文档内容
目 录
CONTENTS
第一部分 基础必备知识 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������001
、 ................................................................................................................. 001
一 题型介绍
、 ......................................................................................................... 001
二 解题基础知识
、 ......................................................................................................... 009
三 语音基础知识
第二部分 技巧精讲&真题演练 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������016
、 & ........................................................................... 016
一 短篇新闻技巧精讲 真题演练
、 & ............................................................................... 034
二 长对话技巧精讲 真题演练
、 & ................................................................................... 048
三 篇章技巧精讲 真题演练
001第一部分 基础必备知识
一、题型介绍
、 。
大学英语四级考试的听力理解部分由短篇新闻 长对话和篇章三种题型构成 试
。 ， 120-140
题采用单选题形式 录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读 语速约为每分钟
。 ， 15 。
词 所有录音材料均只播放一遍 每个问题后留有 秒答题时间 听力理解部分占整
35％， 25 。
张试卷的分值比例为 考试时间为 分钟
试卷结构 题型分布 文章个数 题目个数 分值比例
3 7 7％
短篇新闻
2 8 8％
听力理解 长对话
3 10 20％
篇章
8 25 35％
总计
二、解题基础知识
（一）解题思路
1. “ ”， 。
利用 错位听音法
2. ， 。
预览选项
3. “ ”， 。
利用 题文同序原则
4. ， “ keywords”， 。
听音时 把握
（1）
错位听音
，“ ” ，
简单的讲 错位听音法 就是 把每一组考题提问的时间用
。
来预览后面一组考题的选项
001四级听力讲义
播放 预览
Section A
考试说明
News Report 1
文章
News Report 1
问题
News Report 2
文章
…… ……
依次类推 依次类推
（2）
预览选项
1. ： 。
预览速度
2. ， ： 。
先纵向 后横向
3. ： 。
如果阅读速度较慢
4. 。
分析不同题干下相关联的选项
5. 。
用笔将预判的结果直接标注在卷纸上
1. do；to do；doing： 。
例
：
选项预览
1. A) Serve standardized food nationwide.
B) Put calorie information on the menu.
C) Increase protein content in the food.
D) Offer convenient food to customers.
Q: What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new
rule?
：
选项预览
2. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.
B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.
C) To discover what most mice like to eat.
D) To determine what feelings mice have.
Q: What is the researchers’ purpose in carrying out the series of experiments with mice?
002：
选项预览
3. A) Measuring it. B) Preserving it. C) Dating it. D) Identifying it.
Q: What are the researchers at New Mexico State University doing with the boy’s
discovery?
2. by doing，with： 。
例
：
选项预览
4. A) By tying it to a door handle.
B) By shaking it back and forth.
C) With a remote control craft.
D) With a full-sized helicopter.
Q: How did Rick Rahim remove his son’s loose tooth?
3. 、 、 ： 。
例 并列名词 形容词 词组
：
选项预览
5. A) Tobacco. B) Potatoes. C) Machinery. D) Clothing.
：
听力原文
Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra’s steep mountain valleys. One of the products
it exports is clothing.
Q: What is one of the products Andorra exports?
：
选项预览
6. A) They are tough. C) They are helpful.
B) They are costly. D) They are too short.
：
听力原文
And I can’t wait for my next session although the lessons are rather expensive, 20
pounds an hour.
Q: What does the man say about his driving lessons?
003四级听力讲义
：
选项预览
7. A) Global warming. C) Commercial hunting.
B) Polluted seawaters. D) Decreasing birthrates.
：
听力原文
The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in
recent years.
Q: What has caused the decline of the whale population in recent years?
4. ： 。
例 地点
：
选项预览
8. A) At an information service. C) At a repair shop.
B) At a car wash point. D) At a dry cleaner’s.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
：
选项预览
9. A) New York. C) Baghdad.
B) Avenida Paulista. D) Rio de Janeiro.
Q: Where did the violence happen?
5. 、 、 ： 。
例 数字 时间 价钱
：
选项预览
10. A) About 8:30. B) About 6:30. C) About 5:30. D) About 4:15.
Q: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?
：
选项预览
11. A) 0743, 12536 extension 15.
B) 0734, 21653 extension 51.
C) 0734, 38750 extension 15.
D) 0743, 62135 extension 51.
Q: What’s the man’s telephone number?
0046.
例 分清男女
：
选项预览
12. A) She does recording. C) She takes notes.
B) She types on a keyboard. D) She takes photos.
Q: What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures?
：
选项预览
13. A) He is the only boy in his family.
B) He becomes tearful in wind.
C) He has stopped making terrible faces.
D) He is his teacher’s favorite student.
Q: What does the man say about Ben?
7.
例 代词转名词
：
选项预览
14. A) It boasts a fairly long history.
B) It produces construction materials.
C) It has 75 offices around the world.
D) It has over 50 business partners.
Q: What do we learn about the woman’s company?
：
选项预览
15. A) They need to be further improved.
B) They can easily switch to natural gas.
C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.
D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.
Q: What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?
（3）
题文同序原则
：
大部分听力题目的出题顺序与所听文章内容顺序保持一致 基本上都是从前往后
。 ， “What is the talk mainly about?”，
出题 至于文章主旨类问题 例如 主旨通常在文章一
005四级听力讲义
， 。 ，
开始就会提到 但需要听完全文进行总结 根据题文同序原则听音时 如果已经出现
， ，
下一题选项的关键词 就要迅速扫读该题的选项是否与所听到的文章内容匹配 以免
。
错过题目
（4）
标志词与常设考点
1. 、
段首 段尾处
、 、 ， 、 ，
不管是听力的新闻 长对话 还是篇章 录音的第一句话或者段首句 段尾句
。 。
历来是设题重点 有时文章的最后一句话会体现主旨大意 经常用来考查对听力材料
。 ，
主旨大意的理解与把握 尤其是对于短篇新闻的考查 重要的内容常放在文章开头的
， ， 1 。
第一句话 用来概述新闻主题内容 通常对应第 题
2.
转折处
：but，however，yet，instead，today，now，although，though，even though，
标志词
despite，in spite of，in fact，actually，practically，not... but... 。
等
3.
对比处
：while，instead，in contrast，on the other hand，unexpected，unexpectedly，
标志词
unfortunately，fortunately，whereas，rather than，as... as，more than any other 。
等
4.
因果关系处
：because，cause，for，as，since，owing to，be due to，lead to，thanks to，
标志词
contribute to，attribute to，consequently，result from，result in，as a result...，so，now
that 。
等
5.
总结处
：in brief，in short，all in all，generally speaking，conclude，conclusion，in
标志词
a word，as a result，in short，you see，we can say，OK，anyway... 。
等
6. 、 、
表示重复 强调 顺序处
1） ， 。
如果某一实词在文章中 其往往就是正确答案
2） ， 。
某些常见标志词的 会发生变化 有些词的语气会变得强硬
3） ， （ ） 。
形容词和副词的最高级 表示唯一的词 的出现
4） ： 。
常见表示顺序的标志词 等
7. 、 、
定义 解释说明 建议处
：according to，be known as，be defined/called as something，the definition
标志词
of...，which means，show/find/suspect/reveal that，suggest，advice，had better 。
等
0068.
设问句处
1）
一般疑问句升调处
2） 、
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词处
： 。
标志词 等
9.
特殊修辞处
、 、 、
排比 举例 比喻 虚拟语气处
： 。
标志词 等
10. 、 、
人名 数字 专有名词处
： 。
标志词 等
（二）解题技巧
1.
视听一致
， 。 ： ， ：
四级听力考试中 超半数题目均可运用视听一致选出答案 视 看到的选项 听
。 。
听到的录音 所谓视听一致就是
， ，
在听到与选项相关的关键词 或者常设考点的标志词之后 原文听到什么就到选
， ，
项中找与之相关或相似的答案 或者 选项 是
。
正确选项的可能性更大
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) It will be produced at Harvard University.
B) It will be hosted by famous professors.
C) It will cover different areas of science.
D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.
：
听力原文
It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area
of science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don’t know.
Q: What do we learn about the TV show Science Nation?
2.
同义替换
， 。
四级听力考试中 至少有一半的正确选项和对应的原文答案句之间存在同义替换
：
常见的同义替换形式有两种
007四级听力讲义
1） ： 、 、 （
词性的替换 短语表达的替换 否定词 双重否定表肯
） 。 privacy = private（ ， ）；leave the track = derail；
定 的替换等 例如 词根不变 词性变化
conceal... from... = doesn’t want...to know。
2） ： 、 、 ，
主被动语态的替换 因果关系的对调 肯否定替换 以
。
及详述和概括的替换等
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) It is likely to close many of its stores.
B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
C) It remains competitive in the recession.
D) It will expand its online retail business.
：
听力原文
Woolworths is one of the best-known names on the British High Street. It’s been in
business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s
decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token 1 pound
failed.
Q: What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) A surprise party for Paul’s birthday.
B) Travel plans for the coming weekend.
C) Preparations for Saturday’s get-together.
D) The new market on the other side of town.
：
听力原文
M: So what time do you think we should have the party on Saturday?
W: How about inviting people to come at 6 p.m.? Then we’ll have the afternoon to
prepare food and drink, and stuff like that.
Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?
008※注意：
1） ， +
听力题目几乎每个选项都带有原文词 干扰项通常就是由原文词 错误的修饰
。 ， 。
词构成 而那些看起来找不到对应原文的同义替换 反而是正确答案
2） ， 。
越简单越常见的单词 越容易被替换
3） 。
正确选项往往同时包含了视听一致与同义替换
4） ， 。
如果某两个选项存在局部相反现象 那这两个选项包含正确选项的可能性较大
三、语音基础知识
（一）易错易混发音讲解
， ， ，
对于中国学生来说 英语中的一些音素发音非常相近 听起来十分容易混淆 同
， ， 。
时许多考生在听力考试中误把此单词听成彼单词 造成考试中的误听 导致失分
[e]-[æ]
【知识精讲1】
The old man gave her a loving pet.
The old man gave her a loving pat.
“th”
【知识精讲2】字母组合 的发音
“th” [θ] [ð]，
和 字母组合相应的一组清浊辅音是 与 它们的共同特点是发音时都
。
要将舌尖含在上下齿之间
[w] [v]
【知识精讲3】 与 的发音区别
， ， ，
汉语中 尤其是在北方话中 这两个发音经常混在一起 但不会产生语义上的区
。 ， 。 ， 。[w]
别 所以 中国学生很少注意两者的区别 而在英语中 这两个音是截然不同的
， ， ；
是半元音 发音时首先双唇收圆 然后可以随后面元音的不同而过渡到不同的口型
[v] ， ， ，
而 是摩擦音 发音时上齿接触下唇 气流通过时产生摩擦 无论同什么样的元音组
， 。
合 首先都能听到明显的摩擦
009四级听力讲义
“r”
【知识精讲4】字母 在词首时的发音
“r” ，
字母 位于词首的发音也是中国学生发音的一大难点 主要原因是受汉语发音
。 “ ” ，
习惯的影响 中国学生在很多情况下把它读作类似汉语的 日 的发音 而在英语中
“r” “ ” 。
字母 其实更偏向汉语中 若 的发音
[au]
【知识精讲5】 的发音
[au] [a] ， “ao”
很多学生会把 这个音同元音 的发音相混淆 或者用汉语拼音中的 取
。 [au] ， [a] [u]， 。
代 发 这个音时 要从 过渡到 两个音都要读得饱满
[h]
【知识精讲6】 的发音方法
“h” ， [h] ， [h]
同汉语拼音的 相比较 英语中的 是清辅音 但有的同学会把 音发成
“ ” 。 [h] ， ， ， ，
类似汉语 喝 的音 发 音时 气流从肺部呼出 经过声门摩擦 声带不振动 非
， ， “ ” 。
常轻 听力考试中经常不发音 从而形成 击穿 的语音现象
[l] [n]
【知识精讲7】 和 的发音区别
[l] ， ； [n] ， 。
是舌边音 发音时气流从口腔流过 发 音时 发音的气流从鼻腔流过 另
， ， ， [l] 、 ， [n] 。
外 发这两个音时 舌头虽然都抵上颚 但 接触很快 很轻 而 要紧抵住不放
（二）英美发音区别
GA：General American
标准美音
RP：Received Pronunciation
标准英音
【知识精讲1】英美发音元音区别
1. “r” ， 。
当字母 出现在单词的元音字母组合中时 美式发音会出现独特的卷舌音
(1) far car large charge smart
(2) dear clear fear cheer here
(3) air dare pear their where
010(4) for more door pour before
(5) sure poor tour cure fewer
(6) her turn learn word first
(7) fire tired higher liar buyer
(8) hour flour shower power tower
(9) destroyer employer
2. [a:] [f]，[θ]，[s] ， [æ]。
元音 在用于 前时 美语发音为
(1) half (2) bath (3) pass (4) ask
(5) calm (6) palm (7) father (8) plaza
3. [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a]。
英式发音 变为美式发音 或
(1) bought (2) talk (3) ball (4) caught
(5) law (6) saw
4. [ɔ] [a]。
英式发音 变为美式发音
(1) hot (2) cot (3) clock (4) shop
(5) box (6) not
5. [ʌ] [ə]。
英式发音 变为美式发音
(1) up (2) love (3) cut (4) another
(5) above (6) bus (7) cup
【知识精讲2】英美发音辅音区别
1. “t” 、 。 “t”
字母 可出现在单词的词首 词中和词尾三个部位 其中字母 在词首与
， ，tight [tait]。 ，
词尾时的发音方式英美相同 例如 而其在词中时 英式英语和美式英语
。
却有两种读法
city forty butter
water dirty matter
writer better Betty
[t] [d]
Italian Italy
attack attic
atomic atom
photography photograph
011四级听力讲义
2.
辅音区别的第二种情况
英音 美音
(1) what
(2) where
(3) which
(4) somewhere
(5) meanwhile
（三）连读规则
， ， ，
很多同学抱怨听力考试中语速过快 跟不上 其实不是朗读的速度快 而是朗读
， ，
时单词与单词之间的连接更加紧密 经常会出现连读的情况 而常见的连读规则不过
12 ， 12 ， ，
条而已 同学们一旦掌握了这 条连读规则 不但能扫平英语听力障碍 而且能轻
、 、 ， 、 。
松听懂电影 电视 音乐中的英语发音 甚至能征服托福 雅思这类国外语言类考试
【知识精讲1】辅音对元音的连读
， ，
当前面的单词以辅音结尾 紧随其后的单词以元音开头 这时将前面的辅音同后
， ， 。
面的元音连在一起 像是构成一个音节一样的读出来 以使语言更加流畅自然 而且
， （ ） ，
连读必须发生在短语或句子的同一个意群中 在意群 及短语或从句 之间有停顿时
。
两个短语或两个从句间相邻的音不连读
1. [r]+
元音
far away for a year a number of
2. [l]+
元音
internal affairs
3. [t]+
元音
keep it up pick it up put it off
take it easy look out of get out of
4. [n]+
元音
pen and paper in an instance in an hour
clean and dirty an old lady ten o’clock
、 、
【知识精讲2】辅音与辅音的叠合 击穿 失爆
5. ： ，
叠合现象 前面单词结尾的辅音与紧随其后的单词的起始辅音为同一个音时
， 。
只需读一次 而不必将这个音读两次
012more rain fall leaves part time job at two o’clock
stop playing keep pace big game big garage
some men same machine bus station
6. ： ， ， [h]
击穿现象 一般情况下 当句子中前一个单词以辅音结尾 后一个单词以辅音
， ，[h] ， h 。 [h] 。
开头 连读的时候 音可以被击穿 也就是 不发音 常见于爆破音遇到 音时
This is his book. Get him out of here.
7. ： ，
失爆现象 当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时 前面的爆破音不发生爆
。 ， ， ，
破 也就是说对于前一个爆破音 只作发音的口型 刚要发音时 立即发出第二个爆
。 [p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g] 。
破音 这种情形常发生在 等辅音出现的时候
last class next day It doesn’t matter.
【知识精讲3】元音与元音的连读
[w] [j]，
元音对元音的连读实际上是在元音之间插入半元音 或 从而使纯元音音节
、 ， 。
之间的过渡变得自然 流畅 读起来更加上口
8. [u]、[u:]、[au] [əu] ，
前面的单词以 或 这些音素结尾 紧随其后的单词以元音开
， ， [w] 。
头 这时 在两个单词之间加入半元音 作为过渡
doing going go out go away
blew away throw away how old knew it
who else you are blue on top clue in
too often
9. [ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[i:] [i] ，
前面的单词以元音 或 这些音素结尾 紧随其后的单词以
， ， [ j ] 。
元音开头 这时 在两个单词之间加入半元音 作为过渡
play around any other stay up be on time
say it try it see it through she is
try again my only child the early bird see off
【知识精讲4】连读音变
10. [t] + [j]=[tʃ]
Nice to meet you.
11. [d] + [j]=[dʒ]
Could you?
Did you?
12. [s] + [j]=[ʃ]
013四级听力讲义
I miss you.
God bless you.
（四）重音及语调
【知识精讲1】什么是词重音
， 。 ，
英语单词都由一至多个音节构成 一个单词至少要有一个音节 而在一组音节中
， ，
总有一个音节比其它的音节读的声音大一些 用的力量足一些 这个音节就是所谓的
。
重读音节
【知识精讲2】单音节单词
go come try
【知识精讲3】双音节单词
da dá forget begin
dá da window teacher
【知识精讲4】三音节单词
dá da da medicine radio
da da dá employee guarantee
da dá da professor October
【知识精讲5】长音节单词
da dá da da democracy
da da dá da da anniversary possibility
【知识精讲6】短语和句子的重音
： （ 、 、 、 、 ）
重读 实词 名词 动词 形容词 副词 数词
：
弱读 语法词
【知识精讲7】什么是短语或句子的重音
， ，
在构成短语或句子的单词中 总有一个单词比别的单词读的重一些 这个单词本
。 ，
身的重读音节也就成为句子的重心 在不特殊强调或作对比的情况下 短语或句子的
。（ ，
重音往往落在最后一个出现的实词的重读音节上 在对比句中 分别代表所对照内容
。）
物的单词通常会受到相等程度的重读
to the store the tickets our teacher
going to London leave tomorrow an English teacher
Will you mail it? She is studying English.
014Does she speak it? I need a book.
I need pencil and paper. Do you want coffee or tea?
【知识精讲8】实义重读
， 。
在进行语言表达时 通常讲话人会在一句话中所要强调的内容上加大音量 即在
， “ ，
句子中代表讲话人所强调内容的单词会受到重读 也就是通常所说的 强调什么 重
”。
读什么
Tom likes to play soccer.（ ）
不特殊强调
Tom likes to play soccer.（ “ ”）
强调 玩
Tom likes to play soccer.（ “ ”）
强调 喜欢
Tom likes to play soccer.（ “ ”）
强调 人
015四级听力讲义
第二部分 技巧精讲 & 真题演练
一、短篇新闻技巧精讲 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
， 2-3 ， 7 ，
短篇新闻题型通常考查三篇新闻 每篇新闻后设置 个小题 一共 道小题
7%。 450-500 。
分值比例 三篇文章共 词
， ，
新闻听力一般都采用 也就是倒叙式 指将重要的内容放在
。 what（ ），when（ ），
开头的第一句话 新闻通常包括 发生的新闻事件 新闻发生的时间
where（ ），who（ ），why（ ）
新闻发生的地点 新闻里涉及的人物 新闻事件发生的原因
how（ ） ，
和 新闻事件发生的背景 等六要素 用于梳理新闻报道的脉络以及对新闻主旨
。
的理解
，
新闻听力的选项具有 和 听力原文由
。 ，
构成 导语部分考查对新闻大意的理解 细节部分考查对新闻内
， 、 、 、 、 、
容的理解 也就是对新闻中如数字 人物 时间 地点 观点建议 逻辑关系等细节
。
的捕捉
【大纲样题】
News Report 1 ：
选项预览
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
2. A) On Christmas Eve.
B) Just before midnight.
C) During a security check.
D) In the small hours of the morning.
016：
听力原文
Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station
in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala.
第二部分 技巧精讲 & 真题演练
Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital
which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital. The explosion
happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the
Ugandan capital Kampala.
一、短篇新闻技巧精讲 & 真题演练
Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded
【解题技巧】 during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen
， 2-3 ， 7 ，
短篇新闻题型通常考查三篇新闻 每篇新闻后设置 个小题 一共 道小题 on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of
7%。 450-500 。
分值比例 三篇文章共 词 possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
， ，
新闻听力一般都采用 也就是倒叙式 指将重要的内容放在
。 what（ ），when（ ），
开头的第一句话 新闻通常包括 发生的新闻事件 新闻发生的时间 Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
where（ ），who（ ），why（ ）
新闻发生的地点 新闻里涉及的人物 新闻事件发生的原因 Q1: What is the news report mainly about?
how（ ） ，
和 新闻事件发生的背景 等六要素 用于梳理新闻报道的脉络以及对新闻主旨 Q2: When did the incident occur?
。
的理解
，
新闻听力的选项具有 和 听力原文由 ：
。 ， 必备词汇
构成 导语部分考查对新闻大意的理解 细节部分考查对新闻内
， 、 、 、 、 、
容的理解 也就是对新闻中如数字 人物 时间 地点 观点建议 逻辑关系等细节 News Report 2 ：
。 选项预览
的捕捉 3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.
【大纲样题】 B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
News Report 1 ：
选项预览 C) It remains competitive in the recession.
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
D) It will expand its online retail business.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
C) Cut its DVD publishing business.
2. A) On Christmas Eve.
D) Sell the business for one pound.
B) Just before midnight.
C) During a security check.
：
听力原文
D) In the small hours of the morning.
Woolworths is one of the best-known names on the British High Street. It’s been in
business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s
017四级听力讲义
decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.
The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s
slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had
been in trouble for years. Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in
the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation
of internet retailers. Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs.
Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?
Q4: What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?
：
必备词汇
News Report 3 ：
选项预览
5. A) All taxis began to use meters.
B) All taxis got air conditioning.
C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.
D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.
6. A) A low interest loan scheme.
B) Environmentalists’ protests.
C) Taxi passengers’ complaints.
D) Permission for car advertising.
7. A) There are no more irregular practices.
B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.
C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.
D) New legislation protects consumer rights.
：
听力原文
Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old
vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies
018indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of
the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and
70s and were in a poor state of repair.
After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme
was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays
about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover
repayments.
The idea has proved popular with customersthey can now travel in air-conditioned
comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks
and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi
drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few
complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: What change took place in Cairo recently?
Q6: What helped bring about the change?
Q7: Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?
：
必备词汇
【短篇新闻专项训练】
（一）精听导语：一般是对于主旨题的考查。
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) The International Labor Organization’s key objective.
B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.
C) Rising unemployment worldwide.
D) Global economic recovery.
：
听力原文
The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is
019四级听力讲义
increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the
number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
：
听力原文
Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up in the next morning isn’t as
enjoyable. Now however, a New Zealand based startup company aims to bring messy homes
and even splitting headaches back to normal. The properly named startup Morning After
Maids, was launched about 1 month ago in Auckland by room-maids Rebecca Folly and
Catherine Ashers. Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get
coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) There is only one ecosystem in Europe.
B) Romania’s wetlands thrive again.
C) The wildlife in Romania isn’t well protected.
D) There are 200 species of birds in Romania’s wetlands.
：
听力原文
Romania’s wetlands are coming back to life thanks to help from local communities,
the World Wildlife Fund, and funding from the European Union. Roughly 2,224 acres of the
picturesque Danube Delta—home to 300 species of birds—have filled with wildlife. The land
has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
0204. ：
例 选项预览
A) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
B) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.
C) Invasive species are driving away certain native species.
D) A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
：
听力原文
A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the
Mediterranean, warned scientists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature has
raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and
the eastern Mediterranean.
Q: What is reported in the news?
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.
B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.
C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.
D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.
：
听力原文
One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in
what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska. Aliy
Zirkle was the first to report an attack. A snowmobile driver had repeatedly attempted to harm
her and her team, and one of Zirkle’s dogs had received a non-life-threatening injury.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
（二）捕捉细节：一般是对于细节题的考查。
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) A strike. B) A storm. C) A forest fire. D) A terrorist attack.
021四级听力讲义
：
听力原文
The castle, which is located on 11,700 acres, was leased to members of the royal family
between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment
Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as
Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.
Q: What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) They will be fined. C) They will get a warning.
B) They will be closed. D) They will lose customers.
：
听力原文
Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of
up to 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus,
preferably next to the price.
Q: What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) Its hardworking employees.
B) Its flexible promotion strategy.
C) Its innovation culture.
D) Its willingness to make investments.
：
听力原文
A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions,
business models and processes. The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an
example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as
a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund” which offers
big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed.
Q: What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?
0224. ：
例 选项预览
A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.
B) They released the details of the accident.
C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
D) They provided the miners with food and water.
：
听力原文
Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can
keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’
being trapped in the elevator weren’t immediately available.
Q: What did the rescue team do?
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.
B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.
C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.
D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.
：
听力原文
Then Jeff King, a four-time champion, reported a similar attack. His team was hit by
a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a 3-year-old male dog. Reporter
Zachariah Hughes says that neither King nor Zirkle was injured.
Q: What do we learn about Jeff King?
【短篇新闻真题演练1】
：
选项预览
1. A) A train derailed.
B) A train was attacked.
C) A train ran into a carriage.
D) Two trains ran into each other.
2. A) The number of casualties will rise.
023四级听力讲义
B) The number of casualties will fall.
C) There’s no official reports on the accident.
D) There’s no definite report on the accident.
：
听力原文
A high-speed train has crashed in northwestern Turkey. The passenger expresses left the
track near the town of Pamukova on the line between Istanbul and Ankara.
Several carriages are said to have overturned, but there’s confusion about the number of
casualties. For the last hour and a half, the casualty figures announced by various government
departments and by the crisis center and by local government officials on the scene have been
really rocketing up. It started at about 14, then up to 30, 50, 70, until the crisis center said
that around 139 people had been killed. But now, that figure has been very sharply revised
downwards to the point of something like 35 to 40. People are in some state of ignorance at
the moment as to quite what the scale of this disaster is.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q1: What was the accident?
Q2: Which of the following is TRUE about the casualties?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
3. A) 17. B) 24. C) 21. D) 41.
4. A) The rescue operation involved many people.
B) The cause of the explosions has been determined.
C) Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.
D) The explosions didn’t destroy the building.
：
听力原文
Hundreds of emergency workers combed the site of five-story apartment building in
southern Ukraine Thursday after a series of explosions reduced it to rubble, authorities said.
024The blasts Wednesday night in the Black Sea resort town of Yevpatoria left at least 17 people
dead and 24 others missing, according to Igor Krol, a spokesman for the Ukraine’s Emergency
Situations Ministry.
21 people have been rescued. “We are now investigating all possible reasons for the
explosions,” Krol said. Volodymiyr Shandra, the Ukrainian Emergency Situations minister,
told local media that oxygen canisters being stored in the basement of the building could
have triggered the blasts. Television footage showed rescuers trying to free people buried
underneath fallen debris, while others scrabbled through wires, construction rods and
boulders.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: How many people were rescued from the apartment building?
Q4: Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
5. A) Labor Department officials. C) Lawmakers.
B) Civilians. D) The army.
6. A) 0.3%. B) 3%. C) 9.7%. D) 10%.
7. A) Negative. B) Positive. C) Hopeless. D) Enlightening.
：
听力原文
President Barack Obama says Friday’s mixed news on U.S. unemployment is cause for
hope but not celebration. The President is asking lawmakers to support programs he says will
help boost hiring. The nation’s jobless rate eased by three-tenths of a percent in January, to 9.7
percent, its lowest level in five months. However, the Labor Department says 20,000 more
jobs were lost last month.
President Obama says that is a small step in the right direction. “These numbers, while
positive, are cause for hope but not celebration, because far too many of our neighbors and
friends and families are still out of work,” he said.
025四级听力讲义
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: Which of the following is asked to support Barack Obama’s boosting hiring
programs?
Q6: What is American’s jobless rate in January?
Q7: What was the President’s comments on the number of lost jobs last month?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
1. A) To set up a moon colony by 2020.
B) To send astronauts again to the moon by 2020.
C) To continue the current shuttle missions till 2020.
D) To create more jobs for NASA till 2020.
2. A) There were more important space missions.
B) The space agency lacked funding for the programm.
C) The current shuttle missions would continue.
D) Congress failed to pass President Obama’s budget.
：
听力原文
American astronauts will not return to the moon as planned if U.S. Congress passes
President Obama’s proposed budget. Obama’s budget which aims to cut funding in certain
areas while increasing money used to create jobs—would cancel NASA’s Constellation
Programme. The programme had sought to send astronauts back to the moon by 2020.
NASA’s programme also intended to study the idea of establishing a moon colony. The
programme was set to follow the U.S. space agency’s shuttle missions, which are due to end
in September.
On its website, the White House Budget Office says the programme to send astronauts
to the moon is behind schedule, over budget and overall less important than other space
investments. “Using a broad range of criteria, an independent review panel determined that
even if fully funded, NASA’s programme to repeat many of the achievements of the Apollo
era 50 years later, was the least attractive approach to space exploration as compared to
026potential alternatives,” the site says.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q1: What did NASA’s Constellation Programme originally plan to do?
Q2: Why did cancel NASA’s Constellations Programme?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
3. A) Businesses are reluctant to rehire.
B) The number of newly laid-off workers fell.
C) The job market always lags the recovery.
D) U.S. job losses continue but at a slower pace.
4. A) 9.7%. B) 10%. C) 19.7%. D) 10.7%.
：
听力原文
U.S. job losses continue, but at a slower pace. The Labor Department reports the number
of newly laid off workers seeking unemployment benefits fell for the third consecutive week.
Global Insight Chief Economist Nariman Behravesh: “The labor market is improving but
these numbers are still high. The jobs market always lags the recovery by at least six months,
and there is a very simple reason for that.
Businesses are reluctant to rehire until they are sure that the recovery is sustainable.”
America’s unemployment rate stands at 9.7 percent and is widely expected to top 10 percent
by the end of the year, even if economic contraction ends before then.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: What is the news item mainly about?
Q4: At the end of this year, what level is the unemployment rate expected to reach?
：
必备词汇
027四级听力讲义
：
选项预览
5. A) Desert winds. C) Better weather conditions.
B) Increasing number of fire crews. D) More fuels.
6. A) More than 120. C) More than 2,100.
B) More than 1,200. D) More than 200.
7. A) Firefighters have been on the defensive previously.
B) The fires broke out on Wednesday.
C) Damages in San Diego will top more than one billion dollars.
D) Hot desert winds added fuel to the firefighting efforts.
：
听力原文
Firefighters in southern California are making progress on battling more than 12 wild
fires raging across the region, thanks to improving weather conditions. Authorities say the hot
desert winds that fueled the fires calmed down on Wednesday, allowing fire crews to go on
the offensive against the blazes for the first time.
The wild fires have consumed more than 1,500 square kilometers and destroyed more
than 1,200 homes since they first broke out on Sunday. Officials say the damages will likely
top more than one billion dollars, much of it in hard-hit San Diego.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: What has contributed to the progress?
Q6: How many homes have been destroyed in the wild fires since they first broke out on
Sunday?
Q7: What can be learned from the news item?
：
必备词汇
【短篇新闻真题演练2】
：
选项预览
1. A) They failed to manage to land.
B) They involved in an outbreak of violence.
028C) Their helicopter came under fire.
D) They went through gunfire with gangsters.
2. A) New York. C) Baghdad.
B) Avenida Paulista. D) Rio de Janeiro.
：
听力原文
Two Brazilian policemen were killed when their helicopter came under fire as they
responded to an outbreak of violence in a shanty town in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The pilot
managed to land, but the helicopter then exploded in flames, trapping the two policemen.
Jerry Duffield reports.
The police helicopter is believed to have crashed after the pilot was struck in the leg by
a bullet and attempted to make an emergency landing on a football ground. The helicopter
burst into flames and television pictures from the scene show the smoldering remains of the
wreckage. The authorities in Rio were not able to confirm if this was the first time that one of
their helicopters had been brought down by gunfire.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q1: When did the two Brazilian policemen were killed?
Q2: Where did the violence happen?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
3. A) School playgrounds. C) Offices.
B) Restaurants. D) Bars.
4. A) Television producers. C) Medical workers.
B) Hotel owners. D) Hospital management.
：
听力原文
A top anti-smoking law has taken effect in Spain. The ban, one of the strictest in Europe,
outlaws smoking in all bars and restaurants. Smokers will also be prohibited on television
029四级听力讲义
broadcasts, near hospitals or in school playgrounds. A law tightens anti-smoking restrictions
introduced in 2006. The anti-smoking rules introduced in 2006 outlawed smoking only in
the workplace. It let bar and restaurant owners choose whether or not to allow it. Most chose
not to impose any ban. Only large restaurants and bars were obliged to provide a smoke-free
area. Now, hotel, restaurant and bar owners have said they could face a 10% drop in trade
with the new rules. The industry has already seen a sharp fall in sales due to Spain’s economic
problems. But doctors argue the new legislation will help smokers give up.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: Which one is mentioned in the 2006 anti-smoking restrictions?
Q4: Which of the following groups reacts negatively to the new law?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
5. A) To collect data on sources of pollution.
B) To identify pollution in rivers and lakes.
C) To help control environmental pollution.
D) To help control industrial wastes.
6. A) Lack of technology.
B) Rapid economic growth.
C) Unknown pollution sources.
D) Shortage of manpower.
7. A) Census offices are set up by government departments.
B) A main centre receives reports from provinces.
C) A database is set up for each province.
D) Data will be reviewed and analyzed in mid-2009.
：
听力原文
Chinese government is poised to conduct its first national survey of pollution sources in
February to help country environmental deterioration in the country. The study will identify
030and collect data on sources of industrial, agricultural and residential pollution for two months.
Last year, China’s environment was facing a grave situation, with several major rivers
and lakes clogged by industrial waste. China’s environmental clean-up is compromised by
more than two decades of rapid economic growth, and a lack of technology especially. Every
province, autonomous region and municipality has set up a census office and will report to a
main centre staffed by officials from government departments.
Data will be reviewed multiple times before being put into a database and will be
analyzed in the second half of 2008. Findings will be examined and approved by mid-2009.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: What is the purpose of the national survey?
Q6: What is the most important factor to the efforts of environmental protection?
Q7: Which of the following details is CORRECT according to the news item?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
1. A) Take railways to France and Belgium.
B) Take the Channel Tunnel rail service to the U.S. and Belgium.
C) Fly to France and Belgium.
D) Take the Channel Tunnel rail service to France and Belgium.
2. A) For 16 hours. C) For 6 hours.
B) For 60 hours. D) For 15 hours.
：
听力原文
Roads, railway lines and airports have been closed as blizzard conditions have swept
across the UK, leaving people stuck in their homes or even their cars. Some of the worst
affected travelers are those who had hoped to take the Channel Tunnel rail service to France
and Belgium.
Eurostar, the company that operates the service was forced to cancel all trains for three
days after extreme weather in France caused trains to break down, leaving some passengers
031四级听力讲义
trapped under the English Channel for up to 16 hours.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q1: Which of the travelers is worst affected by blizzard conditions?
Q2: How long did the extreme weather in France make the passengers trapped under the
English Channel?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
3. A) It was proposed by a group of senators.
B) Mr. Obama had carried out the reform.
C) Illegal immigrants would soon be given citizenship.
D) The reform failed to improve the current system.
4. A) Eight years. C) Thirteen years.
B) Five years. D) Eleven years.
：
听力原文
U.S. President Barack Obama has said the time has come for a review on the U.S.
immigration system. He made his case at a high school in Las Vegas, Nevada, a day after a
group of senators outlined a framework for reform. The White House and senators envisage a
path to citizenship for many of an estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.
He noted that the current system was “out of date and badly broken.”
Mr. Obama’s case for an immigration reform reflects a blueprint he rolled out in 2011,
though that did not go far. Mr. Obama now backed the Senate plan including making illegal
immigrants pay taxes and fines, and sending them to the back of the queue before they can
become American citizens. His 2011 blueprint also focused on a path to permanent residency
and eventual citizenship. After eight years, individuals would be allowed to become legal
permanent residents and would eventually become citizens five years later according to his
2011 blueprint.
032Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: Which of the following is TRUE about the immigration reform?
Q4: According to Obama’s 2011 blueprint, how long would it take for illegal immigrants
to gain citizenship?
：
必备词汇
5. A) Britain has decided to restrict banker’s bonuses.
B) Britain has decided to raise banker’s salary.
C) Britain has decided to curb banker’s salary.
D) Britain has decided to raise banker’s bonuses.
6. A) Over $4,000. C) Over $40,000.
B) $40,000. D) $4,000.
7. A) Most of it would be paid in money.
B) Most of it would be paid in shares.
C) Some of it would be paid in shares.
D) Some of it would be paid in money.
：
听力原文
Britain has announced strict measures to curb bankers’ bonuses. There will be a one of
fifty percent tax on all payments over 40,000 dollars. The move follows criticism of sizable
bonuses because banks are planning to pay while receiving government aid.
An official of the British banker association Angela Knight said she’s concerned by the
decision. When it comes to the broad issues of pay in bonuses, we’d already doubted with
that. We put it into regulation that contracted bonuses could be differed for two or three years
paid on consistency of performance only and the majority of bonuses would be paid shares.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: What is mainly talked about in the news item?
Q6: What is the threshold of the tax on banker’s bonuses?
Q7: Which statement is CORRECT about the banker’s bonus?
033四级听力讲义
：
必备词汇
二、长对话技巧精讲 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
， 4 ， 8 ，
长对话题型通常考查两篇对话 每篇对话后设置 个小题 一共 道小题 分值
8%。 240-280 。
比例 文章篇幅大约 个词
， 。
长对话采用问答形式 对话双方 把握
， 、 、 、 。
原则 第二 四 六 八段往往是答案所在的段落
， ， ，
答题时 首先要分析选项之间的逻辑关系 找出不同题干下相关联的选项 推测
。
对话中男女二人的人物关系以及他们想要表达的信息
， ，
听音时 通过第一回合的对话往往就可以透露出对话的话题与场景 也常常是对
， 、 。
话的主题所在 是回答主旨 场景等问题的依据 录音结尾处往往会涉及到对话者的
、 ， 。
建议 正在或将要采取的行动 是回答有关下一步行动等问题的依据
：
长对话考查的场景包括
1） 。 ，
通常是围绕某个社会话题展开 说话者双方谈论各自对
， 。 ： 、
该话题的理解与看法 从而触及某一社会现象或者揭示某一问题 例如 时尚购物
、 、 、 、 。
休闲娱乐 家庭生活 社会热点 买卖商品 售后服务等
2） 。 ，
通常是在校园内的一些话题 与学生的学习和生活密切
。 ： 、 、 、 、 、
相关 例如 专业的选择 课程与教学情况 宿舍的管理 作业或论文 假期安排
、 。
学生中普遍存在的现象 师生对话或者学习中出现的问题等
3） 。 、 、 、 、 、
通常涉及求职 招聘 面试 工作安排 工作交流 兼
。
职或在工作中出现的问题等
4） 。 。
通常包括时事报道和人物采访 所涉及的报道内容较为
， ，
广泛 其中尤以社会问题和政治事件为主 或者是针对某一人物的经历以及代表作展
。
开相关问答
【大纲样题】
Conversation 1 ：
选项预览
8. A) It has a partnership with LCP.
034B) It is headquartered in London.
C) It specializes in safety from leaks.
D) It has a chemical processing plant.
9. A) He is a chemist C) He is a safety inspector.
B) He is a salesman. D) He is Mr. Grand’s friend.
10. A) The public relations officer.
B) Mr. Grand’s personal assistant.
C) Director of the safety department.
D) Head of the personnel department.
11. A) Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.
B) Leave a message for Mr. Grand.
C) Provide details of their products and services.
D) Send a comprehensive description of their work.
：
听力原文
W: Morning, this is TGC!
M: Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand,
please?
W: Who’s calling, please?
M: Walter Barry, from London.
W: What is it about, please?
M: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own
company LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field
of chemical processing. I’d like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we
could help TGC protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time.
W: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now.
M: Can you tell me when I could reach him?
W: He’s very busy for the next few days. Then he’ll be away in New York. So it’s
difficult to give you a time.
M: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?
W: Who, in particular?
035四级听力讲义
M: A colleague, for example?
W: You are speaking to his personal assistant. I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand.
M: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?
W: No, I’m sorry, he won’t be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You
send us details of your products and services, together with references from other
companies. And then we’ll contact you.
M: Yes, that’s very kind of you. I have your address.
W: Very good, Mr. ...?
M: Barry. Walter Barry, from LCP in London.
W: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.
M: Thank you. Goodbye.
W: Bye.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q8: What do we learn about the woman’s company?
Q9: What do we learn about the man?
Q10: What’s the woman’s position in her company?
Q11: What does the woman suggest the man do?
：
必备词汇
Conversation 2 ：
选项预览
12. A) Teacher. B) Journalist. C) Editor. D) Typist.
13. A) Some newly discovered scenic spot.
B) Big changes in the Amazon valley.
C) A new railway under construction.
D) The beautiful Amazon rainforests.
14. A) In news weeklies.
B) In a local evening paper.
C) In newspapers’ Sunday editions.
D) In overseas editions of U.S. magazines.
03615. A) To become a professional writer.
B) To be employed by a newspaper.
C) To get her life story published soon.
D) To sell her articles to a news service.
：
听力原文
M: You’re going to wear out the computer’s keyboard!
W: Oh, hi.
M: Do you have any idea what time it is?
W: About ten o’clock or ten-thirty.
M: It’s nearly midnight.
W: Really? I didn’t know it was so late.
M: Don’t you have an early class to teach tomorrow morning?
W: Yes, at seven o’clock. My commuter class, the students who go to work right after
their lesson.
M: Then you ought to go to bed. What are you writing, anyway?
W: An article I hope I can sell.
M: Oh, another of your newspaper pieces What’s this one about?
W: Do you remember the trip I took last month?
M: The one up to the Amazon.
W: Well, that’s what I’m writing about—the new highway and the changes it’s making in
the Amazon valley.
M: It should be interesting.
W: It is. I guess that’s why I forgot all about the time.
M: How many articles have you sold now?
W: About a dozen so far.
M: What kind of newspapers buy them?
W: The papers that carry a lot of foreign news. They usually appear in the big Sunday
editions where they need a lot of background stories to help fill up the space between
the ads.
M: Is there any future in it?
037四级听力讲义
W: I hope so. There’s a chance I may sell this article to a news service.
M: Then your story would be published in several papers, wouldn’t it?
W: That’s the idea. And I might even be able to do other stories on a regular basis.
M: That would be great.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q12: What is the woman’s occupation?
Q13: What is the woman writing about?
Q14: Where do the woman’s articles usually appear?
Q15: What does the woman expect?
：
必备词汇
【长对话专项训练】
（一）读选项推断问题
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) About 8:30. B) About 6:30. C) About 5:30. D) About 4:15.
：
听力原文
M: OK, so can I fly out early Monday morning?
W: Well, there is a flight to Linate Airport which leaves at six thirty London time and
gets in at eight thirty Italian time.
M: Yeah, but that only leaves me thirty minutes to clear customs and get into the city
center and it means I have to check in by five thirty, which means leaving home at
about four fifteen.
Q: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) At a community college.
B) At an accountancy firm.
038C) At a shopping centre.
D) At an IT company.
：
听力原文
M: Hi, Susan, you’re looking very smart today.
W: I always look smart, James. Actually, I’m on my way to a job interview.
M: What job? Oh, you mean for the summer holidays?
W: Yeah, there’s only two weeks to go. I’ve got a second interview with that big foreign
accountancy firm in the city centre. You know the one.
M: That’s fantastic!
Q: Where will Susan probably get a job?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) Trying to sketch a map.
B) Painting the dining room.
C) Discussing a house plan.
D) Cleaning the kitchen.
：
听力原文
M: As you can see from the drawings, the kitchen has one door into the dining room,
another into the family room and a third to the outside.
W: The door into the family room isn’t big enough. Could it be made wider?
Q: What are the speakers doing?
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) Its price. B) Its location. C) Its comfort. D) Its facilities.
：
听力原文
W: From here, the mountains look as if you could just reach out and touch them.
M: That’s why I chose this lodge. It has one of the best views in Switzerland.
Q: What is the man’s chief consideration in choosing the lodge?
039四级听力讲义
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) He needs more time for the report.
B) He needs help to interpret the data.
C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman.
D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.
：
听力原文
W: Mike, what’s the problem? You’ve known for a month the report is due today.
M: I know, but I’m afraid I need another few days. The data is harder to interpret than I
expected.
Q: What does the man mean?
（二）读选项锁定关注目标
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) He finds it rather stressful.
B) He is thinking of quitting it.
C) He can handle it quite well.
D) He has to work extra hours.
：
听力原文
W: How are things going, Roald?
M: Not bad, Jane. I’m involved in several projects and it’s a long working day. But I’m
used to that, so it doesn’t bother me too much.
Q: What does the man say about his job?
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) It is used by more people than English.
B) It is more difficult to learn than English.
C) It will be as commonly used as English.
D) It will eventually become a world language.
040：
听力原文
W: Hi Leo, why do you say English would become the world language?
M: Well. For one thing, it’s so commonly used. The only language that is used by more
people is Chinese.
Q: What does the man say about Chinese?
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) The woman is the manager’s secretary.
B) The man found himself in a wrong place.
C) The man is the manager’s business associate.
D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.
：
听力原文
W: What are you doing in here, sir? Didn’t you see the private sign over there?
M: I’m sorry. I didn’t notice it when I came in. I’m looking for the manager’s office.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) She is not available until the end of next week.
B) She is not a reliable source of information.
C) She does not like taking exams.
D) She does not like psychology.
：
听力原文
W: Pam said we won’t have the psychology test until the end of next week.
M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam’s words for anything.
Q: What does the man imply about Pam?
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) They might as well catch the coming bus.
B) They will also miss the next bus.
041四级听力讲义
C) They might as well take the next bus.
D) They hurry up to catch the coming bus.
：
听力原文
W: Hurry up Mark, there’s a bus coming now.
M: Why run? There’ll be another one in 2 or 3 minutes.
Q: What does the man mean?
【长对话真题演练1】
：
选项预览
9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover them.
B) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.
C) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve.
D) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.
10. A) Growing population.
B) Packaging materials.
C) Changed eating habits.
D) Lower production cost.
11. A) By saving energy.
B) By using less aluminum.
C) By reducing poisonous wastes.
D) By making the most of materials.
12. A) We are running out of natural resources soon.
B) Only combined efforts can make a difference.
C) The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us.
D) All of us can actually benefit from recycling.
：
听力原文
W: Why is it important to recycle?
M: There are many reasons. Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills.
Landfills are places to dump waste. But they are unpopular, because they can pollute
042the soil used to cover them and that’s bad for people who may build new homes
there. Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials, such as aluminum and paper.
Finally, recycling can leave a lower garbage bill. Recycling lowers the amount of
waste put into landfills. Therefore, less money is spent for garbage disposal.
W: How has recycling changed over the years?
M: Ten or twenty years ago, you could buy milk in returnable, refillable glass bottles,
and many people recycled voluntarily. Now you buy milk and other products in
plastic bottles or paper containers. Because of the high cost of disposing of these
things in landfills, many city governments now have recycling programs.
W: How does recycling help the environment?
M: Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy. For example, it takes 95
percent less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum.
W: Can one person really make a difference? If only a few people recycle, then what’s
the point?
M: If not you, then who? If we combine our efforts, we can make a difference. Each of
us contributes to the waste problem. All the millions of tons of waste that go into
landfills started as an old pair of slippers, a broken TV set, or a used magazine that
came from somebody’s house—maybe yours!
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q9: Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?
Q10: What does the man say has contributed to the increasing amount of waste over the
years?
Q11: According to the man, how does recycling help the environment?
Q12: Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.
B) He is unhappy with his department manager.
043四级听力讲义
C) He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.
D) He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.
13. A) His workload was much too heavy.
B) His immediate boss did not trust him.
C) His colleagues often refused to cooperate.
D) His salary was too low for his responsibility.
14. A) He never knows how to refuse.
B) He is always ready to help others.
C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.
D) His boss has no sense of fairness.
15. A) Put all his complaints in writing.
B) Wait and see what happens next.
C) Learn to say no when necessary.
D) Talk to his boss in person first.
：
听力原文
W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?
M: Well, I’d like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.
W: What seems to be the problem?
M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I’ve been targeted to do all her
work as well as mine. I’m expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be
spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.
W: I’m sorry to hear that.
M: And, on top of that, I’d specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I’d
done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I’d finished
my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.
W: But surely that’s a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.
M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don’t have such a lot of work to
do.
W: So you feel he’s really making unrealistic demands on you?
M: Yes, absolutely.
044W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?
M: I’ve tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.
W: Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing
else showing that you’ve tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it
further, make it clear that you’re just not a complainer. Why don’t you send an email
requesting a meeting with him in private?
M: Hmm, I’ve been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway, I’ll send him an email
to request a meeting, and I’ll see what happens through that. Thanks for your advice.
W: Good luck. And let us know the outcome.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q12: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
Q13: What is the man’s chief complaint?
Q14: How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help His
colleagues with their work?
Q15: What did the woman advise the man to do?
：
必备词汇
【长对话真题演练2】
：
选项预览
12. A) To place an order.
B) To apply for a job.
C) To return some goods.
D) To make a complaint.
13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.
B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.
C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.
D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.
14. A) It is not his responsibility.
B) It will be free for large orders.
045四级听力讲义
C) It depends on a number of factors.
D) It costs ￡15 more for express delivery.
15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.
B) Report the information to her superior.
C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.
D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.
：
听力原文
M: Hello. Yes?
W: Hello. Is that the sales department?
M: Yes, it is.
W: Oh, well. My name is Jane Kingsbury of GPF limited. We need some supplies for our
design office.
M: Oh, what sort?
W: Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.
M: DO44 or DO45?
W: Ah, I don’t know. What’s the difference?
M: Well, the 45 costs 15 pounds more.
W: So what’s the total price then?
M: It’s 387 pounds.
W: Dose that include valued-added tax?
M: Oh, I’m not sure. Most of the prices do. Yes, I think it does.
W: What are the boards actually made of?
M: Oh, I don’t know. I think it’s a sort of plastic stuff these days. It’s white anyway.
W: And how long does it take to deliver?
M: Oh, I couldn’t really say. It depends on how much work we’ve got and how many
other orders there are to send out, you know.
W: OK, now we also want some drawing pens, ink and rulers, and some drawing paper.
M: Oh dear. The girl who takes all those supplies isn’t here this morning. So I can’t take
those orders for you. I only do the equipment you see.
W: OK, well, perhaps I’ll ring back tomorrow.
046M: So do you want the drawing board then?
W: Oh, I have to think about it. Thanks very much. I’ll let you know. Good-bye.
M: Thank you. Good-bye.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q12: What is the woman’s purpose in making the phone call?
Q13: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
Q14: What does the man say about delivery?
Q15: What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
12. A) At a travel agency.
B) At an Australian airport.
C) At an airline transfer service.
D) At a local transportation authority.
13. A) She would be able to visit more scenic spots.
B) She wanted to save as much money as possible.
C) She would like to have everything taken care of.
D) She wanted to spend more time with her family.
14. A) Four days. C) One week.
B) Five days. D) Two weeks.
15. A) Choosing some activities herself.
B) Spending Christmas with Australians.
C) Driving along the Great Ocean Road.
D) Learning more about wine making.
：
听力原文
M: Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?
W: Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you
047四级听力讲义
could tell me what deals you have.
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything,” what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to
different places of interest and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have
everything taken care of. So, what sort of deals do you have for package holidays
then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and what dates?
W: Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one, 14 nights in southeastern Australia. Five
nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights you
can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for
example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean
Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where
they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q12: Where is the conversation taking place?
Q13: Why is the woman interested in package holidays?
Q14: How long does the woman want to go for the holiday?
Q15: What does the woman say she likes about the holiday package?
：
必备词汇
三、篇章技巧精讲 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
， 3-4 ， 10 ，
篇章题型通常考查三篇文章 每篇文章后设置 个小题 一共 道小题 分值
20%。 220-240 。
比例 文章篇幅大约 个词
048， 、 。
篇章题型常考查议论文和记叙文 且选取的文章篇幅比较长 信息量比较大
， ， ， ，
答题时 首先利用错位听音法 预览选项 推测文章的大致方向 分析选项之间
， 。
的逻辑关系 找出不同题干下相关联的内容
：
听音时需注意以下三点
1） ： ，
主题句一般出现在一段话的开头或者结尾 它
，
们对整篇文章起到了概括或总结的作用 同时也包含了说话人对所谈内容的观点或
。
态度
2） ： ， 、 、 、
边听边做笔记 尤其是数字 时间 人名 地
、 、 、 。
名 出生日期 事件年份 情感以及人物关系等等
3） ： 。
一般题目顺序都和文章顺序一致 所以在标记
， 。
选项中的关键词时 注意各题选项之间具有区分性的词
【大纲样题】
Passage 1 ：
选项预览
16. A) She is both a popular and highly respected author.
B) She is the most loved African novelist of all times.
C) She is the most influential author since the 1930’s.
D) She is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves.
17. A) The Book Critics Circle Award.
B) The Nobel Prize for literature.
C) The Pulitzer Prize for fiction.
D) The National Book Award.
18. A) She is a relative of Morrison’s.
B) She is a slave from Africa.
C) She is a skilled storyteller.
D) She is a black woman.
：
听力原文
In today’s class, we’ll discuss Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved. As I’m sure you all know,
Morrison is both a popular and highly respected author and it’s not easy to be both. Born in
1931, Morrison has written some of the most touching and intelligent works on the African-
049四级听力讲义
American experience ever written by anyone. And yet to call her an African-American writer
doesn’t seem to do her justice. In many ways, she’s simply an American writer and certainly
one of the best. Beloved is a truly remarkable work. It was recommended for nearly every
nature literary class, including the National Book Award and the National Book Critics
Circle Award, and it in fact won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988. Morrison herself is
distinguished for having won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993. What makes Beloved
unique is the skillful sure way in which Morrison blends intensely personal storytelling
and American history, racial themes and gender themes, the experience of blacks with the
experience of all people everywhere, the down-to-earth reality of slavery with the sense of
mysterious spirituality. We will be paying special attention to these themes as we discuss this
work and I’m particularly interested in your views on the relative importance of grace and
gender in this book. Is it more important that Sethe, the main character is black, or that she is
a woman? Which contributes more to her being? What does Morrison tell us about both?
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q16: What do we learn about Toni Morrison?
Q17: What honor did Toni Morrison receive in 1993?
Q18: What does the speaker tell us about Sethe, the main character, in Morrison’s novel
Beloved.
：
必备词汇
Passage 2 ：
选项预览
19. A) They are very generous in giving gifts.
B) They refuse gifts when doing business.
C) They regard gifts as a token of friendship.
D) They give gifts only on special occasions.
20. A) They enjoy giving gifts to other people.
B) They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.
C) They have to follow many specific rules.
D) They pay attention to the quality of gifts.
05021. A) Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.
B) We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.
C) We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.
D) Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.
：
听力原文
The topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes to receive gifts, right? So
you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom. But actually, the rules of gift-giving
vary quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America,
the rules are fairly simple. If you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or
flowers or a small item from your country. Among friends, family and business associates, we
generally don’t give gifts on other occasions except on someone’s birthday and Christmas.
The Japanese, on the other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their
kindness. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. There are many detailed rules
for everything from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation. And
while Europeans don’t generally exchange business gifts, they do follow some formal customs
when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can
carry special meaning. Today we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go
on with additional examples, but let’s not miss the main point here. If we are not aware of
and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are
enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad,
our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with
our global neighbors.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q19: What does the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?
Q20: What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?
Q21: What point does the speaker make at the end of the talk?
：
必备词汇
051四级听力讲义
Passage 3 ：
选项预览
22. A) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.
B) She developed a strong interest in finance.
C) She learned to write for financial newspapers.
D) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.
23. A) She inherited a big fortune from her father.
B) She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.
C) She got 7.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.
D) She made a wise investment in real estate.
24. A) She was dishonest in business dealings.
B) She frequently ill-treated her employees.
C) She abused animals including her pet dog.
D) She was extremely mean with her money.
25. A) She carried on her family’s tradition.
B) She made huge donations to charities.
C) She built a hospital with her mother’s money.
D) She made a big fortune from wise investments.
：
听力原文
Hetty Green was a very spoilt, only child. She was born in Massachusetts, USA, in 1835.
Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of
two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of
six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account.
Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited $7.5 million. She went to New York
and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15
cents. She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she married
Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.
Hetty’s meanness was well known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked
to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free
bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for
it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all,
052when her son Ned fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours
looking for free medical help. In the end Ned lost his leg.
When she died in 1916 she left her children $100 million. Her daughter built a hospital
with her money.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q22: What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?
Q23: How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?
Q24: Why was Hetty Green much hated?
Q25: What do we learn about Hetty’s daughter?
：
必备词汇
【篇章专项训练】
（一）宏观方面（主旨大意）
1. ，
段落首句、末句处：第一句话往往是重点 有时最后一句话也会体现文章的主
。
旨大意
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.
B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.
C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
：
听力原文
Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a
few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature, there they keep other
creatures in check, distribute seeds and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. A
very small percentage of ants do harm to humans.
Q: What does the passage say about ants?
053四级听力讲义
2. 、 。
设问句处：一般疑问句升调处 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词处
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) It often rains cats and dogs.
B) It seldom rains in summer time.
C) It does not rain as much as people think.
D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.
：
听力原文
Today I found out that Seattle doesn’t really get that much rain compared with most US
cities. In fact, Seattle ranks 44th among major US cities in average annual rainfall. Cities that
get more rainfall than Seattle include Huston, Memphis, Nashville, and pretty much every
major city on the eastern coast, such as New York, Boston, and Miami. So why does everyone
think of Seattle as a rainy city? The primary root of this misconception lies in that Seattle has
a relatively large number of days per year with rainfall compared with New York and Boston,
which get an average of about 16% more rain per year than Seattle, but also average between
them about 36 fewer days a year of rainfall.
Q: What does the speaker find out about Seattle?
3. in brief，in short，all in all，generally speaking，conclude，
总结性质的词汇处：
conclusion，consequently, in a word，so，you see，in fact，we can say，OK，most
important of all，anyway...
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) They have their own joys and sorrows.
B) They experience true romantic love.
C) They help humans in various ways.
D) They stay with one partner for life.
：
听力原文
Now our furry friends don’t really experience romantic love, like in the movies, but they
can form deep and lasting bonds with their fellow dogs as well as humans. In fact, evidence
shows that most dogs stay with one partner their whole lives. In actuality, love between dogs
054can be even more intimate than human relationships. When they interact, they aren’t afraid to
smell each other and will express themselves clearly and honestly. Once again, it seems we
have a lot to learn from dogs.
Q: What does the speaker say about most dogs?
4. ，
重复性质的信息（实词重复）处：如果某一实词在文章中多次反复出现 其往
。
往就是正确答案
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) The function of the human immune system.
B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.
：
听力原文
My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the
immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses, and from autoimmune
diseases. We know that as we get older, it’s easier for us to get infections. So older adults have
more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so
well when we age.
Q: What is the focus of the speaker’s research?
5. but，however，yet，instead，today，unfortunately
首段转折处：
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) How animals deal with lack of gravity.
B) How mice interact in a new environment.
C) How low gravity affects the human body.
D) How mice imitate human behavior in space.
：
听力原文
Thanks to the International Space Station, we know quite a bit about the effects of low
gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have
055四级听力讲义
been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice.
Q: What do NASA scientists want to learn about?
（二）微观方面（细节信息）
1. although，though，even though，despite，in spite of，however，
转折、对比处：
but，yet，not... but...，instead，on the other hand，unexpected，unexpectedly，
unfortunately，fortunately
1. ：
例 选项预览
A) Doing what they like best.
B) Loving the work they do.
C) Making no excuses for failures.
D) Following their natural instinct.
：
听力原文
We have a popular saying in America which goes, “Do what you love, and you’ll never
work a day in your life.” But I’m here to tell you that instead of focusing on doing what we
love, I think we should focus on loving what we do. In my line of work, you’ll hear a lot
about talent, which is an idea we’ve mostly invented to give ourselves an excuse to be lazy.
Here’s why: If you see someone doing something really well, you would say it’s because they
are talented. You think they are somehow special. You discount the tremendous amount of
work they’ve done to get to where they are.
Q: What is the speaker’s advice to his audience?
2. because，cause，for，as，since，be due to，lead to，result from，
因果关系处：
result in，as a result，thus，so
2. ：
例 选项预览
A) It is the best time for sightseeing.
B) A race passes through it annually.
C) They come to clean the Iditarod Trail.
D) It is when the villagers choose a queen.
056：
听力原文
In cold and snowy Alaska, there’s a village called Takotna. It has a population of a mere
49 souls. Each March, this tiny village swells up in numbers, because it is located in the
middle of a race that takes place every year. It is a seven-day race, called the Iditarod Trail and
participants stop at Takotna for their obligatory 24-hour rest.
Q: Why do a lot of people come to the village of Takotna every March?
3. ...be known as，that is so called，we call
数字，专有名词，定义，研究发现处：
it...，the definition of... is...，show that，found that，reveal that
3. ：
例 选项预览
A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.
B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.
C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.
D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.
：
听力原文
Research has also shown that in coeducational settings, teachers are more likely to praise
and give in-depth responses to boys’ comments in class. In contrast, they might only respond
to a girl’s comments with a nod. They are also more likely to encourage boys to work through
problems on their own, while they tend to step in and help girls who struggle with a problem.
Q: What do teachers tend to do in coeducational settings?
4. 、 。
强调处：语气强硬的词 形容词和副词最高级等
4. ：
例 选项预览
A) Most of them come from low-income families.
B) Many have become national chess champions.
C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.
：
听力原文
And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville
057四级听力讲义
Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the Super Nationals of chess.
The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the
third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. The school
has the highest number of kids from low income families.
Q: What do we learn about the students of Killip elementary?
5. 、 、 。
特殊修辞处：排比处 举例处 比喻处
5. ：
例 选项预览
A) They help spread the latest technology.
B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.
C) They provide residents with the resources needed.
D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.
：
听力原文
A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted in April, 2016,
finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their
local public libraries. For instance, around three quarters say that public libraries provide them
with the resources they need. And 66% say the closing of their local public library would have
a major impact on their community although notably, just 33% say this would have a major
impact on them personally or on their family.
Q: What do most Americans say about local public libraries?
【篇章真题演练1】
：
选项预览
20. A) Time spent exercising. C) Time spent on leisure activities.
B) Time spent working. D) Time spent with friends and family.
21. A) Reading. C) Eating out.
B) Surfing the web. D) Watching TV.
22. A) Driving. C) Going to the pub.
B) Gardening. D) Visiting friends.
058：
听力原文
Results of a recent Harris Poll on free time showed that the average work week for many
Americans is 50 hours. With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of household
duties, there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans. However, having free
time to relax and pursue hobbies is important. People need time away from the pressure of
study or work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family.
In different countries free time is spent in different ways. The results of the Harris Poll
showed that reading was the most popular spare time activity in the US. This was followed by
watching TV. In a UK survey on leisure time activities, watching TV and videos was the most
popular. Listening to the radio came second.
In a similar survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating
out. The second most popular activity was driving. There were also differences in the most
popular outdoor pursuits between the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for
Americans was gardening. In the UK, it was going to the pub. In Japan, going to bars ranked
eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth.
Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time,
there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing. In the US, for example, the
popularity of computer activities is increasing. Many more people in the States are spending
their free time surfing the web, emailing friends or playing games online.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q20: What is the recent Harris Poll mainly about?
Q21: What was the most popular leisure activity in the US?
Q22: What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
16. A) How being an identical twin influences one’s identity.
B) Why some identical twins keep their identities secret.
C) Why some identical twins were separated from birth.
059四级听力讲义
D) How identical twins are born, raised and educated.
17. A) Their second wives were named Linda.
B) They grew up in different surroundings.
C) Their first children were both daughters.
D) They both got married when they were 39.
18. A) They want to find out the relationship between environment and biology.
B) They want to see what characteristics distinguish one from the other.
C) They want to understand how twins communicate when far apart.
D) They want to know whether twins can feel each other’s pain.
：
听力原文
Scientists understand how twins were born. Now, though, they are trying to explain how
being half of a biological pair influences a twin’s identity. They want to know why many
identical twins make similar choices even when they don’t live near each other. For example,
Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins. They were separated when they were only
four months old. The two Jims grew up in different families and did not meet for 39 years.
When they finally met, they discovered some surprising similarities between them. Both men
were married twice. Their first wives were named Linda, and their second wives were both
named Betty. Both twins named their first sons James Allan. Scientists want to know what
influences our personality.
They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim
Springer and Jim Louis. These twins help scientists understand the connection between
environment and biology. Researchers at the University of Minnesota studied 350 sets of
identical twins who did not grow up together. They discovered many similarities in their
personalities. Scientists believe that personality characteristics such as friendliness, shyness
and fears are not a result of environment. These characteristics are probably inherited.
Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have
many questions. For example, they want to know “Can twins really communicate without
speaking? Can one twin really feel another twin’s pain?” Perhaps with more research,
scientists will find the answers.
060Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q16: What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?
Q17: What do we learn about the twin Jims?
Q18: Why are scientists interested in studying identical twins raised in different
families?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
22. A) They need decorations to show their status.
B) They prefer unique objects of high quality.
C) They decorate their homes themselves.
D) They care more about environment.
23. A) They were proud of their creations.
B) They could only try to create at night.
C) They made great contributions to society.
D) They focused on the quality of their products.
24. A) Make wise choices.
B) Identify fake crafts.
C) Design handicrafts themselves.
D) Learn the importance of creation.
25. A) To boost the local economy.
B) To attract foreign investments.
C) To arouse public interest in crafts.
D) To preserve the traditional culture.
：
听力原文
Today’s consumers want beautiful handcrafted objects to wear and to have for their
home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today
are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more
unique handcrafted items become available. Handcrafts are big business. No long does a
061四级听力讲义
good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day and then try to create at night. He has
earned his professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Parts of the fun of
being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share their ideas and materials and
help others find markets for their work. Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make
wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate
their choice to its intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves.
When a group of craftsmen expends to include more members, a small craft organization
is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, craft
marketing techniques, craft fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations.
State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist
consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts,
but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q22: What does the speaker say about today’s consumers?
Q23: What does the speaker say about a good craftsman in the past?
Q24: What do craftsmen help consumers do?
Q25: Why do state art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?
：
必备词汇
【篇章真题演练2】
：
选项预览
16. A) They have small roots.
B) They grow white flowers.
C) They taste like apples.
D) They come from Central Africa.
17. A) They turned from white to purple in color.
B) They became popular on the world market.
C) They became an important food for humans.
D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.
06218. A) They were found quite nutritious.
B) There were serious food shortages.
C) People discovered their medicinal value.
D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.
：
听力原文
Wild carrots probably evolved with the other flowering plants about 360 million years
ago. Like apples, carrots are native to Central Asia. That’s why horses, which also come from
Central Asia, like both apples and carrots so much.
With wild carrots, the roots are white, small and skinny, so you’d have to pick a lot of
wild carrots to get enough to eat. Doctors used carrot seeds and roots as medicine on the
theory that foods that taste bad must be good for you.
Around 800 AD, people in Central Asia managed to develop a new kind of carrot—a
purple carrot that attracted more interest from international traders. Then in the late 1500s,
food scientists in the Netherlands cultivated large, straight, sweet, red carrots like the ones we
eat today. But people still mostly fed carrots to horses, donkeys and pigs, and didn’t eat them
themselves.
In the 1600s, people in China used carrots as medicine, but they also ate carrots boiled
in soup. The red color was popular for Chinese New Year celebrations. But carrots got their
biggest boost during the two world wars when food shortages forced people to eat them, and
governments told everyone how healthy carrots were; Today, cooler countries grow most of
the world’s carrots. Machines do most of the planting and picking, and carrots are easy to
store and ship, so they are cheap almost everywhere.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q16: What do we learn from the talk about wild carrots?
Q17: What does the speaker say about carrots in the late 1500s?
Q18: Why did people turn to carrots for food during the two world wars?
：
必备词汇
063四级听力讲义
：
选项预览
19. A) If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place.
B) If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.
C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.
D) If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.
20. A) Allow them to play interesting games in class.
B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.
C) Let them stay home and learn from their parents.
D) Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.
21. A) Allow kids to learn at their own pace.
B) Encourage kids to learn from each other.
C) Organize kids into various interest groups.
D) Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.
：
听力原文
Some people say, if kids didn’t happen to go to school, they’d all be out in the streets.
My reply is “No, they wouldn’t.” First, even if schools stay just what they are, children would
spend at least some time there, because that’s where they’d be likely to find their friends.
Second, schools wouldn’t stay the way they are. They’d get better, because we would have to
start making them what they ought to be right now. Last, if we stirred up our brains and gave
children a little help, those who did not want to go to school could find other things to do—
things many children now do during their holidays. There’s something easier we could do. We
need to get kids out of the school buildings, give them a chance to learn about the world at
first hand. In Philadelphia and Portland, Oregon, plans are being drawn up for public schools
that won’t have any school buildings at all. That will take the students out into the city and
help them to use it and its people as a resource. In others words, students perhaps in groups,
perhaps independently, will go to libraries, museums, exhibitions, courtrooms, radio and TV
stations, meetings, businesses, and laboratories to learn about their world and society at first
hand. A small private school in Washington is already doing this. It makes sense. We need
more of it.
064Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q19: What are some people worried about according to the speaker?
Q20: What does the speaker think we could do for the kids who dislike school?
Q21: What does the speaker say is the easier thing we could do?
：
必备词汇
：
选项预览
22. A) Students majoring in nutrition.
B) Students in health classes.
C) Ph.D. candidates in dieting.
D) Middle and high school teachers.
23. A) Its overestimate of the effect of dieting.
B) Its mistaken conception of nutrition.
C) Its changing criteria for beauty.
D) Its overemphasis on thinness.
24. A) To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.
B) To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.
C) To explain how computer images can be misleading.
D) To prove that technology has impacted our culture.
25. A) To persuade girls to stop dieting.
B) To promote her own concept of beauty.
C) To establish an emotional connection with students.
D) To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.
：
听力原文
Jody Hubbard is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in
middle and high schools. She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the
school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. Her biggest concern
is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative way that affects girls
today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but, more important, she has personal experience. Her
065四级听力讲义
mother taught her to diet when she was only 8 years old. Jody has created several different
presentations, which she gives to different types of audiences and she tries to establish an
emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or
talking to her privately. She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful
women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and
“beautiful” than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed
over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the
physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and
the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs.
Sometimes Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting; other
times she feels that she fails.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q22: Who does Jody Hubbard primarily speak to?
Q23: What is Jody Hubbard’s biggest concern about American culture?
Q24: Why does Jody Hubbard show pictures of beautiful women to her audiences?
Q25: What is Jody Hubbard’s main purpose in giving her speeches?
：
必备词汇
066
