【2026版高中步步高同步复习英语外研版选择性必修二学习笔记word培优讲义Unit 4同题异文群文阅读

A

(选自人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.

In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.

Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16,37,38，and 40)．However，some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.

The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.

Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.

Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.

1.Which of the following did John Snow believe in?

A．Bad air caused cholera.

B．What people ate or drank caused cholera.

C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.

D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.

2．What was the key to finding the evidence?

A．The government.

B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street.

C．The water company.

D．The map marked by John Snow.

3．At last，what made “King Cholera” controlled?

A．Using medicines in hospital.B．Driving patients out of the country.

C．Dealing with the polluted water.D．Getting rid of all kinds of pollution.

4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?

A．Cholera germs multiplied in the water.

B．Polluted water carried the virus.

C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.

D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.

词汇积累

1．cholera n．霍乱

2．diarrhoea n．腹泻

3．dehydration n．脱水

4．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的

5．once and for all 最终地；彻底地

6．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的

7．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌

8．epidemiology n．流行病学

B

(节选自北师大版选择性必修第四册UNIT 11)

Story A

Do Chuc is a 48­year­old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day.He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians out of their homes.Together with other villagers，they were marched a few hundred metres into the village square where they were told to sit.“Still we had no reason to be afraid，” Chuc remembered.“Everyone was calm.We’d seen it all before.” Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun.The calm ended and panic set in.The people began weeping and praying.One man showed his identification papers to a soldier，but the American simply said，“Sorry.” Then the shooting started.Chuc was wounded in the leg and almost unconscious，but he was covered by a pile of dead bodies and thus，his life was saved.After waiting an hour，he fled the village.

Story B

We were on the frontier and on Christmas morning we stuck up a board displaying “A Merry Christmas” on it.The enemy had stuck up a similar one.Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives.Two of the Germans did the same.They greeted each other and shook hands.Then we all got out of the trench.Bill (our officer) tried to prevent it but it was too late，so he and the other officers climbed out，too.We，and the Germans，walked through the mud and met in the middle of no­man’s land.

We spent all day with one another.Some of them could speak English.By the look of them，their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.One of their men，speaking in English，said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.We told him he wasn’t the only one who was fed up with it.The German officer asked Bill if we would like some beer and they brought them over to us.Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot.The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight.

Just before midnight，we all decided not to start firing before they did.We’d formed a bond and during the whole of Boxing Day，we never fired a shot and they the same；each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling.One of their men shouted across in English and asked how we had enjoyed the beer.We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day chatting with them.That evening we were replaced by other soldiers.

Story C

I got a phone call from the chief nurse，saying，“You’ve got a patient there who is going to get an award.Make sure that the ward looks good.” This really turned me off to begin with，“Let’s clean up the ward because we’ve got VIPs coming in.” Well，the VIPs happened to be a general and a group of about a dozen people.It was this patient’s second visit to us and this time 

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