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2025年军队文职人员招聘《英语语言文学》
模拟预测1
即刻题库 www.jike.vip
1 、 单选题
Henry James was most famous for( )
A ： his poems
B ： his plays
C ： his novels
D ： his short stories
正确答案： C
解析：
美国文学之作家概况。Henry James是美国著名的小说家，和Mark Twain同时代。他的
代表作有TheAmerican(《美国人》)和The Portrait of a Lady(《一个贵妇人的画像》)。
2 、 单选题
( ) are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.
A ： Roots
B ： Stems
C ： Affixes
D ： Compounds
正确答案： C
解析：
考查黏着语素。题干为：以下哪一项是黏着语素，不能被作为单独的单词使用？A
项Roots(词根)、B项Stems(词干)和D项Compounds(复合词)都可以作为单独的单词使用，
只有C项Affixes(词缀)必须依附其他语素构成单词，才可作为单独的单词使用。
3 、 单选题
Conceptual meaning is not ( )A ： affective
B ： cognitive
C ： logic
D ： denotation
正确答案： A
解析：
考查具体的意义类型。G.Leech′s的意义分类共有七种：概念意义(conceptual meaning)、
内涵意义( connotative meaning)、社会意义(social meaning)、情感意义(affective
meaning)、反映意义(reflected meaning)、搭配意义(collocative meaning)和主题意
义(thematic meaning)。它们又可总结为三类：概念意义、感情意义(内涵意义、社会意
义、情感意义、反映意义、搭配意义)和主题意义。概念意义是逻辑的、认知的、外延的
内容，而不是感情的。
4 、 单选题
Of Dickens′ novels，( )is considered most autobiographical.
A ： Tale of Two Cities
B ： David Copperfield
C ： Oliver Twist
D ： Great Expectations
正确答案： B
解析：
考查英国作家及其作品。狄更斯是英国著名的现实主义小说家，主要作品包括A tale of
Two Cities《双城记》、Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》、David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲
尔》、Great Expectation 《远大前程》和Hard Times《艰难时世》。其中，《大卫·科
波菲尔》被认为是狄更斯带有自传性质的一部小说。
5 、 单选题
The army is too( )to strike back.
A ： weak
B ： feeble
C ： fragile
D ： vulnerable
正确答案： A
解析：
考查形容词辨析。军队力量薄弱，无法还击。6 、 单选题
My father often works( )into the night，which moves me( ).
A ： deeply，deely
B ： deep，deep
C ： deeply，deep
D ： deep，deeply
正确答案： D
解析：
考查副词辨析。四个选项都与“深深地”有关，其区别在于：deep常用来修饰静止状态
和介词短语，第一个空格处应当填入deep，与后面构成deep into the night，表示夜深；
deeply一般用来修饰带有感情色彩的动词，因此第二个空格处应填入deeply，用以修
饰touched。故本题选D。句意：父亲总是工作到深夜，这让我很受触动。
7 、 单选题
Which of the following is not the function of the Australian parliament？( )
A ： Making laws
B ： Authorising the Government to spend public money
C ： Scrutinising govermment activities
D ： Interpreting constitutional provisions
正确答案： D
解析：
考查澳大利亚国家概况。A项Making laws.(制订法律)，B项Authorising the Government
to spend public money.( 授权政府使用公共资金)和C项Scrutinising government
activities.(审查政府活动)均属于议会的职能。只有D项Interpreting constitutional
provisions.“解释宪法规定”属于司法部门的职能，由最高法院执行。
8 、 单选题
Lexemeis( ).
A ： a physically defmable unit
B ： the common factor underlying a set of forms
C ： a grammatical unit
D ： an indefinable unit
正确答案： B
解析：语言学概念。词位是语言学中形态分析的抽象个体。
9 、 单选题
-Would you mind telling me your address？-Somewhere in the southern of
Handan.Which maxim of the Cooperative Principle that above example violates？( )
A ： The maxim of quality
B ： The maxim of relation
C ： The maxim of quantity
D ： The maxim of manner
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语用学知识。数量的准则关注的是话语的信息量，即所提供的信息应是交际需要的，
不要提供交际以外的额外信息(不要多也不要少)。关系准则是指说话要相关。质量准则
是指不要说自知是虚假的话，也不要说缺乏足够证据的话。方式准则是指说话要清楚、
明了，避免晦涩，避免歧义，要简练，井井有条。在这个例子中，回答者没有说出提问
者需要的交际信息，信息不足。因此，这个对话违反了数量准则。
10 、 单选题
The noun "tear" and the verb "tear"are( ).
A ： homophones
B ： allophones
C ： complete homonyms
D ： homographs
正确答案： D
解析：
语言学概念的实例分析。名词tear(眼泪)和动词tear(撕扯)形同、音异、意异，所以属
于homograph（同形异义词）。
11 、 单选题
President Jefferson bought ( ) from France and doubled the countrys territory.
A ： New Mexico
B ： the Louisiana Territory
C ： Kansas
D ： Ohio
正确答案： B解析：
美国历史。题目问美国的哪个州是从法国买来的，答案是Louisiana(路易斯安那)。
12 、 单选题
It was the training that he had as a young man( )made him such a good engineer.
A ： has
B ： later
C ： which
D ： that
正确答案： D
解析：
考查强调句型。句子强调的部分是the training that he had as a young man，后面
填that。故本题选D。句意：正是他年轻时所受的训练使他成为一位如此出色的工程师。
13 、 单选题
The original New Zealand residentsare( )
A ： Eskimos
B ： Maoris
C ： Indians
D ： Inuits
正确答案： B
解析：
新西兰地理。Maoris（毛利人）是新西兰的土著居民。Eskimos(爰斯基摩人)是指居住在
阿拉斯加和加拿大的北美土著居民；Indians（印第安人）是指除爱斯基摩人以外的所有
美洲原住民；Inuits（因纽特人）是对爱斯基摩人的另外一种称谓。
14 、 单选题
The distinction between competence and performance was made by( ).
A ： Halliday
B ： Saussure
C ： Bloomfield
D ： Chomsky
正确答案： D
解析：语言学家及其代表理论。Competence and Performance(语言能力及语言运用)是Noam
Chomsky在其代表作Aspects of the Theory of Syntax中提出的。
15 、 单选题
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent( )，or pronghorn.
A ： it is the American antelope
B ： the American antelope is
C ： is the American antelope
D ： the American antelope
正确答案： C
解析：
考查倒装句。本句话中，主语、谓语、宾语完全倒装，宾语typical of the grassland
dwellers of the continent提前，表示强调，后面的主语为The American antelope，or
pronghorn。故本题选C。句意：非洲大陆的典型草原动物是美洲羚羊或叉角羚。
16 、 单选题
A sentence is considered when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the
mind of ( ) native speakers.
A ： right
B ： wrong
C ： grammatical
D ： ungrammatical
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语义知识。当一个句子符合讲母语者心中的语法知识时，它就被认为是合乎语法的。
17 、 单选题
Looking like a common object，the key chain has a(n)( )meaning to me.
A ： extraodinary
B ： particular
C ： peculiar
D ： exceptional
正确答案： B
解析：考查形容词辨析。A项指“意想不到的；惊奇的”，B项指“不同寻常的”，C项指“古
怪的；奇异的”，D项指“杰出的；优秀的”。将四项代入句中可知，B项最符合题意。
故本题选B。句意：这个钥匙链看，上去其貌不扬，但对我来说有特别的意义。
18 、 单选题
The following American states are among the first thirteen colonies except( ).
A ： Maryland
B ： South Carolina
C ： Delaware
D ： Colorado
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国历史。北美十三州( 13 states of North America )是指英国于1607年至1733年
在北美洲东起大西洋沿岸西迄阿巴拉契亚山脉的狭长地带建立的一系列英属殖民地，最
初为1606年，伦敦的弗吉尼亚公司组织首批移民迁往北美；1607年5月24日在詹姆斯河
河口处建立定居点，定名“詹姆斯敦”，史称此次行动为英国建立北美殖民地的开端。
最后为1733年的佐治亚殖民地。1607-1732 年间有16个，兼并后只剩13个，也就是美国
建国之初的13个州，是美利坚合众国独立时的组成部分。分别为：弗吉尼亚、马萨诸塞、
新罕布什尔、马里兰、罗得岛、康涅狄格、北卡罗来纳、南卡罗来纳、纽约、新泽西、
宾夕法尼亚、特拉华和佐治亚。因此A、B、C三项不符合题意。
19 、 单选题
The( )at the military academy is so rigid that some people cannot endure it.
A ： convention
B ： confinement
C ： principle
D ： discipline
正确答案： D
解析：
考查名词辨析。句意：军事院校的纪律如此严格以至于有些学生几乎不能忍
受。convention“习俗，惯例；公约，协议；(尤指政党或专业人士举行的)大会，会
议”；confinement“ 限制，禁闭”；principle“原理，原则”；discipline“纪律”，
可与rigid搭配。
20 、 单选题
His encounter( )the dog had completelly unnerved him.
A ： toB ： with
C ： of
D ： for
正确答案： B
解析：
考查名词+介词词组。encounter with sth.表示“与……的相遇”。故本题选B。句意：
他碰到条狗，把他吓得半死。
21 、 单选题
The largest lake in Britain is( ).
A ： the Lake Neagh
B ： Windermere Water
C ： oniston Water
D ： the Lake District
正确答案： A
解析：
英国地理。题目问英国最大的湖泊是什么湖，答案是Lake Neagh(内伊湖)。英格兰西北
部的湖区（the Lake District）是英国著名的旅游景点，也是著名的湖畔诗人华兹华斯
（William Wordsworth）的家乡。
22 、 单选题
NP and ( ) are essential components of a sentence.
A ： VP
B ： PP
C ： AP
D ： all of the above
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语义知识。名词短语和动词短语是句子的基本成分，它们是构成句子的重要部分。
23 、 单选题
Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of Emily Dickenson′s poems？( )
A ： Nature
B ： Life and deathC ： Love and marriage
D ： War and peace
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。迪金森的诗主要关注的是自然、爱情、生命及死亡，她的作
品并不涉及战争。
24 、 单选题
Which American president was at the same time period with Martin Luther King Jr.？
A ： John Kennedy
B ： Abraham Lincoln
C ： George Washington
D ： Ronald Reagan
正确答案： A
解析：
美国历史。考查和Martin Luther King Jr.处于同一时期的美国总统。Martin Luther King
Jr.所处的时代是美国民权运动时期，当时的美国总统是John Kennedy，二者先后遇刺身
亡。Abraham Lincoln领导了美国的南北战争；George Washington则领导了美国的独立
战争。
25 、 单选题
So involved with their computers( )that leaders at summer computer camps often
have to force them to break for sports and games.
A ： became the children
B ： become the children
C ： had the children become
D ： do the children become
正确答案： D
解析：
考查倒装句。本句包括一个so...that...结构，so用在句首时，要用倒装句。C项时态错误。
故本题选D。句意：计算机夏令营的孩子们沉迷在计算机中，以至于负责人不得不经常
强迫他们停下来活动活动，做做游戏
26 、 单选题
Washington D.C.is named after( ).A ： The U.S.President George Washington
B ： Christopher Columbus
C ： Both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D ： None of them
正确答案： C
解析：
考查美国城市。美国首都，全称“华盛顿哥伦比亚特区”(Washington District of
Columbia)，为纪念乔治.华盛顿(George Washington)和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦
布(Christopher Columbus)而得名。
27 、 单选题
The polices of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and( ).
A ： government intervention
B ： nationalization of enterprises
C ： social reform
D ： a belief in individualism
正确答案： D
解析：
考查英国政党。保守党反对过多的政府干预，支持国有企业私有化和自由企业，信奉实
用主，义和个人主义。
28 、 单选题
The two main islands of the British Isles are( ).
A ： Great Britain and Northern Ireland
B ： Great Britain and Northern Scotland
C ： Great Britain and Southern Wales
D ： Great Britain and Southern England
正确答案： A
解析：
考查英国国家概况。英国的全称为the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland，观察选项可知，A项符合题意。
29 、 单选题
The Parliament of Australia consists of the House of Representatives and( )A ： the House of Commons
B ： the House of Lords
C ： the Senate
D ： the General
正确答案： C
解析：
澳大利亚政治。题目考查澳大利亚议会的组成，答案为the Senate(参议院)。
30 、 单选题
Her mother is one of the representatives of( )feminism.
A ： vital
B ： fundamental
C ： radical
D ： basic
正确答案： C
解析：
考查形容词辨析。A项指“至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的”，B项指“基本的，根
本的”，C项指“激进的；根本的；彻底的”，D项指“基本的；基础的”。将四项代入
句中可知，C项最符合题意。故本题选C。句意：她母亲是激进派女权主义的代表之一。
31 、 单选题
( ) modify the meaning of the stem， but usually do not change the part of speech of
the original word.
A ： Prefixes
B ： Suffixes
C ： Roots
D ： Affixes
正确答案： A
解析：
考查形态学。题干为：以下哪一项会改变词干的意思，但通常不改变原词的词性。A
项Prefixes(前缀)符合；B项Suffixes(后缀)，很容易改变词性，排除；C项Roots(词根)，
排除；D项Affixes(词缀)，过于模糊，排除。
32 、 单选题( )with traditional contexts，the Internet-based learning environment provides new
ways of presenting and obtaining knowledge.
A ： Compared
B ： Comparing
C ： To compare
D ： Compare
正确答案： A
解析：
考查非谓语动词。分析整个题干可知，逗号前的分句为状语，前后又无连词，所以空格
处应填非谓语动词，排除D项。根据句意应是将the Internet-based learning
environment与traditional contexts进行比较，应用被动语态，排除B、C两项。过去分
词表被动，因此compared符合题意。故本题选A。句意：与传统环境相比，互联网学习
环境提供了呈现和获取知识的新方式。
33 、 单选题
The Amendment to the Constitution whichbanned slavery is( ).
A ： the l lth Amendment
B ： the 12th Amendment
C ： the 13th Amendment
D ： the 14th Amendment
正确答案： C
解析：
美国历史。题目询问美国宪法的第几条修正案废除了奴隶制。在美国内战结束后，1865
年12月通过的宪法第13条修正案宣布在全国范围内废除奴隶制。
34 、 单选题
The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher ( )
A ： Paul Revere
B ： John Locke
C ： omwallis
D ： Frederick Douglass
正确答案： B
解析：
美国历史。考查《独立宣言》源自于哪位英国哲学家的思想。约翰·洛克(John
Locke，1632-1704)是英国著名的哲学家和政治学家。《政府论》(Two Treatises of
Government)是他的代表作，上篇主要批评君权神授理论，下篇主要从自然权利和社会契约理论出发，论述了政府的起源、范围和目的。洛克在《政府论》中提出：“人类天
生都是自由、平等和独立的，如未得到本人的同意，不能把任何人置于这种状态之外，
使其受制于另一个人的政治权力……他们的政治社会都起源于资源的结合和人民自由地
选择他们的统治者和政府形式的相互协议。”《独立宣言》继承并发展了洛克的天赋人
权学说，认为人人生而平等，“生命、自由和追求幸福的权利”是大自然所赋予的，不
可剥夺。
35 、 单选题
Sydney is the capital city of ( ) .
A ： New South Wales
B ： Queensland
C ： South Australia
D ： Tasmania
正确答案： A
解析：
澳大利亚地理。考查新南威尔士州的首府。
36 、 单选题
The“three arms of government” of Australia refers to the Parliament，the
Executive Government and( )
A ： the Judiciary
B ： the High Court
C ： the Defense Force
D ： the Air Force
正确答案： A
解析：
考查澳大利亚国家概况。澳大利亚政府的“三权分立”指的是司法、立法和行政三权分
立。故A项the Judiciary (司法)符合题意。其余三项，B项the High Court (高等法院)，C
项the Defense Force(国防力量)和D项the Air Force(空军)均不符合。
37 、 单选题
The vowel ( ) is a low back vowel.
A ： /i：/
B ： /u/
C ： /a：/
D ： /e/正确答案： C
解析：
考查语音学。/a：/是低元音，后元音和紧音。
38 、 单选题
( )is the dividing line between the South and North of America.
A ： The Hudson River
B ： The Potomac River
C ： The Ohio River
D ： The Missouri River
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国的地理区划。阿巴拉契亚山脉位于大西洋沿岸平原西侧，基本与海岸平行，长
约2 300多千米，一般海拔1 000～1 500米，由几条平行山脉组成。内地平原呈倒三角形，
北起漫长的美国与加拿大边界，南达大西洋沿岸平原的格兰德河一带。西部山系由西部
两条山脉组成，东边为阿巴拉契亚山脉，西边为内华达山脉和喀斯喀特山脉。西部山间
高原由科罗拉多高原、怀俄明高原、哥伦比亚高原与大峡谷组成，为美国西部地质构造
最复杂的地区。美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。因此A、B、
C三项不符合题意。
39 、 单选题
The direct cause for the Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to( )
A ： divorce his wife
B ： break with Rome
C ： support the Protestants
D ： declare his supreme power over the church
正确答案： A
解析：
考查英国历史。亨利八世改革的直接原因是想与阿拉贡的凯瑟琳离婚，因为她没有生下
男嗣。改革的目的是使英国教会与教皇脱离联系，成立独立的英格兰教会。
40 、 单选题
Firth insisted that the object of linguistics is ( )
A ： language itself
B ： language in actual useC ： language variation
D ： language skills
正确答案： B
解析：
语言学家及其代表理论。Firth是伦敦学派的代表人物，他认为语言学研究的对象应该是
实际使用中的语言。
41 、 单选题
According to the maxim of ( ) suggested by Grice， one should speak truthfully.
A ： quality
B ： manner
C ： relation
D ： quantity
正确答案： A
解析：
考查会话原则。质量准则规定所说的话力要求真实，不要说自知为虚假的话，不要说缺
乏足够证据的话。
42 、 单选题
The Commonwealth of Australia was established in( )
A ： 1875
B ： 1862
C ： 1900
D ： 1901
正确答案： D
解析：
考查澳大利亚国家概况。澳大利亚联邦成立于1901年。
43 、 单选题
The old man has developed a( )headache which cannot be cured in a short time.
A ： perpetual
B ： permanent
C ： chronic
D ： sustained正确答案： C
解析：
考查形容词辨析。这位老人患了慢性头痛病，短期内无法治愈。
44 、 单选题
An allophone refers to any of the different forms of a ( ).
A ： phoneme
B ： morpheme
C ： word
D ： root
正确答案： A
解析：
45 、 单选题
Quebec province in Canada has a strong( ) culture.
A ： British
B ： German
C ： French
D ： Italian
正确答案： C
解析：
加拿大文化。考查加拿大Quebec(魁北克省)具有什么样的文化特色。该省具有深厚的法
国文化传统。
46 、 单选题
The passengers in missing airplane were( )dead after several months of search.
A ： rectified
B ： testified
C ： certified
D ： verified
正确答案： C
解析：
考查动词辨析。经过几个月的搜寻，失踪飞机上的乘客被证实已死亡。47 、 单选题
Which American university is with the longest history？
A ： Yale
B ： Oxford
C ： Harvard
D ： Stanford
正确答案： C
解析：
美国文化。题目问美国哪所大学历史最悠久，答案是Harvard(哈佛大学)，创建于1636年。
Yale(耶鲁大学)创建于1701年；Oxford(牛津大学)在英国，创建于1167年；Stanford(斯
坦福大学)创建于1891年。
48 、 单选题
Mike was one of my( )customers.
A ： normal
B ： regular
C ： ordinary
D ： usual
正确答案： B
解析：
考查形容词辨析。迈克是我的老顾客之一。
49 、 单选题
In which day is Halloween celebrated？( )
A ： 5 November
B ： 31 October
C ： 17 March
D ： 25 December
正确答案： B
解析：
考查美国文化。万圣节是诸圣节(All Saints’ Day )的俗称，本是天主教等基督宗教的宗
教节日，时间为11月1日。天主教把诸圣节定为弥撒日，每到这一天，除非有不可抗拒
的理由，否则所有信徒都要到教堂参加弥撒，缅怀已逝并升人天国的所有圣人，特别是那些天主教历史上的著名圣人。在中文里，常常把万圣节前夜(Hlloween )讹译为万圣
节(All Saints’ Day)。为庆祝万圣节的来临，小孩会装扮成各种可爱的鬼怪逐家逐户地
敲门，要求获得糖果，否则就会捣蛋。而同时传说这一晚，各种鬼怪也会装扮成小孩混
人群众之中一起庆祝万圣节的来临，而人类为了让鬼怪更融洽才装扮成各种鬼怪。
50 、 单选题
John is reading an interesting book on evolution theory which was written by Charles
Darwin，who was a British naturalist who developed a theory of evolution based on
natural selection.What design feature of language is reflected in the example？( )
A ： Creativity
B ： Arbitrariness
C ： Displacement
D ： uality
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语言的识别性特征。语言使用者能够以有限的语言规则为基础说出和理解无限的句
子，属于语言的“创造性”特征。
51 、 单选题
Theodore Dreiser ′s works include the following EXCEPT ( )
A ： n American Tragedy
B ： Trilogy of Desire
C ： Sister Carrie
D ： The Adventures of Hucklebery Finn
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是马克·吐温的作品。《美国悲剧》
和《嘉莉妹妹》是西奥多·德莱塞的作品，他的欲望三部曲分别是：The Financier 《金
融家》，The Titan 《巨头》和The Stoic《斯多葛》。
52 、 单选题
My( )your proposal speaks volumes for my will.
A ： consent to
B ： consent with
C ： hatred of
D ： admission of正确答案： A
解析：
考查形容词+介词词组。A项指“对……的赞同”，B项无此搭配，C项指“对……的憎
恶”，D项指“承认”。将四个选项代入句中可知，A项符合句意。故本题选A。句意：
我对你提案的认可证明了我的友善。
53 、 单选题
Of the following books，( )is Not written by Thomas Hardy.
A ： Tess of the d′Urbervilles
B ： Far from the Madding Crowd
C ： Jude the Obscure
D ： Break， Break， Break
正确答案： D
解析：
考查英国作家及其代表作。Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代)的代表作为Tess of the
d′Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》，Far from the Madding Crowd《远离尘嚣》和Jude the
Obscure《无名的裘德》，因此A、B、C三项正确。Break， Break， Break《拍岸曲》
是Alfred Tennyson(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生)的抒情诗。
54 、 单选题
Of the following writers，( )is NOT included in the group of naturalists.
A ： Stephen Crane
B ： Frank Norris
C ： Theodore Dreiser
D ： Herman Melville
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国文学流派及其代表人物。A、B、C三项中的人物均是自然主义者，D项梅尔维
尔是美国浪漫主义时期的小说家，代表作品是Moby Dick《白鲸》。
55 、 单选题
The Canterbury Tales was written by( ).
A ： lfred the Great
B ： Thomas Malory
C ： Geoffrey ChaucerD ： Edmund Spencer
正确答案： C
解析：
英国文学之作家作品。考查The Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》)的作者。
56 、 单选题
The unique island( )of Hainan attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year.
A ： scenery
B ： sight
C ： scene
D ： landscape
正确答案： A
解析：
考查名词辨析。海南岛独特的景色每年吸引成千上万的游客。
57 、 单选题
The two main islands of the British Isles are( ).
A ： Great Britain and Northern Ireland
B ： Great Britain and Northern Scotland
C ： Great Britain and Southern Wales
D ： Great Britain and Southern England
正确答案： A
解析：
考查英国国家概况。英国的全称为the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland，观察选项可知，A项符合题意。
58 、 单选题
Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities
throughout the UnitedStates，( )when massive highway-building programs permitted
greater suburban growth.
A ： and accelerated a phenomenon
B ： a phenomenon that accelerated
C ： accelerating a phenomenon which
D ： the acceleration of which phenomenon正确答案： B
解析：
考查同位语结构。a phenomenon是the decentralization of cities throughout the
United States的同位语。A项中and为连词，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，
故错误。C项语序混乱，which后不能接when引导的时间状语从句。D项中of which作介
词宾语，后面应该接一个完整的句子，但只有phenomenon 一个主语，句子不完整，因
此错误。故本题选B。句意：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模
高速公路建设项目促进了郊区的发展时，这种现象就更明显了。
59 、 单选题
In the Canadian parliamentary system，( )holds the highest position.
A ： The British Crown
B ： The President
C ： The Governor General
D ： The Prime Minister
正确答案： C
解析：
考查加拿大政治。加拿大国会最高职位是总督。
60 、 单选题
Although the teacher has explained to us，the meaning of the article is still( )to me.
A ： faint
B ： obscure
C ： ambiguous
D ： vague
正确答案： C
解析：
考 查形容词辨析。虽然老师已经向我们解释过了，但这篇文章的意思对我来说仍然模糊
不清。
61 、 不定项选择题
“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”
Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly
maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance
claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast and
complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more peopleare indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be
in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss.
New work, at less pay, often is.
Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are
overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small
wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely
expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t
fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow
growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since
few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many
more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced
with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or
more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector
jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now
unemployment isn’t, either.
Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the
new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in
many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs
concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” industries, whose
ups and downs track the economy most closely.
As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts
predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker
peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group
of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help
produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcry becomes will depend partly on
the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak
outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically
dynamite”.
According to the passage, under the great pressure of life, many women _____.
A ： will do a part-time job along with the full-time job
B ： would rather stay at home than apply for a part-time position
C ： would be fired if they can not finish the job quickly
D ： will agree to have their working hours shortened if required
正确答案： A
解析：
由文章第二段倒数第二句，“thousands of women…work in service-sector jobs”，可
知现在的女性会做两份或两份以上的兼职来生存下去。所以，在正常工作之余她们还要
去做更多的工作。A选项正是此意。B，C，D选项无关。
62 、 不定项选择题
Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today
by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to
encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom fromreception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how
Shakespearian characters like Puck in?A Midsummer Night’s Dream?are “jolly
characters” and how to write about them.
At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach
Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts
drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions” and “myths, legends and
traditional stories”.
However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation
of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very
young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,” said Mary Johnson, head of the
learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even
reception classes and key stage one pupils (five-to-seven-year-olds) can enjoy his
stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that
age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start
writing about him at that age.”
It is the RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary
school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching
Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from
the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for
14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time
to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.
However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of
the plays—a classroom version of the?Reduced Shakespeare Company’s Complete
Works of Shakespeare (Abridged)?which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to give
pupils a flavour of the whole drama.
The RSC’s venture coincides with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more
creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of
the University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare Institute - also based in
Stratford—said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right
answer” to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of
Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists
this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works—although she admits: “I
probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now.
What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of
Shakespeare,” she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I
know it’s difficult but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I can
agree with about Shakespeare.”
What is this passage mainly concerned with?
A ： How to give pupils a flavor of Shakespeare drama.
B ： The fun of reading Shakespeare.
C ： RSC project will teach children how to write on Shakespeare.
D ： RSC project will help four-year-old children find the fun in Shakespeare.
正确答案： A
解析：
主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章都在讲RSC如何让孩子们更好学习莎士比亚作品的事，A项
表述更全面。C，D只是其中一部分内容，不具有概括性。63 、 不定项选择题
“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”
Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly
maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance
claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast and
complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people
are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be
in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss.
New work, at less pay, often is.
Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are
overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small
wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely
expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t
fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow
growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since
few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many
more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced
with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or
more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector
jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now
unemployment isn’t, either.
Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the
new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in
many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs
concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” industries, whose
ups and downs track the economy most closely.
As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts
predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker
peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group
of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help
produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcry becomes will depend partly on
the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak
outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically
dynamite”.
What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A ： Blue-collar workers are given less and less wages in recent years.
B ： The unemployment problem may lead to serious social problems.
C ： The unemployment problem will probably become less serious in no time.
D ： The government will create more jobs with better pay in the near future.
正确答案： B
解析：
由本文最后一段最后一句话，“But in the long run…psychologically dynamite”，可
知，从长期来看，这种失业现象必然会导致政治上，经济上和心理上的危险。因此可推测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项无关。
64 、 不定项选择题
“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”
Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly
maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance
claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast and
complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people
are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be
in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss.
New work, at less pay, often is.
Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are
overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small
wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely
expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t
fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow
growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since
few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many
more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced
with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or
more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector
jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now
unemployment isn’t, either.
Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the
new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in
many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs
concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” industries, whose
ups and downs track the economy most closely.
As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts
predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker
peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group
of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help
produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcry becomes will depend partly on
the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak
outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically
dynamite”.
The present downturn is similar to traditional ones in that _____.
A ： we can never predict which way the economy will head
B ： the economic prospects have been unfavorable for 10 years
C ： the government has done relatively little to intervene the market
D ： physical laborers are the chief victims of the economic decline
正确答案： D
解析：
由文章第三段最后一句话，“Yet, in many respects…track the economy mostclosely.”，可知，新形式的失业在某些方面也同旧形式的失业类似，新产生的下岗工人
多数都是蓝领工人，因为这些行业与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选项正是此
意。A，B，C选项无关。
65 、 不定项选择题
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues,
Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American
literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed
that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and
that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western
European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded by this decree,
linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular folk material in the
oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after.
It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves—as
distinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them
acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862
northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative
melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the
Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary
Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable
Saint George’s Episcopal Church, had published Jubilee Songs of the United States,
with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner of
an art song.” Clearly, the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote
racial acceptance and integration only on the condition that it became Europeanized.
Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American
art, Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his
writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature. Most of his folk
poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition: they contain
many instances of naming and enumeration, considerable hyperbole and
understatement, and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming. There is a deceptive
veil of artlessness in these poems. Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu
and impressionistic writer of poetry. His, he insisted, was not an artfully constructed
poetry. Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his
poetry was carefully and artfully crafted. In his folk poetry we find features common
to all folk literature, such as dramatic ellipsis, narrative compression, rhythmic
repetition, and monosyllabic emphasis. The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we
find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry. Together, these
aspects, of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the
techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the
linguistic and thematic range of African American literature.
The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of
the following statements about the requirement that Black writers employ Western
European literary techniques?
A ： The requirement was imposed more for social than for aesthetic reasons.
B ： The requirement was a relatively unimportant aspect of the African American
tradition.
C ： The requirement was the chief reason for Hughes’s success as a writer.D ： The requirement was appropriated for some forms of expression but not for
others.
正确答案： A
解析：
从第一段中“…modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature
must promote racial acceptance and integration, and that, in order to do so, it must
reflect an understanding and mastery of Western European literary techniques and
styles.”可知，黑人作家写作时必须使用西方的文学技巧，完全是为了种族接纳和融合
的原因，是社会而非美学的因素。
66 、 不定项选择题
Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous
system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting
integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on
electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought,
emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments
by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in
the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view.
From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.
There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal
cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals
in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the
nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals
alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin,
taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in
motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen
elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according
to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the
endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands
include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and
glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for
digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into
the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such
key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause
immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously
urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and
affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.
Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can
suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a
child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth
and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The
quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have
given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes ofalleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of
estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to
reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts
caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known
as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent
weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of
heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that
blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and
block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their
enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose
symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting
abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth
hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who
would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just
physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and
family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the
risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement
therapy?
A ： The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so
scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time
in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
B ： A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to
women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and
other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter
middle age.
C ： HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they
could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.
D ： Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such
treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in
stature without it.
正确答案： A
解析：
A选项为文章第四段最后一句话，清楚地表明了科学家研究荷尔蒙是为了减轻由于衰老
带来的各种疾病。B，C，D选项均未说明科学家研究荷尔蒙重置疗法的目的，为无关选
项。
67 、 不定项选择题
Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today
by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to
encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom fromreception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how
Shakespearian characters like Puck in?A Midsummer Night’s Dream?are “jolly
characters” and how to write about them.
At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach
Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts
drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions” and “myths, legends and
traditional stories”.
However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation
of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very
young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,” said Mary Johnson, head of the
learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even
reception classes and key stage one pupils (five-to-seven-year-olds) can enjoy his
stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that
age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start
writing about him at that age.”
It is the RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary
school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching
Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from
the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for
14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time
to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.
However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of
the plays—a classroom version of the?Reduced Shakespeare Company’s Complete
Works of Shakespeare (Abridged)?which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to give
pupils a flavour of the whole drama.
The RSC’s venture coincides with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more
creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of
the University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare Institute - also based in
Stratford—said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right
answer” to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of
Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists
this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works—although she admits: “I
probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now.
What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of
Shakespeare,” she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I
know it’s difficult but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I can
agree with about Shakespeare.”
What’s Puck’s characteristic according to your understanding of the passage?
A ： Rude, rush and impolite.
B ： Happy, interesting and full of fun.
C ： Dull, absurd and ridiculous.
D ： Shrewd, cunning and tricky.
正确答案： B
解析：
细节题。文中第二段第二句提到，这次会议将会让学校的老师知道莎士比亚塑造的人物，
如《第十二夜》中的Puck，都是一些有趣的人物，并让他们知道该如何描述这些人物。可见，文章认为Puck这个人物是有趣的。所以选B项。
68 、 不定项选择题
Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special
view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps
that he himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his
conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his
country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his
personal happiness.
Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their
philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because
of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War
II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of
differences in social and political philosophy.
Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive
fury of earthquakes, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the
mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelly and
kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man’s
place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice?
What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end,
about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He
alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the
worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the
world of ideas and values.
Some of man’s questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call
it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of
our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the
nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation
of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God,
and the meaning of reality.
The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the
same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these
thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have
most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking
and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel
alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may
also illuminate our way.
In the passage, the author implies that _____.
A ： it is not good for people to travel alone
B ： one should explore philosophical problems under the guidance of other
philosophers
C ： one should follow the path of other philosophers
D ： one would study philosophy with others
正确答案： B解析：
本题考查对段落的整体把握与推理。最后一段提到“人类在很早就已经思考过这些问题，
并且思考了很长时间，所以我们应当了解这些思想是什么，古代及现代的人们给出的答
案又是什么。然后我们进行自己的思考找到自己的答案，但是没必要自己独立寻找答案。
”A，C，D虽然本身正确，不应该travel alone但还要自己进行思考，从而得出自己的观
点，都只是其中一方面，只有B最全面。
69 、 不定项选择题
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues,
Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American
literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed
that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and
that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western
European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded by this decree,
linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular folk material in the
oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after.
It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves—as
distinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them
acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862
northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative
melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the
Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary
Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable
Saint George’s Episcopal Church, had published Jubilee Songs of the United States,
with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner of
an art song.” Clearly, the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote
racial acceptance and integration only on the condition that it became Europeanized.
Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American
art, Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his
writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature. Most of his folk
poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition: they contain
many instances of naming and enumeration, considerable hyperbole and
understatement, and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming. There is a deceptive
veil of artlessness in these poems. Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu
and impressionistic writer of poetry. His, he insisted, was not an artfully constructed
poetry. Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his
poetry was carefully and artfully crafted. In his folk poetry we find features common
to all folk literature, such as dramatic ellipsis, narrative compression, rhythmic
repetition, and monosyllabic emphasis. The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we
find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry. Together, these
aspects, of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the
techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the
linguistic and thematic range of African American literature.
The author mentions which one of the following as an example of the influence of
Black folk culture on Hughes’s poetry?
A ： his exploitation of ambiguous and deceptive meanings
B ： his strong religious beliefsC ： his use of naming and enumeration
D ： his use of first-person narrative
正确答案： C
解析：
关于黑人文化对休斯诗歌的影响，作者举了休斯使用名字和列举的这个例子。从第二段
第二句“Most of his folk poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral
tradition: they contain many instances of naming and enumeration…”中可知答案
为C。
70 、 不定项选择题
Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially
those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their
colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory
tower, as university administrators make up to the commercial potential of academic
research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers
surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from
patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools
like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to
corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical
“dot. edu” model, free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests.
Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be
spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational
and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are
already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and
architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals.
Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and
seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice president Michael
Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students
willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of
what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the
project. Columbia also is anxious not be beaten by some of the other for-profit
“knowledge sites,” such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this
space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the
researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same
way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is
a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who
doesn’t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable
fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
“If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts,
the authority of the university could be diminished,” worries Herve Varenne, a
cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner:
“we would never compromise the integrity of the university.” Whether the new site
can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing isclear. It’s going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between
profit and purity.
Which of the following will those worrying about the trend support?
A ： Professors working in profitable fields are less reliable.
B ： More support should be given to musty areas other than profit-generating ones.
C ： Professors in technology-related fields should earn more than their counterparts
do in industry.
D ： People working in pharmaceutical and high-tech companies should earn the
biggest money.
正确答案： B
解析：
推断题。文章第四段讲到了一些人的担心，其中提到他们担心“相对于mustya reas而言，
学校会不会更支持那些profitable fields的项目呢？”由此我们可推知，在他们看来学校
应多支持musty areas。故选项B正确。
71 、 不定项选择题
Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today
by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to
encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom from
reception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how
Shakespearian characters like Puck in?A Midsummer Night’s Dream?are “jolly
characters” and how to write about them.
At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach
Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts
drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions” and “myths, legends and
traditional stories”.
However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation
of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very
young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,” said Mary Johnson, head of the
learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even
reception classes and key stage one pupils (five-to-seven-year-olds) can enjoy his
stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that
age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start
writing about him at that age.”
It is the RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary
school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching
Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from
the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for
14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time
to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.
However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of
the plays—a classroom version of the?Reduced Shakespeare Company’s Complete
Works of Shakespeare (Abridged)?which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to givepupils a flavour of the whole drama.
The RSC’s venture coincides with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more
creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of
the University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare Institute - also based in
Stratford—said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right
answer” to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of
Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists
this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works—although she admits: “I
probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now.
What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of
Shakespeare,” she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I
know it’s difficult but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I can
agree with about Shakespeare.”
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A ： The RSC insists on teaching Shakespeare from the secondary school.
B ： Pupils should study “texts drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions”
required by the national curriculum.
C ： The national curriculum does not require pupils to approach Shakespeare until
secondary school now.
D ： RSC believes children will gain a better appreciation of Shakespeare if they are
introduced to him at a much younger age.
正确答案： A
解析：
第四段第一句提到，RSC的教育家们认为如果在孩子们还很小的时就让他们了解莎士比
亚，他们会对莎士比亚的作品有更好的理解。可见，RSC是赞成早点教孩子们莎士比亚
的作品的，而不是等孩子们到了初中才开始接触，所以A项的表述是错误的。
72 、 不定项选择题
Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially
those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their
colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory
tower, as university administrators make up to the commercial potential of academic
research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers
surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from
patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools
like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to
corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical
“dot. edu” model, free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests.
Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be
spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational
and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are
already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction andarchitecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals.
Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and
seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice president Michael
Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students
willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of
what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the
project. Columbia also is anxious not be beaten by some of the other for-profit
“knowledge sites,” such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this
space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the
researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same
way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is
a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who
doesn’t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable
fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
“If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts,
the authority of the university could be diminished,” worries Herve Varenne, a
cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner:
“we would never compromise the integrity of the university.” Whether the new site
can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is
clear. It’s going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between
profit and purity.
In the past, professors _____.
A ： could earn as much as doctors
B ： were able to earn more than engineers
C ： were not good at earning money
D ： did not intend to earn money easily
正确答案： D
解析：
细节题。从文中第一段第一句“Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast
fortune”可知，进入学术界的人没有想一夜发财的，在一些技术领域，收入要比在企业
界的相同行业少。因此D项符合题意。
73 、 不定项选择题
Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special
view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps
that he himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his
conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his
country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his
personal happiness.
Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their
philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because
of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War
II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature ofdifferences in social and political philosophy.
Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive
fury of earthquakes, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the
mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelly and
kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man’s
place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice?
What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end,
about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He
alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the
worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the
world of ideas and values.
Some of man’s questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call
it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of
our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the
nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation
of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God,
and the meaning of reality.
The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the
same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these
thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have
most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking
and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel
alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may
also illuminate our way.
According to Plato, philosophy originated from _____.
A ： what we don’t know
B ： some miracles
C ： the question on what man is
D ： moral values
正确答案： A
解析：
本题考查判断推理。第三段第一句“Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder.”在
柏拉图看来哲学起于迷惑不解。wonder有“迷惑，诧异”的意思。通过下文举得让人思
考的例子也可看出哲学起源于我们不知道的东西。故选A。
74 、 不定项选择题
Some believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment and
conformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the
window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for
innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardization of
modern life, there is an unabated appetite for great ideas, visionary thinking and
inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues,
we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one.
Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, I’veseen a big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly
any support for inventors, apart from the national organization the Institute of
Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors’ clubs popping up
all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally and growing. These non-profit
clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again
interested in invention.
I’ve been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and I’ve written a
motor mandrel. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME ear, learning to
put it together. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making
go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve
problems. We weren’t just sitting at a PlayStation, like many kids do today.
But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. There’s a lot more internl in
design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media.
It’s evident with TV programmes such as Channe14’s?Scrapheap Challenge?or
BBC2’s?The Apprentice and Dragon’s Den, where people are given a task to solve
or face the challenge of selling their idea to a panel.
And. thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in
the garden shed is long gone—although, there are still a few exceptions!
That’s not to say there aren’t problems. With the decline in manufacturing we
are losing the ability to know how to make things. There’s a real skills gap
developing. In my opinion, the Government does little or nothing to help innovation
at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more
money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite
everything, if you have a good idea and real determination, you can still do very well.
My own specialist area is packaging closures—almost every product needs it. I
got the idea for Squeezeopen after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my
mother complained she couldn’t get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper,
better, and you are 100 percent committed, there is a chance it will be a success.
I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People
don’t realise how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the time and
the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-offs.
Innovation doesn’t have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding
the right solution to a problem, whatever it is. There’s a lot of talent out there and,
thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realizing they
don’t want to miss out—it’s an exciting time.
Which of the following is the suggestion of the interviewer to the problem?
A ： The government should spend more money helping innovation.
B ： The kids should cultivate their love of science and invention.
C ： More inventors’ clubs should be set up.
D ： Invention courses are necessary to children.
正确答案： A
解析：
第六段倒数第二局提到“I would love to see more money spent on teaching our
school kids how to be inventive.”可见，这个人期望政府在教育孩子创新发明方面加大
投资，所以选A。75 、 不定项选择题
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that
encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the
mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the
status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the
development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been
obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas
and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that
feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.
American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual
theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was
already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that
cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York,
in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of
nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical
focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of
social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.
The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied
than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts.
By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely
absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European
historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist
ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later
feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on
an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with
the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male,
to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity
reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there
were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an
equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on
gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born
similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to
socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought,
however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual
equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
The author’s attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-
Simonians is primarily one of _____.
A ： approval of the specific focus of their research
B ： disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the
Saint-Simonians’ energy after 1832
C ： approval of their general focus on social conditions
D ： disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and
their American counterparts正确答案： D
解析：
此题可用排除法。答案应定位在文章第二段。从第二段可以看出，作者对欧洲的历史学
家持否定态度，则A，C错。B选项中after 1832的时间段错误，应为before 1832，所以
也排除，则得到D选项为正确选项。同时，也可由此段最后一句话直接得出D选项。
76 、 不定项选择题
Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special
view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps
that he himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his
conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his
country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his
personal happiness.
Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their
philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because
of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War
II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of
differences in social and political philosophy.
Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive
fury of earthquakes, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the
mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelly and
kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man’s
place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice?
What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end,
about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He
alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the
worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the
world of ideas and values.
Some of man’s questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call
it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of
our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the
nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation
of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God,
and the meaning of reality.
The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the
same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these
thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have
most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking
and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel
alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may
also illuminate our way.
What is called science or art, according to the author?
A ： the deficit answers of some of man’s questions
B ： Man’s thoughts
C ： all of man’s questionsD ： the meaning of reality
正确答案： A
解析：
由第四段第二句“Where the answer is clear, we call it science or art and move on to
higher ground and a new vista of the world.”可知答案清楚地，我们就称之为科学或
艺术。故选A。
77 、 不定项选择题
Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially
those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their
colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory
tower, as university administrators make up to the commercial potential of academic
research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers
surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from
patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools
like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to
corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical
“dot. edu” model, free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests.
Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be
spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational
and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are
already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and
architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals.
Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and
seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice president Michael
Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students
willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of
what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the
project. Columbia also is anxious not be beaten by some of the other for-profit
“knowledge sites,” such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this
space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the
researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same
way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is
a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who
doesn’t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable
fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
“If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts,
the authority of the university could be diminished,” worries Herve Varenne, a
cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner:
“we would never compromise the integrity of the university.” Whether the new site
can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is
clear. It’s going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between
profit and purity.What worries Michael Crow most is _____.
A ： that they’ll not beat other educational “knowledge sites”
B ： that the spun-off company will remain independent
C ： that their educational resource will be tapped into
D ： that their faculty’s brains will be picked by their competitors
正确答案： D
解析：
细节题。从文中第三段中的“Columbia also is anxious not be beaten by some of the
other for-profit ‘knowledge sites’”可知，哥伦比亚大学担心被其他提供知识的收费
网站打垮，害怕学校教师的劳动成果被窃取，故D项符合题意。
78 、 不定项选择题
Some believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment and
conformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the
window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for
innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardization of
modern life, there is an unabated appetite for great ideas, visionary thinking and
inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues,
we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one.
Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, I’ve
seen a big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly
any support for inventors, apart from the national organization the Institute of
Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors’ clubs popping up
all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally and growing. These non-profit
clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again
interested in invention.
I’ve been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and I’ve written a
motor mandrel. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME ear, learning to
put it together. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making
go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve
problems. We weren’t just sitting at a PlayStation, like many kids do today.
But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. There’s a lot more internl in
design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media.
It’s evident with TV programmes such as Channe14’s?Scrapheap Challenge?or
BBC2’s?The Apprentice and Dragon’s Den, where people are given a task to solve
or face the challenge of selling their idea to a panel.
And. thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in
the garden shed is long gone—although, there are still a few exceptions!
That’s not to say there aren’t problems. With the decline in manufacturing we
are losing the ability to know how to make things. There’s a real skills gap
developing. In my opinion, the Government does little or nothing to help innovation
at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more
money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite
everything, if you have a good idea and real determination, you can still do very well.
My own specialist area is packaging closures—almost every product needs it. Igot the idea for Squeezeopen after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my
mother complained she couldn’t get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper,
better, and you are 100 percent committed, there is a chance it will be a success.
I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People
don’t realise how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the time and
the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-offs.
Innovation doesn’t have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding
the right solution to a problem, whatever it is. There’s a lot of talent out there and,
thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realizing they
don’t want to miss out—it’s an exciting time.
According to the opinion of the interviewer _____.
A ： the future for invention depends
B ： there is still a future for invention and inspiration
C ： there is no future for invention and inspiration in modern society
D ： the future for invention and inspiration is unclear
正确答案： B
解析：
第二段最后一句提到“These non-profit clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an
indication that people are once again interested in invention.”，这个人认为那些小型
非盈利性质的俱乐部正暗示出人们又一次地对创新发明燃起兴趣。可见，其认为发明创
新还是仍有发展空间的。所以选B。
79 、 不定项选择题
Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous
system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting
integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on
electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought,
emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments
by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in
the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view.
From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.
There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal
cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals
in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the
nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals
alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin,
taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in
motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen
elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according
to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the
endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands
include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs andglands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for
digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into
the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such
key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause
immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously
urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and
affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.
Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can
suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a
child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth
and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The
quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have
given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of
alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of
estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to
reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts
caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known
as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent
weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of
heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that
blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and
block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their
enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose
symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting
abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth
hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who
would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just
physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and
family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the
risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the
highlighted sentence in the passage?
A ： Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced
by the production of hormones in the body.
B ： ecause the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain
unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.
C ： When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be
necessary to avoid psychological damage.
D ： The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect
both people’s psychology and actions extensively.
正确答案： D
解析：
原文高亮处的意思是：最普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的，但是却很深远而且难以追踪：他们可以改变情绪，影响人类的行为，甚至会影响通常看来是自发的那些行为。A
选项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上，但文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙及其作用，因
此A选项错误。B选项中提到的科学家现在还不肯定荷尔蒙的影响的深远程度属于无关信
息。C选项中的urgent treatment属于无关信息。D选项的意思是：荷尔蒙的影响难以衡
量，但是它们可以影响人类的心理和行动。正确。
80 、 不定项选择题
Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special
view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps
that he himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his
conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his
country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his
personal happiness.
Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their
philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because
of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War
II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of
differences in social and political philosophy.
Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive
fury of earthquakes, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the
mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelly and
kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man’s
place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice?
What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end,
about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He
alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the
worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the
world of ideas and values.
Some of man’s questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call
it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of
our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the
nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation
of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God,
and the meaning of reality.
The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the
same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these
thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have
most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking
and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel
alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may
also illuminate our way.
According to the author, we can trace the root of war in _____.
A ： the power struggle
B ： the military competition
C ： the conflict of ideas
D ： the racial contradiction正确答案： C
解析：
本题考查判断推理。第二段提到“Wars are waged and revolutions incited because of
the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics.”，由此可知战争革命是因为意识形
态的冲突和观点的不同。故选C。
81 、 不定项选择题
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that
encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the
mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the
status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the
development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been
obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas
and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that
feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.
American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual
theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was
already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that
cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York,
in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of
nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical
focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of
social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.
The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied
than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts.
By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely
absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European
historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist
ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later
feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on
an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with
the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male,
to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity
reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there
were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an
equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on
gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born
similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to
socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought,
however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual
equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Fallsconference on women’s rights?
A ： It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist
thought.
B ： It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad.
C ： It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.
D ： It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and
feminism
正确答案： D
解析：
由文章第一段倒数第二句可知，在欧洲意识形态，包括乌托邦社会主义思想的影响之下，
美国女权主义开始普及，而1848年召开的Seneca Falls Conference则使这一运动达到了
顶峰。因此这次会议便成为女权运动发展的一个典型体现。D选项正是此意。
82 、 不定项选择题
Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous
system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting
integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on
electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought,
emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments
by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in
the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view.
From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.
There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal
cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals
in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the
nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals
alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin,
taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in
motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen
elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according
to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the
endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands
include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and
glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for
digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into
the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such
key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause
immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously
urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and
affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.
Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can
suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward achild. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth
and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The
quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have
given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of
alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of
estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to
reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts
caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known
as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent
weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of
heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that
blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and
block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their
enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose
symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting
abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth
hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who
would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just
physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and
family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the
risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?
A ： dults of smaller statue than normal
B ： Adults with strong digestive systems
C ： hildren who are not at risk from the treatment
D ： Children who may remain abnormally small
正确答案： D
解析：
由文章最后一段第二句“Because of…stature without it”，可知，成长荷尔蒙疗法必
须限制在幼小的儿童身上。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项均为无关选项。
83 、 不定项选择题
Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous
system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting
integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on
electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought,
emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments
by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in
the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view.
From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.
There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal
cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicalsin a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the
nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals
alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin,
taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in
motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen
elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according
to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the
endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands
include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and
glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for
digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into
the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such
key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause
immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously
urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and
affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.
Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can
suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a
child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth
and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The
quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have
given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of
alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of
estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to
reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts
caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known
as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent
weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of
heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that
blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and
block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their
enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose
symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting
abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth
hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who
would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just
physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and
family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the
risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to _____.
A ： whether scientists understand their function
B ： how frequently they release hormones into the body
C ： whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process
D ： whether they secrete chemicals into the blood正确答案： D
解析：
此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第三段。A选项中提到的scientists, function在第三段中
都从未出现过，所以为无关选项，排除。B选项中提到frequently，而分泌荷尔蒙的频率
在此段中也未提到，排除。C选项中的aging process在此段中也没有出现，排除。因此，
此题应选D选项。
84 、 不定项选择题
Some believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment and
conformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the
window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for
innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardization of
modern life, there is an unabated appetite for great ideas, visionary thinking and
inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues,
we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one.
Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, I’ve
seen a big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly
any support for inventors, apart from the national organization the Institute of
Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors’ clubs popping up
all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally and growing. These non-profit
clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again
interested in invention.
I’ve been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and I’ve written a
motor mandrel. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME ear, learning to
put it together. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making
go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve
problems. We weren’t just sitting at a PlayStation, like many kids do today.
But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. There’s a lot more internl in
design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media.
It’s evident with TV programmes such as Channe14’s?Scrapheap Challenge?or
BBC2’s?The Apprentice and Dragon’s Den, where people are given a task to solve
or face the challenge of selling their idea to a panel.
And. thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in
the garden shed is long gone—although, there are still a few exceptions!
That’s not to say there aren’t problems. With the decline in manufacturing we
are losing the ability to know how to make things. There’s a real skills gap
developing. In my opinion, the Government does little or nothing to help innovation
at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more
money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite
everything, if you have a good idea and real determination, you can still do very well.
My own specialist area is packaging closures—almost every product needs it. I
got the idea for Squeezeopen after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my
mother complained she couldn’t get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper,
better, and you are 100 percent committed, there is a chance it will be a success.
I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People
don’t realise how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the time and
the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-offs.Innovation doesn’t have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding
the right solution to a problem, whatever it is. There’s a lot of talent out there and,
thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realizing they
don’t want to miss out—it’s an exciting time.
Which of the following is NOT true about the kids in the sixties?
A ： Out doing things, making go-karts.
B ： Riding bicycle and exploring.
C ： Sitting before computers to play games.
D ： Like to overcome challenges and solve problems.
正确答案： C
解析：
第三段第三句提到“Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing
things,?making go-karts,?riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to
overcome?challenges and solve problems.”可见，A，B，D都有说到，所以选C项。
85 、 不定项选择题
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that
encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the
mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the
status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the
development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been
obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas
and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that
feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.
American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual
theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was
already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that
cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York,
in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of
nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical
focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of
social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.
The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied
than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts.
By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely
absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European
historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist
ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later
feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on
an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with
the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male,to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity
reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there
were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an
equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on
gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born
similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to
socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought,
however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual
equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early
feminists in the Unrated States as “solitary” to be _____.
A ： insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century
American feminist thought
B ： overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period
before 1848
C ： not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scope
D ： insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls
conference
正确答案： A
解析：
由文章第一段第三句“they failed to…development of feminism.”，可知，美国的女
权运动事实上并不是独立的，而是与当时欧洲的意识形态相关联的。因此，A选项中说
这些历史学家对美国女权主义的国际起源不了解，正确。B选项中说过于关心也属于无
关选项。C选项中说不能够细致到地理差异上的问题，正好与原文表达的意思相反。D选
项是没有足够地意识到Seneca Falls Conference对女权主义意识形态上的影响，而这次
会议是美国女权运动的一部分，而不属于欧洲意识形态变化的运动，因此错误。
86 、 不定项选择题
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that
encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the
mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the
status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the
development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been
obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas
and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that
feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.
American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual
theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was
already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that
cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York,
in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of
nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographicalfocus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of
social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.
The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied
than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts.
By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely
absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European
historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist
ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later
feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on
an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with
the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male,
to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity
reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there
were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an
equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on
gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born
similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to
socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought,
however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual
equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-
Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study
_____.
A ： would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced
American feminism
B ： would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the
Utopian socialism of early American feminists
C ： would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought
before 1832
D ： promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the
Seneca Falls conference of 1848
正确答案： A
解析：
由文章第二段可知，女权主义是Saint-Simonianism乌托邦社会主义的一个重要部分，因
此它成为了影响美国女权主义运动的意识形态上的最重要的来源，要研究女权主义，则
必须对Saint-Simonianism乌托邦社会主义有很好的研究。由此推断A选项正确。B选项
说的是美国女权运动中的乌托邦社会主义，这点信息在文中并未提到。C，D选项都涉及
到了具体的细节，不属于推断。
87 、 不定项选择题
Some believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment andconformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the
window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for
innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardization of
modern life, there is an unabated appetite for great ideas, visionary thinking and
inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues,
we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one.
Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, I’ve
seen a big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly
any support for inventors, apart from the national organization the Institute of
Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors’ clubs popping up
all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally and growing. These non-profit
clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again
interested in invention.
I’ve been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and I’ve written a
motor mandrel. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME ear, learning to
put it together. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making
go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve
problems. We weren’t just sitting at a PlayStation, like many kids do today.
But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. There’s a lot more internl in
design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media.
It’s evident with TV programmes such as Channe14’s?Scrapheap Challenge?or
BBC2’s?The Apprentice and Dragon’s Den, where people are given a task to solve
or face the challenge of selling their idea to a panel.
And. thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in
the garden shed is long gone—although, there are still a few exceptions!
That’s not to say there aren’t problems. With the decline in manufacturing we
are losing the ability to know how to make things. There’s a real skills gap
developing. In my opinion, the Government does little or nothing to help innovation
at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more
money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite
everything, if you have a good idea and real determination, you can still do very well.
My own specialist area is packaging closures—almost every product needs it. I
got the idea for Squeezeopen after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my
mother complained she couldn’t get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper,
better, and you are 100 percent committed, there is a chance it will be a success.
I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People
don’t realise how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the time and
the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-offs.
Innovation doesn’t have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding
the right solution to a problem, whatever it is. There’s a lot of talent out there and,
thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realizing they
don’t want to miss out—it’s an exciting time.
What is the debate concerned with?
A ： What should we do to inspire people’s creativity?
B ： Will people’s invention and inspiration be exhausted in the future?
C ： Is there still a future for invention and inspiration?
D ： Who will be winner of the future technology?正确答案： C
解析：
从第一段的前两句可知，一些人认为在当今这个电脑游戏，大众传媒以及超市集聚的时
代，真正的创新思维已经不存在了。但也有人认为仍有很大的创新空间。可见，争论的
问题主要是是否还有进一步创新与发明创造的空间。选项C正确。
88 、 不定项选择题
Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially
those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their
colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory
tower, as university administrators make up to the commercial potential of academic
research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers
surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from
patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools
like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to
corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical
“dot. edu” model, free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests.
Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be
spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational
and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are
already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and
architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals.
Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and
seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice president Michael
Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students
willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of
what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the
project. Columbia also is anxious not be beaten by some of the other for-profit
“knowledge sites,” such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this
space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the
researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same
way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is
a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who
doesn’t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable
fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
“If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts,
the authority of the university could be diminished,” worries Herve Varenne, a
cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner:
“we would never compromise the integrity of the university.” Whether the new site
can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is
clear. It’s going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between
profit and purity.
Columbia’s Web site can provide free _____.A ： expertise of its professors
B ： listing of courses and professors’ research interests
C ： online courses and seminars
D ： books and tapes related to the course
正确答案： B
解析：
细节题。根据文中第三段中的“free sites listing courses and professors’ research
interests”可知只有选项B的内容是免费的。故B项是正确答案。由“it will offer the
expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site”可知A项收费。从“Free pages will
feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related
books and tapes”可知选项C、D所叙述的内容都是盈利性质的。
89 、 不定项选择题
Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today
by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to
encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom from
reception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how
Shakespearian characters like Puck in?A Midsummer Night’s Dream?are “jolly
characters” and how to write about them.
At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach
Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts
drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions” and “myths, legends and
traditional stories”.
However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation
of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very
young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,” said Mary Johnson, head of the
learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even
reception classes and key stage one pupils (five-to-seven-year-olds) can enjoy his
stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that
age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start
writing about him at that age.”
It is the RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary
school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching
Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from
the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for
14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time
to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.
However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of
the plays—a classroom version of the?Reduced Shakespeare Company’s Complete
Works of Shakespeare (Abridged)?which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to give
pupils a flavour of the whole drama.
The RSC’s venture coincides with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more
creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of
the University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare Institute - also based inStratford—said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right
answer” to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of
Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists
this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works—although she admits: “I
probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now.
What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of
Shakespeare,” she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I
know it’s difficult but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I can
agree with about Shakespeare.”
Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
A ： Professor Kate McLuskie once scolded Shakespeare in her essay.
B ： Professor Kate McLuskie insisted on her view on Shakespeare till now.
C ： Professor Kate McLuskie has changed her idea now.
D ： Ms. Kate thinks it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right
answer” to any question about Shakespeare.
正确答案： B
解析：
此题可用排除法。从最后一段第三句“Her first foray into the world of Shakespeare
was to berate him as a misogynist…but she now insists this should not be
interpreted as a criticism of his works”可看出，她曾痛斥莎士比亚，但她现在认为那
并不是对其作品的批评，所以A，C正确，B项错误。第二句提到“it was time to get
away from the idea that there was ‘a right answer’ to any question about
Shakespeare”可见，D也正确。
90 、 不定项选择题
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues,
Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American
literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed
that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and
that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western
European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded by this decree,
linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular folk material in the
oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after.
It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves—as
distinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them
acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862
northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative
melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the
Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary
Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable
Saint George’s Episcopal Church, had published Jubilee Songs of the United States,
with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner of
an art song.” Clearly, the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote
racial acceptance and integration only on the condition that it became Europeanized.Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American
art, Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his
writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature. Most of his folk
poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition: they contain
many instances of naming and enumeration, considerable hyperbole and
understatement, and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming. There is a deceptive
veil of artlessness in these poems. Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu
and impressionistic writer of poetry. His, he insisted, was not an artfully constructed
poetry. Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his
poetry was carefully and artfully crafted. In his folk poetry we find features common
to all folk literature, such as dramatic ellipsis, narrative compression, rhythmic
repetition, and monosyllabic emphasis. The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we
find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry. Together, these
aspects, of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the
techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the
linguistic and thematic range of African American literature.
Which one of the following aspects of Hughes’s poetry does the author appear to
value most highly?
A ： its novelty compared to other works of African American literature
B ： its subtle understatement compared to that of other kinds of folk literature
C ： its virtuosity in adapting musical forms to language
D ： its expression of the folk culture of Black People
正确答案： D
解析：
从第二段“Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people
established his writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature.”
可知作者认为休斯对黑人民间文化的表达具有标志性的重要意义，故答案为D。
91 、 不定项选择题
Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today
by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to
encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom from
reception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how
Shakespearian characters like Puck in?A Midsummer Night’s Dream?are “jolly
characters” and how to write about them.
At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach
Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts
drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions” and “myths, legends and
traditional stories”.
However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation
of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very
young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,” said Mary Johnson, head of the
learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Evenreception classes and key stage one pupils (five-to-seven-year-olds) can enjoy his
stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that
age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start
writing about him at that age.”
It is the RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary
school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching
Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from
the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for
14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time
to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.
However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of
the plays—a classroom version of the?Reduced Shakespeare Company’s Complete
Works of Shakespeare (Abridged)?which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to give
pupils a flavour of the whole drama.
The RSC’s venture coincides with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more
creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of
the University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare Institute - also based in
Stratford—said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right
answer” to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of
Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists
this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works—although she admits: “I
probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now.
What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of
Shakespeare,” she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I
know it’s difficult but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I can
agree with about Shakespeare.”
Ms. Johnson encourages teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays in order
to _____.
A ： introduce them into the world of Shakespeare
B ： deal with the final examination on Shakespeare
C ： give pupils a flavour of the whole drama
D ： strengthen the students with the knowledge of Shakespeare
正确答案： C
解析：
第六段最后一句说到，“to give pupils a flavour of the whole drama.”，可见，是为
了让孩子们完整全面地了解戏剧，所以选项C正确。
92 、 不定项选择题
Some believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment and
conformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the
window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for
innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardization of
modern life, there is an unabated appetite for great ideas, visionary thinking and
inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues,we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one.
Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, I’ve
seen a big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly
any support for inventors, apart from the national organization the Institute of
Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors’ clubs popping up
all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally and growing. These non-profit
clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again
interested in invention.
I’ve been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and I’ve written a
motor mandrel. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME ear, learning to
put it together. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making
go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve
problems. We weren’t just sitting at a PlayStation, like many kids do today.
But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. There’s a lot more internl in
design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media.
It’s evident with TV programmes such as Channe14’s?Scrapheap Challenge?or
BBC2’s?The Apprentice and Dragon’s Den, where people are given a task to solve
or face the challenge of selling their idea to a panel.
And. thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in
the garden shed is long gone—although, there are still a few exceptions!
That’s not to say there aren’t problems. With the decline in manufacturing we
are losing the ability to know how to make things. There’s a real skills gap
developing. In my opinion, the Government does little or nothing to help innovation
at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more
money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite
everything, if you have a good idea and real determination, you can still do very well.
My own specialist area is packaging closures—almost every product needs it. I
got the idea for Squeezeopen after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my
mother complained she couldn’t get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper,
better, and you are 100 percent committed, there is a chance it will be a success.
I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People
don’t realise how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the time and
the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-offs.
Innovation doesn’t have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding
the right solution to a problem, whatever it is. There’s a lot of talent out there and,
thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realizing they
don’t want to miss out—it’s an exciting time.
What’s the central idea of the last paragraph?
A ： We should miss out the exciting time.
B ： A variety of spin-offs ate produced by the scientific research.
C ： The nature of innovation.
D ： The nature of talent.
正确答案： C
解析：
段落大意题。文中讲到创新不一定非得是高科技的，只要是针对问题找到的解决办法都
可称作发明创新，这就是发明创新的本质所在。所以选C。93 、 不定项选择题
“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”
Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly
maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance
claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast and
complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people
are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be
in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss.
New work, at less pay, often is.
Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are
overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small
wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely
expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t
fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow
growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since
few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many
more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced
with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or
more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector
jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now
unemployment isn’t, either.
Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the
new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in
many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs
concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” industries, whose
ups and downs track the economy most closely.
As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts
predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker
peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group
of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help
produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcry becomes will depend partly on
the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak
outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically
dynamite”.
According to the passage, the unemployment rate has been kept under limits
because _____.
A ： the number of the people in the work force slowly increases
B ： very few people really lose their original jobs
C ： less and less people are out finding new jobs
D ： the government has taken strong measures to control the unemployment rate
正确答案： A
解析：
由文章第二段第五句，“The unemployment rate…a weak economy.”，可知，失业率保持在一个较低的水平是由于人力资源的缓慢增加而导致的。工作的人数的增加少，
相对失业的人也较少。A选项正是此意。B，C，D选项无关。
94 、 不定项选择题
“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”
Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly
maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance
claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast and
complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people
are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be
in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss.
New work, at less pay, often is.
Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are
overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small
wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely
expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t
fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow
growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since
few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many
more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced
with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or
more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector
jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now
unemployment isn’t, either.
Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the
new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in
many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs
concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” industries, whose
ups and downs track the economy most closely.
As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts
predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker
peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group
of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help
produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcry becomes will depend partly on
the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak
outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically
dynamite”.
Why does the author refer to Coolidge’s maxim as silly?
A ： More and more people are applying for unemployment insurance.
B ： Unemployment rate is not likely to rise quickly nowadays.
C ： Losing jobs doesn’t necessarily lead to unemployment.
D ： Today’s labor market is much too complicated than Coolidge’s time.
正确答案： D
解析：由文章第一段第三句，“But in today’s vast…what they seem.”可知，在当今社会造
成失业人口增加的原因是复杂的。由此段最后一句话可知，旧形式的失业已经不再是没
有工作的原因，而是新的工作工资太少而造成的。Coolidge的理论是越来越多的人下岗
是由于失业导致的。这种理论已经不再适用于当今社会，因此是可笑的。D选项正是此
意。A，B，C选项无关。
95 、 不定项选择题
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues,
Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American
literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed
that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and
that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western
European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded by this decree,
linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular folk material in the
oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after.
It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves—as
distinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them
acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862
northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative
melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the
Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary
Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable
Saint George’s Episcopal Church, had published Jubilee Songs of the United States,
with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner of
an art song.” Clearly, the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote
racial acceptance and integration only on the condition that it became Europeanized.
Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American
art, Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his
writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature. Most of his folk
poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition: they contain
many instances of naming and enumeration, considerable hyperbole and
understatement, and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming. There is a deceptive
veil of artlessness in these poems. Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu
and impressionistic writer of poetry. His, he insisted, was not an artfully constructed
poetry. Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his
poetry was carefully and artfully crafted. In his folk poetry we find features common
to all folk literature, such as dramatic ellipsis, narrative compression, rhythmic
repetition, and monosyllabic emphasis. The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we
find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry. Together, these
aspects, of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the
techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the
linguistic and thematic range of African American literature.
The author suggests that the “deceptive veil”(Paragraph 2) in Hughes’s poetry
obscures _____.
A ： evidence of his use of oral techniques in his poetry
B ： evidence of his thoughtful deliberation in composing his poems
C ： his scrupulous concern for representative details in his poetryD ： his incorporation of Western European literary techniques in his poetry
正确答案： B
解析：
作者说休斯的诗中有“欺骗性的面纱”，是指其诗中掩藏着他创作时所投注的深思熟虑。
从第二段“Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that
his poetry was carefully and artfully crafted.”可知，尽管休斯自称写诗时从不准备，
自由随性，但其实是经过了精细的雕琢的。
96 、 不定项选择题
Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special
view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps
that he himself knows. It determines his treatment of friends and enemies, his
conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his
country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his
personal happiness.
Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have their
philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because
of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War
II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of
differences in social and political philosophy.
Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive
fury of earthquakes, floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the
mysteries of birth and death, pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelly and
kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the size of the universe and man’s
place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice?
What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end,
about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He
alone distinguishes between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the
worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the
world of ideas and values.
Some of man’s questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call
it science or art and move on to higher ground and a new vista of the world. Many of
our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the
nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation
of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God,
and the meaning of reality.
The human race has reflected so long and often on these problems that the
same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these
thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have
most influenced ancient and modern thought. We shall want to do our own thinking
and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel
alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may
also illuminate our way.
In the passage, the author says that every man is a philosopher. This is because _____.
A ： every man lives like a philosopherB ： every man is aware of the importance of philosophy
C ： every man lives in accordance with his world outlook
D ： every man lives consciously
正确答案： C
解析：
第一段第一句提到“Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of
life and his special view of the universe”，由此可知每个人都是哲学家，每个人都有
自己对生命的哲学看法和世界观。后一句是对前一句的解释，因此选A。
97 、 不定项选择题
Hormones in the Body Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous
system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting
integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on
electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought,
emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments
by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in
the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view.
From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.
There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal
cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals
in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the
nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals
alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin,
taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in
motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen
elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according
to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the
endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands
include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and
glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for
digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into
the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such
key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause
immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously
urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and
affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.
Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can
suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a
child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth
and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The
quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have
given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of
alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of
estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to
reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts
caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known
as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent
weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of
heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that
blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and
block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their
enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose
symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting
abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth
hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who
would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just
physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and
family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the
risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must _____.
A ： be part of the digestive process
B ： influence the operations of the nervous system
C ： affect processes in a different part of the body
D ： regulate attitudes and behavior
正确答案： C
解析：
由文章第二段最后一句话，“A hormone …things happen elsewhere.”，可知，荷尔
蒙是由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此，C选项正是此意，它会对
身体的另一个部分产生影响。A，B，D选项文中均未提及。
98 、 不定项选择题
Nobody ever went into academic circles to make a fast fortune. Professors, especially
those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their
colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory
tower, as university administrators make up to the commercial potential of academic
research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers
surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from
patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools
like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to
corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical
“dot. edu” model, free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests.
Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be
spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educationaland research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are
already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and
architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals.
Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and
seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice president Michael
Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students
willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of
what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the
project. Columbia also is anxious not be beaten by some of the other for-profit
“knowledge sites,” such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this
space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the
researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same
way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is
a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who
doesn’t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable
fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
“If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts,
the authority of the university could be diminished,” worries Herve Varenne, a
cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner:
“we would never compromise the integrity of the university.” Whether the new site
can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is
clear. It’s going to take the best minds on camps to find a new balance between
profit and purity.
Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A ： The impressive profits tend to undermine the integrity of the university.
B ： Some universities are struggling with new ways to turn ideas into cash.
C ： It’s important to make use of bright ideas to make more profits.
D ： Columbia’s new site is to create profits.
正确答案： B
解析：
主旨题。本文主要介绍了美国的一些大学意识到了学术研究的商业价值，通过出卖专利
权和建立收费网站的方法获利。可见，B项符合题意。
99 、 不定项选择题
There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues,
Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American
literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed
that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and
that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western
European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded by this decree,
linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular folk material in the
oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after.
It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves—asdistinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them
acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862
northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative
melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the
Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary
Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable
Saint George’s Episcopal Church, had published Jubilee Songs of the United States,
with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner of
an art song.” Clearly, the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote
racial acceptance and integration only on the condition that it became Europeanized.
Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American
art, Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his
writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature. Most of his folk
poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition: they contain
many instances of naming and enumeration, considerable hyperbole and
understatement, and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming. There is a deceptive
veil of artlessness in these poems. Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu
and impressionistic writer of poetry. His, he insisted, was not an artfully constructed
poetry. Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his
poetry was carefully and artfully crafted. In his folk poetry we find features common
to all folk literature, such as dramatic ellipsis, narrative compression, rhythmic
repetition, and monosyllabic emphasis. The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we
find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry. Together, these
aspects, of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the
techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the
linguistic and thematic range of African American literature.
The author most probably mentions the reactions of northern White writers to non-
Europeanized “sorrow songs” in order to _____.
A ： suggest that White writers benefited more from exposure to African American
art forms than Black writers did from exposure to European art forms
B ： contrast White writers’ earlier appreciation of these songs with the growing
tendency after the Civil War to regard Europeanized versions of the songs as more
acceptable
C ： show that the requirement that such songs be Europeanized was internal to the
African American tradition and was unrelated to the literary standards or attitudes of
White writers
D ： demonstrate that such songs in their non-Europeanized form were more
imaginative
正确答案： B
解析：
作者提到美国北方白人作家对于“非欧洲化”的黑人灵歌的反应，是为了进行对比。早
期他们很欣赏此类歌曲，在内战结束后，他们逐渐将欧洲化的歌曲视为可以接受的版本。
第一段中“It might be pointed out that…had been Europeanized to make them
acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War.”一句指出这
些歌曲欧洲化之后才能被接受，之后一句即举了北方白人作家态度的转变过程的例子。100 、 不定项选择题
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that
encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the
mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the
status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the
development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been
obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas
and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that
feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.
American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual
theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was
already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that
cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York,
in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of
nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical
focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of
social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.
The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied
than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts.
By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely
absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European
historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist
ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later
feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on
an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with
the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male,
to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity
reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there
were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an
equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on
gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born
similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to
socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought,
however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual
equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate
description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?
A ： society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.
B ： A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal
status.
C ： A society in which women did not enter public life.
D ： A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the
basis of their spiritual power.正确答案： B
解析：
由文章第三段最后一句话可知，虽然Saint-Simonians不反对男女之间的差别，但是他们
主张男女平等的社会地位和社会角色。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项的内容在文中均
未提及。
