A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C) people are most likely to lie in email communication
D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
主讲：@尹延47.According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could
put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve
global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much
about it.
A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
6.冠词 art. article
考点：不定冠词a/an 首次提到的人或物 an hour, an island. 后面跟单数名词
定冠词the特指上文提到过的人或物
真题实例：阅读选词填空
“This makes Morocco a big 31 in the field of solar energy in the Arab region and the African
continent. It could also be a forerunner for many other countries in the world
A) affordable I) mostly
B) ancestor J) operating
C) crucial K) perhaps
D) depend L) pioneer
E) initial M) potential
F) insist N) rising
G) just O) scheduled
H) located
7.数词 num. numeral
次数：once/twice/three times.
倍数：double/by three times 考点：定位
分数：one third 1/3，three fifths 3/5 考点：定位
百分数：8 percent 8% 考点：定位
真题实例：阅读匹配题
42. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income
for their college loans.
J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many
students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance
after 25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to
taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the
financial return to education still further.
主讲：@尹延45. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a
suitable job.
F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an
“investment in yourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the
loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a
degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than
five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to
succeed, but it won’t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad’s.
41. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.
D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a
college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students
are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow
massively more expensive to educate?
8.介词 prep. preposition
最高频出现：in,在 on在, at在, to对, for为了,of…的, as作为, by用, with用/与…一起, from
从, between…and…在…之间, before/after之前/之后
介词短语：介词+宾语=介词短语，可做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和插入语，of+名词
是最常见的后置定语。
It is because of hard work.
A gentleman in white went into the hall.
Don’t touch it with your hands.
I found everything in good condition.
In short, he is one of the most promising students I’ve ever known.
9.连词 conj. conjunction
表并列：but, and, or, as well as, not only…but also, both…and, either…or, 考点
表因果：so, for, because, if， 考点
表让步：though/although，
从属连词：that无词义，用于引导名词性从句(主从、表从、宾从、同从)和定语从句
引导时间状语从句：when，while，as，since，before/after，till/until
引导原因状语从句：because
引导条件状语从句：if If necessary I will come at once.
引导结果状语从句：so…that，too…to The box is too heavy to lift.
引导让步状语从句though/although. Though I was tired, still worked hard.
主讲：@尹延真题实例：阅读选词填空
It also provides a great opportunity to bond with friends and family, far away from electronics
and other 34 at home.
Taking a walk can be great for 32 your head or blowing off some steam.
A) accompany I) distractions
B) approved J) exclusively
C) bond K) inactive
D) classified L) occurrences
E) clearing M) reaping
F) come N) symptoms
G) daily O) typical
H) definitely
For example, the researchers noted that both dogs and cats are known to be able to recognize
and 32 human voices.
A) affirmed I) overstated
B) approximately J) pledge
C) completely K) previously
D) differentiate L) prospective
E) distinct M) prove
F) domain N) surpass
G) formidable O) volume
H) outperformed
Researchers have shown correlates with innumerable health issues and is even linked to
increased 28 risk.
A) attributes I) innumerable
B) comprised J) mortality
C) conceded K) odds
D) conservation L) plights
E) diminishing M) regulatory
F) far N) still
G) inclined O) unmatchable
H) indulging
九大基本词类之间的修饰关系：
名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词、冠词、数词、介词、连词
Smart children quickly learn the newly acquired skills.
主讲：@尹延八大句子成分：
主语：一般位于句首，是动作的主体，是谓语讲述的对象
谓语：一定是动词(但动词不一定是谓语，还有非谓语动词)
宾语：动作行为的对象/内容
定语：“的”修饰限定名词/代词
状语：“地”修饰限定动词/形容词/副词/句子：时间、地点、方式、对象、原因、条件、目
的、结果、伴随、让步、程度
补语： 补充说明主语/宾语的特征或状态
同位语：同一位置，同一作用，做补充解释说明
表语：说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态，常位于系动词之后
I made a pizza.
I carefully made a delicious pizza.
I carefully made a delicious pizza, and it turned out perfectly.
With a sense of pride, I carefully made a delicious pizza, and it turned out perfectly.
With a sense of pride, as a pizza beginner, I carefully made a delicious pizza, a creation of my
own, experimenting with new recipes, and it turned out perfectly.
I am a teacher.
As an enthusiastic educator with a passion for teaching, I am a teacher, a mentor to my
students, and my role is rewarding beyond measure, always striving to inspire and facilitate
learning in the classroom.
五大基本句型：
主谓：I read.
主谓宾：I read books.
主系表：I am hungry.
主谓宾宾：I will give you a lesson.
主谓宾补：I made you famous.
并列句的连接词：
1.并列连词：and(和)but(但是)or(或者)yet(然而)for(因为)
2.累积连接词：as well as(也)not only... but also...(不仅...而且...)both... and…(两者都)
3.选择连接词：either… or...(要么...要么...)neither... nor...(既不...也不...)whether... or...(无论...还
是...)
4.转折连接词：however(然而)still(仍然)whereas(而，用于对比)
5.结果连接词：so(因此)therefore(因此)hence(因此)
6.顺序连接词：firstly… secondly... thirdly...(首先...其次...第三...)
7.附加连接词：additionally(此外)furthermore(而且)likewise(同样地)similarly(类似地)
复合句：由一个主句和至少一个从句构成的句子。主句可以独立表达完整的意思，而从句则
不能独立成句，需要依附于主句。
从句的引导词：
that, which, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, why, how, if, whether, although,
because, since, unless, so that, as...as, than. 主讲：@尹延分析长难句的步骤：
1. 先找到句子的完整起始点，找标点：. ! ? …
2. 找主谓
3. 找介词，找从句引导词，划分句子
介词最高频出现：in,在 on在, at在, to对, for为了,of…的, as作为, by用, with用/与…一起,
from从, between…and…在…之间, before/after之前/之后
从句的引导词：
that, which, who, whom, whose, what, when, where, why, how, if, whether, although, because,
since, unless, so that, as...as, than
4. 根据从句在整个大句子充当的成分确定是什么从句，或根本不去判断是什么从句，只要
知道是修饰成分即可。
Female employees consistently pay lower airfares than men do for the same flights because
they tend to book earlier.
Prior research on negative reciprocity among workers found that it can result in lower
employee motivation, business performance and workplace morale and culture.
Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random
sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into
adult form and when people build their identities.
Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their
children, a range of experts concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be
ideal.
主讲：@尹延
