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Cet4 阅读词汇讲义
讲解：张建
微博@教英语的张建
红书@考研英语张建【四级假期精进计划：第一课】
anti-表示“反对，相反”
1. antiwar/,æntɪ'wɔr/adj. 反对战争的
2. antibiotic/ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪk/adj. 抗生的，抗菌的 n. 抗生素
3. antitoxic/ˌæntiˈtɑːksɪk/adj.[免疫] 抗毒素的
dis-① 表示“不”
4. disclaim/dɪsˈkleɪm/vt./vi. 否认，拒绝，放弃
5. disclose/dɪsˈkloʊz/vt. 公开，揭露
6. dishonor/dɪsˈɑːnər/vt. 违背 n. 丢脸
dis-② 表示 “分开，分离 ”
7. distract/dɪˈstrækt/vt. 转移，分心
im-,in-① 表示“不，无，非”
8. impossible/ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/adj. 不可能的 n. 不可能
9. immoral/ɪˈmɔːrəl/adj. 不道德的，邪恶的
im-,in-② 表示“进入 ，使”
10. imprison/ɪmˈprɪzn/vt. 监禁，关押，使…下狱
11. immerge/ɪ'mɜːrdʒ/v. 浸入，隐没
il-，ir-① 放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无”
12. illegal/ɪˈliːɡl/adj. 非法的，违法的
13. illiterate/ɪˈlɪtərət/adj. 文盲的，不识字的
un-① 表示“不、无、没有”
14. unequal/ʌnˈiːkwəl/adj. 不平等的，不规则的 n. 不等同的事物
15. unprecedented/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/adj. 空前的
a-①加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非”
16. asocial/eɪˈsoʊʃəl/adj. 自私的，不合群的
17. apolitical/ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkl/adj. 不关心政治的，无政治意义的
18. urban/ˈɜːrbən/adj. 城市的；住在都市的
19. urbanite/ˈɜːrbənaɪt/n.城市居民
20. suburb/ˈsʌbɜːrb/n.郊区
21. impact/ˈɪmpækt/vi. 影响；撞击 vt.撞击；对…产生影响 n. 巨大影响；撞击
22. positive/ˈpɑːzətɪv/adj. 积极的，阳性的
23. negative/ˈneɡətɪv/adj. 消极的；阴性的
124. mentality/menˈtæləti/n. 心态
25. mentaldisorder 精神病
26. anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/n. 焦虑
27. depression/dɪˈpreʃn/n.抑郁症
28. bipolardisorder 躁郁症
29. dislocation/ˌdɪsloʊˈkeɪʃn/n.脱臼
30. aerospace/ˈeroʊspeɪs/adj. 航空和航天的
31. aerobics/eˈroʊbɪks/n. 有氧运动法
32. fruitful/ˈfruːtfl/adj. 富有成效的；多产的
33. original/əˈrɪdʒənl/adj.原来的，开始的
34. primary/ˈpraɪmeri/adj.主要的，初级的
35. origin/ˈɔːrɪdʒɪn/n.起源；来历
36. original/əˈrɪdʒənl/adj.原始的，最初的，原创的
37. originate/əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/vi.起源
38. disorient/dɪsˈɔːrient/vt. 使迷失方向
39. watermelon/ˈwɔːtərmelən/n.西瓜
40. malice/ˈmælɪs/n. 恶意
41. malcontent/ˌmælkənˈtent/adj. 不满的
42. malefaction/ˌmæləˈfækʃən/n. 罪行
43. maltreat/ˌmælˈtriːt/vt. 虐待
44. malpractice/ˌmælˈpræktɪs/n.不法行为
45. well-being n. 幸福；康乐
46. conflict/ˈkɑːnflɪkt/n./vi.冲突，矛盾
47. inflict/ɪnˈflɪkt/vt.vt. 造成；使遭受
48. afflict/əˈflɪkt/vt. 折磨；使痛苦
49. sustain/səˈsteɪn/vt. 维持；支撑，承担
50. sustained/səˈsteɪnd/adj. 持续的；持久的
51. promote/prəˈmoʊt/vt. 促进；提升
52. promotion/prəˈmoʊʃn/n. 提升，晋升；促销；促进
53. motion/ˈmoʊʃn/n. 动作
54. motive/ˈməʊtɪv/n. 动机
55. motivate/ˈmoʊtɪveɪt/vt. 刺激
256. short-term adj. 短期的
57. long-term adj.长期的
58. display/dɪˈspleɪ/n. 显示 vt. 显示；表现
59. strive/straɪv/vi. 努力；奋斗；抗争
60. compile/kəmˈpaɪl/vt. 编译；编制
61. sensible/ˈsensəbl/adj. 明智的；通情达理的
62. identify/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/vt.识别
63. unidentified/ˌʌnaɪˈdentɪfaɪd/adj.不可识别的
64. cutting-edgeadj.先进的，尖端的
65. fame/feɪm/n. 名声，名望
66. ambition/æmˈbɪʃ(ə)n/n. 野心
67. deliberate/dɪˈlɪbərət/adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的 vt. 仔细考虑
68. deliberation/dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/n. 审议；考虑
69. reside/rɪˈzaɪd/vi. 住，居住
70. inhabit/ɪnˈhæbɪt/vi./vt. 栖息；居住于
71. resident/ˈrezɪdənt/n. 居民；住院医生
72. inhabitant/ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/n. 居民；居住者
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's
mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a
sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost.
Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed
people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There
could be a number ofreasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves
happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those
things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of
well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We
foundthatforsomelottery (彩票)winnerswhohadwonmorethan ￡500,000thepositiveeffect
wasdefinitelythere,butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline."
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting
positiveeffectonpeople'ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiod
of time. Todo this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the
UniversityofEssex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years,
mental health is still better,which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy."
3He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made
moresensibledecisionsandcommunicatedbetter.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a
positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public
policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide
wherethemoneywillcomefromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces."
1.Accordingtoonestudy,whatdogreenspacesdotopeople?
A)Improvetheirworkefficiency.
B)Addtotheirsustainedhappiness.
C)Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.
D)Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.
2.WhatdoesDr.Whitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappier?
A)Earnmoremoney.
B)Settleinanurbanarea.
C)Gainfameandpopularity.
D)Liveinagreenenvironment.
3.WhatdoesDr.Whitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanarea?
A)Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.
B)Howstrongitspositiveeffectis.
C)Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.
D)Howitbenefitspeoplephysically.
4.WhatdidDr.White'sresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreenenvironment?
A)Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.
B)Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.
C)Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.
D)Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.
5.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreenspacesincities?
A)Findfinancialsupport.
B)Improveurbanplanning.
C)Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.
D)Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.
4【四级假期精进计划：第二课】
ab-，abs- 加在词根前，表示“相反，离去”等
1. abnormal/æbˈnɔːrml/adj. 反常的，不规则的
2. abuse/əˈbjuːs/vt. 滥用，虐待，辱骂 n. 滥用，虐待，辱骂
an- 在词根前，表示“不，无”
3. anarchism/ˈænərkɪzəm/n. 无政府主义
4. anonymous/əˈnɑːnɪməs/adj. 匿名的，无名的
二：表示空间位置关系
by-表示“在旁边，副的”
5. byroad/ˈbaɪroʊd/n. 侧道，间道，小路
6. bygone/ˈbaɪɡɔːn/adj. 过去的 n. 过去的事
7. bywork/'baɪ,wɜːrk/n. 副业，业余工作
em-，en-① 表示“进入…之中，包围”
8. embrace/ɪmˈbreɪs/vt. 拥抱，欣然采纳 n. 拥抱，采纳
9. embarrass/ɪmˈbærəs/vt.使…尴尬
10. embattle/ɪmˈbætl/vt.布阵，整军备战
em-，en-② 表示“使…进入状态 ”
11. empower/ɪmˈpaʊər/vt. 授权，允许，使能够
12. embitter/ɪmˈbɪtər/vt. 使怨恨，使难受，使受苦
inter-表示“在…之间，相互”
13. international/ˌɪntərˈnæʃnəl/adj. 国际的
14. interpersonal/ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl/adj. 人与人之间的
pro-① 表示“向前，在前”
15. propel/prəˈpel/vt. 推进，驱使
16. provident/ˈprɑːvɪdənt/adj. 节俭的，有先见之明的
pro-② 表示“很多”
17. procreate/ˈproʊkrieɪt/vt./vi. 生育（子女），产生
18. prosperous/ˈprɑːspərəs/adj. 繁荣的，兴旺的
sub-表示“在下面，次一等，副手”
19. submerge/səbˈmɜːrdʒ/vt./vi. 淹没，把…浸入，沉浸
20. subcentral/sʌbˈsentrəl/adj. 接近中心点的，位于中心点下的
21. surrounding /səˈraʊndɪŋ/ adj. 周围的，附近的
522. surroundings /səˈraʊndɪŋz/n. 环境；周围的事物
23. bear/ber/vt. 忍受；承担
24. colleague /ˈkɑːliːɡ/ n. 同事，同僚
25. evolve/ɪˈvɑːlv/vt. 发展；进化 vi.进展；进化
26. involve/ɪnˈvɑːlv/vt. 包含；牵涉
27. puzzle/ˈpʌzl/vt.使…迷惑不解
28. bewilder/bɪˈwɪldər/vt. 使迷惑
29. conduct/kənˈdʌkt;/vt. 组织，实施，进行 n. 行为举止；方式
30. codeofconduct 行为准则；规范
31. dolphin/ˈdɑːlfɪn/n. 海豚
32. alert/əˈlɜːrt/adj. 警惕的，警觉的 vt. 使警觉，警告
33. predator/ˈpredətər/n.[动] 捕食者；[动] 食肉动物
34. wonder/ˈwʌndər/vt./vi.想知道，感到惊讶
35. department/dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/n. 部门，系
36. participant /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt/n. 参与者，参加者
37. monitor/ˈmɑːnɪtər/n.监视器；班长 vt.监控
38. overall /oʊvərɔːl/adj./adv. 全部的；全体的
39. manner/ˈmænər/n. 方式；习惯
40. hemisphere/ˈhemɪsfɪr/n. 半球
41. sphere/sfɪr/n.球体
42. curious/ˈkjʊriəs/ adj. 好奇的
43. indeed /ɪnˈdiːd/adv. 的确
44. detect/dɪˈtekt/vt.察觉，发现
45. detectaphone/dɪˈtektəˌfoʊn/n.窃听器
46. stir/stɜːr/n./vt.搅拌，搅动
47. stir/stɜːr/n./vt.搅拌，搅动
48. extent/ɪkˈstent/n. 程度；范围；长度
49. circumstance/ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/n. 环境；状况；境遇
50. trigger/ˈtrɪɡər/n. 扳机；起因 vt. 触发，引起；
51. benefactor/ˈbenɪfæktər/n.捐助者
52. beneficent/bɪˈnefɪs(ə)nt/adj. 慈善的；善行的
53. beneficial/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/adj. 有益的，有利的
654. pattern/ˈpætərn/n. 模式；图案
55. recruit/rɪˈkruːt/ vt./n. 征募；聘用
56. tone/toʊn/n.语气；音调
57. monotonous/məˈnɑːtənəs/adj. 单调的
58. adaptation/ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/n. 适应；改编
59. stimulate/ˈstɪmjuleɪt/vt. 刺激；鼓舞
60. stick/stɪk/n.棍子
61. response /rɪˈspɑːns/n. 响应；反应；回答
62. threat/θret/n. 威胁，恐吓
63. tolerance/ˈtɑːlərəns/n. 宽容，容忍；耐力
Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliar surroundings is
a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following
nighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetout
toinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans
evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be
affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins
that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining
alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者）. This led her to wonder if people might be doing the
same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the
unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The
participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with
techniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipants
sleptless well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to
fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a
similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of
theirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.
Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetected
in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping
participantswith amix ofregularly timed beeps(蜂鸣声) ofthesame toneandirregular beepsof
a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to
keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people
fromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.
46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?
A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople. C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.
7B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution. D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.
47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?
A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.
B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.
C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins
D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.
48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?
A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.
B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.
C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.
D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.
49.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?
A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.
B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.
C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.
D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.
50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?
A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.
B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.
C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.
D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.
8【四级假期精进计划：第三课】
trans-① 表示“横过，越过”
1. transgress/trænzˈɡres/vt./vi. 违反，侵犯，犯罪
2. transmit/trænzˈmɪt/vt./vi. 传输，传播，发射
under-① 表示“在…下”
3. underground/ˌʌndərˈɡraʊnd/adj. 地下的 n. 地铁
4. underline/ˌʌndərˈlaɪn/vt. 强调
under-② 表示“不足，不够”
5. underestimate/ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/vt. 低估，看轻
6. underplay/ˌʌndərˈpleɪ/vt. 表演不充分，对...轻描淡写
sur-表示“超过，在上面”
7. surface/ˈsɜːrfɪs/n. 表面，表层，外观 vt./vi.浮出水面
8. surpass/sərˈpæs/vt. 超越，胜过，优于
with-表示“向后，相反”
9. withdraw/wɪðˈdrɔ/vt./vi. 撤退，收回，撤消
10. withhold/wɪðˈhoʊld/vt./vi. 保留，不给，隐瞒，抑制
ex-① 表示“出，出去”
11. exclude/ɪkˈskluːd/vt. 排除，排斥，拒绝接纳，逐出
12. expel/ɪkˈspel/vt. 驱逐，开除
三：表示时间顺序
ante-表示“前面，先”
13. anterior/ænˈtɪriər/adj. 前面的，先前的
14. antecedent/ˌæntɪˈsiːdnt/n. 祖先 adj. 先前的
fore-表示“前面，预先”
15. forefather/ˈfɔːrfɑːðər/n. 祖先，前辈
16. foreshadow/fɔːrˈʃædoʊ/vt. 预示，成为…的前兆
post-① 表示“在后”
17. postpone/poʊˈspoʊn/vt. 使……延期 vi. 延缓，延迟
18. postgraduate/ˌpoʊstˈɡrædʒuət/n. 研究生，研究所学生
pre-表示“前…的，预先”
19. preschool/ˈpriːskuːl/adj. 入学前的 n. 幼儿园，育幼院
20. preclude/prɪˈkluːd/vt. 排除，妨碍，阻止
921. concoct/kənˈkɑːkt/ vt.捏造；混合而制
22. decade/ˈdekeɪd/n. 十年
23. laptop/ˈlæptɑːp/ n. 膝上型轻便电脑，笔记本电脑
24. application/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 应用, 申请, 志愿书, 应用程序 n.[计] 应用, 应用程序
25. device/dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 装置, 设计,设备
26. plug/plʌɡ/ n. 塞子, 栓, 插头 vt. 插入, 塞住, 接插头 vi. 被塞住
27. incident/ˈɪnsɪdənt/ n. 事件，事变
28. incidence/ˈɪnsɪdəns/ n. 发生率；影响；
29. Millennials/mɪˈleniəls/n.千禧世代；千禧一代
30. proverbial/prəˈvɜːrbiəl/ adj. 谚语的, 谚语式的, 众所周知的
31. norm/nɔːrm/ n. 基准, 模范, 标准, 准则
32. normal/ˈnɔːrml/ adj. 正常的；正规的
33. deliver/dɪˈlɪvər/vt. 递送,释放
34. sensor/ˈsensər/n.传感器
35. consent/kənˈsent/ v./n.同意
36. consensus/kənˈsensəs/n. 一致
37. dissent/dɪˈsent/ vi./n.不同意
38. resent/rɪˈzent/ vt.憎恨
39. nonsense/ˈnɑːnsens/n.胡话
40. automation/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 自动化, 自动操作
41. intelligent/ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/adj. 聪明的, 智能的, 了解的
42. quotient/ˈkwoʊʃnt/ n.商
43. quota/ˈkwoʊtə/n. 定额；限额
44. facility/fəˈsɪləti/n. 设备
45. unprecedented/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/adj. 空前的
46. leverage/ˈlevərɪdʒ/ n. 杠杆作用, 杠杆装置
47. access/ˈækses/n. 通路, 入口, 接近, 进入, 使用权, 发作 vt. 访问, 存取, 接近, 使用
48. dramatically/drəˈmætɪkli/adv. 戏剧地, 引人注目地
49. serve/sɜːrv/ vt. 招待，供应；为…服务 vi. 服役，服务，发球 n.发球
50. capacity/kəˈpæsəti/ n. 容量, 能力, 才能, 资格
51. widespread/ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 广布的, 普及的
52. operation/ˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 操作, 动作, 手术
1053. embrace/ɪmˈbreɪs/ n./vt./vi. 拥抱, 互相拥抱
54. profitable/ˈprɑːfɪtəbl/adj. 有利润的, 有利益的, 赚钱的
55. ordinary/ˈɔːrdneri/ adj. 平常的, 普通的, 平凡的 n. 平常的人
56. subordinate/səˈbɔːrdɪnət/ n. 部属，下属 adj.从属的
57. coordinate/koʊˈɔːrdɪneɪt/ vt.协调 adj.协调的 n.坐标
58. tango/ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ n.探戈
59. tangible/ˈtændʒəbl/adj. 可触摸的, 有实体的,有形的
60. intangible/ɪnˈtændʒəbl/adj. 无形的，难以理解的
Ourworld nowmoves sofastthatweseldomstopto seejusthowfar wehave come injusta
few years. The latest iPhone 6s,for example, has a dual-core processor and fits nicely into your
pocket. By comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your
standardlaptopinanofficeanywhereintheworld.
It’s no wonder shat new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when
almosteverynewdevicewebuyhasaplugontheendofitorawirelessconnectiontotheinternet.
Soon,ourcurrentsmartphonelifestylewillexpandtocreateourownsmarthomelifestyletoo.
All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be connected
by 2020whichincidentallyisalsothemomentthatMillennials(千禧一代)areexpectedtomake
up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home become a reality for large
numbersofpeopleworldwide.
However, this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities
increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive
savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation
coupledwithintelligentenergyandfacilitiesmanagement.
Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both
temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and
improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a
largebuilding.
We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remain
connected,alwaysonlineandtalkingtoeachother.Thebigbenefitwillnotonlybeinthehousing
of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real
timedataanalyticstoextractactionableandongoingknowledge.
The biggest andmostexciting challenge of this technology is how to creativelyleverage this
ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both
businessesandcitizensofthesesmartcities.
The good news is that most of this technology is already invented. Let's face it, it wasn't too
11long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant
utopian(乌托邦式的) dream, andyet now we can performalmost anyoffice-based task from any
locationintheworldaslongaswehaveaccesstotheinternet.
It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will
dramaticallyimproveourqualityoflifeintheyearsahead.
51.WhatdoestheexampleofiPhone6sservetoshow?
A)Thehugecapacityofthesmartphonespeoplenowuse.
B)Thewidespreaduseofsmartphonesallovertheworld.
C)Thehugeimpactofnewtechnologyonpeople'severydaylife.
D)Therapidtechnologicalprogressinaveryshortperiodoftime.
52.Whatcanweexpecttoseebytheyear2020?
A)AppsfortheinternetofThings. C)TheemergenceofMillennials.
B)Thepopularizationofsmarthomes. D)Totalglobalizationoftheworld.
53. What will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of
Things?
A)Employfewerworkersintheiroperations.
B)Gainautomaticcontroloftheirbusinesses.
C)Investinmoresmartbuildingsandcities.
D)Embracewhatevernewtechnologythereis.
54.Whatisthemostexcitingchallengewhenwepossessmoreandmoredata?
A)Howtoturnittoprofitableuse. C)Howtolinktheactionablesystems.
B)Howtodorealtimedataanalysis. D)Howtodevisenewwaystostoreit.
55.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutworkingfromanywhereandatanytime?
A)Itisfeasiblewithaconnectiontotheinternet.
B)Itwillthriveinsmartbuildings,citiesandhomes.
C)Itisstilladistantutopiandreamforordinaryworkers.
D)Itwilldelivertangiblebenefitstobothbossandworker.
12【四级假期精进计划：第四课】
四: 表示程度
out-① 表示“超过”
1. outdo/ˌaʊtˈduː/vt. 超过，胜过
2. outweigh/ˌaʊtˈweɪ/vt.比……重要，比……有价值
out-② 表示“出去”
3. outside/ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/adj. 外面的，外部的
4. outrage/ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/vt. 激起愤怒 n. 愤怒
over-① 表示“过度，过分”
5. overwork/ˌoʊvərˈwɜːrk/vt./vi.使工作过度
6. overreact/ˌoʊvəriˈækt/vi. 反应过度，反作用过强
over-② 表示“在…之上”
7. overlook/ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/vt. 忽略，俯瞰
8. oversee/ˌoʊvərˈsiː/vt. 监督，审查
over-③ 表示“翻转”
9. overturn/ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrn/vt. 推翻，倾覆，破坏
10. overthrow/ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/vt.推翻，倾覆，瓦解
extra-表示“以外的，超过的”
11. extraordinary/ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/adj. 非凡的，卓越的
12. extravagant/ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/adj. 奢侈的，豪华的
hyper-表示“超过，太多”
13. hyperactive/ˌhaɪpərˈæktɪv/adj. 极度活跃的，活动过度的
14. hypersensitive/ˌhaɪpərˈsensətɪv/adj. 过敏的，高灵敏度的
multi-表示“很多”
15. multilingual/ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/adj. 使用多种语言的
16. multidirectional/mʌltidaɪˈrekʃənl/adj. 多方向的
pan-表示“广泛的”
17. pandemicadj. （疾病）大规模流行的 n.<正式>大流行病
18. panorama/ˌpænəˈræmə/n. 全景，全貌
bene-表示“善，好”
19. benevolent/bəˈnevələnt/adj. 仁慈的，乐善好施的
20. benefaction/ˌbenɪˈfækʃn/n. 善行，捐赠
1321. photography/fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/n. 摄影；摄影术
22. photophobia/ˌfotəˈfobɪə/n.畏光
23. photosynthesis/ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/n.光合作用
24. geography/dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/n. 地理
25. telegraph/ˈtelɪɡræf/n. 电报
26. laborious/ləˈbɔːriəs/adj. 艰苦的；费劲的；勤劳的
27. ordeal/ɔːrˈdiːl/n. 折磨；严酷的考验
28. infinite/ˈɪnfɪnət/adj. 无限的
29. definite/ˈdefɪnət/adj.确定的
30. interrupt/ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/vt./vi. 中断；打断
31. associate/əˈsoʊʃieɪt/vt. 联想，联系
32. fellow/ˈfeloʊ/adj. 同类的，同伴的 n. 同事，朋友
33. slight/slaɪt/adj. 轻微的，少量的
34. blight/blaɪt/vi. 枯萎 n.枯萎
35. forbade/fərˈbeɪd/vt. 禁止（forbid的过去式）
36. digital/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的
37. heighten/ˈhaɪtn/vt./vi. 提高；增高
38. receive/rɪˈsiːv/vt. 接收
39. reception/rɪˈsepʃn/n. 接待；接收
40. recipient/rɪˈsɪpiənt/n. 接受者
41. immerse/ɪˈmɜːrs/vt. 沉浸
42. emerge/ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/vi.出现
43. emergencyn.出现，急诊
44. satisfy/ˈsætɪsfaɪ/vt./vi. 令人满意；令人满足
45. Jupiter/ˈdʒuːpɪtər/n.木星
46. Mercury/ˈmɜːrkjəri/n.水银，水星
47. merchant/ˈmɜːrtʃənt/n. 商人
48. Pluto/ˈpluːtoʊ/n. 冥王；冥王星
49. plutocrat/ˈpluːtəkræt/n. 财阀；富豪
50. Venus/ˈviːnəs/n.金星
51. erode/ɪˈroʊd/vt. 腐蚀
52. Mars/mɑːrz/n. 火星；战神
1453. march/mɑːrtʃ/vt./n.行军
54. painstaking/ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ/adj. 艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的n. 辛苦；勤勉
55. luxury/ˈlʌkʃəri/n. 奢侈，奢华；奢侈品；享受adj. 奢侈的
56. master/ˈmæstər/n. 主人；大师 vt. 精通；控制
57. absorb/əbˈsɔːrb/vt. 吸收；吸引；理解
58. derive/dɪˈraɪv/vt./vi. 源于
Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones.
Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the
spaceonyourharddriveandyourdiningcompanion'spatience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply
enjoyingit?"Youhearthatyoushouldn'ttakeallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit's
badforyou,andwe'renotlivinginthepresentmoment,"saysKristinDiehl,associateprofessorof
marketingattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaMarshallSchoolofBusiness.
Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a
series of nine experiments in the lab and inthe field testing people's enjoymentin the presenceor
absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
surprisedthem.Takingphotosactuallymakespeopleenjoywhatthey'redoingmore,notless.
"What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking
forthingsyouwanttocapture,thatyoumaywanttohangonto,"Diehlexplains."Thatgetspeople
moreengagedintheexperience,andtheytendtoenjoyitmore."
Takesightseeing. Inoneexperiment,nearly200participantsboardedadouble-deckerbusfor
a tour ofPhiladelphia. Both bustours forbadethe use of cellphones but one tour provided digital
cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the
experiencesignificantlymore,andsaidtheyweremoreengaged,thanthosewhodidn't.
Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever
you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums,
where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People
look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more,
too.
To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram 用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more
enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they
weremoreimmersedintheirmealsthanthosewhoweren'ttoldtotakephotos.
Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just
the act of planning to take a photo—and notactually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect.
"If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what
youwouldwanttophotographalsogetsyoumoreengaged."
1551.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutphoto-takinginthepast?
A)Itwasapainstakingeffortforrecordinglife'smajorevents.
B)Itwasaluxurythatonlyafewwealthypeoplecouldenjoy.
C)Itwasagoodwaytopreserveone'spreciousimages.
D)Itwasaskillthatrequiredlotsofpracticetomaster
52.KristinDiehlconductedaseriesofexperimentsonphoto-takingtofindout_______.
A)whatkindofpleasureitwouldactuallybringtophoto-takers
B)whetherpeopleenjoyeditwhentheydidsightseeing
C)howitcouldhelptoenrichpeople'slifeexperiences
D)whetheritpreventedpeopleenjoyingwhattheyweredoing
53.WhatdotheresultsofDiehl'sexperimentsshowaboutpeopletakingpictures?
A)Theyaredistractedfromwhattheyaredoing.
B)Theycanbetterrememberwhattheyseeordo.
C)Theyaremoreabsorbedinwhatcatchestheireye.
D)Theycanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheworld.
54.Whatisfoundaboutmuseumvisitorswiththeaidofeye-trackingglasses?
A)Theycomeoutwithbetterphotographsoftheexhibits.
B)Theyfocusmoreontheexhibitswhentakingpictures.
C)Theyhaveabetterviewofwhatareondisplay.
D)Theyfollowthehistoricaleventsmoreeasily.
55.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A)Itisbettertomakeplansbeforetakingphotos.
B)Mentalphotoscanbeasbeautifulassnapshots.
C)Photographerscanderivegreatjoyfromtheclickofthecamera.
D)Eventheverythoughtoftakingaphotocanhaveapositiveeffect.
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