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22002200年年1122月月大大学学英英语语六六级级试试题题第第11套套
Part II
Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you
Directions : In thi-s section , you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you
will hearfour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a
A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11.. AA)) HHere rh houosues eh ahsa sn onto tb ebeene nr erpeapiarireedd iinn ttiimmee..
BB) )ShSeh eh ahsa sf afailileedd ttoo rreeaacchh tthhee mmaannaaggeerr aaggaaiinn..
CC) )HHere rc lcalaiimm h ahsa s bbeeene nc coompmlpetleetleyly ddiissrreeggaarrddeedd..
DD) )ShSeh eh ahsa sn onto tr erecceeiivveedd aannyy lleetttteerr frforomm tthhee mmaann..
22..A)A )T hTeh ger ogurondu nfdl ofloor oor fo fth theierir ccoottttaaggee wwaass ffllooooddeedd..
BB) )TThehierir ccaarraavvaann wwaass wwaasshheedd aawwaya yb yb yt hthee fflloooodd..
CC) )TThehieri re enntitirree hhoouussee wwaass ddeessttrrooyyeedd bbyy tthhee fflloooodd..
DD) )ThTeh er oroofo off o tfh tehieri rc cototttaaggee ccoollllaappsseedd iinn tthhee fflloooodd..
33.. AA)) TTheh ew owmoamn'asn 'msi smriesardeiandgin ogf otfh teh ei nisnusruarnacnec ec ocmopmanpya'nsy 'lse ltetteterr..
BB) )TTheh ew owmoanm'ans 'isg nigonraonracnec eo fo tfh teh ei ninssuurraannccee ccoommpapnayn'ys' sp poloiliccyy..
CC) )TTheh ew owmaonm'sa ni'sn aicncaucrcautrea ted edscerscirpitpitoionn o of ft thhee wwhohloel ei inncciiddeenntt..
DD)T)hTe hweo mwaon'msa nf'asi lfauirleu ret ot op apya yh ehre rh ohuosues ei ninsusurarannccee iinn ttiimmee..
4. A) File a lawsuit against the insurance company.
4. A) File a lawsuit against the insurance company.
BB) )TTalaklk ttoo tthhee mmaannaaggeerr ooff SSaaffee HHoouussee IInnssuurraannccee..
CC) )CConosnuslut lth ehre rl laawwyeyre ra baobuotu tt hthe ei innssuurraannccee ppooliliccyy..
DD) )ReRveivsies et hteh et eterrmms sa nadn dc ocnodnidtiitoinosn so fo ft thhee ccoonntrtraacctt..
Questions 5 to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.
5
A
.
)ATh) eTy hweoyr kw oirnk diinf fdeiffreenrte nft ifieledldss ooff AAII tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
BB)T)hTeyh edyi sdaigsraegere ea baobuot utt hthe ef ufututurree ooff AAII tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
C C )T ) hTeyh edyi fdfieffre rg rgereaattllyy iinn tthheeiri rk nkonwowlleeddggee ooff m mooddeemm tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
DD) )ThTehye ya raer eb obtohth w owrorirreide da baobuotu tt hthe en negeagtaitivvee iimmppacatc t ooff tteecchhnnoollooggyy..
6.1
6 · 16. A) Simply writing AI software.
6. A) Simply writing AI software.
B) Stimulating and motivating.
B) Stimulating and motivating.
CC) ) LLesesss ttiimmee--ccoonnssuumminign ga nadn df ofcoucsuisningg oon nc rcereaattiioonn..
DD) )M oMreo red edmeamndainndg inagn da nrdeq rueiqruiinrgi nsgp espcieaclia lt rtraaiinniinngg..
77.. AA)) TThheerree ccoouulldd bbee jjoobbss nnoobbooddyy wwaanntsts ttoo ddoo..
BB) )D iDgiigtiatla l lliiffee ccoouulldd rreeppllaaccee hhuummana nc icviivliilizzaattiioonn..
CC) ) HHumuamnsa nwso wulodu lbde btei rtierde do of fc coommmumniucnaictaitnign gw iwtihth oonne ea annootthheerr..
D) Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.
D) Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.
8.A) Life will become like a science fiction film.
8. A) Life will become like a science fiction film.
BB) )I Itt wwiillll ttaakkee aawwaayy hhuummanasn's 'j ojobsb sa latltooggeetthheerr..
CC) )C Chihpisp sw iwlill l bbee iinnsseerrtteedd iinn hhuummaann bbrraaiinnss..
D) It will be smarter than human beings.
D) It will be smarter than human beings.
Section B
Section B
Directions:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three
Directions : In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three
orfour questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.Afer you
or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question,you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A),B),
hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B} ,
C)and D).Then marh the corresponding leter on Answer Sheet 1withasingle line
C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre.。
through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
99.. AA)} RResetsrtraaiinn tthheemmsseellvveess ffrroomm hhiigghh--rriisskk iinnvveessttmmeennttss..
BB) )S aSvaev eo noen-ef-iffiftthh ooff tthheeiirr nneett m moonntthhllyy iinnccoommee..
CC) )I nIvnevsets ts shhrerewwdldyl yi ni nl ulucrcarattiivvee bbuussiinneesssseess..
DD) )T rTyr yt too eeaarrnn aass mmuucchh mmonoenye ya sa sp opsossisbibllee..
10.A) Start by doing something small. C) Try to stick to their initial plan.
10. A) Start by doing something small. C) Try to stick to their initial plan.
B) Ask a close friend for advice. D) Cut 20of their daily spending.
B) Ask a close friend for advice. D) Cut 20% of their daily spending.
11. A) An optimistic attitude. C) A proper mindset.
11. A) An optimistic attitude. C) A proper mindset.
B) An ambitious plan. D) A keen inerest.
B) An ambitious plan. D) A keen interest.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1122.A. )A S) hSe hwea ws ausn iunntienrteesretsetde di ni na davdevretritissiinngg.. C C ) ) S S he h e w a w s a s u n u h n a h p a p p y p y wi w th i th f a f s a h s i h o io n n t t r r e e n n d d s s . .
B) She found her outfit inappropriate. D) She often checked herself in a mirror.
B) She found her outfit inappropriate. D) She often checked herself in a mirror.
6·2
6 · 213.A) To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.
13. A) To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.
BB) )T oT om emete ett hteh ee xepxepcetacttaitoinosn so fo ff afasshhiioonn--ccoonnscsicoiouus sc lcilieennttss..
CC) )T oT ok ekeepe pu pu pw iwthi tht hteh ec ucrurrernetn t ttrreennddss..
D) To save the expenses on clothing.
D) To save the expenses on clothing.
14. A) It enhances people's ability to work independently.
14. A) It enhances people's ability to work independently.
B) It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.
B) It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.
CC) )I tI tm matattetresrs aa lloott iinn jjoobbss iinnvvoollvviinngg iinntteerraaccttiioonn wwiitthh ootthheerrss..
DD) )I tIt bboooossttss oonnee''ss ccoonnffidideennccee w whheenn llooookkiinngg ffoorr eemmppllooyymmeenntt..
1155.. AA)}D eDseisging nt htehierir oowwn nu uninfifoorrmm t too aappppeeaarr uunniiqquuee..
B)Wear classic pieces to impress their clients.
B) Wear classic pieces to impress their clients.
CC) )F iFgihgth tt thhee eevveerr--cchhaanngginingg t trreennddss iinn ffaasshhiioonn..
D) Do whatever is possible to look smart.
D) Do whatever is possible to look smart.
Setion C
Section C
Directions:In this section,you willhear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by thee or four
Directions : In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four
questions.The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question,you must
questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must
cchhoooossee tthhee bbeests ta nasnwsewre frro mfr othme tfoheu rf cohuori cecsh omicaerkse dm aAr k) e, dB A)) ,, BC),) Ca)nandd D D)) .. TThheenn mmaarrkk tthhee
corresponding leter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions l6 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
1166.. AA)) TThheierir oobbsseessssiioonn wwiitthh ccoonnssuummppttiioonn.. C)C )T hTeh ee veevre-ri-nicnrceraesaisinngg ccoossttss ooff hhoouussiinngg..
B)B )T hTehieri rf afialiluurree ttoo aaccccuummuullaattee wweeaalltthh.. D)D )T hTeh ed edteetreiroiorarattiioonn ooff tthhee eennvviirroonnmmeenntt..
1 1 7. 7 . A A ) ) T h T i h n i g n s g s t h t a h t a t a r a e re r r a a r r e e t t o o f f i in n d d. . C)C )T hTihnignsg st htahta tb oboosots te fefffiicciieennccyy..
BB) )T Thihnignsg st hthata t ccoosstt lleessss mmoonneeyy.. D)D )T hTihnignsg st hthaatt wwee cchheerriisshh mmoosstt..
1188.. AA)} TThheye ys esrevrvee mmulutlitippllee ppuurrppoosseess.. C) C ) T h T e h y e y a r a e r e m m os o t s l t y ly d d u u r r a a b b l l e e . .
BB) )T Thehye yb ebneenfeiftit tthhee eennvviirroonnmmeenntt.. D) D ) T h T e h y e y ar a e r e e a e s a i s l il y y d d i i s s p p o o s s a a b b l l e e . .
QQueusetsitoionns s 1199 ttoo 2211 aarree bbaasseedd oonn tthhee rreeccoorrddiinngg yyoouu hhaavvee jjuusstt hheeaarrdd..
1199.. AA)) AAllll rreessppoonnddeennttss wweerree aaffrraaiidd ooff mmaakkiinngg aa hhiigghh eexxppeennssee ccllaaiimm..
BB) )A A n unmubmerb eorf orfe rsepsopnodnednetnst sg agvaev ea na na vaevrearagge ea annsswwere ro of f4 40000 mmilieless..
CC) )O Ovevre r1 01?0 %th eo fr ethsep ornedspenotnsd elnites dl ieadb oaubto tuht et hdei dstisatnacnec et thheeyy ddrroovvee..
DD) )M oMsto sot fo ft hthe er reessppoonnddenetnsts ggoott ccoommpepnesnastaetde df ofor r ddrriivviinngg 338844 mmilileess..
6·3
6 • 320. A) They responded to colleagues'suspicion. C) They wanted to protect their reputation.
20. A) They responded to colleagues' suspicion. C) They wanted to protect their reputation.
B) They cared about other people's claims. D) They endeavored to actually be honest.
B) They cared about other people's claims. D) They endeavored to actually be honest.
21. A) They seem positive. C) They are ilutrative.
21. A) They seem positive. C) They are illustrative.
B) They seem intuitive. D) They are conclusive.
B) They seem intuitive. D) They are conclusive.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
2222.A. )ADe) tDereiteorriaotriaotino ni ni nt thhee qquuaalliittyy ooff nneeww mmuussiicc.. C C ) ) O l O d l e d r e r p e p o e p o l p e l ' e s 's c c h h a a n n gi g n in g g m u m s u ic si a c l a l t a ta s s t t e e s s . .
BB) )I nIsnisgighhtsts iinnttoo tthhee ffeeaattuurreess ooff g goooodd mmuussiicc.. DD) )O lOdledre rp epoepolpel'es's aavveerrssiioonn ttoo nneeww mmuussiicc..
2233.A. )A T) hTehy enyo n loo nlognegr elr ilsistteenn ttoo nneeww mmuussiicc..
BB) ) TThehye yf ifnindd aallll mmuussiicc ssoouunnddss tthhee ssaammee..
CC) )T hTehye yc acna nm amkea kseu bstulbet led idsitsitinnccttiioonnss aabboouutt mmuussiicc..
DD)T)h eTyh esyel sdeolmd olmis tleisnt etno tos osnogsn grse lreelaesaesde di ni nt htheierir tteeeennss..
24.A)The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar itll be to you.
24. A) The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar it'll be to you.
B)The more you are exposed to something, the deeper you'll understand it.
B) The more you are exposed to something, the deeper you'll understand it.
C
C
)
)
T Theh em omreo rey oyuo eux peexrpieerniecnec seo smoemtheitnhgi,n gt, hteh el olnognegre ry oyuo'ul'lll rreemmeemmbebre ri tit..
D) The more you experience something, the better you'll appreciate it.
D) The more you experience something, the better you'll appreciate it.
25. A) Teenagers' memories are more lasting.
25. A} Teenagers' memories are more lasting. CC) )T Teeeneangaegresr s aarree mmucuhc hm omroe res esnesnistiitivvee..
B) Teenagers' emotions are more intense. D) Teenagers are much more sentimental.
B) Teenagers' emotions are more intense. D) Teenagers are much more sentimental.
Part II
Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading Comprehension ( ( 4 4 0 0 m m i i n n u u t t e e s s) )
Section A
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifed
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified
by a leter. Please mark the corresponding leter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.
single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It offers the possibility of
The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It offers the possibility of
a double benefit— 26 harmful activities, while also providing the government with revenue.
a double benefit- 26 harmful activities, while also providing the government with revenue.
Take sin taxes. Taxes on alcohol make it more expensive to get drunk, which reduces excessive
Take sin taxes. Taxes on alcohol make it more expensive to get drunk, which reduces excessive
drinking and 27 driving. At the same time, they provide state and local governments with
drinking and 27 driving. At the same time, they provide state and local governments with
billions of dollars of revenue.Tobacco taxes, which generate more than twice as much, have proven
billions of dollars of revenue. Tobacco taxes, which generate more than twice as much, have proven
28 in the decline of smoking, which has saved millions of lives.
28 in the decline of smoking, which has saved millions of lives.
6·4
6 • 4Taxes can also be an important tool for environmental protection, and many economists say
Taxes can also be an important tool for environmental protection, and many economists say
taxing carbon would be the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Economic theory says that
taxing carbon would be the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Economic theory says that
unlike income or sales taxes,carbon taxes can actually increase economic efficiency; because
unlike income or sales taxes, carbon taxes can actually increase economic efficiency; because
companies that 29 carbon dioxide into the sky don't pay the costs of the climate change they
companies that 29 carbon dioxide into the sky don't pay the costs of the climate change they
cause, carbon taxes would restore the proper _30 to the market.
cause, carbon taxes would restore the proper _1Q__ to the market.
In reality, carbon taxes alone won't be enough to halt global warming, but they would be a
In reality, carbon taxes alone won't be enough to halt global warming, but they would be a
useful part of any climate plan. What's more, the revenue from this tax, which would _31_ be
useful part of any climate plan. What's more, the revenue from this tax, which would 31 be
hundreds of billions of dollars per year, could be handed out to citizens as a 32 or used to fund
hundreds of billions of dollars per year, could be handed out to citizens as a 32 or used to fund
green infrastructure projects.
green infrastructure projects.
Similarly, a wealth tax has been put forward as a way to reduce inequality while raising revenue.
Similarly, a wealth tax has been put forward as a way to reduce inequality while raising revenue.
The revenue from this tax, which some experts 33_ will be over $4 trillion per decade, would be
The revenue from this tax, which some experts __lL will be over $4 trillion per decade, would be
designated for housing,child care,health care and other government benefits.If you believe, as many
designated for housing, child care, health care and other government benefits. If you believe, as many
do, that wealth inequality is 34_ bad, then these taxes improve society while also 35
do, that wealth inequality is 34 bad, then these taxes improve society while also 35
goverment cffers（金库）.
government coffers ( ½Ji¥.) .
A)discouraging I) intaly
A) discouraging I) initially
B) dividend ) instrumental
B) dividend J) instrumental
C) emotiona K) merging
C) emotional K) merging
D fragment
L predict
E Di) mfpraagimrenetds L) predict
M) probably
E) impaired M) probably
F)imrioned N) pump
F) imprisoned N) pump
G) inentives
O) swelling
G) incentives 0) swelling
H) inerenly
H) inherently
Section B
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding leter
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2.
on Answer Sheet 2.
The Challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
The Challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
* ~)
AA）) AA g rgoruopu po fo fc ocronrn ffaarrmmeerrss ssttaannddss hhuuddddlleedd aarroouunndd aann a
a
g
g
r
r
o
o
n
n
o
o
m
m
is
is
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（
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家）aanndd hhiiss ccoommppuutteerr oonn tthhee
side of an irrigation machine in central South Africa. The agronomist has just flown over the field
side of an irrigation machine in central South Africa. The agronomist has just flown over the field
with a hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)that takes off and lands using propellers yet
with a hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that takes off and lands using propellers yet
maintains distance and speed for scanning vast hectares of land through the use of its fixed wings.
maintains distance and speed for scanning vast hectares of land through the use of its fixed wings.
6·5
6 · 5BB) )T Theh eU AUV AiVs fisi tftiettde dw iwthit ha af ofuoru rs psepcetcrtraall bbaanndd pprerecciissiioonn sseennssoorr tthhaatt ccoonndduuccttss oonnbbooaarrdd pprroocceessssiinngg
immediately after the flight, allowing farmers and field staff to address, almost immediately, any
immediately after the flight, allowing farmers and field staff to address, almost immediately, any
crop abnormalities that the sensor may have recorded, making the data collection truly real-time.
crop abnormalities that the sensor may have recorded, making the data collection truly real-time.
C
C
)
)
I nIn tthhiiss iinnssttaannccee,, thteh ef aframrmeerrs s aanndd aaggrroonnoommiisstt aarree llooookkiinngg ttoo ssppeecciiaalliziezedd ssoofftwtwaarree tot o ggivivee thtehmem aann
accurate plant population count. It's been 10 days since the corn emerged and the farmer wants to
accurate plant p~pulation count. It's been 10 days since the corn emerged and the farmer wants to
determine if there are any parts of the field that require replanting due to a lack of emergence or
determine if there are any parts of the field that require replanting due to a lack of emergence or
wind damage, which can be severe in the early stages of the summer rainy season.
wind damage, which can be severe in the early stages of the summer rainy season.
DD)A)t A tth ithsi sg rgorwotwht hs tsatgaeg eo fo ft hthee pplalanntt''ss ddeevveellooppmmeenntt,, tthhee ffaarrmmeerr hhaass aannootthheerr 1100 ddaayyss ttoo ccoonndduucctt aannyy
replanting before the majority of his fertilizer and chemical applications need to occur. Once these
replanting before the majority of his fertilizer and chemical applications need to occur. Once these
have been applied, it becomes economically unviable to take corrective action, making any further
have been applied, it becomes economically unviable to take corrective action, making any further
collected data historical and useful only to inform future practices for the season to come.
collected data historical and useful only to inform future practices for the season to come.
EE)T)h Te hseo fstowftawrea rec ocmopmleptleeste si tists pprroocceessssiinngg iinn uunnddeerr 1155 mmininuutetess pprroodduucciinngg aa ppllaanntt ppooppuullaattiioonn ccoouunntt
map. I's difficult to grasp just how impressive this is, without understanding that just over a year
map. It's difficult to grasp just how impressive this is, without understanding that just over a year
ago it would have taken three to five days to process the exact same data set, illustrating the
ago it would have taken three to five days to process the exact same data set, illustrating the
advancements that have been achieved in precision agriculture and remote sensing in recent years.
advancements that have been achieved in precision agriculture and remote sensing in recent years.
With the software having been developed in the United States on the same variety of crops in
With the software having been developed in the United States on the same variety of crops in
seemingly similar conditions, the agronomist feels confident that the software will produce a near
seemingly similar conditions, the agronomist feels confident that the software will produce a near
accurate result.
accurate result.
F) As the map appears on the screen, the agronomist's face begins to drop. Having walked through
F) As the map appears on the screen, the agronomist's face begins to drop. Having walked through
the planted rows before the flight to gain a physical understanding of the situation on the ground,
the planted rows before the flight to gain a physical understanding of the situation on the ground,
he knows the instant he sees the data on his screen that the plant count is not correct, and so do
he knows the instant he sees the data on his screen that the plant count is not correct, and so do
the frmers, even with their limited understanding of how to read remote sensing maps.
the farmers, even with their limited understanding of how to read remote sensing maps.
G) Hypothetically, it is possible for machines to learn to solve any problem on earth relating to the
G) Hypothetically, it is possible for machines to learn to solve any problem on earth relating to the
physical interaction of all things within a defined or contained environment by using artificial
physical interaction of all things within a defined or contained environment by using artificial
intelligence and machine learning.
intelligence and machine learning.
HH）)R eRmeotmeo stee nsseonrsso ersn aebnlae balel gaorlgiotrhimtsh（ms算 (法 ,n）. *to) itnot eirnptreertp rae t fai eflide'lds 'se nevnivriornomnemnte nast asst asttiastitsitcicaall ddaattaa tthhaatt
can be understood and useful to farmers for decision-making. Algorithms process the data,
can be understood and useful to farmers for decision-making. Algorithms process the data,
adapting and learning based on the data received. The more inputs and statistical information
adapting and learning based on the data received. The more inputs and statistical information
collected, the better the algorithm will be at predicting a range of outcomes. And the aim is that
collected, the better the algorithm will be at predicting a range of outcomes. And the aim is that
farmers can use this artificial intelligence to achieve their goal of a better harvest through making
farmers can use this artificial intelligence to achieve their goal of a better harvest through making
better decisions in the field.
better decisions in the field.
I) In 2011, IBM, through its R&D Headquarters in Haifa,Israel, launched an agricultural cloud-
I) In 2011, IBM, through its R&D Headquarters in Haifa, Israel, launched an agricultural cloud
ccoompmuptiuntign gp rpojroejcetc.t . TTheh ep rporjoejcetc,t, iinn ccoollllaabboorraattiioonn wwiitthh aa nnuummbebre ro fo fs psepceicailailizzeedd IITT aanndd a gargircicuultltuurraall
6·6
6 · 6partners, had one goal in mind—to take a variety of academic and physical data sources from an
partners, had one goal in mind-to take a variety of academic and physical data sources from an
agricultural environment and turn these into automatic predictive solutions for farmers that would
agricultural environment and turn these into automatic predictive solutions for farmers that would
assist them in making real-time decisions in the field.
assist them in making real-time decisions in the field.
J) Interviews with some of the IBM project team members at the time revealed that the team believed it
J) Interviews with some of the IBM project team members at the time revealed that the team believed it
was entirely possible to"algorithm"agriculture,meaning that algorithms could solve any problem in
was entirely possible to "algorithm" agriculture, meaning that algorithms could solve any problem in
the world. Earlier that year, IBM's cognitive learning system, Watson, competed in the game
the world. Earlier that year, IBM's cognitive learning system, Watson, competed in the game
Jeopardy against former winners Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings with astonishing results. Several
Jeopardy against former winners Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings with astonishing results. Several
years later, Watson went on to produce ground-breaking achievements in the field of medicine.
years later, Watson went on to produce ground-breaking achievements in the field of medicine.
K) So why did the project have such success in medicine but not agriculture? Because it is one of the
K) So why did the project have such success in medicine but not agriculture? Because it is one of the
most difficult fields to contain for the purpose of statistical quantification. Even within a single
most difficult fields to contain for the purpose of statistical quantification. Even within a single
field, conditions are always changing from one section to the next. There's unpredictable weather,
field, conditions are always changing from one section to the next. There's unpredictable weather,
changes in soil quality, and the ever-present possibility that pests and diseases may pay a visit.
changes in soil quality, and the ever-present possibility that pests and diseases may pay a visit.
Growers may feel their prospects are good for an upcoming harvest, but until that day arrives, the
Growers may feel their prospects are good for an upcoming harvest, but until that day arrives, the
outcome will always be uncertain.
outcome will always be uncertain.
L) By comparison, our bodies are a contained environment. Agriculture takes place in nature,among
L) By comparison, our bodies are a contained environment. Agriculture takes place in nature, among
ecosystems of interacting organisms and activity, and crop production takes place within that
ecosystems of interacting organisms and activity, and crop production takes place within that
ecosystem environment. But these ecosystems are not contained. They are subject to climatic
ecosystem environment. But these ecosystems are not contained. They are subject to climatic
occurrences such as weather systems, which impact upon hemispheres as a whole, and from
occurrences such as weather systems, which impact upon hemispheres as a whole, and from
continent to continent. Therefore, understanding how to manage an agricultural environment means
continent to continent. Therefore, understanding how to manage an agricultural environment means
taking literally many hundreds if not thousands of factors into account.
taking literally many hundreds if not thousands of factors into account.
M) What may occur with the same seed and fertilizer program in the United States'Midwest region is
M) What may occur with the same seed and fertilizer program in the United States' Midwest region is
almost certainly unrelated to what may occur with the same seed and fertilizer program in
almost certainly unrelated to what may occur with the same seed and fertilizer program in
Australia or South Africa.A few factors that could impact on variation would typically include
Australia or South Africa. A few factors that could impact on variation would typically include
the measurement of rain per unit of a crop planted, soil type, patterns of soil degradation, daylight
the measurement of rain per unit of a crop planted, soil type, patterns of soil degradation, daylight
hours, temperature and so forth.
hours, temperature and so forth.
NN) )S oS ot hteh ep rporbolbemle wmi twh idthep dloeypilnogy imnagc hminaec hlienaer nlienagr nainndg aarntdi fairctiifailc iianl tienltleilgliegnecnec ein i na gargirciuclutluturere i iss nnoott tthhaatt
scientists lack the capacity to develop programs and protocols to begin to address the biggest of
scientists lack the capacity to develop programs and protocols to begin to address the biggest of
growers'concerns; the problem is that in most cases, no two environments will be exactly alike,
growers' concerns; the problem is that in most cases, no two environments will be exactly alike,
which makes the testing, validation and successful rollout of such technologies much more
which makes the testing, validation and successful rollout of such technologies much more
laborious than in most other industries.
laborious than in most other industries.
O0) )P rParcatciticcaallllyy,, ttoo ssaayy thtahat tA AI Ia nandd MMaacchhiinnee LLeeaarmniinngg ccaann bbee d deveevleolpoepde dt ot os oslovlve ea allll pprroobblleemms s rreellaatteedd ttoo
our physical environment is to basically say that we have a complete understanding of all aspects
our physical environment is to basically say that we have a complete understanding of all aspects
of the interaction of physical or material activity on the planet. After all, it is only through our
of the interaction of physical or material activity on the planet. After all, it is only through our
understanding of'the nature of things'that protocols and processes are designed for the rational
understanding of ' the nature of things' that protocols and processes are designed for the rational
6·7
6 • 7capabilities of cognitive systems to take place. And,although AI and Machine Learming are teaching
capabilities of cognitive systems to take place. And, although AI and Machine Leaming are teaching
us many things about how to understand our environment, we are still far from being able to predict
us many things about how to understand our environment, we are still far from being able to predict
critical outcomes in fields like agriculture purely through the cognitive ability of machines.
critical outcomes in fields like agriculture purely through the cognitive ability of machines.
P)Backed by the venture capital community, which is now investing billions of dollars in the sector,
P) Backed by the venture capital community, which is now investing billions of dollars in the sector,
most agricultural technology startups today are pushed to complete development as quickly as
most agricultural technology startups today are pushed to complete development as quickly as
possible and then encouraged to flood the market as quickly as possible with their products.
possible and then encouraged to flood the market as quickly as possible with their products.
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delivers a blow to the integrity of Machine Learning technology.In most cases, the problem is not
delivers a blow to the integrity of Machine Leaming technology. In most cases, the problem is not
that the technology does not work, the problem is that industry has not taken the time to respect
that the technology does not work, the problem is that industry has not taken the time to respect
that agriculture is one of the most uncontained environments to manage. For technology to truly
that agriculture is one of the most uncontained environments to manage. For technology to truly
make an impact on agriculture, more effort,skills, and funding is needed to test these technologies
make an impact on agriculture, more effort, skills, and :funding is needed to test these technologies
in farmers'fields.
in farmers' fields.
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by integrating these technologies into critical markets on a global scale. Only then can it make a
by integrating these technologies into critical markets on a global scale. Only then can it make a
difference to the grower, where it really counts.
difference to the grower, where it really counts.
36.Farmers will not profit from replanting once they have applied most of the fertilizer and other
36. Farmers will not profit from replanting once they have applied most of the fertilizer and other
chemicals to their fields.
chemicals to their fields.
37.Agriculture differs from the medical science of the human body in that its environment is not a
37. Agriculture differs from the medical science of the human body in that its environment is not a
Contained one.
contained one.
38.The agronomist is sure that he will obtain a near accurate count of plant population with his
38. The agronomist is sure that he will obtain a near accurate count of plant population with his
software.
software.
39.The application of artifial intelligence to agriculture is much more challenging than to most other
39. The application of artificial intelligence to agriculture is much more challenging than to most other
industries.
industries.
40.Even the farmers know the data provided by the UAV is not correct.
40. Even the farmers know the data provided by the UAV is not correct.
41.The pressure for quick results leads to product failure, which, in turn, arouses doubts about the
41. The pressure for quick results leads to product failure, which, in tum, arouses doubts about the
applicability of AI technology to agriculture.
applicability of AI technology to agriculture.
42. Remote sensors are aimed to help farmers improve decision-making to increase yields.
42. Remote sensors are aimed to help farmers improve decision-making to increase yields.
43. The farmer expects the software to tell him whether he will have to replant any parts of his farm
43. The farmer expects the software to tell him whether he will have to replant any parts of his farm
feld.
fields.
6· 8
6• 844. Agriculture proves very difficult to quantify because of the constantly changing conditions involved.
44. Agriculture proves very difficult to quantify because of the constantly changing conditions involved.
45.The same seed and fertilizer program may yield completely different outcomes in different places.
45. The same seed and fertilizer program may yield completely different outcomes in different places.
Section C
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and
D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
What is the place of art in a culture of inattention? Recent visitors to the Louvre report that
What is the place of art in a culture of inattention? Recent visitors to the Louvre report that
tourists can now spend only a minute in front of the Mona Lisa before being asked to move on. Much
tourists can now spend only a minute in front of the Mona Lisa before being asked to move on. Much
of that time, for some of them,is spent taking photographs not even of the painting but of themselves
of that time, for some of them, is spent taking photographs not even of the painting but of themselves
with the painting in the background.
with the painting in the background.
One view is that we have democratised tourism and gallery-going so much that we have made it
One view is that we have democratised tourism and gallery-going so much that we have made it
effectively impossible to appreciate what we've travelled to see. In this oversubscribed society,
effectively impossible to appreciate what we've travelled to see. In this oversubscribed society,
experience becomes a commodity like any other. There are queues to climb Mt.Jolmo Lungma as
experience becomes a commodity like any other. There are queues to climb Mt. Jolmo Lungma as
well as to see famous paintings. Leisure, thus conceived, is hard labour,and returning to work
well as to see famous paintings. Leisure, thus conceived, is hard labour, and returning to work
becomes a well-earned break from the ordeal.
becomes a well-earned break from the ordeal.
What gets lost in this industrialised haste is the quality of looking. Consider an extreme example,
What gets lost in this industrialised haste is the quality of looking. Consider an extreme example,
the late philosopher Richard Wollheim. When he visited the Louvre he could spent as much as four
the late philosopher Richard Wollheim. When he visited the Louvre he could spent as much as four
hours sitting before a painting. The first hour, he claimed, was necessary for misperceptions to be
hours sitting before a painting. The first hour, he claimed, was necessary for misperceptions to be
eliminated. It was only then that the picture would begin to disclose itself. This seems unthinkable
eliminated. It was only then that the picture would begin to disclose itself. This seems unthinkable
today, but it is stll possible to organise.Even in the busiest museums there are many rooms and many
today, but it is still possible to organise. Even in the busiest museums there are many rooms and many
pictures worth hours of contemplation which the crowds largely ignore. Sometimes the largest crowds
pictures worth hours of contemplation which the crowds largely ignore. Sometimes the largest crowds
are partly the products of bad management; the Mona Lisa is such a hurried experience today partly
are partly the products of bad management; the Mona Lisa is such a hurried experience today partly
because the museum is being reorganised. The Uffizi in Florence, another site of cultural pilgrimage,
because the museum is being reorganised. The Uffizi in Florence, another site of cultural pilgrimage,
has cut its entry queues down to seven minutes by clever management. And there are some forms of
has cut its entry queues down to seven minutes by clever management. And there are some forms of
art, those designed to be spectacles as well as objects of contemplation, which can work perfectly well
art, those designed to be spectacles as well as objects of contemplation, which can work perfectly well
in the face of huge crowds.
in the face of huge crowds.
Olafur Elasson's current Tate Modern show, for instance, might seem nothing more than an
Olafur Eliasson's current Tate Modern show, for instance, might seem nothing more than an
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installations. But it's more than that: where Eliasson is at his most entertaining,he is at his most serious
installations. But it's more than that: where Eliasson is at his most entertaining, he is at his most serious
too,and his disorienting installations bring home the reality of the destructive effects we are having
too, and his disorienting installations bring home the reality of the destructive effects we are having
on the planet—not least what we are doing to the glaciers of Eliasson's beloved Iceland.
on the planet-not least what we are doing to the glaciers of Eliasson's beloved Iceland.
6· 9
6 • 9Marcel Proust, another lover of the Louvre, wrote:"It is only through art that we can escape
Marcel Proust, another lover of the Louvre, wrote: " It is only through art that we can escape
from ourselves and know how another person sees the universe, whose landscapes would otherwise
from ourselves and know how another person sees the universe, whose landscapes would otherwise
have remained as unknown as any on the moon."If any art remains.worth seeing, it must lead us to
have remained as unknown as any on the moon." If any art remains-worth seeing, it must lead us to
such escapes. But a minute in front of a painting in a hurried crowd won't do that.
such escapes. But a minute in front of a painting in a hurried crowd won't do that.
46.What does the scene at the Louvre demonstrate according to the author?
46. What does the scene at the Louvre demonstrate according to the author?
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47. Why did the late philosopher Richard Wollheim spend four hours before a picture?
4 7. Why did the late philosopher Richard Wollheim spend four hours before a picture?
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BB)I)t I ti sis qquuititee ccoommmomn otno tomi smiinstienrtperrpetre ta ratritissttiicc wwoorrkkss..
CC) )T Theh el olnognegre rp epoepolep lec ocnotenmteplmaptela tae pai cptiucrtue,re ,t hteh em omreo rlei kliekleyl yt htheye yw iwlill l eennjojoyy i tit..
D) The more time one spends before a painting, the more valuable one finds it.
D) The more time one spends before a painting, the more valuable one finds it.
48. What does the case of the Uffizi in Florence show?
48. What does the case of the Uffizi in Florence show?
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49. What do we learn from Olafur Eliasson's current Tate Modern show?
49. What do we learn from Olafur Eliasson's current Tate Modern show?
A) Children learn to appreciate art works most effectively while they are playing.
A) Children learn to appreciate art works most effectively while they are playing.
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DD) )S oSmoem feo fromrsm os fo afr atr t ccaann aaccccoommmomdaotdea teh uhgueg cer corwodws dosf ovfi vsiistitoorrss..
50. What can art do according to Marcel Proust?
50. What can art do according to Marcel Proust?
A) Enable us to live a much fuller life.
A) Enable us to live a much fuller life.
BB) )A lAllolwo wu su ts ot oe secsacpaep et hteh eh ahrasrhs hr eraelailittyy..
C) Help us to see the world from a different perspective.
C) Help us to see the world from a different perspective.
D) Urge us to explore the unknown domain of the universe.
D) Urge us to explore the unknown domain of the universe.
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Every five years, the government tries to tell Americans what to put in their bellies. Eat more
Every five years, the government tries to tell Americans what to put in their bellies. Eat more
vegetables. Dial back the fats.Its all based on the best available science for leading a healthy life.But
vegetables. Dial back the fats. It's all based on the best available science for leading a healthy life. But
6.10
6 · 10the best available science also has a lot to say about what those food choices do to the environment,
the best available science also has a lot to say about what those food choices do to the environment,
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Broadly, the 2016-2020 dietary recommendations aim for balance: More vegetables, leaner
Broadly, the 2016 -2020 dietary recommendations aim for balance: More vegetables, leaner
meats and far less sugar.
meats and far less sugar.
But Americans consume more calories per capita than almost any other country in the world. So
But Americans consume more calories per capita than almost any other country in the world. So
the things Americans eat have a huge impact on climate change. Soil tilling releases carbon dioxide,
the things Americans eat have a huge impact on climate change. Soil tilling releases carbon dioxide,
and delivery vehicles emit exhaust. The govemment's dietary guidelines could have done a lot to
and delivery vehicles emit exhaust. The government's dietary guidelines could have done a lot to
lloowwere rt htahta tc clliimmataete c coosts.t.N Notojut sjtu sbte bcaeucsaeu soef otfh ethire irp opsoistiitoion no fo fa uatuhtohroirtityy:: TThhe eg guiudiedleilninees sd drriivvee b biilllliioonnss ooff
dollars of food production through federal programs like school lunches and nutrition assistance for
dollars of food production through federal programs like school lunches and nutrition assistance for
the needy.
the needy.
On its own, plant and animal agriculture contributes 9 percent of all the country's greenhouse gas
On its own, plant and animal agriculture contributes 9 percent of all the country's greenhouse gas
emissions. That's not counting the fuel burned in transportation, processing, refrigeration, and other
emissions. That's not counting the fuel burned in transportation, processing, refrigeration, and other
waypoints between farm and belly. Red meats are among the biggest and most notorious emitters, but
waypoints between farm and belly. Red meats are among the biggest and most notorious emitters, but
trucking a salad from Califoria to Minnesota in January also carries a significant burden. And
trucking a salad from California to Minnesota in January also carries a significant burden. And
greenhouse gas emissions aren't the whole story. Food production is the largest user of fresh water,
greenhouse gas emissions aren't the whole story. Food production is the largest user of fresh water,
largest contributor to the loss of biodiversity,and a major contributor to using up natural resources.
largest contributor to the loss of biodiversity, and a major contributor to using up natural resources.
All of these points and more showed up in the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee's
All of these points and more showed up in the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee's
scientific report, released last February. Miriam Nelson chaired the subcommittee in charge of
scientific report, released last February. Miriam Nelson chaired the subcommittee in charge of
sustainability for the report, and is disappointed that eating less meat and buying local food aren't in
sustainability for the report, and is disappointed that eating less meat and buying local food aren't in
the final product."Especially if you consider that eating less meat, especially red and processed, has
the final product. "Especially if you consider that eating less meat, especially red and processed, has
health benefits," she says.
health benefits," she says.
So what happened? The official response is that sustainability falls too far outside the guidelines'
So what happened? The official response is that sustainability falls too far outside the guidelines'
official scope, which is to provide"nutritional and dietary information."
official scope, which is to provide "nutritional and dietary information."
Possbly the agencies in charge of drafting the decisions are too close to the industries they are
Possibly the agencies in charge of drafting the decisions are too close to the industries they are
supposed to regulate. On one hand, the USDA is compiling dietary advice.On the other, their clients
supposed to regulate. On one hand, the USDA is compiling dietary advice. On the other, their clients
are US agriculture companies.
are US agriculture companies.
The line about keeping the guidelines'scope to nutrition and diet doesn't ring quite right with
The line about keeping the guidelines' scope to nutrition and diet doesn't ring quite right with
researchers. David Wallinga, for example,says,"In previous guidelines, they've always been
researchers. David Wallinga, for example, says, " In previous guidelines, they've always been
concerned with things like fod security—which is presumably the mission of the USDA.You
concerned with things like food security-which is presumably the mission of the USDA. You
absolutely need to be worried about climate impacts and future sustainability if you want secure food
absolutely need to be worried about climate impacts and future sustainability if you want secure food
in the future."
in the future."
51. Why are some researchers iritated at the USDA's 2016-2020 Dietary Guidelines?
51. Why are some researchers irritated at the USDA's 2016-2020 Dietary Guidelines?
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6.11
6 • 1152.Why does the author say the USDA could have contributed a lot to lowering the climate cost
52. Why does the author say the USDA could have contributed a lot to lowering the climate cost
through its dietary guidelines?
through its dietary guidelines?
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53. What do we learn from the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committe's scientific report?
53. What do we learn from the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee's scientific report?
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CC) )MoMdeordne mag raigcruilctuulrtuer eh ahsa si nicnrceraesaesde df ofoodo dd idvievresristityy..
DD) )FFaramrmiingn gc ocnosnusmuems emso smto sotf oofu or unra ntauturarla lr reessoouurrcceess..
54. What may account for the neglect of sustainability in the USDA's Dietary Guidelines according to
54. What may account for the neglect of sustainability in the USDA's Dietary Guidelines according to
the author?
the author?
AA) )ItItss eexxcclluussiivvee ccoonncceerrnn wwitithh AAmemreirciacnans's'' ffoooodd s asaffeettyy..
BB) )ItIsts ssoollee rreessppoonnsisbibiilliityty foforr pprroovviiddiinngg ddiieettararyy aaddvviiccee..
CC) )ItIsts cclloossee ttiieess wwiithth ththee aagrgriiccuulltuturere c ocommppaanniieess..
DD) )ItIsts aalllleeggeedd f afaiilluurree ttoo rreegguullaattee tthhee iinndduuststrriieess..
55. What should the USDA do to achieve food security according to David Wallinga?
55. What should the USDA do to achieve food security according to David Wallinga?
AA) )GiGveiv teo tpo ppr iporrioitriyt yt oto t hthininggs sl ilikkee nnuuttrriittiioonn aanndd ffoooodd sseeccuuririttyy..
BB) )EnEdnedaevaovr otro t oe nesnusruer et hthe es ussutsatianinaabblele ddeevveeloloppmemnetn ot fo fa gargirciuclutltuurree..
CC) )FuFluillfill li ittss mmiissssiioonn bbyy cclloosseellyy ccoooopepreartaitinngg w witiht ht hthe ei innddusutsrtriieess..
DD) )StSutudyd yt hthee l loonngg--tteerrmm iimmpapcatc t ooff cclliimmaattee cchhaannggee oonn ffoooodd pprroodduuccttiioonn..
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Diretions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translatea passage from Chinese into English.
Directions: For thi,s part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into Engli.sh.
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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米之上，是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统，
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在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施，以确保其成为一条"绿色铁路"。青藏铁路大大
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缩短了中国内地与西藏之间的旅行时间。更重要的是，它极大地促进了西藏的经济发展，改善
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了当地居民的生活。铁路开通后，愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏，这样还有机会欣赏沿线
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的美景。
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Writing
Part I
(30 minutes)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
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Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on why students should be
Directions: For th�s part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on why students should be
encouraged to develop creativity.You shoull write at least 150 words but no more
encouraged to develop creativity. You should write al least 150 words but no more
than. 200 words.
than 200 words.
6·12
6 • 12
