文档内容
目 录
CONTENTS
第一部分 基础必备知识 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������001
、 ................................................................................................................. 001
一 题型介绍
、 ......................................................................................................... 001
二 解题基础知识
、 ......................................................................................................... 009
三 语音基础知识
第二部分 技巧精讲&真题演练 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������016
、 & ............................................................................... 016
一 长对话技巧精讲 真题演练
、 & ................................................................................... 031
二 篇章技巧精讲 真题演练
、 / / & ............................................................. 046
三 讲话 报导 讲座技巧精讲 真题演练
001第一部分 基础必备知识
一、题型介绍
、 / /
大学英语六级考试的听力理解部分由长对话 篇章和讲话 报道 讲座三种题型构
。 。 ，
成 试题采用单选题形式 录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读 语速约为每分钟
140-160 。 ， 13 。
词 所有录音材料均只播放一遍 每个问题后留有 秒答题时间 听力理解
35％， 30 。
部分占整张试卷的分值比例为 考试时间为 分钟
试卷结构 题型分布 文章个数 题目个数 分值比例
2 8 8％
长对话
2 7 7％
听力理解 篇章
/ / 3 10 20％
讲话 报导 讲座
7 25 35％
总计
二、解题基础知识
（一）解题思路
1. “ ”， 。
利用 错位听音法
2. ， 。
预览选项
3. “ ”， 。
利用 题文同序原则
4. ， “ keywords”， 。
听音时 把握
（1）
错位听音
，“ ” ，
简单的讲 错位听音法 就是 把每一组考题提问的时间用
。
来预览后面一组考题的选项
001六级听力讲义
播放 预览
Section A
考试说明
Conversation 1
文章
Conversation 1
问题
Conversation 2
文章
Conversation 2 + Section B
问题 考试说明
…… ……
依次类推 依次类推
（2）
预览选项
1. ： 。
预览速度
2. ， ： 。
先纵向 后横向
3. ： 。
如果阅读速度较慢
4. 。
分析不同题干下相关联的选项
5. 。
用笔将预判的结果直接标注在卷纸上
1. do；to do；doing： 。
例
：
选项预览
1. A) Find as many boats as possible.
B) Cut trees and build rowing boats.
C) Halt the operation until further orders.
D) Ask the commander to send a helicopter.
Q: What do the speakers decide to do finally?
：
选项预览
2. A) To illustrate the importance of extrinsic values.
B) To explain Aristotle’s views about the importance of teaching.
C) To explain why people change what they value.
D) To discuss Aristotle’s views about human happiness.
Q: What is the main purpose of the lecture?
002：
选项预览
3. A) Getting acquainted with the human resources personnel.
B) Finding out why the company provides the job opening.
C) Figuring out what benefits the company is able to offer them.
D) Tailoring their expectations to the company’s long-term goal.
Q: What other important preparations should job seekers make before an interview?
2. by doing，with： 。
例
：
选项预览
4. A) By consulting their own department managers.
B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.
C) By exploring various channels of communication.
D) By visiting the company’s own computer network.
Q: How can the staff learn more about the company’s restructuring?
3. 、 、 ： 。
例 并列名词 形容词 词组
：
选项预览
5. A) Biography. B) Nature. C) Philosophy. D) Beauty.
：I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.
听力原文
Q: What is the man really more interested in?
：
选项预览
6. A) They seem positive. C) They seem intuitive.
B) They are illustrative. D) They are conclusive.
：But the findings seem intuitive to me.
听力原文
Q: What does the speaker think of the researchers’ findings?
：
选项预览
7. A) Infants’ facial expressions. C) Babies’ interaction with adults.
003六级听力讲义
B) Babies’ emotions. D) Infants’ behaviors.
：Our final study is from 1980, but it’s still relevant today. In fact, it’s one of
听力原文
the most famous pieces of research about infant emotion ever published.
Q: What is the 1980 study about?
4. ： 。
例 地点
：
选项预览
8. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.
B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.
C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.
D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.
Q: Where is the speaker standing?
：
选项预览
9. A) In a bus. B) In a clinic. C) In a boat. D) In a plane.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
5. 、 、 ： 。
例 数字 时间 价钱
：
选项预览
10. A) 10: 10. B) 9: 50. C) 9: 40. D) 9: 10.
Q: When is the train arriving?
：
选项预览
11. A) $30-$40. B) $40-$50. C) $50-$60. D) Around $150.
Q: What is the price range of wine the man will consider?
6.
例 分清男女
：
选项预览
12. A) She left her own car in Manchester.
B) Something went wrong with her car.
004C) She wants to go traveling on the weekend.
D) Her car won’t be back in a week’s time.
Q: Why does the woman want to hire a car?
：
选项预览
13. A) He talked to her on the phone.
B) He had a quarrel with Marsha.
C) He made a business trip.
D) He resolved a budget problem.
Q: What did the man do before he came to see the woman?
7.
例 代词转名词
：
选项预览
14. A) It is eating into its banks.
B) It winds its way to the sea.
C) It is wide and deep.
D) It is quickly rising.
Q: What do the speakers say about the river beyond the trees?
：
选项预览
15. A) They are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.
B) They have more than twenty different hair textures.
C) They have twenty-four different body shapes in total.
D) They represent people from virtually all walks of life.
Q: What do we know about the original Barbie dolls?
（3）
题文同序原则
：
大部分听力题目的出题顺序与所听文章内容顺序保持一致 基本上都是从前往后
。 ， “What is the talk mainly about?”，
出题 至于文章主旨类问题 例如 主旨通常在文章一
， 。 ，
开始就会提到 但需要听完全文进行总结 根据题文同序原则听音时 如果已经出现
， ，
下一题选项的关键词 就要迅速扫读该题的选项是否与所听到的文章内容匹配 以
005六级听力讲义
。
免错过题目
（4）
标志词与常设考点
1. 、
段首 段尾处
、 ， / / ， 、
不管是长对话 篇章 还是讲话 报道 讲座 录音的第一句话或者段首句 段尾
， 。 ，
句 历来是设题重点 有时文章的最后一句话会体现主旨大意 经常用来考查对听力
。
材料主旨大意的理解与把握
2.
转折处
：but，however，yet，instead，today，now，although，though，even though，
标志词
despite，in spite of，in fact，actually，practically，not... but... 。
等
3.
对比处
：while，instead，in contrast，on the other hand，unexpected，unexpectedly，
标志词
unfortunately，fortunately，whereas，rather than，as... as，more than any other 。
等
4.
因果关系处
：because，cause，for，as，since，owing to，be due to，lead to，thanks to，
标志词
contribute to，attribute to，consequently，result from，result in，as a result...，so，now
that 。
等
5.
总结处
：in brief，in short，all in all，generally speaking，conclude，conclusion，in
标志词
a word，as a result，in short，you see，we can say，OK，anyway... 。
等
6. 、 、
表示重复 强调 顺序处
1） ， 。
如果某一实词在文章中 其往往就是正确答案
2） ，
某些常见标志词的 会发生变化 有些词的语气会变得
。
强硬
3） ， （ ） 。
形容词和副词的最高级 表示唯一的词 的出现
4） ： 。
常见表示顺序的标志词 等
7. 、 、
定义 解释说明 建议处
：according to，be known as，be defined/called as something，the definition of...，
标志词
which means，show/find/suspect/reveal that，suggest，advice，had better 。
等
8.
设问句处
1）
一般疑问句升调处
2） 、
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词处
006： 。
标志词 等
9.
特殊修辞处
、 、 、
排比 举例 比喻 虚拟语气处
： 。
标志词 等
10. 、 、
人名 数字 专有名词处
： 。
标志词 等
（二）解题技巧
1.
视听一致
， 。 ： ， ：
六级听力考试中 超半数题目均可运用视听一致选出答案 视 看到的选项 听
。 。
听到的录音 所谓视听一致就是
， ，
在听到与选项相关的关键词 或者常设考点的标志词之后 原文听到什么就到选
，
项中找与之相关或相似的答案 或者 选
， 。
项 是正确选项的可能性更大
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.
B) He competed in all major skiing events in the world.
C) He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.
D) He broke three world skiing records in three years.
：In 1966 and 1967 he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. The next
听力原文
year he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never
been topped.
Q: What is said to be Killy’s biggest honor in his skiing career?
2.
同义替换
， 。
六级听力考试中 至少有一半的正确选项和对应的原文答案句之间存在同义替换
：
常见的同义替换形式有两种
1） ： 、 、 （
词性的替换 短语表达的替换 否定词 双重否定
） 。 creation = creative tasks（ ， ）；flooded =
表肯定 的替换等 例如 词根不变 词性变化
007六级听力讲义
submerged in water；no longer listen to = stopped listening to。
2） ： 、 、 ，
主被动语态的替换 因果关系的对调 肯否定替换
。
以及详述和概括的替换等
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) A proper mindset. C) An optimistic attitude.
B) An ambitious plan. D) A keen interest.
：Always keep that 20% goal in mind, prevent yourself from becoming
听力原文
complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such a strict plan. But if you adopt the right
mindset, you should be apt to make it work for you.
Q: What does the speaker think is important for achieving financial security?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) It was memorable C) It was uneventful.
B) It was unbearable. D) It was fruitful.
：M: So overall, was the journey unsuccessful?
听力原文
W: Absolutely not. We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.
Q: What does the woman think of the journey?
※注意：
1） ， +
听力题目几乎每个选项都带有原文词 干扰项通常就是由原文词 错误的修饰
。 ， 。
词构成 而那些看起来找不到对应原文的同义替换 反而是正确答案
2） ， 。
越简单越常见的单词 越容易被替换
3） 。
正确选项往往同时包含了视听一致与同义替换
4） ，
如果某两个选项存在局部相反现象 那这两个选项包含正确选项的可能性
。
较大
008三、语音基础知识
（一）易错易混发音讲解
， ， ，
对于中国学生来说 英语中的一些音素发音非常相近 听起来十分容易混淆 同
， ， 。
时许多考生在听力考试中误把此单词听成彼单词 造成考试中的误听 导致失分
[e]-[æ]
【知识精讲1】
The old man gave her a loving pet.
The old man gave her a loving pat.
“th”
【知识精讲2】字母组合 的发音
“th” [θ] [ð]，
和 字母组合相应的一组清浊辅音是 与 它们的共同特点是发音时都
。
要将舌尖含在上下齿之间
[w] [v]
【知识精讲3】 与 的发音区别
， ， ，
汉语中 尤其是在北方话中 这两个发音经常混在一起 但不会产生语义上的区
。 ， 。 ， 。[w]
别 所以 中国学生很少注意两者的区别 而在英语中 这两个音是截然不同的
， ， ；
是半元音 发音时首先双唇收圆 然后可以随后面元音的不同而过渡到不同的口型
[v] ， ， ，
而 是摩擦音 发音时上齿接触下唇 气流通过时产生摩擦 无论同什么样的元音组
， 。
合 首先都能听到明显的摩擦
“r”
【知识精讲4】字母 在词首时的发音
“r” ，
字母 位于词首的发音也是中国学生发音的一大难点 主要原因是受汉语发音
。 “ ” ，
习惯的影响 中国学生在很多情况下把它读作类似汉语的 日 的发音 而在英语中
“r” “ ” 。
字母 其实更偏向汉语中 若 的发音
[au]
【知识精讲5】 的发音
[au] [a] ， “ao”
很多学生会把 这个音同元音 的发音相混淆 或者用汉语拼音中的 取
009六级听力讲义
。 [au] ， [a] [u]， 。
代 发 这个音时 要从 过渡到 两个音都要读得饱满
[h]
【知识精讲6】 的发音方法
“h” ， [h] ， [h]
同汉语拼音的 相比较 英语中的 是清辅音 但有的同学会把 音发成
“ ” 。 [h] ， ， ， ，
类似汉语 喝 的音 发 音时 气流从肺部呼出 经过声门摩擦 声带不振动 非
， ， “ ” 。
常轻 听力考试中经常不发音 从而形成 击穿 的语音现象
[l] [n]
【知识精讲7】 和 的发音区别
[l] ， ； [n] ， 。
是舌边音 发音时气流从口腔流过 发 音时 发音的气流从鼻腔流过 另
， ， ， [l] 、 ， [n] 。
外 发这两个音时 舌头虽然都抵上颚 但 接触很快 很轻 而 要紧抵住不放
（二）英美发音区别
GA：General American
标准美音
RP：Received Pronunciation
标准英音
【知识精讲1】英美发音元音区别
1. “r” ， 。
当字母 出现在单词的元音字母组合中时 美式发音会出现独特的卷舌音
(1) far car large charge smart
(2) dear clear fear cheer here
(3) air dare pear their where
(4) for more door pour before
(5) sure poor tour cure fewer
(6) her turn learn word first
(7) fire tired higher liar buyer
(8) hour flour shower power tower
(9) destroyer employer
2. [a:] [f]，[θ]，[s] ， [æ]。
元音 在用于 前时 美语发音为
(1) half (2) bath (3) pass (4) ask
010(5) calm (6) palm (7) father (8) plaza
3. [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a]。
英式发音 变为美式发音 或
(1) bought (2) talk (3) ball (4) caught
(5) law (6) saw
4. [ɔ] [a]。
英式发音 变为美式发音
(1) hot (2) cot (3) clock (4) shop
(5) box (6) not
5. [ʌ] [ə]。
英式发音 变为美式发音
(1) up (2) love (3) cut (4) another
(5) above (6) bus (7) cup
【知识精讲2】英美发音辅音区别
1. “t” 、 。 “t”
字母 可出现在单词的词首 词中和词尾三个部位 其中字母 在词首与
， ，tight [tait]。 ，
词尾时的发音方式英美相同 例如 而其在词中时 英式英语和美式英语
。
却有两种读法
city forty butter
water dirty matter
writer better Betty
[t] [d]
Italian Italy
attack attic
atomic atom
photography photograph
2.
辅音区别的第二种情况
英音 美音
(1) what
(2) where
(3) which
(4) somewhere
(5) meanwhile
011六级听力讲义
（三）连读规则
， ， ，
很多同学抱怨听力考试中语速过快 跟不上 其实不是朗读的速度快 而是朗读
， ，
时单词与单词之间的连接更加紧密 经常会出现连读的情况 而常见的连读规则不过
12 ， 12 ， ，
条而已 同学们一旦掌握了这 条连读规则 不但能扫平英语听力障碍 而且能轻
、 、 ， 、 。
松听懂电影 电视 音乐中的英语发音 甚至能征服托福 雅思这类国外语言类考试
【知识精讲1】辅音对元音的连读
， ，
当前面的单词以辅音结尾 紧随其后的单词以元音开头 这时将前面的辅音同后
， ， 。
面的元音连在一起 像是构成一个音节一样的读出来 以使语言更加流畅自然 而且
， （ ） ，
连读必须发生在短语或句子的同一个意群中 在意群 及短语或从句 之间有停顿时
。
两个短语或两个从句间相邻的音不连读
1. [r]+
元音
far away for a year a number of
2. [l]+
元音
internal affairs
3. [t]+
元音
keep it up pick it up put it off
take it easy look out of get out of
4. [n]+
元音
pen and paper in an instance in an hour
clean and dirty an old lady ten o’clock
、 、
【知识精讲2】辅音与辅音的叠合 击穿 失爆
5. ： ，
叠合现象 前面单词结尾的辅音与紧随其后的单词的起始辅音为同一个音时
， 。
只需读一次 而不必将这个音读两次
more rain fall leaves part time job at two o’clock
stop playing keep pace big game big garage
some men same machine bus station
6. ： ， ，
击穿现象 一般情况下 当句子中前一个单词以辅音结尾 后一个单词以辅音
[h] ， ，[h] ， h 。 [h]
开头 连读的时候 音可以被击穿 也就是 不发音 常见于爆破音遇到
。
音时
This is his book. Get him out of here.
7. ： ，
失爆现象 当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时 前面的爆破音不发生爆
012。 ， ， ，
破 也就是说对于前一个爆破音 只作发音的口型 刚要发音时 立即发出第二个爆
。 [p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g] 。
破音 这种情形常发生在 等辅音出现的时候
last class next day It doesn’t matter.
【知识精讲3】元音与元音的连读
[w] [j]，
元音对元音的连读实际上是在元音之间插入半元音 或 从而使纯元音音节
、 ， 。
之间的过渡变得自然 流畅 读起来更加上口
8. [u]、[u:]、[au] [əu] ，
前面的单词以 或 这些音素结尾 紧随其后的单词以元音开
， ， [w] 。
头 这时 在两个单词之间加入半元音 作为过渡
doing going go out go away
blew away throw away how old knew it
who else you are blue on top clue in
too often
9. [ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[i:] [i] ，
前面的单词以元音 或 这些音素结尾 紧随其后的单词以
， ， [ j ] 。
元音开头 这时 在两个单词之间加入半元音 作为过渡
play around any other stay up be on time
say it try it see it through she is
try again my only child the early bird see off
【知识精讲4】连读音变
10. [t] + [j]=[tʃ]
Nice to meet you.
11. [d] + [j]=[dʒ]
Could you?
Did you?
12. [s] + [j]=[ʃ]
I miss you.
God bless you.
（四）重音及语调
【知识精讲1】什么是词重音
， 。 ，
英语单词都由一至多个音节构成 一个单词至少要有一个音节 而在一组音节中
， ，
总有一个音节比其它的音节读的声音大一些 用的力量足一些 这个音节就是所谓的
013六级听力讲义
。
重读音节
【知识精讲2】单音节单词
go come try
【知识精讲3】双音节单词
da dá forget begin
dá da window teacher
【知识精讲4】三音节单词
dá da da medicine radio
da da dá employee guarantee
da dá da professor October
【知识精讲5】长音节单词
da dá da da democracy
da da dá da da anniversary possibility
【知识精讲6】短语和句子的重音
： （ 、 、 、 、 ）
重读 实词 名词 动词 形容词 副词 数词
：
弱读 语法词
【知识精讲7】什么是短语或句子的重音
， ，
在构成短语或句子的单词中 总有一个单词比别的单词读的重一些 这个单词本
。 ，
身的重读音节也就成为句子的重心 在不特殊强调或作对比的情况下 短语或句子的
。（ ，
重音往往落在最后一个出现的实词的重读音节上 在对比句中 分别代表所对照内容
。）
物的单词通常会受到相等程度的重读
to the store the tickets our teacher
going to London leave tomorrow an English teacher
Will you mail it? She is studying English.
Does she speak it? I need a book.
I need pencil and paper. Do you want coffee or tea?
【知识精讲8】实义重读
， 。
在进行语言表达时 通常讲话人会在一句话中所要强调的内容上加大音量 即在
， “ ，
句子中代表讲话人所强调内容的单词会受到重读 也就是通常所说的 强调什么 重
”。
读什么
014Tom likes to play soccer.（ ）
不特殊强调
Tom likes to play soccer.（ “ ”）
强调 玩
Tom likes to play soccer.（ “ ”）
强调 喜欢
Tom likes to play soccer.（ “ ”）
强调 人
015六级听力讲义
第二部分 技巧精讲 & 真题演练
一、长对话技巧精讲 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
， 4 ， 8 ，
长对话题型通常考查两篇对话 每篇对话后设置 个小题 一共 道小题 分值
8%。 280-320 。
比例 文章篇幅大约 个词
， 。
长对话采用问答形式 对话双方 把握
， 、 、 、 。
原则 第二 四 六 八段往往是答案所在的段落
， ， ，
答题时 首先要分析选项之间的逻辑关系 找出不同题干下相关联的选项 推测
。
对话中男女二人的人物关系以及他们想要表达的信息
， ，
听音时 第一回合的对话通常就可以透露出对话的话题与场景 也常常是对话的
， 、 。 、
主题所在 是回答主旨 场景等问题的依据 录音结尾处往往会涉及到对话者的建议
， 。
正在或将要采取的行动 是回答有关下一步行动等问题的依据
：
长对话考查的场景包括
1） 。 ，
通常是围绕某个社会话题展开 说话者双方谈论
， 。 ：
各自对该话题的理解与看法 从而触及某一社会现象或者揭示某一问题 例如 时尚
、 、 、 、 、 。
购物 休闲娱乐 家庭生活 社会热点 买卖商品 售后服务等
2） 。 ，
通常是在校园内的一些话题 与学生的学习和生
。 ： 、 、 、 、
活密切相关 例如 专业的选择 课程与教学情况 宿舍的管理 作业或论文 假期
、 、 。
安排 学生中普遍存在的现象 师生对话或者学习中出现的问题等
3） 。 、 、 、 、
通常涉及求职 招聘 面试 工作安排 工作交
、 。
流 兼职或在工作中出现的问题等
4） 。 。
通常包括时事报道和人物采访 所涉及的报道内
， ，
容较为广泛 其中尤以社会问题和政治事件为主 或者是针对某一人物的经历以及代
。
表作展开相关问答
016【大纲样题】
Conversation 1 ：
选项预览
1. A) He invented the refrigerator.
第二部分 技巧精讲 & 真题演练
B) He patented his first invention.
C) He was admitted to university.
D) He got a degree in Mathematics.
2. A) He started to work on refrigeration.
一、长对话技巧精讲 & 真题演练
B) He became a professor of Mathematics.
【解题技巧】 C) He fell in love with Natasha Willoughby.
， 4 ， 8 ，
长对话题型通常考查两篇对话 每篇对话后设置 个小题 一共 道小题 分值 D) He distinguished himself in low temperature physics.
8%。 280-320 。
比例 文章篇幅大约 个词 3. A) Discovering the true nature of subatomic particles.
， 。
长对话采用问答形式 对话双方 把握 B) Their explanation of the laws of cause and effect.
， 、 、 、 。
原则 第二 四 六 八段往往是答案所在的段落 C) Their work on very high frequency radio waves.
， ， ，
答题时 首先要分析选项之间的逻辑关系 找出不同题干下相关联的选项 推测 D) Laying the foundations of modern mathematics.
。
对话中男女二人的人物关系以及他们想要表达的信息 4. A) To have a three-week holiday.
， ，
听音时 第一回合的对话通常就可以透露出对话的话题与场景 也常常是对话的 B) To spend his remaining years.
， 、 。 、
主题所在 是回答主旨 场景等问题的依据 录音结尾处往往会涉及到对话者的建议 C) To patent his inventions.
， 。
正在或将要采取的行动 是回答有关下一步行动等问题的依据 D) To teach at a university.
：
长对话考查的场景包括 ：
1） 。 ， 听力原文
通常是围绕某个社会话题展开 说话者双方谈论 W: Hello.
， 。 ：
各自对该话题的理解与看法 从而触及某一社会现象或者揭示某一问题 例如 时尚 M: Hello. Is that the reference library?
、 、 、 、 、 。
购物 休闲娱乐 家庭生活 社会热点 买卖商品 售后服务等 W: Yes. Can I help you?
2） 。 ，
通常是在校园内的一些话题 与学生的学习和生 M: I hope so. I rang earlier and asked for some information about Denys Hawtin, the
。 ： 、 、 、 、
活密切相关 例如 专业的选择 课程与教学情况 宿舍的管理 作业或论文 假期 scientist. You asked me to ring back.
、 、 。
安排 学生中普遍存在的现象 师生对话或者学习中出现的问题等 W: Oh, yes. I have found something.
3） 。 、 、 、 、
通常涉及求职 招聘 面试 工作安排 工作交 M: Good. I’ve got a pencil and paper. Perhaps you could read out what it says.
、 。
流 兼职或在工作中出现的问题等 W: Certainly. Hawtin, Denys. Born: Darlington, 1836, died New York, 1920.
4） 。 。
通常包括时事报道和人物采访 所涉及的报道内 M: Yes, got that.
， ，
容较为广泛 其中尤以社会问题和政治事件为主 或者是针对某一人物的经历以及代 W: Inventor and physicist, the son of a farm worker. He was admitted to the University
。
表作展开相关问答 of London at the age of 15.
017六级听力讲义
M: Yes.
W: He graduated at 17 with the first-class degree in Physics and Mathematics. All right?
M: Yes, all right.
W: He made his first notable achievement at the age of 18. It was a method of
refrigeration which arose from his work in low temperature physics. He became
professor of Mathematics at the University of Manchester at 24, where he remained
for twelve years. During that time, he married one of his students, Natasha
Willoughby.
M: Yes, go on.
W: Later, working together in London, they laid the foundations of modern Physics by
showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic
particles. For this he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1910,
and did so again in 1912 for their work on very high frequency radio waves. In his
lifetime, Hawtin patented 244 inventions. Do you want any more?
M: Yes, when did he go to America?
W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York and died there suddenly after only
three weeks. Still he was a good age.
M: Yes, I suppose so. Well, thanks.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q1: What do we learn about Denys Hawtin when he was 15?
Q2: What did Denys Hawtin do at the age of 24?
Q3: For what were Denys Hawtin and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a second time?
Q4: Why did Denys Hawtin go to New York?
：
必备词汇
Conversation 2 ：
选项预览
5. A) The injury of some students.
B) A school bus crash on the way.
C) The collapse of a school building.
018D) A fire that broke out on a school campus.
6. A) Teaching. C) Having lunch.
B) On vacation. D) Holding a meeting.
7. A) A malfunctioning stove.
B) Cigarettes butts left by workers.
C) Violation of traffic rules.
D) Negligence in school maintenance.
8. A) Sent a story to the local newspaper.
B) Threw a small Thanksgiving party.
C) Baked some cookies as a present.
D) Wrote a personal letter of thanks.
：
听力原文
W: This is Lisa Meyer in the WBZ newsroom, talking with Mike Bassichis, who is the
director of the Gifford School, about the cleanup from last week’s fire and what the
possible cause of that blaze may have been.
M: We’re getting ready for our entire staff to return early from vacation tomorrow
whereupon we are going to move into temporary classrooms. And the other buildings
that did not burn are being de-smoked. As to the cause of the fire, all we know is
that we were having trouble with the pilot lights since we bought the stove in July
and it had been serviced three times. Well, as a matter of fact, we think it was a
malfunctioning stove that may have caused the fire. Nothing definite yet has been
determined.
W: Have you heard from other schools or other institutional users of this stove that have
had the same problem?
M: No. I wouldn’t know anything more about the stove itself. All I know is that this fire
went up so quickly that there’s been a suspicion about why it went up so quickly.
And it may be that there was a gas blast. But, again, this has not been determined
officially by anybody.
W: I got you. When do kids come back to school?
M: Next Monday, and we will be ready for them. Monday January 4. We’re just
019六级听力讲义
extremely thrilled that no one was hurt and that’s because of the fire fighters that
were here, nine of them. They’re wonderful.
W: And I’m sure you send your thanks out to them, uh?
M: Well, we’re sending out thanks to them in a letter or in any other way we can. I heard
a story today where one of our kids actually baked some cookies and is taking it to
the fire department, to give it to them.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q5: What were the speakers talking about?
Q6: What were the school staff doing at the time of the accident?
Q7: What was supposed to be the cause of the accident?
Q8: What did one of the kids do to show gratitude?
：
必备词汇
【长对话专项训练】
（一）读选项推断问题
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) To teach at a university.
B) To patent his inventions.
C) To spend his remaining years.
D) To have a three-week holiday.
：
听力原文
M: Yes, when did he go to America?
W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York and died there suddenly after only
three weeks. Still he was a good age.
M: Yes, I suppose so. Well, thanks.
Q: Why did Denys Hawtin go to New York?
0202. ：
例 选项预览
A) Irresponsible. B) Unsatisfactory. C) Aggressive. D) Conservative.
：
听力原文
M: Do sit down.
W: Thank you.
M: I’m glad you’re interested in our job. Now, let me explain it. We plan to increase our
advertising considerably. At present, an advertising agency handles our account, but
we haven’t been too pleased with the results lately and we may give our account to
another agency.
Q: What does the man think of their present advertising agency?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) Prepare for his exams. C) Attend the concert.
B) Catch up on his work. D) Go on a vacation.
：
听力原文
W: Can you come to the concert with me this weekend? Or do you have to prepare for
exams?
M: I still have a lot to do, but maybe a break would do me good.
Q: What will the man probably do?
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.
B) More workers will be needed to do packaging.
C) They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.
D) It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.
：
听力原文
M: What you are really saying is that we’d make more profit by selling bikes abroad,
where we have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.
021六级听力讲义
W: Exactly.
M: But, wait a minute. Packaging, shipping, financing, etc. will push up our cost and we
could end up no better off, maybe worse off.
W: OK. Now there are extra costs involved. But if we do it right, they can be built into
the price of the bike and we can still be competitive.
Q: What is the man’s concern about selling bikes abroad?
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) At a travel agency. C) At a checkout counter.
B) At a hotel front desk. D) At a commercial bank.
：
听力原文
M: I’d like to transfer money from my checking account to my savings account.
W: OK. Give me the numbers of both accounts and some identification, please.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
（二）读选项锁定关注目标
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) She has the motivation to do the job.
B) She knows the tricks of advertising.
C) She is not so easy to get along with.
D) She is not suitable for the position.
：
听力原文
M: Before you get carried away with your little scene, Miss Wenzmore, I regret to have
to tell you again that we are not planning to go into television.
W: That’s a shame. I’ve been doing a lot of television work lately and it interests me
enormously.
M: Then I really don’t think that this is quite the right job for you here, Miss Wenzmore.
Q: What does the man think of the woman applicant?
0222. ：
例 选项预览
A) He was out of his mind. C) His wife deserted him.
B) He was unemployed. D) His children were sick.
：
听力原文
M: Well, the reasons were a little muddied. Probably at least it seemed in a trial that he
did it to get some money to feed his family. You see, he’d been out of work for some
time.
W: Well, he’d been out of work and he chose to break into a house to get money for his
family and apparently in front of people that, er... could see him do it.
Q: What do we learn about the man at the time of the crime?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) She does not like John at all.
B) John has got many admirers.
C) She does not think John is handsome.
D) John has just got a bachelor’s degree.
：
听力原文
M: John is handsome and wealthy. Believe it or not, he is still a bachelor.
W: He is a notorious guy in many girls’ eyes. I’m sick of hearing his name.
Q: What does the woman mean?
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) They will get their degrees in two years.
B) They are both pursuing graduate studies.
C) They cannot afford to get married right now.
D) They do not want to have a baby at present.
：
听力原文
W: Have Lisa and Eric started a family yet? They’ve been married for two years now.
023六级听力讲义
M: Eric told me that they postponed having children until he gets his doctoral degree.
Q: What do we learn about Lisa and Eric?
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) The woman will attend the opening of the museum.
B) The woman is asking the way at the crossroads.
C) The man knows where the museum is located.
D) The man will take the woman to the museum.
：
听力原文
W: Excuse me. Will it take me long to get to the museum that opens to the public
recently?
M: No, it’ s no distance at all. In fact, I’m going in the same direction. Come and I’ll
show you the way when we get to the crossroads.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【长对话真题演练1】
：
选项预览
9. A) Persuade the man to join her company.
B) Employ the most up-to-date technology.
C) Export bikes to foreign markets.
D) Expand their domestic business.
10. A) The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.
B) The government has control over bicycle imports.
C) They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.
D) They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.
11. A) Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.
B) More workers will be needed to do packaging.
C) They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.
D) It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.
02412. A) Report to the management.
B) Attract foreign investments.
C) Conduct a feasibility study.
D) Consult financial experts.
：
听力原文
W: Jack, sit down and listen. This is important. We’ll have to tackle the problems of the
exporting step by step. And the first move is to get an up-to-date picture of where we
stand now.
M: Why don’t we just concentrate on expanding here at home?
W: Of course, we should hold on to our position here. But you must admit the market
here is limited.
M: Yes, but it’s safe. The government keeps out foreigners with import controls. So I
must admit I feel sure we could hold our own against foreign bikes.
W: I agree. That’s why I am suggesting exporting. Because I feel we can compete with
the best of them.
M: What you are really saying is that we’d make more profit by selling bikes abroad,
where we have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.
W: Exactly.
M: But, wait a minute. Packaging, shipping, financing, etc. will push up our cost and we
could end up no better off, maybe worse off.
W: OK. Now there are extra costs involved. But if we do it right, they can be built into
the price of the bike and we can still be competitive.
M: How sure are you about our chances of success in the foreign market?
W: Well, that’s the sticky one. It’s going to need a lot of research. I’m hoping to get your
help. Well, come on, Jack. Is it worth it, or not?
M: There will be a lot of problems.
W: Nothing we can’t handle.
M: Um... I’m not that hopeful. But, yes, I think we should go ahead with the feasibility
study.
W: Marvelous, Jack. I was hoping you be on my side.
025六级听力讲义
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q9: What does the woman intend to do?
Q10: Why does the man think it’s safe to focus on the home market?
Q11: What is the man’s concern about selling bikes abroad?
Q12: What do the speakers agree to do?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
1. A) It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.
B) It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.
C) It studies the impacts of global climate change on people’s lives.
D) It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.
2. A) It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.
B) It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.
C) It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.
D) It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.
3. A) The raising of people’s awareness.
B) The signing of a global agreement.
C) The cooperation among world major powers.
D) The transition to low-carbon energy systems.
4. A) Plan well in advance.
B) Adopt new technology.
C) Carry out more research on it.
D) Cut down energy consumption.
：
听力原文
W: Professor Henderson, could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you
work and your main area of research?
M: Well the Center for Climate Research where I work links the science of climate
change to issues around economics and policy. Some of our research is to do with the
026likely impacts of climate change and all of the associated risks.
W: And how strong is the evidence that climate change is happening? That it’s really
something we need to be worried about.
M: Well most of the science of climate change, particularly that to do with global
warming, is simply fact. But other aspects of the science are less certain, or at least
more disputed. And so we’re really talking about risk. What the economics tells us is
that it’s probably cheaper to avoid climate change to avoid the risk than it has to deal
with the likely consequences.
W: So what are we doing? What can we do about it?
M: Well I would argue that we need to develop the science specifically to understand
the likely impacts of climate change in different contexts. As I said, we need to
understand the best ways of avoiding climate change and this will involve a huge
transition to low carbon energy systems and the transition is a tremendous priority.
And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale. From a political
perspective, we need to understand the terms on which major countries like China
and the USA might sign up to a global agreement because at the moment we don’t
have that consensus.
W: Right.
M: And we also need to plan ahead so that we’re in a position to deal with the likely
levels of climate change which are already inevitable and even more so to for the
levels that are likely if we don’t get those global agreements.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q1: What does Professor Henderson say about his main area of research?
Q2: What does Professor Henderson say about climate change?
Q3: What does Professor Henderson say is a top priority in combating climate change?
Q4: What does Professor Henderson advise us to do to better deal with climate change?
：
必备词汇
027六级听力讲义
【长对话真题演练2】
：
选项预览
9. A) He talked to her on the phone.
B) He had a quarrel with Marsha.
C) He made a business trip.
D) He resolved a budget problem.
10. A) She has developed some serious mental problem.
B) She may have to be fired for poor performance.
C) She supervises a number of important projects.
D) She is in charge of the firm’s budget planning.
11. A) Something unexpected happened at her home.
B) David promised to go on the trip in her place.
C) She failed to arrive at the airport on time.
D) She was not feeling herself on that day.
12. A) He often fails to follow through on his projects.
B) He has been trying hard to cover for Marsha.
C) He is always finding fault with Marsha.
D) He frequently gets things mixed up.
：
听力原文
W: What is it, Bob? You sounded pretty serious on the phone. Have we still got a budget
problem?
M: I don’t know. I hope not. The meeting’s on Friday. But that’s not what I want to talk
to you about. Er... Close the door, will you? It’s Marsha.
W: Marsha? What about her?
M: I am worried. I don’t know what to do. She is just not performing. We may have to
let her go.
W: Fire her? She’s been with us a long time, Bob. If she leaves, it will be a big loss to us.
She’s done really excellent work.
M: Yes, but lately, the last month or so in fact, there have been a lot of problems. She’s
changed. Not only did she have a tendency to be moody all the time, but she misses
028appointments, doesn’t follow through on projects and doesn’t seem to plan anything
till the last minute.
W: Em... Did she ever explain why she didn’t show up for the Denver Trip?
M: No, she said she was sorry and that it wouldn’t happen again. Something about her
mixed up on the arrangement to get to the airport. Now whenever anybody mentions
the subject to her, she just goes silent. I don’t know. Thank goodness, David pulled
her out as a whole on that one.
W: Yes, he did a really fine job, filling in for Marsha like that at the last minute.
M: I don’t think it was the first time he’s had to do that. If we knew all the facts, I think
we’d found that he has been covering for Marsha on quite a few projects.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q9: What did the man do before he came to see the woman?
Q10: What does the man say about Marsha?
Q11: How did Marsha explain why she didn’t show up for the Denver Trip?
Q12: What does the man say about David?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.
B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.
C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.
D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.
6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.
B) They are better at sports than at academic work.
C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.
D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.
7. A) About 15%. C) Slightly over 50%.
B) Around 40%. D) Approximately 70%.
8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.
029六级听力讲义
B) College degrees do not count much to them.
C) They have little interest in academic work.
D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.
：
听力原文
W: According to a study of Race & Equity in Education, black athletes are dropping out
of college across the country at alarming rates. With us to talk about the findings in
the study is Washington Post columnist Kevin Blackstone. Good morning!
M: Good morning. How are you?
W: Fine, thank you. What is new that you found in this study?
M: Well, this is Shaun Harper’s study. And he points out that on major college campuses
across the country, black males make up less than 3 percent of undergraduate
enrollments. Yet, when you look at their numbers or percentages on the revenue-
generating sports teams of football and basketball, they make up well into 50-
60 percent of those teams. So the idea is that they are really there to be part of the
revenue-generating working class of athletes on campus, and not necessarily there to
be part of the educating class as most students in other groups are.
W: Compared with other groups, I think the numbers in this group at those 65 schools
are something like just barely more than half of the black male athletes graduate at
all.
M: Exactly. And what’s really bad about this is these athletes are supposedly promised at
least one thing as reward for all their blood and sweat. And that is a college degree,
which can be a transformative tool in our society when you talk about upward
mobility. And that’s really the troubling part about this.
W: Well, this has been talked about so much, really, in recent years. Why hasn’t
changed?
M: Well, I think one of the reasons it hasn’t changed is because there is really no
economic pressure to change this. All of the incentive is really on winning and not
losing on the field or on the court. Coaches do not necessarily have the incentive to
graduate players.
030Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q5: What are the speakers talking about?
Q6: What is the new finding about black male athletes in the study?
Q7: What is the graduation rate of black male athletes?
Q8: What accounts for black athletes’ failure to obtain a college degree according to the
man?
：
必备词汇
二、篇章技巧精讲 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
， 3-4 ， 7 ，
篇章题型通常考查两篇文章 每篇文章后设置 个小题 一共 道小题 分值
7%。 240—260 。
比例 文章篇幅大约 个词
， 、 。
篇章题型常考查议论文和记叙文 且选取的文章篇幅比较长 信息量比较大
， ， ， ，
答题时 首先利用错位听音法 预览选项 推测文章的大致方向 分析选项之间
， 。
的逻辑关系 找出不同题干下相关联的内容
：
听音时需注意以下三点
1） ： ，
主题句一般出现在一段话的开头或者结尾
，
它们对整篇文章起到了概括或总结的作用 同时也包含了说话人对所谈内容的观点或
。
态度
2） ： ， 、 、 、
边听边做笔记 尤其是数字 时间 人名
、 、 、 。
地名 出生日期 事件年份 情感以及人物关系等等
3） ： 。
一般题目顺序都和文章顺序一致 所以在标
， 。
记选项中的关键词时 注意各题选项之间具有区分性的词
【大纲样题】
Passage 1 ：
选项预览
9. A) It is a trait of generous character.
B) It is a reflection of self-esteem.
C) It is an indicator of high intelligence.
031六级听力讲义
D) It is a sign of happiness and confidence.
10. A) It was self-defeating.
B) It was aggressive.
C) It was the essence of comedy.
D) It was something admirable.
11. A) It is a double-edged sword.
B) It is a feature of a given culture.
C) It is a unique gift of human beings.
D) It is a result of both nature and nurture.
：
听力原文
In today’s personality stakes, nothing is more highly valued than a sense of humor. We
seek it out in others and are proud to claim it in ourselves, perhaps even more than good
looks or intelligence. If someone has a great sense of humor, we reason, it means that they are
happy, socially confident and have a healthy perspective on life.
This attitude would have surprised the ancient Greeks, who believed humor to be
essentially aggressive. And in fact, our admiration for the comically gifted is relatively new
and not very well-founded, says Rod Martin, a psychologist at the University of Western
Ontario. Being funny isn’t necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well-being, his
research has shown. It may just as likely be a sign of personality flaws.
He has found that humor is a double-edged sword. It can forge better relationships and
help you cope with life, or it can be corrosive, eating away at self-esteem and irritating others.
“It’s a form of communication, like speech, and we all use it differently,” says Martin. We
use bonding humor to enhance our social connections, but we also may employ it as a way of
excluding or rejecting an outsider.
Though humor is essentially social, how you use it says a lot about your sense of self.
Those who use self-defeating humor, making fun of themselves for the enjoyment of others,
tend to maintain that hostility toward themselves even when alone. Similarly, those who
are able to view the world with amused tolerance are often equally forgiving of their own
shortcomings.
032Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q9: How do people today view humor according to the speaker?
Q10: What did the ancient Greeks think of humor?
Q11: What has psychologist Rod Martin found about humor?
：
必备词汇
Passage 2 ：
选项预览
12. A) She is a tourist guide.
B) She is an interpreter.
C) She is a domestic servant.
D) She is from the royal family.
13. A) It is situated at the foot of a beautiful mountain.
B) It was used by the family to hold dinner parties.
C) It was frequently visited by heads of state.
D) It is furnished like one in a royal palace.
14. A) It is elaborately decorated.
B) It has survived some 2,000 years.
C) It is very big, with only six slim legs.
D) It is shaped like an ancient Spanish boat.
15. A) They are interesting to look at.
B) They have lost some of their legs.
C) They do not match the oval table at all.
D) They are uncomfortable to sit in for long.
：
听力原文
And now, if you walk this way, ladies and gentlemen, the next room we’re going to see
is the room in which the family used to hold their formal dinner parties and even occasionally
entertain heads of state and royalty. However, they managed to keep this room friendly and
intimate and I think you’ll agree it has a very informal atmosphere, quite unlike some grand
houses you visit. The curtains were never drawn, even at night, so guests got a view of the
033六级听力讲义
lake and fountains outside which were lit up at night, a very attractive sight.
As you can see, ladies and gentlemen, the guests were seated very informally around this
oval table, which would add to the relaxed atmosphere. The table dates from the 18th century
and is made from Spanish oak. It’s rather remarkable for the fact that although it is extremely
big, it’s supported by just six rather slim legs. However, it seems to have survived like that for
200 years. So it’s probably going to last a bit longer. The chairs which go with the table are
not a complete set—there were originally six of them. They are interesting for the fact that
they are very plain and undecorated for the time, with only one plain central panel at the back
and no arm-rests. I myself find them rather uncomfortable to sit in for very long, but people
were used to more discomfort in the past. And now, ladies and gentlemen, if you’d like to
follow me into the great hall...
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q12: What do we learn about the speaker?
Q13: What does the speaker say about the room they are visiting?
Q14: What is said about the oval table in the room?
Q15: What does the speaker say about the chairs?
：
必备词汇
【篇章专项训练】
（一）宏观方面（主旨大意）
1. ，
段落首句、末句处：第一句话往往是重点 有时最后一句话也会体现文章的主
。
旨大意
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking.
B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.
C) They are good at refining old formulas.
D) They bring their potential into full play.
034：
听力原文
Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wander outside traditional
ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-
Claude Killy made the French National Ski Team in the early 1960s, he was prepared to work
harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn he would run up the slopes with
his skis on, an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting
and running. But the other team members were working as hard and long as he was. He
realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began
challenging the basic theories of racing technique.
Q: What does the speaker say about most successful people?
2. 、 。
设问句处：一般疑问句升调处 特殊疑问句和特殊疑问词处
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) It boosts one’s confidence when looking for employment.
B) It matters a lot in jobs involving interaction with others.
C) It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.
D) It enhances people’s ability to work independently.
：
听力原文
Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: Will looking smarter enhance
my ability to do my job? For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you
work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. But if your job involves
interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes.
Q: What does the speaker say about looking smarter?
3. in brief，in short，all in all，generally speaking，conclude，
总结性质的词汇处：
conclusion，consequently, in a word，so，you see，in fact，we can say，OK，most
important of all，anyway...
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) They make careful preparation beforehand.
B) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.
035六级听力讲义
C) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.
D) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.
：
听力原文
Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous
system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself:
“Don’t hit the ball into the water.” His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water.
So guess where the ball will go? Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus
only on what you want to have happen.
Q: What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?
4. ，
重复性质的信息（实词重复）处：如果某一实词在文章中反复多次出现 其往
。
往就是正确答案
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) Find appropriate topics.
B) Stimulate their interest.
C) Explain all the jargon terms.
D) Do away with jargon terms.
：
听力原文
Thus, it’s important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science
subjects. This is especially true with issues related to public health, like the safety of new
medications and the benefits of vaccines. Schulman concedes that the use of jargon is
appropriate with scientific audiences. But scientists who want to communicate with the
general public need to modify their language. They need to eliminate jargon.
Q: What does Schulman suggest scientists do when communicating with the general
public?
5. but，however，yet，instead，today，unfortunately
首段转折处：
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.
036B) It is well located and completely automated.
C) It is small and unconventional.
D) It is fertile and productive.
：
听力原文
There’s a lot about Leo Sanchez and his farm in Salinas, California that seems unusual.
The national average farm size is around 440 acres, but his only one acre. The average age
of farmers hovers around 58 years old, but his just 26. And Sanchez constantly attempts to
improve everything from seeding techniques out in the field to the promotion and sale of his
produce online.
Q: What do we learn about Leo Sanchez’s farm?
（二）微观方面（细节信息）
1. although，though，even though，despite，in spite of，however，
转折、对比处：
but，yet，not... but...，instead，on the other hand，unexpected，unexpectedly，
unfortunately，fortunately
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) They do not reflect young girls’ aspirations.
B) They are not sold together with the original.
C) Their flat feet do not appeal to adolescents.
D) Their body shapes have not changed much.
：
听力原文
Now they are introducing new Barbies with three slightly different body shapes while
the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold. In a statement on its website, the
company says it wants Barbies to look more like real people, and to give girls everywhere
infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out their stories. Although many
people say the new Barbies are a step in the right direction, some people say they don’t go far
enough. They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original,
tall, thin Barbies. Sales of Barbie dolls have been falling “every year since 2012,” according
037六级听力讲义
to CBC News.
Q: Why do some people feel unsatisfied with the new Barbie dolls?
2. because，cause，for，as，since，be due to，lead to，result from，
因果关系处：
result in，as a result， thus，so
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) The possibility of ruining her family.
B) Becoming aware of her declining health.
C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.
D) Reading a book about slowing down.
：
听力原文
I came across a book called In Praise of Slowness and realized that being busy is not only
detrimental, but also has the danger of turning life into an endless race. So I started practicing
the various practical steps mentioned by the author in the book, and began to revolt against
the very idea of being too busy.
Q: What makes the speaker change her life style?
3. ...be known as，that is so called，we call
数字、专有名词、定义、研究发现处：
it...，the definition of... is...，show that，find that，reveal that
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) They appear restless.
B) They become upset.
C) They lose consciousness.
D) They die almost instantly.
：
听力原文
Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small
furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. Blood samples
taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger when injected into guinea pigs have
038killed them in less than two minutes.
Q: What happens to guinea pigs when blood samples of angry people are injected into
them?
4. 、 。
强调处：语气强硬的词 形容词和副词最高级等
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.
B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.
C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.
D) It often happens to people with speech defects.
：
听力原文
Myers has been diagnosed with Foreign Accent Syndrome. It’s a disorder in which a
person experiences a sudden change to their speech so that they sound like they’re speaking
in a foreign accent. The condition is most often caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Although people with the syndrome have intelligible speech, their manner of speaking is
altered in terms of timing and tongue placement, which may distort their pronunciation. The
result is that they may sound foreign when speaking their native language.
Q: What does the passage say about Foreign Accent Syndrome?
5. 、 、 。
特殊修辞处：排比处 举例处 比喻处
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) Small daily savings can make a big difference in one’s life.
B) A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.
C) Retirement savings should come first in one’s family budgeting.
D) A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one’s colleagues.
：
听力原文
One Chicago woman, for example, discovered that daily lunches with coworkers cost
039六级听力讲义
her $2,000 a year; she decided to take lunch to work instead. “I now put $20 a week into my
vacation fund, and another 20 into retirement savings,” she says, “those mean more to me than
lunch”.
Q: What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?
【篇章真题演练1】
：
选项预览
20. A) She was the first African-American slave to publish a book.
B) She was born about the time of the War of Independence.
C) She was the greatest female poet in Colonial America.
D) She was the first educated slave of John Wheatley’s.
21. A) Turn to the colonial governor for help.
B) Go through a scholarly examination.
C) Obtain consent from her owner.
D) Revise it a number of times.
22. A) Religious scripts popular among slaves in America.
B) Literary works calling for the abolition of slavery.
C) A rich stock of manuscripts left by historical figures.
D) Lots of lost works written by African-American women.
：
听力原文
Phillis Wheatley was a young African-American slave, who belonged to landowner John
Wheatley in Colonial America. She was also a poet and the first African-American ever to
publish a book. Her poems on various subjects, religious and moral, were printed in Boston in
1773, three years before the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
Early slaves were generally denied education, but Wheatley was allowed by her owner to
study poetry, Latin and the Bible. And by the time she reached her late teens, she had written
enough poetry to put together a slender book of verse. Even so, publication was difficult. The
publisher, fearful of being cheated, forced her to submit to a scholarly examination by a board
of educated men, including the colonial governor. The board of judges questioned Wheatley
extensively and ruled that she was educated enough to have written the book. Only then was
040publication permitted.
Wheatley may have been the first but she was not the only slave to write a book during
the growing days of the Republic. Unfortunately, most of the early popular African-American
writers have been all but forgotten in modern times until now. A Cornell professor Henry
Louis Gates recently studied a research project looking into 19th-century African-American
fiction and poetry.
In the process, he uncovered numerous lost works, almost half of which were written by
African-American women. In varied literary styles, the newly resurfaced manuscripts offered
a rich stock of African-American culture, recreating among other things the early days of
slavery and the importance of religion to the slaves.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q20: What does the speaker say about Phillis Wheatley?
Q21: What was Wheatley forced to do to get her book published?
Q22: What did professor Henry Louis Gates uncover in the process of his research?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
9. A) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.
B) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.
C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.
D) They make careful preparations beforehand.
10. A) Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance.
B) Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.
C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.
D) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.
11. A) Anticipate possible problems.
B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.
C) Try to appear more professional.
D) Picture themselves succeeding.
041六级听力讲义
12. A) She won her first jury trial.
B) She wore a designer dress.
C) She presented moving pictures.
D) She did not speak loud enough.
：
听力原文
When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too
much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about
to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to
make on the jury. She replied: “I don’t want to look too inexperienced. I don’t want them to
suspect this is my first trial.” This lawyer had fallen victim to the “don’ts” syndrome—a form
of negative goals setting. The “don’ts” can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to
pictures.
Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous
system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself:
“Don’t hit the ball into the water.” His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water.
So guess where the ball will go?
Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to
have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this
time she said: “I want to look professional and self-assured.” I told her to create a picture
of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court
room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the
judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning
trial. A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q9: What do some people do when they face a new situation?
Q10: What does the research conducted at Stanford University show?
Q11: What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?
Q12: What do we learn about the lawyer in the court?
042：
必备词汇
【篇章真题演练2】
：
选项预览
16. A) Maintain the traditional organizational culture.
B) Learn new ways of relating and working together.
C) Follow closely the fast development of technology.
D) Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.
17. A) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.
B) How the team is built to keep improving its performance.
C) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.
D) What qualifications team members should be equipped with.
18. A) A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.
B) Teams must consist of members from different cultures.
C) Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.
D) A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.
：
听力原文
Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management.
Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore
the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this
coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully
realized. Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new
ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist
of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to
traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be
created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but
how it integrates with the overall organization or society that it supposedly serves. A group
of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in
order to improve the group’s performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the
cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that
043六级听力讲义
team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what
each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique
and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural
managers exhibit understanding of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations.
They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as
well as assuredness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole
would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q16: What should team members do to fully realize their potential?
Q17: What needs to be considered for effective team management?
Q18: What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
16. A) The cozy communal life.
B) The cultural diversity.
C) Innovative academic programs.
D) Impressive school buildings.
17. A) It is very beneficial to their academic progress.
B) It helps them soak up the surrounding culture.
C) It is as important as their learning experience.
D) It ensures their physical and mental health.
18. A) It offers the most challenging academic programs.
B) It has the world’s best-known military academies.
C) It provides numerous options for students.
D) It draws faculty from all around the world.
19. A) They try to give students opportunities for experimentation.
B) They are responsible merely to their Ministry of Education.
C) They strive to develop every student’s academic potential.
044D) They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention.
：
听力原文
Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular
US college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance to soak up the
surrounding culture. Few foreign universities put much emphasis on the cozy communal life
that characterizes American campuses from clubs and sports teams to student publications and
drama societies. “The campus and the American university have become identical in people’s
minds,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America, it is assumed that
a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.” Foreign students also come
in search of choices. America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions,
private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions, military academies—
is unrivaled. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both
Harvard and Cambridge, “there is one system, and that is it.”
While students overseas usually must demonstrate expertise in a specific field, whether
law or philosophy or chemistry, most American universities insist that students sample natural
and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration. Such
opposing philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and
Japan, universities are answerable only to a ministry of education, which sets academic
standards and distributes money.
While centralization ensures that all students are equipped with roughly the same
resources and perform at roughly the same level, it also discourages experimentation.
“When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the
Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like
steering a supertanker.”
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q16: What does the speaker say characterizes American campuses?
Q17: What does Brown University president Vartan Gregorian say about students’ daily
life?
Q18: In what way is the United States unrivaled according to the speaker?
045六级听力讲义
Q19: What does the speaker say about universities in Europe and Japan?
：
必备词汇
三、讲话 / 报导 / 讲座技巧精讲 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
/ / ， 3-4 ， 10
讲话 报导 讲座题型通常考查三篇文章 每篇文章后设置 个小题 一共
， 20%。 450-500 。
道小题 分值比例 文章篇幅大约 个词
， ， ， / / ，
答题时 首先利用错位听音法 通过预览选项 预测讲话 报导 讲座的内容 分
， 。
析选项之间的逻辑关系 找出不同题干下相关联的内容
：
听音时需注意以下三点
1） ： ，
主题句一般出现在讲座的开头或结尾 对整
，
篇文章起概括总结的作用 同时这些主题句也是讲座的中心论点或演讲者的观点和态
， 。
度 其后面的句子往往是对主题细节的阐述
2） ： ， 、 、 、
边听边做笔记 尤其是时间 地点 人物
、 、 、 、 、 。
年代 数字 事物特征 原因 结果 目的等相关内容
3） ： 。
一般题目顺序都和文章顺序一致 所以在标
， 。
记选项中的关键词时 注意各题选项之间具有区分性的词
【大纲样题】
Recording 1 ：
选项预览
16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.
B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.
C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.
D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.
17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B) The feeling of not being important any more.
C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.
D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.
18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.
046B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.
D) The possession of wealth and high respect.
19.A) The urgency of pension reform.
B) Medical care for senior citizens.
C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.
D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.
：
听力原文
Moderator:
Hello, Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker
for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington
University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in
our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller.
Dr. Miller:
Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story
from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together.
Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with
the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of
his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for almost 60 years. Fighting
back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up,
and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having
to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an
extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a
limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.
For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so
pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity
and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status,
occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies
that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language
047六级听力讲义
is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you
came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and
white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to
replace or discard.
Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension
reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while
these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important
issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with
changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful
roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
First of all, I’d like to talk about...
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q16: What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books?
Q17: What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?
Q18: What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?
Q19: What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?
：
必备词汇
Recording 2 ：
选项预览
20. A) It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.
B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.
C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.
D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.
21. A) They will live longer.
B) They get better pay.
C) They get along well with people.
D) They develop much higher IQs.
22. A) Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.
B) Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.
048C) Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.
D) Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.
：
听力原文
The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food
Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the
conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have
serious and long-lasting impacts.
Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check
the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than
well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.
Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will
stay in school longer. And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children
who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”
Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generations depends in a large
part on the first 1,000 days of life.
“This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition.
After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”
The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for
decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.
“It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don’t have the
politicians on board, and also the... people that implement programs in the field.”
Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning
to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief
programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing
micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive
breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.
Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting
a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So
they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and
049六级听力讲义
also educating people on how to feed their young children.”
Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But
she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus
on those critical first thousand days.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q20: What is the experts’ conclusion regarding children’s undernourishment in their
earliest days of life?
Q21: What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?
Q22: What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
：
必备词汇
Recording 3 ：
选项预览
23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B) The huge volume of its annual sales.
C) The service it provides to its customers.
D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.
24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.
B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.
C) Those that require very careful handling.
D) Services involving a personal element.
25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.
B) Those who have to work long hours.
C) Those who are used to online transactions.
D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.
：
听力原文
I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or
service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and
others that simply don’t work.
050Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and
DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still
have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling
only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual
environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the
buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.
Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial
transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to
success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become
the market leader, as Skype has proved.
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual
environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-
related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.
Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that
have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along
with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold
necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-
to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most
major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the
food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods
delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long
hours and those without their own transport.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q23: What is important to the success of an online store?
Q24: What products are unsuitable for selling online?
Q25: Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
：
必备词汇
051六级听力讲义
【讲话/报导/讲座专项训练】
/ / 、 、 、 、
讲话 报导 讲座题型采用的大多是关于经济 人文 社会 科技 环境主题的演
、 、 。 。
讲 对话或者议论 说明性质的文章 常考查的题型包括主旨题和细节题
：
讲座题型文章的常见开头
Today we are going to talk about...
I’ d like to begin my lecture by introducing...
Let’s focus on...
Let’s now take a look at...
Last time, we talked about...
Today, we will be discussing... / We are going to move on...
We’ve been talking about... / Today, let’s discuss...
（一）主旨题解题技巧
1.
题目形式
What is the speaker’s main point?
What is the main idea of the lecture?
What does the speaker mainly talk about?
2.
解题技巧
/ / ，
着重关注讲话 报导 讲座的开头部分 开头部分一般都会提出文章所要阐述的问
。
题或作者的观点
3.
错误选项特征
：
太笼统 所述内容超出了讲座的关注范畴
：
太具体 是材料中的某一个支撑细节而不是主要观点
： ，
不准确 根据说话人的观点 此选项错误或部分错误
：
不相关 说话人没有提及
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.
B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.
C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.
D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
052：
听力原文
The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few
weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons
in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.
A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between
1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two million people. These
catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses. U.N. weather expert
Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news.
“Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds
pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are
getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will
continue to occur. But, the message is that they need not be disasters.”
Q: What is the talk mainly about?
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) Similarities between human babies and baby animals.
B) Cognitive features of different newly born mammals.
C) Adults’ influence on children.
D) Abilities of human babies.
：
听力原文
In last week’s lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of
several mammals. You probably remember that human infants are less developed physically
than other mammals of the same age. But in today’s lecture, we’ll look at three very
interesting studies that hint at surprising abilities of human babies.
Q: What are the three interesting studies about?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) Older people’s aversion to new music.
B) Older people’s changing musical tastes.
C) Insights into the features of good music.
053六级听力讲义
D) Deterioration in the quality of new music.
：
听力原文
Why do old people dislike new music? As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age
say things like “They just don’t make good music like they used to.” Why does this happen?
Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical taste begin to
crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked
into place pretty firmly.
Q: What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) Social work as a profession.
B) The history of social work.
C) Academic degrees required of social work applicants.
D) The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.
：
听力原文
Hi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and
a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers.
Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping
profession. Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic
needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living
in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other
professions, because we focus on the person and environment.
Q: What does the speaker mainly talk about?
（二）细节题解题技巧
1.
题目形式
What does the professor say about...?
What do we learn about...?
054How does the speaker describe...?
What point does the professor make about...?
What...? Who...? Where...? When...? Why...?
2.
题目类型
主要概念及对新术语的解释
事物及概念的特征
具体事件的原因及影响
新的事实
3.
错误选项特征
，
重复了说话人的一些词语 但表达了不同的意思
所使用的词汇发音与说话人提到的一些词相似
，
根据说话人的观点 此选项错误或不准确
说话人没有提及
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) Their longer lifespans.
B) Fewer home helpers available.
C) Their preference for private services.
D) More of them suffering serious illnesses.
：
听力原文
From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services.
The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible. But
this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social
care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matters. However, at a
time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government
cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management
even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments
emphasized the need to improve services.
Q: What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?
055六级听力讲义
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) It may harm the culture of today’s workplace.
B) It may hinder individual career advancement.
C) It may result in unwillingness to take risks.
D) It may put too much pressure on team members.
：
听力原文
Today I’d like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team
player is an essential skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and
collaborate on projects is a sought-after ability in nearly every position. However, placing
too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.
Don’t be overly focused on gaining consensus. Don’t be too concerned with the opinions of
others. This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak up and gain recognition for your
individual skills and strengths.
Q: What does the speaker say about being over collaborative?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) They encourage international cooperation.
B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.
C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.
D) They favour scientists from its member countries.
：
听力原文
Good afternoon, class. Today I want to discuss with you a new approach to empirical
research. In the past, scientists often worked alone. They were confined to the university or
research center where they worked. Today, though, we are seeing mergers of some of the
greatest scientific minds regardless of their location. There has never been a better time for
collaborations with foreign scientists. In fact, the European Union is taking the lead. Spurred
on by funding policies, half of European research articles had international co-authors in
2007.
Q: What do we learn about the research funding policies in the European Union?
0564. ：
例 选项预览
A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.
B) By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs.
C) By having people wear motion-detecting watches.
D) By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.
：
听力原文
Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. Instead, we lend people motion-
detecting watches, and they wear them for a week at a time. Whenever they are not having a
shower or swimming, they keep it on. These kinds of watches are used in sleep studies as a
way of measuring how long people are sleeping, how efficient their sleep is, and whether they
are waking up in the night.
Q: How did the speaker conduct the sleep study?
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) Wood was harmonious with nature.
B) Wooden buildings kept the cold out.
C) Timber was abundant in Scandinavia.
D) The Vikings liked wooden structures.
：
听力原文
The reason for constructing the buildings from wood is probably that ideally
proportioned straight and slender timber was available in large quantities in Scandinavia’s
vast pine forests. As wood was so plentiful, it was cheaper to use than the stone used in the
buildings of other European cultures.
Q: Why were the Viking churches constructed from wood?
【讲话/报导/讲座真题演练1】
：
选项预览
23. A) He is a politician. C) He is a sociologist.
B) He is a businessman. D) He is an economist.
057六级听力讲义
24. A) In slums. C) In pre-industrial societies.
B) In Africa. D) In developing countries.
25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.
B) Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.
C) They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.
D) Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.
：
听力原文
Hello, today I’m going to talk about poverty.
Poverty has become a critical issue in today’s world. It concerns not only us sociologists,
but also economists, politicians and business people. Poverty has been understood in many
different ways. One useful way is to distinguish between three degrees of poverty: extreme
poverty, moderate poverty, and relative poverty.
The first type of poverty is extreme poverty; it’s also called absolute poverty. In extreme
poverty, households cannot meet basic needs for survival. People are chronically hungry. They
are unable to access safe drinking water, let alone health care. They cannot afford education
for their children. In short, people who live in extreme poverty do not have even the minimum
resources to support themselves and their families. Where does extreme poverty occur? Well,
you can find it only in developing countries.
Well, what about moderate poverty? Unlike extreme poverty, moderate poverty generally
refers to conditions of life in which basic needs are met but barely. People living in moderate
poverty have the resources to keep themselves alive, but only at a very basic level. For example,
they may have access to drinking water, but not clean, safe drinking water. They may have a
home to shelter themselves, but it does not have power supply, a telephone or plumbing.
The third kind of poverty is relative poverty. Relative poverty is generally considered to
be a household income level, which is below a given proportion of average family income.
The relatively poor live in high-income countries, but they do not have a high income
themselves. The method of calculating the poverty line is different from country to country,
but we can say that basically a family living in relative poverty has less than a percentage of
the average family income. For example, in the United States, a family can be considered poor
if their income is less than 50% of the national average family income. They can meet their
058basic needs, but they lack access to cultural guts, entertainment and recreation. They also do
not have access to quality health care, or other prerequisites for upward social mobility.
Well, I have briefly explained to you how poverty can be distinguished as extreme
poverty, moderate poverty and relative poverty. We should keep these distinctions in mind
when we research people’s living conditions, either in the developing or the developed world.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q23: What does the speaker do?
Q24: Where does the speaker say we can find extreme poverty?
Q25: What do we learn about American people living in relative poverty?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.
B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.
C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.
D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.
20. A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.
B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.
C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.
D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.
21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.
B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.
C) It used to have more water than Earth.
D) It used to be covered with rainforests.
：
听力原文
Good evening. In 1959, on the day that I was born, a headline in Life magazine
proclaimed “Target Venus: There May be Life There!” It told of how scientists rode a balloon
to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations of Venus’s atmosphere, and how
059六级听力讲义
their discovery of water raised hopes that there could be living things there. As a kid, I thrilled
to tales of adventure and Isaac Asimov’s juvenile science-fiction novel Luck Starr and the
Oceans of Venus.
For many of my peers, though, Venus quickly lost its romance. The very first thing that
scientists discovered with the mission to another planet was that Venus was not at all the
Earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed. It is nearly identical to our own planet in bulk
properties such as mass, density, and size. But its surface has been cooked and dried by an
ocean of carbon dioxide. Trapped in the burning death-grip of a runaway greenhouse effect,
Venus has long been held up as a cautionary tale for everything that could go wrong on a
planet like Earth. As a possible home for alien life, it has been voted the planet least likely to
succeed.
But I have refused to give up on Venus, and over the years my stubborn loyalty has
been justified. The rocky views glimpsed by Venera 9 and other Russian landers suggested a
tortured volcanic history. That was confirmed in the early 1990s by the American Magellan
orbiter, which used radar to peer through the planet’s thick clouds and map out a rich, varied,
and dynamic surface. The surface formed mostly in the last billion years, which makes
it fresher and more recently active than any rocky planet other than Earth. Russian and
American spacecraft also found hints that its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler,
and possibly even friendly to life. Measurements of density and composition imply that Venus
originally formed out of basically the same stuff as Earth. That presumably included much
more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today.
Thus, our picture of Venus at around the time life was getting started on Earth is one
of warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules, splashing around rocky shores and
volcanic vents. The sun was considerably less bright back then. So, Venus was arguably a
cozier habitat for life than Earth.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q19: What do we learn from the Life magazine article?
Q20: What are scientists’ findings about Venus?
Q21: What information did Russian and American space probes provide about Venus?
060：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
22. A) Older people’s aversion to new music.
B) Older people’s changing musical tastes.
C) Insights into the features of good music.
D) Deterioration in the quality of new music.
23. A) They seldom listen to songs released in their teens.
B) They can make subtle distinctions about music.
C) They find all music sounds the same.
D) They no longer listen to new music.
24. A) The more you experience something, the better you’ll appreciate it.
B) The more you experience something, the longer you’ll remember it.
C) The more you are exposed to something, the deeper you’ll understand it.
D) The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar it’ll be to you.
25. A) Teenagers are much more sensitive.
B) Teenagers are much more sentimental.
C) Teenagers’ memories are more lasting.
D) Teenagers’ emotions are more intense.
：
听力原文
Why do old people dislike new music? As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age
say things like “They just don’t make good music like they used to.” Why does this happen?
Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical taste begin to
crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked
into place pretty firmly.
In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening
to new music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely
to remain quite popular among your age group through the rest of your life.
There could be a biological explanation for this, as there’s evidence that the brain’s
ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies
061六级听力讲义
deteriorates with age. So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all “sound the
same.”
But there may be some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to new music. One of
the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect,”
which, in essence, means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like
it. This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to.
When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to
music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting
parts of your routine.
For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase, so there’s less time to
spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old, familiar favorites from
that period of their lives when they had more free time. Of course, those teen years weren’t
necessarily carefree. They’re famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and
movies revolve around high school turmoil.
Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more
intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated
with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen
to during this period become so memorable and beloved. So there’s nothing wrong with
your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the natural order
of things.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q22: What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?
Q23: What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33?
Q24: What do we learn from one of the most researched laws of social psychology?
Q25: What might explain the fact that songs people listen to in their teen years are
memorable and beloved?
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必备词汇
062【讲话/报导/讲座真题演练2】
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选项预览
16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.
B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.
C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.
D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.
B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.
C) By changing people’s views of nature.
D) By relocating people to safer places.
18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.
B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.
C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.
D) How destructive tropical storms can be.
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听力原文
The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few
weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons
in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands. A
study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980
and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than 2 million people. These catastrophic
events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.
UN weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. “Over the last 50 years,
economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of
life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people.
We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the
message is that they may not be disasters.”
Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World
Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by
weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms,
strong tropical winds and wildfires.
063六级听力讲义
He says extreme events will continue. But he says extreme events become disasters
only when people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies are well-known. From a
planning perspective, it’s pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards
will destroy them. From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down
to the community level. Build community action plans.”
The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of
countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking
preventive action. It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives,
each year, in Cuba. But the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend.
In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only 7 people were killed.
Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused
the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super
tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q16: What is the talk mainly about?
Q17: How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?
Q18: What does the example of Cuba serve to show?
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必备词汇
：
选项预览
23. A) About 43 percent of American adults.
B) About 18 percent of the whole population.
C) About 40 million American adults.
D) About a half million people in America.
24. A) To set a series of bans on public smoking.
B) To set the price of cigarettes properly.
C) To package the cigarettes with tips of warning.
D) To reduce the production and supply of cigarettes.
06425. A) The office of the Surgeon General.
B) The Food and Drug Administration.
C) The Center for Tobacco Products.
D) The Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
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听力原文
We’ve had fifty years of progress since that landmark Surgeon General’s report back in
1964. Over these years, incredible things have taken place. Our society has changed—changed
in terms of tobacco use, in terms of its acceptance of smoking in public establishments, in
restaurants, in bars. So things have really changed for the better.
In addition, smoking rates have come down in the United States. We went from 43
percent of adult smokers in the United States to 18 percent currently. So that’s really made
incredible headway, yet I have to emphasize the battle is not over, the war is not over.
Eighteen percent of American adults who are still smoking, basically 40 million people in our
population. That being said we have to realize also that of that whole group, we’re going to
have roughly a half million people every year dying from smoking related diseases.
So although we’ve made progress in a half century the reality is we still have a lot
of work to do. So, you know, we increasingly see tough advertisements on the air against
smoking. These ads are working. In particular, the CDC, the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention came up with a series of advertisements from former smokers called TIPS. And
that really was quite effective in terms of reducing the number of smokers.
In addition, there’s various policies that need to be implemented and further implemented
in order to make us a tobacco free society. So we really have to work at the idea of using
media, using those advertisements. We have to look at really concentrating on the youth of
America to make it more difficult to actually get cigarettes. And in addition we have to look
at the idea of pricing cigarettes appropriately so that ultimately it becomes a hardship to use
those products.
So, let’s talk a little bit about packaging those products. Other countries have much
more graphic detail of the potential dangers of smoking. We’re currently working closely;
the office of the Surgeon General is working closely with the Food and Drug Administration,
specifically the Center for Tobacco Products and are reanalyzing the whole row of the idea of
065六级听力讲义
the warning labels and the idea of how graphic they should be, and so there will probably be
more information coming out on this in the near future.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q23: What is the number of smokers in America?
Q24: What measures can be taken to make it harder to get cigarettes?
Q25: What institution does the speaker most likely come from?
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必备词汇
：
选项预览
22. A) They are reluctant to follow instructions.
B) They fail to answer emails promptly.
C) They cannot understand directives.
D) They do not show due respect.
23. A) They have not been trained to follow the rules.
B) They are not satisfied with the management.
C) They want to avoid unnecessary losses.
D) They find their voice go unheeded.
24. A) When they are on good terms with their managers.
B) When they find their job goals easily attainable.
C) When they find their supervisors helpful.
D) When they are financially motivated.
25. A) They are a useless tool for managers to change employee behavior.
B) They prove to be a good means for managers to give instructions.
C) They should be reserved for urgent communication.
D) They are seldom used for sharing confidential data.
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听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do
what they are asked.
066Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even
simple instructions. Often they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t
listen, they don’t care.”—that kind of thing. But according to recent research conducted in
Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault but the managers’.
It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally.
Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. At other times, they may
disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of
potential effectiveness. And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately
or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research
scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry.
They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found
the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to
speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their
managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to
be helpful.
That last statement was the most instructive, because, as the researchers found, there
was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be
and how likely their employees were to follow their directives. Supervisors’ helping behavior
was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood
of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their
effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes:
“Do as I do, not as I say”. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction
and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although
procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t
always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course,
managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They’re an effective tool for the sharing of data
and reports, but they’re a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behavior.
067六级听力讲义
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q22: Why are managers often frustrated with their employees?
Q23: Why do employees sometimes disobey procedures intentionally?
Q24: When are employees more likely to follow instructions, according to the
researchers?
Q25: What does the speaker say about emails?
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必备词汇
068
