文档内容
Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.
九年级英语上册必备知识清单
一、词汇知识清单
I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]
standard n. 标准;水平 survey n. 调查 row n. 一排;一列;一行 keyboard n. 琴键;键盘
method n.方法;措施 double v. 加倍; instruction n. 指示,命令 shall v. 将要
graduate v. 毕业 caring adj. 体贴人的 overcome v. 克服,战胜 ours pron. 我们的
text n. 课文;文本 senior adj. 级别高的 level n. 水平 degree n. 学位, 度数
manager n. 经理 gentleman n. 先生,绅士 graduation n. 毕业 ceremony n. 典礼
congratulate v. 祝贺 thankful adj. 感谢的 thirsty adj. 渴望的,口渴的 lastly adv. 最后
task n. 任务;工作 ahead adv. 向前面; responsible adj. 有责任心的 wing n. 翅膀
separate adj. 单独的;分离的
II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
1. survey n. 调查----surveyor n. 测量员;检验员
2. standard n. 标准;水平----standardized adj. 标准的;标准化的;定型的----standardize v. 使标准化;
用标准检验----standardization n.标准化
3. instruction n. 指示;命令----instruct v. 指导;通知;命令;教授----instructor n. 指导书;教员;指导
者----instructive adj. 有益的;教育性的
4. graduate v. 毕业;获得学位 ----graduation n.毕业----graduated adj. 分等级的;毕了业的;为毕业生设
立的
5. caring adj.体贴人的;关心他人的----care v.关怀;照料----careful adj. 仔细的,小心的----careless adj.
粗心的----carefully adv.仔细地;小心地----carelessly adv.粗心大意地----carelessness n.粗心;大意
6. manager n. 经理;经营者----manage v.管理;应付----management n.管理
7. congratulate v. 祝贺----congratulation n. 祝贺
8. thirsty adj. 口渴的; 渴望的 ----thirst n. & v. 渴望;口渴;热望----thirstily adv. 口渴地;如饥似
渴地
9. thankful adj. 感谢;感激----thank v.感谢;感激----thanks n.感谢
10. ahead adv. 向前面;在前面---- head v. 前进;用头顶;作为……的首领 n.头 ;首领
11. responsible adj. 承担责任;有责任----responsibility n.责任----irresponsible adj. 不负责任的;不可靠
的----irresponsibility n. 无责任,无责任感----responsibly adv. 明事理地;认真负责地;可信赖地,可
靠地12. separate adj. 单独的; 分离的 v. 分开;分离----separation n. 分离,分开;间隔----separately adv. 分
别地;分离地;个别地----separated adj. 分开的;分居;不在一起生活的
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
1.in a row一排;一列
2. do a survey 做一个调查
3. be patient with sb 对…有耐心
4. work out 解答;算出
5. put in more effort更加努力
6.look back at 回首
7.make a mess 弄得一团糟
8. keep my cool 保持冷静
9. look forward to doing sth期望做某事
10. believe in sb 信任某人
11. first of all 首先
12. be responsible for 对自己....负责
13. ahead of sb 在某人前面
14.be thankful to sb 向某人表达感激
15.be thirsty for 渴求
16. set out出发;启程
17. separate from与…分离
IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]
1. survey n.调查
【短语】make/do a survey of...做一个关于...的调查
2.standard标准;水准
【短语】meet the standards of....符合...的要求
3.instruction 指示;命令
【巧记】instruct+ion=instruction
【短语】follow the instruction遵循...的说明
4.degree 学位;度数;程度
get a business degree获得商学位
5.manager 经理
【巧记】manage(管理;经营)+r=manager【拓展】manage to do sth设法做成某事
6.graduation n.毕业
【拓展】graduate v.毕业 graduate from...从...毕业
7.thankful adj.感恩的;感激的 【巧记】thank+ful(形容词后缀)=thankful
【拓展】be thankful to sb对某人心存感激
8.congratulate v.祝贺
【巧记】congratulate+ion=congratulation (n.祝贺)
【拓展】congratulate sb on sth因某事向某人祝贺
9.separate (1) v.分隔,分离 (常与from连用)(2) adj. 分开的,独立的,不同的
辨析separate, divide
separate着重指把原来结合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分开或隔离,常与from连用;
divide着重指将整体分成若干部分,常与into连用。
10.caring adj. 体贴人的
【巧记】care(关心/在意)+ing=caring
care about 关心;在乎;介意 care for喜欢;照顾 take care of照顾
11.responsible adj.有责任的 be responsible for对...负责
【巧记】responsibility n.责任
12.thirsty adj.饥渴的;渴望的
【短语】be thirsty for=be hungry for对......渴望
13.overcome v.克服;战胜
短语赏析:
1.in a row连续几次地
【拓展】in a row还可以意为“成一排”;row还可以作为动词,意为“划(船)”
2. 关于help的短语
help sb (to) do sth帮助做某事 help oneself to sth随便吃... help out帮助解决问题
With(out) the help of sb=with(out) one’s help(没)在某人的帮助下 couldn’t help doing sth忍不住做某事
3. make a mess of将...弄的一团糟
【拓展】in a mess乱七八糟
4.关于set的短语
set about sth./doing sth. 着手做某事 set aside 放在一边,搁置;存蓄,留下
set off 燃放(鞭炮等),使…发出响声 set out =set off动身,出发 set up 建立4. 区别believe in和believe
believe in 信任某人(品质、作风)
believe 相信某人所说的话
5. 关于look的短语
look back at 回首;回忆 look for寻找 look forward to 期待 look after 照顾 look down on轻视
V、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]
重点句子:
1.Life is full of the unexpected.生活充满了意外。
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.我起床时,我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
3.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.我正要上楼时,突然决定先去喝咖啡。
4.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country.
Welles描述地如此的逼真以至于成百上千的人相信了这个故事,恐惧在全国蔓延开来。
5.Why did the supermarket run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day?
为什么有一年愚人节时,超市里的意大利面条全卖光了?
6.When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.
当我回到家时,我意识到我把钥匙忘在了背包里。
句子解析:
1.Life is full of the unexpected.
【点拨1】区别be full of和be filled with
be full of 充满;装满 The room is full of people.
be filled with 充满,是fill...with的被动语态 The bottle is filled with sand.
【点拨2】 the unexpected为“the+形容词”结构,意为“一类人或一类事物”,在句子中充当主语时,谓
语动词要用复数形式。
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
【点拨】by the time意为“在...以前;到...时候”,引导时间状语从句。从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完
成时态。
3.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
【点拨】be about to do sth意为“即将做某事”,表示客观上马上发生的事情,常与when连用。
4.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole
country.
【点拨】so...that意为“如此...以至于”,引导结果状语从句。常用的结构有: so+形容词/副词+that从句;so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句;so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句;so+much/little+不可数名
词+that从句
【拓展】so that 意为“为了...;目的是....”,引导目的状语从句。
5.Why did the supermarket run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day?
【点拨】
run out of “用完...”,是及物动词短语;主语一般是人,of后跟东西,表示某人用完某物。
run out “用完...”,是不及物动词短语;主语一般是物,表示某物用完了,是用主动表示被动意
义。。
6.When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.
【点拨】leave(left)此处用作及物动词,意为“遗忘;留下”,常用的结构:leave+宾语+地点状语,意
为“把某物遗忘在某处”;而forget sth表示忘记某物,其后不能接地点状语。
二、语法知识清单
1. 一般过去时
定义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去
的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。
结构:① 动词was/were + 表语② 实义动词的过去式 + …
2.现在进行时
定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。常和now、at present等或与动词listen、look连用。
结构: be (am/is/are) + 动词的现在分词
3. 一般将来时
定义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间连用,比如 next week、next
year、3 days later、in 3 days等。
结构:①will/shall + 动词原形(shall 用于第一人称) ②be going to + 动词原形
4. 现在完成时
定义:现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结
果或影响。
【注意】现在完成时常与下列时间状语连用:
already, yet, ever, never, just ,before, several times,so far, up to now(到目前为止),in the last/past few years(在过去
的几年里),since, for,how long
结构:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + …◆区分for和since
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时)
⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)
◆区分has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
have/has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场,可能在路上和已经到)
have/has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)
have/has been in:待了多久(还在所呆的地方)
◆常用的短暂性动词及与之对应的延续性动词
buy-----have leave-----be away
come/go to/get to/arrive-----be in borrow-----keep/have
join-----be in/on begin-----be on
die-----be dead finish-----be over
marry-----married return-----be back
5. 宾语从句
1. 定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
2. 宾语从句连接词(that; whether/if; wh-)
◆that引导的宾语从句,that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。
注:若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个连词that可以省
略。如:She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
◆if / whether引导的宾语从句
1) if和whether作“是否”讲,一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。
2) if和whether的区别
①whether与or not直接连用,如:I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow.
②whether与动词不定式连用,如:She can’t decide whether to go to America.
③从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether。如:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
④宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,应用whether,不用if。如:Whether this is true, I can’t say.
⑤if引导条件状语从句,意为“假如,如果”,如:If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
3. 宾语从句语序:陈述语序
4. 宾语从句时态
①若主句是一般现在时,从句用任何所需时态。
②若主句是一般过去时,从句则用跟过去相关的时态。③当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子,其时态用一般现在时。
三、语篇知识清单
一、话题分析
本单元话题是“School days (学校生活)”,让学生回顾初中三年的学习生活并展望未来,叙述对自己
有较大影响的某个人或某件事。以回忆自己或他人的学校生活为主线,以感恩为主题,主要描写人物或记
叙事件。这类文章通常是提示性作文,同时又兼有开放性。此类话题源于实际生活,注意从平时的生活中
提炼素材并写出自己的所感所想。学校活动通常从以下角度命题:学生学校生活,学校活动以及学校安全
教育等。二、写作方法
“三步法”写“对自己影响最大的人或事类”作文
1.引出话题
2.人物/事件介绍
3.表达感激/感想
或者
第一段:对在学校的生活进行总体评价。
第二段:具体描述在学校参与的课程、活动以及与老师、同学的相处等内容。
第三段:表达自己的感想。
三、素材积累
作文常用词汇和语块:
“对自己影响最大的人或事类”作文常用词汇:
person, influence, encourage, overcome, thankful, caring, take on new challenges, have problems with, advice, day
by day, the importance of, help me with
课程
English英语 math数学 Chinese语文 physics 物理 chemistry化学 PE.体育 science 科 学
art美术 history历史 music音乐 biology生物 geography地理 polity 政治 computer 计算
机文体活动
baseball 棒球basketball 篮球 bench 长凳chess 国际象棋 court 球场 football 足球jogging 慢跑
piano 钢琴 running 赛跑 swimming 游泳 tennis 网球 violin 小提琴volleyball 排球
人际关系
harmonious 和谐的
friendly 友好的civilized 文明的
honest 真诚的
credible 诚信的
help each other 互助帮助
care for each other 互相关心
learn from each other 互相学习
cherish 珍惜
take an active part in 积极参与
promote the friendship 增进友谊
improve the relationship 改善关系
communicate with 交流、沟通
trust each other 彼此信任
build a good relationship 建立良好的关系
“对自己影响最大的人或事类”作文常用句型:
1. The person who has influenced me most is...
2.He encouraged/helped me to do better in...
3. When I face difficulty in my daily life, his spirit...
4. I am sure I will grow up better with...
四.【实例讲解】
【写作任务】
某英文杂志社正在举办题为“The teacher I will never forget”的征文活动。请你结合自身经历,写一篇
英语短文向该杂志社投稿。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调 体裁:记叙文 时态:以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 人称:第一人称和
第三人称
2. 谋布局、写句子(1) Mr. Wang is of medium build and has short hair
(2) Mr. Wang likes / loves (playing) sports
(3) Mr. Wang is very patient and is never angry with us
(4) one morning while I was copying my deskmate's math homework
(5) he said he could help me if I needed help
(6) I decided not to copy anyone's homework anymore
(7) And with Mr. Wang's help, I made great / much progress in math
3. 巧衔接
本文中体现了语义搭配这一通过词汇纽带来使上下文紧密连贯的衔接方式。如本文中的 ... years old,
of medium build, has ... hair, likes, is good at, patient, is never angry with, still remember, will never forget这些表
达都与描写人物相关联,从而使文章成为一个有机统一体。
4. 成篇章
The teacher I will never forget
_____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________The teacher I will never forget
The teacher I will never forget is Mr. Wang, my primary school math teacher.
Mr. Wang is 30 years old. He is of medium build and has short hair. He likes sports and he is good
at playing basketball. He is very patient and is never angry with us.
I still remember one morning while I was copying my deskmate's math homework, Mr. Wang came into the
classroom. I was so afraid that I didn't know what to do at that time. To my surprise, he wasn't angry with me.
Instead, he told me copying homework wasn't good for me and then he said he could help me if I needed help. I
was so moved that I decided not to copy anyone's homework anymore.From then on, I did my homework by
myself. And with his help, I made great progress in math.
I will never forget Mr. Wang. I hope he will be happy and healthy in the future.
五、写作训练一
你的初中生活即将结束。此时此刻,正是回顾过
去,展望未来之际。请写一篇英语短文,谈谈你对初中
三年学习生活的感受和对高中生活的向往。短文需包括如下要点,可适当拓展以使行文连贯:
1. 师生关系;
2. 学业成就;
3.生活乐趣;
4.感受初中;
5.向往高中。
注意:
1.词数:80左右。
2.文章的开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。
I'll graduate from my junior high school
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】I'll graduate from my junior high school. At the moment of looking back at the three ycars and looking
forward to the senior high school,many words have come to my mind.
The first to come into my mind are my teachers.It's quite unbelievable that they've spent more than
1,000 days with us. In fact,we are more than teachers and students. With their help,I've made great progress
especially in English and math. What's more, I even got into the top three in our class once. Besides study,I
also enjoy myself in doing other things, including joining in clubs and doing sports with nice classmates.
In a word, my junior high school life is an unforgettable experience. And I believe my senior high school will
be more meaningful.