文档内容
TESTFORENGLISH MAJORS (2018)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIME LIMIIT：150MIN
PARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION（25MIN）
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the
mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You
mayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.
Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.
SECTIONB INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of
each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken
ONCE ONLY.After eachquestion there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four
choicesof[A],[B],[C],and[D],andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.
NowlistentoPartOneoftheinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.
1.[A]Announcementofresults. [B]Lackofatimeschedule.
[C]Slownessinballotscounting. [D]Directionoftheelectoralevents.
2.[A]OthervoiceswithinAfghanistanwantedso. [B]Thedatehadbeensetpreviously.
[C]Alltheballotshadbeencounted. [D]TheUNadvisedthemtodoso.
3.[A]Tocalmthevoters. [B]Tospeeduptheprocess.
[C]Tosticktotheelectionrules. [D]Tostopcomplaintsfromthelabor.
4.[A]Unacceptable. [B]Unreasonable. [C]Insensible. [D]Ill-considered.
5.[A]Supportive. [B]Ambivalent. [C]Opposed. [D]Neutral.
NowlisteningtoPartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.
6.[A]Ensurethegovernmentincludesallparties. [B]Discusswhoisgoingtobethewinner.
[C]Supervisethecountingofvotes. [D]Seeksupportfromimportantsectors.
7.[A]36%-24%. [B]46%-34%. [C]56%-44%. [D]66%-54%.
8.[A]Bothcandidates. [B]Electoralinstitutions.
[C]TheUnitedNations. [D]Notspecified.
9.[A]Itwasunheardof. [B]Itwasonasmallscale.
[C]Itwasinsignificant. [D]Itoccurredelsewhere.
10.[A]Problemsintheelectoralprocess. [B]Formationofanewgovernment.
[C]Prematureannouncementofresults. [D]DemocracyinAfghanistan.PARTⅡ READING COMPREHENSION（45MIN）
SECTIONA MULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the one that you think
isthebestanswerandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
(1) “Britain’s best export,” I was told by the Department of Immigration in Canberra, “is people.” Close
on100,000people have applied for assistedpassages inthe firstfive months of the year,andhalf of these are
eventuallyexpectedtomigratetoAustralia.
(2) TheAustralian are delighted. They are keenly ware that without a strong flow of immigrants into the
workforce the development of theAustralian economy is unlikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently
envisaged. The new mineral discoveries promise a splendid future, and the injection of huge amounts of
American and British capital should help to ensure that they are properly exploited, but with unemployment
inAustralia down to less than 1.3 per cent, the government is understandably anxious to attract more skilled
labor.
(3) Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States, but has only twelve million
inhabitants.Migrationhasaccountedforhalfthepopulationincreaseinthelastfouryears,andhascontributed
greatly to the country’s impressive economic development. Britain has always been the principal source –
ninety per cent ofAustralians are of British descent, and Britain has provided one million migrants since the
SecondWorldWar.
(4)Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere. Australians decided they had
an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called “guest workers” who have crossed their own
frontiers to work in other arts of Europe. There were estimated to be more than four million of them, and a
largenumberwereofferedsubsidizedpassagesandguaranteedjobsinAustralia.Italyhasforsome yearsbeen
the second biggest source of migrants, and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of
GreeksandGermans.
(5) One drawbackwith them, so far as theAustralians are concerned, is that integrationtends tobe more
difficult. Unlike the British, continental migrants have to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new
customs. Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in cities
such as Sydney and Melbourne. These colonies have their own newspapers, their own shops, and their own
clubs.TheirinhabitantsarenotAustralians,butEuropeans.
(6) The government’s avowed aim, however, is to maintain “a substantially homogeneous society into
which newcomers, from whatever sources, will merge themselves”. By and large, therefore, Australia still
prefersBritishmigrants,andtendstoberatherlessselectiveintheircasethanitiswithothers.
(7)Afar bigger cause of concerns than the growthof national groups,however, is the increasing number
of migrants who return to their countries of origin. One reason is that people nowadays tend to be more
mobile, and that it is easier than in the past to save the return fare, but economic conditions also have
something to do with it. A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent – and if this coincides with
greaterprosperityinEurope,alotofpeopletendtofeelthatperhapstheywerewrongtocomehereafterall.
(8) Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home. One noted that
“flies, dirt, and outside lavatories” were on the list of complaints from British immigrants, and added that
manypeoplealsocomplainedabout“thecrudity,badmanners,andunfriendlinessoftheAustralians”.Another
surveygave climate conditions, homesickness, and“thestarkappearanceoftheAustraliancountryside” asthe
mainreasonsforleaving.(9) Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme, and their relatives and
former neighbor.Loneliness is a bigfactor,especially among housewives.The men soon make new friends at
work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound
because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old
friendsathome onlyservestoincreasetheirdiscontent.Onehousewifewasquotedrecentlyassaying: “Ieven
findImissthepeopleIusedtohateathome.”
(10) Rent are high, and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes. Sickness can be an
expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough. The gap betweenAustralian and British wage
packets is no longer big, and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home.
Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job. Above all, perhaps, skilled
immigrantsoftenfindsaconsiderablereluctancetoaccepttheirqualifications.
(11) According to the journal Australian Manufacturer, the attitude of many employers and fellow
workersisanythingbutfriendly.“WeAustralians,”itstatedinarecentissue,“arejusttoofondofpaintingthe
rosy picture of the big, warm-heartedAussie.As a matter of fact, we are so busy blowing our own trumpets
that we have not not time to be warm-hearted and considerate. Go down ‘heart-break alley’among some of
themigrantsandfindoutjusthowexpansivetheAussieistohisimmigrants.”
11.TheAustralianswantastrongflowofimmigrantsbecause .
[A]Immigrantsspeedupeconomicexpansion
[B]unemploymentisdowntoalowfigure
[C]immigrantsattractforeigncapital
[D]AustraliaisaslargeastheUnitedStates
12.AustraliaprefersimmigrantsfromBritainbecause .
[A]theyareselectedcarefullybeforeentry
[B]theyarelikelytoformnationalgroups
[C]theyeasilymergeintolocalcommunities
[D]theyarefondoflivinginsmalltowns
13.InexplainingwhysomemigrantsreturntoEuropetheauthor .
[A]stressestheireconomicmotives
[B]emphasizesthevarietyoftheirmotives
[C]stresseslonelinessandhomesickness
[D]emphasizesthedifficultiesofmenoverforty
14.whichofthefollowingwordsisusedliterally,notmetaphorically?
[A]“flow”(Para.2). [B]“injection”(Para.2).
[C]“gravitate”(Para.5). [D]“selective”(Para.6).
15.Para.11picturestheAustraliansas .
[A]unsympathetic [B]ungenerous
[C]undemonstrative [D]unreliable
PASSAGETWO
(1) Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance at tasks involving “executive
function” (whichinvolves the brain’s abilitytoplan andprioritize), betterdefense against dementia inoldage
and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second language. One purported advantage was not mentioned,
though.Manymultilingualsreport differentpersonalities,or evendifferentworldviews, whentheyspeaktheir
differentlanguages.
(2)It’sanexcitingnotion,theideathatone’sveryselfcouldbebroadenedbythemasteryoftwoormorelanguages. In obvious ways (exposure to new friends, literature and so forth) the self really is broadened.Yet
itisdifferenttoclaim—asmanypeopledo—tohaveadifferentpersonalitywhenusingadifferentlanguage.A
former Economist colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English. So what is going
onhere?
(3) Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a
worldviewthatsignificantlyinfluencesitsspeakers.Oftencalled“Whorfianism”,thisideahasitssceptics,but
therearestillgoodreasonstobelievelanguageshapesthought.
(4) This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language.
Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual. Many have learned one language at home from
parents, and another later in life, usually at school. So bilinguals usually have different strengths and
weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language. For example,
whentestedina foreign language,people arelesslikelytofallintoa cognitive trap(answeringa testquestion
with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer) than when tested in their native language. In part this is because
workinginasecondlanguage slows downthe thinking.Nowonderpeoplefeeldifferentwhenspeakingthem.
And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the
languagetheywererearedinfromchildhood.
(5) What of “crib” bilinguals, raised in two languages? Even they do not usually have perfectly
symmetrical competence in their two languages. But even for a speaker whose two languages are very nearly
the same in ability, there is another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages. This is
becausethereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenbilingualismandbiculturalism.
(6) Many bilinguals are not bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be
little surprised that they feel different in their two languages. Experiments in psychology have shown the
power of “priming”—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways. Asking people to tell a
happystory,for example, will put them in a better mood.The choice between two languages is a huge prime.
SpeakingSpanish rather thanEnglish, for a bilingual andbicultural Puerto Rican inNewYork, might conjure
feelingsoffamilyandhome.SwitchingtoEnglishmightprimethesamepersontothinkofschoolandwork.
(7) So there are two very good reasons (asymmetrical ability, and priming) that make people feel
different speaking their different languages. We are still left with a third kind of argument, though. An
economistrecentlyinterviewedhereatProspero,AthanasiaChalari,saidforexamplethat:
Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often. The reasonfor that is the Greek grammar
and syntax. When Greeks talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of
information so you already know what they are talking about after the first word and can interrupt more
easily.
(8) Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeks to interrupt? People seem
to enjoy telling tales about their languages’ inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers. A
group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal
language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision. Some Germans believe that
frequentlyputtingtheverbattheendofasentencemakesthelanguageespeciallylogical.Butlanguagemyths
arenotalwaysself-flattering:manyspeakersthinktheirlanguagesareunusuallyillogicalordifficult—witness
the plethora of books along the lines of “Only in Englishdo you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway;
English must be the craziest language in the world!” We also see some unsurprising overlap with national
stereotypesandself-stereotypes:French,rigorous;German,logical;English,playful.Ofcourse.
(9) In this case, Ms Chalari, a scholar, at least proposed a specific and plausible line of causation from
grammar to personality: in Greek, the verb comes first, and it carries a lot of information, hence easy
interrupting. The problem is that many unrelated languages all around the worldput the verb at the beginning
ofsentences.Manylanguagesallaroundtheworldareheavilyinflected,encodinglotsofinformationinverbs.
It wouldbe a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages hadspeakers more prone to interrupting eachother.Welsh,forexample,isalsobothverb-firstandaboutasheavilyinflectedasGreek,buttheWelsharenot
knownaspushyconversationalists.
16.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingadvantagesofbilingualismiscommonlyaccepted?
[A]Personalityimprovement. [B]Bettertaskperformance.
[C]Changeofworldviews. [D]Avoidanceofold-agedisease.
17.Accordingtothepassage,thatlanguageinfluencesthoughtmayberelatedto .
[A]thevocabularyofasecondlanguage
[B]thegrammarofasecondlanguage
[C]theimprovedtestperformanceinasecondlanguage
[D]theslowdownofthinkinginasecondlanguage
18.Whatistheauthor’sresponsetothequestionatthebeginningofPara.8?
[A]It’sjustoneofthepopulartalesofnationalstereotypes.
[B]Somepropertiesinherentcanmakealanguagelogical.
[C]GermanandFrencharegoodexamplesofWhorfianism.
[D]Thereisadequateevidencetosupportapositiveanswer.
19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningPara.9iscorrect?
[A]Ms.Chalari’stheoryabouttheGreeklanguageiswellgrounded.
[B]Speakersofmanyotherlanguagesarealsopronetointerrupting.
[C]Grammarisunnecessarilyaconditionforchangeinpersonality.
[D]Manyunrelatedlanguagesdon’thavethesamefeaturesasGreek.
20.Indiscussingtheissue,theauthor’sattitudeis .
[A]satirical [B]objective [C]critical [D]ambivalent
PASSAGETHREE
(1) Once across the river and into the wholesale district, she glanced about her for some likely door at
which to apply.As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being
gazed upon and understood for what she was—a wage-seeker. She had never done this thing before and
lackedcourage.Toavoidconspicuityandacertainindefinableshame shefeltatbeingcaughtspyingaboutfor
some place where she might apply for a position, she quickened her steps and assumed an air of indifference
supposedlycommontooneuponanerrand.Inthiswayshepassedmanymanufacturingandwholesalehouses
withoutonce glancingin.At last,after several blocks of walking, she feltthat this wouldnotdo,andbegan to
look about again, though without relaxing her pace. A little way on she saw a great door which, for some
reasonattractedherattention.Itwasornamentedbyasmallbrasssign,andseemedtobetheentrancetoavast
hive of six or seven floors. “Perhaps,” she thought, “they may want someone,” and crossed over to enter,
screwinguphercourageasshewent.Whenshecame withinascoreoffeetofthedesiredgoal,sheobserveda
young gentleman in a grey clerk suit, fumbling his watch-chain and looking out. That he had anything to do
with the concern she could not tell, but because he happened to be looking in her direction, her weakening
heartmisgave herandshehurriedby,tooovercome withshametoenterin.Afterseveralblocks ofwalking,in
which the uproar of the streets and the novelty of the situation had time to wear away the effect of her first
defeat, she again looked about. Over the way stood a great six-story structure labeled “Storm and King,”
which she viewed with rising hope. It was a wholesale dry goods concern and employed women. She could
see them moving about now and then upon the upper floors. This place she decided to enter, no matter what.
She crossed over andwalked directlytoward the entrance.As she didso two men came out and paused inthe
door. A telegraph messenger in blue dashed past her and up the few steps which graced the entrance anddisappeared. Severalpedestrians outof thehurrying throngwhichfilledthe sidewalks passedabouther as she
paused, hesitating. She looked helplessly around and then, seeing herself observed, retreated. It was too
difficultatask.Shecouldnotgopastthem.
(2) So severe a defeat told sadly upon her nerves. She could scarcely understand her weakness and yet
shecouldnot thinkof gazinginquiringlyaboutuponthesurroundingscene.Her feetcarriedhermechanically
forward, everyfoot of her progress beinga satisfactory portionof a flight whichshe gladly made. Blockafter
block passed by.Upon streetlamps at the various corners she read names such as Madison, Monroe, La Salle,
Clark, Dearborn; andstill she went, her feet beginning to tire upon the broad stone flagging. She was pleased
in part that the streets were bright and clean.The morning sun shining down with steadily increasing warmth
made the shady side of the streets pleasantly cool. She looked at the blue sky overhead with more realization
ofitscharmthanhadevercometoherbefore.
(3) Her cowardice began to trouble her in a way. She turned back along the street she had come,
resolvingto huntup Storm and Kingand enter.On the way she encountereda great wholesale shoe company,
throughthebroadplatewindowsofwhichshesawanenclosedexecutive department,hiddenbyfrostedglass.
Without this enclosure, but just withinthe street entrance, sat a grey-haired gentleman at a small table, with a
large openledger of some kindbefore him.She walkedbythis institutionseveraltimes hesitating, butfinding
herself unobserved she eventually gathered sufficient courage to falter past the screen door and stood humble
waiting.
(4) “Well, young lady,” observed the old gentleman, looking at her somewhat kindly— “what is it you
wish?”
(5)“Iam,thatis,doyou—Imean,doyouneedanyhelp?”shestammered.
(6) “Not just at present,” he answered smiling. “Not just at present. Come in some time next week.
Occasionallyweneedsomeone.”
(7) She received the answer in silence and backed awkwardly out. The pleasant nature of her reception
rather astonished her. She had expected that it would be more difficult, that something cold and harsh would
be said—she knew not what. That she had not been put to shame and made to feel her unfortunate position
seemedremarkable.Shedidnotrealizethatitwasjustthiswhichmadeherexperienceeasy,buttheresultwas
thesame.Shefeltgreatlyrelieved.
(8) Somewhat encouraged, she ventured into another large structure. It was a clothing company, and
morepeoplewereinevidence.
(9)Anofficeboyapproachedher.
(10)“Whoisityouwishtosee?”heasked.
(11)“Iwanttoseethemanager,”shereturned.
(12) He ranawayandspoke toone of a groupof three men whowere conferringtogether.One broke off
ancametowardsher.
(13)“Well?”hesaid,coldly.Thegreetingdroveallcouragefromheratonce.
(14)“Doyouneedanyhelp?”shestammered.
(15)“No,”herepliedabruptlyandturneduponhisheel.
(16) She went foolishly out, the office boy deferentially swinging the door for her, and gladly sank into
theobscuringcrowd.Itwasasevereset-backtoherrecentlypleasedmentalstate.
21.Shequickenedherstepsbecauseshe .
[A]wasafraidofbeingseenasastranger
[B]wasinahurrytoleavethedistrict
[C]wantedtolooklikesomeoneworkingthere
[D]wantedtoapplyatmorefactoriesthatday22.Whydidn’tsheenterStormandKingthefirsttime?
[A]Shewastootimidtoenterthebuilding
[B]Twomenstoppedherattheentrance
[C]Severalpedestrianshadfoundherstrange
[D]Themessengerhadclosedthedoorbehindhim
23. What does “every foot of her progress being a satisfactory portion of a flight which she gladly made”
meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.2)?
[A]Shethoughtshewasmakingprogressinjobsearch.
[B]Shewasgladthatshewaslookingforajob.
[C]Shefoundherexperiencesatisfactory.
[D]Shejustwantedtoleavetheplace.
24.Whydidshefeelgreatlyrelieved(Para.7)?
[A]Sheeventuallymanagedtoenterthebuilding.
[B]Shewaskindlyreceivedbytheclerk.
[C]Shehadthecouragetomakeaninquiry.
[D]Shewaspromisedaworkposition.
SECTIONB SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer
eachquestioninNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
25.Whatdo“promise”and“should”inPara.2implyaboutauthor’svisionofAustralia’seconomy？
26.Explainthemeaningof“thegrowthofnationalgroups”accordingtothecontext(Para.7).
PASSAGETWO
27. Explain the meaning of “The choice between two languages is a huge prime.” according to the context
(Para.6)
28. What reasons does the author give to explain why people feel different when speaking different
languages？
29.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthepassage?
PASSAGETHREE
30. Select and write down at least THREE words or phrases in Para. 1 describing the girl’s inner feelings
whilewalkinginthestreetslookingforajob.
31.Explainthemeaningof“Sosevereadefeattoldsadlyuponhernerves.”accordingtothecontext(Para.2).
32. In “It was a severe set-back to her recently pleased mental state.” (Para. 16), what does “her recently
pleasedmentalstate”refertoaccordingtothecontext?PARTIII LANGUAGE USAGE（15MIN）
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each
case,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:
Forawrongword, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the
blankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Foramissingword, markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signand
write the word you believe to be missing in the blank
providedattheendoftheline.
Foranunnecessaryword, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the
wordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
EXAMPLE
When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit, (1) an
itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2) never
themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum
wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit. (3) exhibit
ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.
PARTIV TRANSLATION（20MIN）
Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your
translationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.
文学书籍起码使我们的内心可以达到这样的三感：善感、敏感和美感。生活不如意时， 文学书
籍给我们提供了可以达到一种比现实更美好的境界——书里面的水可能比我们现实生活中的水要
清，天比我们现实中的天要蓝； 现实中没有完美的爱情，但在书里有永恒的《梁山伯与祝英台》和
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。读书，会弥补我们现实生活中所存在的不堪和粗糙。
PARTV WRITING（45MIN）
The following are two excerpts about job hopping. Read the two excerpts carefully and write
anarticleofNOLESSTHAN300WORDS,inwhichyoushould:
1.summarizethemainideasinthetwoexcerpts,andthen
2. express your opiniononperfection,especiallyonwhether aimingfor perfectionmattersinwhatever you
do.
Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
WriteyourarticleonANSWERSHEETFOURExcerpt1
Headmistresstellspupilsnottofretaboutexams
Pupilsshouldnotworryabouttheirexamresultsbecausenoonewillremembertheminyearstocome,
theheadofaleadinggirls’schoolhassaid.
JudithCarlisle,headmistressofOxfordHighSchool,saidtherewasnopointfrettingoverGCSEs
becausenoonewill“giveadamn”aboutresult—andbecausetheydon’treflectcharacter.
Sheisrunninga“DeathofLittleMissPerfect”initiativeattheprivateschooltocombatperfectionism
inherstudents.
“Perfectionismisonlycapturedinamoment—it’snotachievablelongerterm,”shesaid,“It
underminesself-esteemandthenperformance.”
MissCarlislesaidthatstudentsdon’talwaysneedtoaimfor100percent,andiftheydoneedanA
gradetoattendtheiruniversityofchoice,it’snotnecessarytogetthehighestApossible.
Shesaid:“Itmatters,butsometimesitprobablywon’tmatter.It’simportant(thegirlsare)notgoing
forthingsthatiftheydon’tgetit,itwilldestroythem.Examsaren’twhotheyare—it’swhattheydidon
thatday.”
Shesaid:“There’sunhelpfulperfectionismasopposedtohighstandards.It’snotthatwe’reaimingto
underminehighstandards—itwillactuallyhelpyouachievehigherstandards.”
Excerpt2
THEPURSUITOFPERFECTION
The pursuit of perfection is a strategy for motivating organization to innovate and reach levels of
improvement and performance not previously seen as possible. Leveraging the pursuit of perfection as a
strategy was developed and refined by quality leaders such as Bob Galvin and Paul O’Neill, and it has led
tosuccessinindustriesincludinghealthcare,telecommunication,andmanufacturing.
Prior to serving as U.S Secretary of the Treasury, Paul O’Neill was one of the most successful
industrial leaders of the 20th century.As CEO ofAlcoa from 1987 to 1999, he proposed and demanded a
radical goal: zero work-loss incidents. No one would be hurt working at Alcoa. Alcoa moved toward
perfection, becoming the safest industrial companyinthe world—as wellas the most successfulaluminum
producerintheworld.
Paul O’Neill has developed a revolutionary kind of leadership—one that centers around the pursuit of
perfection.ANSWERSHEET1(TEM8)
PART Ⅰ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
LanguageandHumanity
Languageispowerfulanditcanhelpusdoorgetthingsaswewish.
Languageasaborntrait
Languagehasevolvedonlyin（1）________. (1)__________
Comparisonbetweenchimpanzeesandhumanbeings：
—Chimpanzees
—useoftools：onceseenasasignof（2）________ (2)__________
—inabilityto（3）________ (3)__________
—tendencyto（4）________ (4)__________
—Humanbeings
—abletoimproveandbuildon（5）________ (5)__________
一ableto（6）________ideas (6)__________
Languageandsociallearning
Problemofsociallearning：（7）________ (7)__________
—Cause：
—stealingothers’ ideasby（8）________ (8)__________
—Solution：
—（9）________developedtoshareideas (9)__________
Results
—（10）________madeavailabletoeveryindividual (10)__________
—languageassocialtechnologytoenhance（11）________ (11)__________
Languageandthemodernworld
Existenceofmanydifferentlanguageshasledto
—separationofcooperativegroups
—(12)________ (12)__________
—knowledgeprotection
—slowflowofideasandtendencytoward(13)________ (13)__________
Globalizationneeds(14)________. (14)__________
(15)________hindercooperation. (15)__________
Solution:oneworldwithonelanguageANSWERAHEET2(TEM8)
PART Ⅰ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONB 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D]
2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D]
3.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D]
4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D]
5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D]
PART Ⅱ PEADING COMPREHENSION
SECTIONA 11.[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D] 21.[A][B][C][D]
12.[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D]
13.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D]
14.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 24.[A][B][C][D]
15.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D]
SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
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32..........................................................................................................................................................................ANSWERSHEET3(TEM8)
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
Massmediaismediathatisintendedforalargeaudience.Itmay
taketheformofbroadcastmedia,asincaseoftelevisionandradio,or (1)__________
printmedia,asnewspapersandmagazines. (2)__________
Usually,massmediaaimstoreachaverylargemarket,suchas
theentirepopulationofacountry.Bycontrast,localmediacoversa
muchsmallpopulationandarea,focusingonregionalnewsofinterest, (3)__________
specialtymediaisprovidedforparticulardemographicgroups.Some (4)__________
localmediaoutletsthatcoverstateorprovincialnewsmayraiseto (5)__________
prominencethankstotheirinvestigativejournalism,andtotheclout
thattheirparticularregionshaveinthenationalpolitics.
Peopleoftenthinkofmassmediaasthenews,italsoincludes (6)__________
entertainmentliketelevisionshows,books,andfilms.Itmayalsobe
educationalinthenature,asintheinstanceofpublicbroadcasting (7)__________
stationsthatprovideeducationalprogramstoanationalaudience.
Politicalcommunicationsincludingpropagandaarealsofrequently
distributedthroughthemedia,aswerepublicserviceannouncements (8)__________
andemergencyalerts.
Whenelitistsmaybetemptedtosneeratmassmedia,referringto (9)__________
itasthe“opiateofthemasses”,itisacriticalpartofhumansocieties.
Understandingmassmediaisusuallythekeytounderstandapopulation (10)__________
andculture,whichiswhythefieldofmediastudiesissohuge.
