文档内容
篇 1 白皮书
全面建成小康社会的伟大实践，积累了尊重和保障人权的宝贵经验。这就
是在中国共产党的领导下，在中国特色社会主义制度中，坚持人权的普遍性与
中国国情相结合，坚持以人民为中心的人权理念，坚持生存权发展权是首要的
基本人权，坚持以发展促人权，坚持人民幸福生活是最大的人权，坚持人权法
治保障，坚持促进人权事业全面发展，推动构建人类命运共同体。
中国人口占世界总人口的近五分之一。中国全面建成小康社会，是世界人
权事业发展史上的重要里程碑。中国在全面建成小康社会的伟大进程中，所创
造的尊重和保障人权的成功做法和经验，为增进人类福祉贡献了中国智慧、提
供了中国方案。
人权保障没有最好，只有更好。全面建成小康社会，奠定了中国人权发展
进步的新起点。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中，中国共产党将把握
新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，继续带领
全体人民为享有更加幸福安康的生活和更高水平的人权而奋斗。中国必将为世
界人权事业发展作出新的更大贡献。篇 2 经济学人
A robotaxi boom is coming. It will transform city life. Urban economies reflect how
their residents get around. And before long, that will start to change—more
dramatically than at any time since the automobile was invented over a century ago.
The robotaxis now autonomously shuttling passengers around the Bay Area (湾区) or
Los Angeles (洛杉矶) may look like ordinary cars, perhaps with a few ungainly
sensors, but as they spread and develop, they will operate under different constraints
to human-driven ones, and accordingly reshape cities.
The most important fact about them is also the most obvious: no one is at the wheel.
That makes their economics entirely different to either regular taxis or cars. Unlike
taxis, per-trip costs can be low. A rider no longer needs to buy a driver's time at a high
enough wage to make it worth their while.
Although robotaxis still need to be charged, maintained, cleaned and so on, doing so
is far cheaper. Unlike regular cars, robotaxis do not sit idle for most of the day,
meaning their main cost—the investment to build them—can be spread across many
more journeys. Such costs will also come down once fleets begin to be built in bulk.
Carmakers will be able to fiddle with the shape of cars that no longer need to
accommodate a driver.San Francisco (旧金山) may not yet have seen job losses, but that is likely to change
as costs fall. America is home to 1 million taxi and bus drivers, as well as over 3
million truck drivers—adding up to 3% of the working population.
Other potential losers are less obvious. Without car accidents there will, for instance,
be less demand for personal-injury lawyers. If people stop buying cars, dealers and
used-car salesmen will go. Robotaxis might compete with short-haul air travel and
even hotels if some are kitted out with beds.
Although new jobs will be created—in, say, managing fleets or manning depots—
they will hardly make up for the losses. Social disruption is likely; at the same time,
job losses will be an opportunity. Workforces in the rich world are shrinking as
populations age. Freeing people to work elsewhere might be invaluable.
Productivity in the transport industry would surge. The rest of the economy ought to
perk up, too. An average working American spends just under an hour commuting
each day, against eight hours on the job. Turning even a sliver of that into work could
boost output appreciably, says Will Denyer of Gavekal (Gavekal研究公司的威尔·德
尼尔). Self-driving cars offer a smoother ride, which, along with better suspension,
should make it easier to get work done onboard.
