ARTICLE · 1021717
高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读D篇精讲|说明文如何抓实验类文章的命题密码
高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读D篇精讲|说明文如何抓实验类文章的命题密码想学习更多系列讲座，关注公众号点击私信后，下方菜单栏可选 阅读D篇，是整套高考试卷阅读理解当中难度最高的一档。大多为科普、实验、学术研究类说明文。特点：生词多、长难句密集、逻辑链条绕，题目侧重推理、细节定位、主旨理解。本篇是一篇心理学实验类阅读，高考高频体裁，掌握这套做题套路，同类文章都可以套用。 原题完整摘录 阅读理解D A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive(认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self‑transcendent feelings”—such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired—than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 32.What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 33.Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34.Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 35.What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. 答案：32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D 一、本篇体裁特点｜高考实验研究类说明文命题规律 本篇属于高考阅读D篇高频体裁——心理学实验说明文 文章固定框架： 1. 开头：提出实验目的 2. 第二段：实验对象、分组、两组不同操作（实验组vs对照组，高频出题点） 3. 第三段：实验数据、对比结果（大量数字，是细节题出处） 4. 第四段：补充实验，排除干扰变量，区分真正原因（极易出推理题） 5. 结尾：研究者观点、实验结论（主旨题答案所在地） 做题核心口诀：看实验，分清两组；看数据，找准对比；看结尾，锁定结论。 题目设置：32、33为细节定位题；34推理判断题；35主旨/研究发现题。 二、逐题精讲 32题 题干：beauty小组被要求对黏土作品做什么？ 定位第二段：the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed。 rate v. 评价，给……打分，对应B选项 Give each piece a rating（给每件作品打分）。 A画轮廓、C对比价格、D复制作品，原文无提及。 33题 题干：哪一组参与者平均分最高？ 定位第三段： those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. beauty组+有艺术爱好的人，分数高出25%，是所有组别当中最高，选A。 ⚠️做题提示：文章出现多组对比，一定要把分组标记在试卷上，避免张冠李戴。 34题 题干：为什么要测试参与者的情绪状态？ 定位第四段后半句： …suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 翻译：这表明，是对美的接触影响抽象思维，而并非来自这次体验带来的积极情绪。 做情绪测试，是为了搞清楚：到底是什么因素造成前面抽象思维分数的差异，排除“情绪开心”这个干扰因素。对应D：To determine factors behind the test results（确定测试结果背后的影响因素）。 干扰项辨析： A 发现对艺术的态度；B识别特定思维模式；C检验任务难度，均不是实验目的。 35题 主旨题（研究主要发现） 全文反复出现关键词 abstract thinking（抽象思维）。 首尾呼应：开头实验目的，中间实验数据，末尾最后一句：Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes。 欣赏艺术之美，可以启动抽象认知过程。对应D：It encourages abstract thinking（它促进抽象思维）。 ⚠️易错C选项：It creates positive feelings。原文明确说明beauty组并没有更加快乐，情绪不是核心结论，C错。 三、重点核心词汇（高考高频） 1. conduct an experiment 做实验 2. cognitive adj. 认知的 3. merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 4. gallery n. 美术馆，画廊 5. participant n. 参与者 6. randomly adv. 随机地 7. rate v. 评价；打分 n. 比率 8. abstract adj. 抽象的 ※本篇反复出现，阅读高频词 9. concrete adj. 具体的（abstract的反义词） 10. transformative adj. 有变革性的 11. self‑transcendent adj. 自我超越的 12. enlighten v. 启发，启迪 13. inspire v. 激励，启发 14. positivity n. 积极性，乐观情绪 15. initiate v. 发起，启动 16. zone out 走神，放空大脑 四、高考实验类阅读D篇通用解题技巧 1. 读文章先划两组对象：实验组（beauty group）、对照组（control group） 把两组人的不同操作用笔标记，32、33这类细节题绝大多数来自两组对比。千万不要混淆两组行为和实验结果。 2. 文章里面出现数字（14%、23%、25%），数字不用背诵记忆，圈出来，题干问到分数，直接回数字处定位。数字本身不会是答案，数字背后的对比关系才是考点。 3. 实验说明文，实验过程不重要，实验结论最重要。 结论经常出：①段末；②最后一段；③带有suggesting / show / find that引导的句子。主旨题、研究发现题优先看这些句子。 4. 推理判断题（如34题）：不能凭生活常识做题，答案必须原文有依据。 本篇很多同学会误选A，感觉测情绪就是看对艺术的态度，但是原文没有这个逻辑，属于主观脑补，做题要杜绝脑补。 5. 注意“排除干扰因素”段落（本篇第四段） 实验类文章经常专门一段话，用来证明“A不是原因，B才是真正原因”，这是高考非常喜欢出题的地方，极易设置推理题。 6. 长难句处理：先找谓语动词，分清主句和从句；科普文生词多，很多生词是名词解释，可以直接跳过，不影响做题。 五、考场避坑提醒 ❌坑1：两组实验对象行为看混，张冠李戴，是本篇最高失分点。 ❌坑2：看到文中出现情绪相关词语，就主观选“产生积极情绪”，忽略原文转折however。 ❌坑3：做主旨题只看局部某一段，忽略全文反复重复的核心词abstract thinking。 小结：D篇实验说明文，看着生词多、篇幅长，但命题套路非常固定。把实验组、对照组、实验数据、最终结论抓牢，就可以稳定拿分。 想学习更多系列讲座，关注公众号点击私信后，下方菜单栏可选