文档内容
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2019)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIMELIMIT:150MIN
PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（25MIN）
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the
mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.
Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.
Now,listentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.
SECTIONB INTERVIEW
Inthis sectionyouwill hearTWO interview.Atthe endofeachinterview,fivequestions will beaskedabout
what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will
be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C], and [D], and mark
thebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.
Now,listentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonfirstinterview.
1.A.Environmentalissues. B.Endangeredspecies.
C.Globalwarming. D.Conservation.
2.A.Itisthoroughlyproved. B.Itisdefinitelyveryserious.
C.Itisjustatemporaryvariation. D.Itischangingourwaysofliving.
3.A.Protectionofendangeredanimals’habitats. B.Negativehumanimpactontheenvironment.
C.Frequentabnormalphenomenaontheearth. D.Thewoman’sindifferentattitudetotheearth.
4.A.Natureshouldtakeitscourse. B.Peopletakethingsforgranted.
C.Humanaredamagingtheearth. D.Animalsshouldstayawayfromzoos.
5.A.Objective. B.Pessimistic. C.Skeptical. D.Subjective.
Now,listentothesecondinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonthesecondinterview.
6.A.Teachers’resistancetochange. B.Students’inadequateabilitytoread.
C.Teachers’misunderstandingofsuchliteracy. D.Students’indifferencetothenewmethod.
7.A.Abilitiestocompletechallengingtasks. B.Abilitiestolearnsubjectmatterknowledge.
C.Abilitiestoperformbetterinschoolwork. D.Abilitiestoperformdisciplinarywork.
8.A.Recallingspecificinformation. B.Understandingparticulardetails.
C.Examiningsourcesofinformation. D.Retellingahistoricalevent.
9.A.Engagingliteracyanddisciplinaryexpertsintheprogram.
B.Helpingteachersunderstandwhatdisciplinaryliteracyis.
C.Teachingdisciplinarydiscoursepracticesbyliteracyteachers.
D.Designinglearningstrategieswithexpertsfrombothsides.
10.A.Toargueforacase. B.Todiscussadispute.
C.Toexplainaproblem. D.Topresentdetails.PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION（45MIN）
SECTIONA MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthis section there areseveralpassages followed byfourteen multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple
choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethe onethatyouthinkis
thebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
(1)Whenitcame toconcealing histroubles,TommyWilhelmwas notlesscapablethanthenextfellow.So at
least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor—no, not
quite, an extra—and he knew what acting should be.Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a
cigar,wearing ahat,hehasanadvantage;itis hardertofind outhowhefeels.Hecame fromthetwenty-third floor
down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed—he hoped—that he
looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add
tohispresenteffort.Onthefourteenthfloorhelookedforhisfathertoentertheelevator;theyoftenmetatthishour,
onthewaytobreakfast.Ifheworriedabouthisappearanceitwasmainlyforhisoldfather’ssake.Buttherewasno
stoponthefourteenth,andtheelevator sankandsank.Thenthesmoothdooropenedandthegreatdark-reduneven
carpetthatcoveredthelobbybillowed towardWilhelm’s feet. In theforegroundthelobby wasdark, sleepy.French
drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a
pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the
lobby.Foronemomentheheardthewingsbeatingstrongly.
(2)MostoftheguestsattheHotelGlorianawerepasttheageofretirement.AlongBroadwayintheSeventies,
Eighties, and Nineties,a great part of NewYork’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather
istoo coldorwettheyfill thebenchesaboutthetinyrailed parks andalongthesubwaygratings fromVerdiSquare
toColumbiaUniversity,theycrowdtheshopsandcafeterias,thedimestores,thetearooms,thebakeries,thebeauty
parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms.Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out of place. He
wascomparativelyyoung,inhismiddleforties,largeandblond，withbigshoulders；hisbackwasheavyandstrong，
if already a little stooped or thickened.After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and
sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the papers；they had nothing to do but wait out the day.But
Wilhelmwasusedtoanactivelifeandlikedtogooutenergeticallyinthemorning.Andforseveralmonths，because
hehadnoposition，hehadkeptuphismoralebyrisingearly；hewasshavedandinthelobbybyeighto’clock.He
boughtthepaperandsomecigars anddrankaCoca-Colaortwobeforehewentintobreakfastwithhisfather.After
breakfast—out，out，out to attend to business.The getting out had in itself become the chief business.But he had
realized that he could not keep this up much longer，and today he was afraid.He was aware that his routine was
about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged（预感）but till now formless was due.Before
evening，he’dknow.
（3）Neverthelesshefollowedhisdailycourseandcrossedthelobby.
（4）Rubin，themanatthenewsstand，hadpooreyes.Theymaynothavebeenactuallyweakbuttheywere
poor in expression，with lacy lids that furled down at the corners.He dressed well.It didn’t seem necessary—he was
behind the counter most of the time—but he dressed very well.He had on a rich brown suit；the cuffs embarrassed
the hairs on his small hands.He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached，Rubin did not see
him；h ewas looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia，which was visible from his corner，several blocks away.The
Ansonia，the neighborhood’s great landmark，was built by Stanford White.It looks like a baroque palace from
Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times，with towers，domes，huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green
from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round
summits.Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water，black as slate in the fog，white as
tufa in sunlight.This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water，white and cumulous above，withcavernousdistortionsunderneath.Together，thetwomengazedatit.
（5）ThenRubinsaid,“Yourdadisintobreakfastalready，theoldgentleman.”
“Oh，yes？Aheadofmetoday？”
“That’sarealknocked-outshirtyougoton,”saidRubin.“Where’sitfrom，Saks？”
“No，it’saJackFagman—Chicago.”
（6）Evenwhenhisspiritswerelow，Wilhelmcouldstillwrinklehisforeheadinapleasingway.Someofthe
slow，silentmovementsofhisfacewereveryattractive.Hewentbackastep，asiftostandawayfromhimselfand
getabetterlookathisshirt.Hisglancewascomic，acommentuponhisuntidiness.Helikedtoweargoodclothes，
butoncehehadputitoneacharticleappearedtogoitsownway.Wilhelm，laughing，pantedalittle；histeethwere
small；hischeekswhenhelaughedandpuffedgrew round，andhelookedmuchyoungerthanhisyears.Intheold
dayswhenhewasacollegefreshmanandworeabeanie（无檐小帽）onhislargeblondeheadhisfatherusedtosay
that，bigashewas，hecouldcharmabirdoutofatree.Wilhelmhadgreatcharmstill.
（7）“Ilike this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way.“It isn’t washable.You have to
sendittothecleaner.Itneversmellsasgoodaswashed.Butit’saniceshirt.Itcostsixteen，eighteenbucks.”
11.Wilhelmhopedhelookedallrightohiswaytothelobbybecausehewantedto________.
A.leaveagoodimpression B.givehisfatherasurprise
C.showhisactingpotential D.disguisehislowspirit
12.Wilhelmhadsomethingincommonwiththeoldguestsinthattheyall________.
A.livedaluxuriouslife B.likedtoswapgossips
C.idledtheirtimeaway D.likedtogetupearly
13.HowdidWilhelmfeelwhenhewascrossingthelobby(Para.2)?
A.Hefeltsomethingominouswascoming. B.Hewasworriedthathisfatherwaslate.
C.Hewasfeelingateaseamongtheold. D.Hewasexcitedaboutapossiblejoboffer.
14.WhichpartofRubin’sclothesmadehimlookparticularlyawkward?(Para.4)?
A.Thenecktie. B.Thecuffs. C.Thesuit. D.Theshirt.
15.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofWilhelm’sclothes?
A.Hisshirtmadehimlookbetter. B.Hecaredmuchabouthisclothes.
C.Helookedlikeacomedianinhisshirt. D.Theclothesheworeneverquitematched.
PASSAGETWO
(1) By the 1840s NewYork was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced
Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural
capitalofthenation,its imagehadbecomesomewhatlanguid;ithadnotkeptupwith theimplicationsofthenewly
industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. NewYork was the
placewherethe“new”Americawascomingintobeing,soitishardlysurprisingthatthemodernnewspaperhadits
birththere.
(2) The penny paper had found its first success in NewYork. By the mid-1830s Ben Day’s Sun was drawing
readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a skimpy sheet providing little more than minor
diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not
possessthe ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If realnewspaperswere to emerge from
the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for
whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of
jobprinting.
(3) By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the
newspaper into the modern age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither
of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded hisNewYorkHeraldin1835,lessthantwoyears aftertheappearanceoftheSun.HoraceGreeleyfoundedhisTribune
in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their
newspapers were the leadingAmerican papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men
despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before.
Neitherwasapoliticalhackbondedtoapoliticalparty.Greeleyfanciedhimself apublicintellectual.Hehadstrong
political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with
ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave
comforttohis chosenparty. Bennett,onthe other hand,hadlongsince cuthis politicalties, andalthough his paper
coveredlocalandnationalpoliticsfullyandhewentafterpoliticianswithhammerandtongs,Bennettwasacynic,a
distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated
than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what
was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news
was,whatpeoplewantedtoread.Andwhenhefoundouthegaveittothem.
（4）As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood
outsidethecircleofpolitesociety，evenwhentheybecameprosperous，andinBennett’scase，wealthy.Bothwere
incurable eccentrics.Neither was a gentleman.Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was
unkempt，always looking like an unmade bed.Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a
clerkin athird-rate brokerage house，with slips ofpaper—marked-upproofsperhaps—hangingoutofhispockets
or stuck in his hat. He became fat，was always nearsighted，always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a
high-pitched whine（哀号）.Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles
Dickens’sMr.Pickwick.Greeleyprovidedahumorousdescriptionofhimself，writtenunderthepretensethatithad
beentheworkofhislong-timeadversaryJamesFenimoreCooper.Theeditorwas，accordingtothedescription，a
half-bald，long-legged，slouchingindividual“sorockingingait（步态）thathewalksdownbothsidesofthestreet
atonce.”
（5）TheappearanceofBennettwassomewhatdifferentbuthardlymorereassuring.Ashrewd，wiry（瘦而
结实的）Scotsman，who seemed to repel intimacy，Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of
suspicion.His eyes did notfocusright.They seemed to fixthemselves onnothingandeverything atthesame time.
Hewasas solitaryasanoyster，the classicloner.He seldommadeclosefriendships andfewpeopletrustedhim，
althoughnobodywhohaddealingswithhim，howeverbrief，doubtedhisabilities.He，too，couldhavecomeout
ofabookofDickensianeccentrics，althoughperhapsEbenezerScroogeorThomasGradgrindcomestomindrather
than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick.Greeley was laughed at but admired；Bennett was seldom laughed at but never
admired；ontheotherhand，hehadahardprofessionalcompetenceandanencyclopedicknowledgeofhisadopted
country，anin-depthlearninguncorruptedbyvagueidealisms.Allofthisperfectlysuitedhimforthejournalismof
thisconfusingage.
（6）Both Greeley and Bennett had served long，humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the
newspaper business.They took a long time getting to the top，the only reward for the long years of waiting being
that when they had their own newspapers，both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When
Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short
periodofmodestsuccessasaneditor.Bennett，olderbysixteenyears，foundsolidcommercialsuccessfirst，buthe
had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall
Street.Fortunatelythisturnedouttobequiteenough.
16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sopiniononBenDayandhisSun(Para.2)?
A.Sunhadoncebeenapopularnewspaper. B.Sunfailedtobeahigh-qualitynewspaper.
C.BenDaylackedinnovationandimagination. D.BenDayhasstrivenforbettercoverage.
17.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutGreeley’sorBennett’spoliticalstance(Para.3)?
A.GreeleyandBennettwerebothstrongsupportersoftheirparty.B.Greeley,asaWhigmember,believedinhisparty’sideals
C.Bennett,asanindependent,loathedestablishedvalues.
D.GreeleyandBennettpossesseddifferentpoliticalvalues.
18.WhichofthefollowingfiguresofspeechwasusedtodescribeGreeley’smannerofwalking（Para.4）？
A.Exaggeration. B.Paradox. C.Analogy. D.Personification.
19.InPara.5Bennettwasdepictedasamanwho________.
A.hadstrongercapabilitiesthanGreeley B.possessedagreataptitudeforjournalism
C.wasinpursuitofidealisminjournalism D.wasknowledgeableabouthishomecountry
20.HowwasGreeleydifferentfromBennettaccordingtoPara.6？
A.Hehadachievedbusinesssuccessfirst. B.HestartedhiscareerearlierthanBennett.
C.Hegotinitialsupportfromapoliticalparty. D.Hehadamorehumiliatingapprenticeship.
PASSAGETHREE
(1) Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless
Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger
so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we
always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano
Zapata.
(2)A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death
rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts
about their role.
(3) The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men
in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills.
Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.
(4) These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of
loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn’t steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the
lord’s.
(5) And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits” whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They
were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the
surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a
minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive
role of peasant.
(6) They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain
and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local—over the next hill and they were
free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared
the peasants' religious beliefs and superstitions.
(7) The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into
outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s.
The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social
injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even
returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the
treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king
but only of the local oppressors.
(8) None of the bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger
motives was often a delusion.
(9) Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist
pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many oftheircharitableactslaterbecamelegends.
(10) Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the
mannerof their dying.The “dirty little coward” whoshotJesse James in the backis in every balladabouthim, and
theimplicationisthatnothingelsecouldhavebroughtJessedown.Evenwhenthepoliceclaimedthecredit,asthey
tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality
promptsthepeopletorefusetobelievethattheirherohasdied;hisdeathwouldbeinsomewaythedeathofhope.
(11) For the traditional “noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the
mostprimitive thereis. He is anindividualwhorefuses tobendhis back,thatis all. Mostprotesters will eventually
beboughtoverandpersuadedtocometotermswiththeofficialpower.Thatiswhythefewwhodonot,orwhoare
believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid
upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be
humble,helplessandmeek.
(12) The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left
behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither
peasantnorbandit.Insomeways thecharactersanddeedsofthegreatbanditscouldsoreadilybethestuffofgrand
opera—DonJosein“Carmen”isbasedontheAndalusianbanditElEmpranillo.Buttheyareperhapsmoreathome
in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch
the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of
protest, their passion for justice andtheir confidence thatthey cannotbebeaten.This sustains us nearly as muchas
itdidthealmosthopelesspeoplefromwhomtheysprang.
21.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTintendedtosuggesttheapprovalofbandits?
A.Bold(Para.1). B.Claimed(Para.4). C.Legend(Para.2) D.Loyalty(Para.4).
22.OfthefollowingreasonswhichistheLEASTlikelyoneforbecomingbandits?
A.Theylikedtheatricalclothesandbehavior. B.Theywantedtohelpthepoorcountryfolk.
C.Theywereunwillingtoacceptinjustice. D.Theyhadveryfewcareersopentothem.
23.“...begantheircareersharshlyvictimized”(Para.9)meansthatthey________.
A.hadreceivedexcessiveill-treatment B.wereseverelypunishedfortheircrimes
C.tooktoviolencethroughasenseofinjustice D.weremisunderstoodbytheirparentsandfriends
24.Whathasmadebanditssuitableasfilmheroesisthatthey________.
A.aresuretheyareinvincible B.possessatheatricalquality
C.retainthevirtuesofapeasantsociety D.protestagainstinjusticeandinequality
SECTIONB SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
questioninNOMORETHANWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
25.In“...,andtherewasacertainamountofevidencetobackhimup(Para.1)”,whatdoes“evidence”referto?
26.WhatisWilhelm’scharacteristicthathasneverchangedallthoseyearsaccordingtoPara.6?
PASSAGETWO
27.SummarizeinyourownwordsthemeaningoftheitalicizedpartinthelastsentenceofPara.2.
28.Whatdoes“...,burheseldomgavecomforttohischosenparty”meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.3)?
29.WhatisthesimilaritybetweenBennettandGreeleyaccordingtoParas.4and5?
PASSAGETHREE
30.WritedownTWOfeaturesoftheidealistpattern(Para.9).
31.Whatdoes“hope”meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.10)?32.Whatdoes“Heisanindividualwhorefusestobendhisback”mean(Para.11)?
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGE（15MIN）
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,
onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:
Forawrongword， underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblank
providedattheendoftheline．
Foramissingword． markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethe
wordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendof
theline．
Foranunnecessaryword， crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“／”andputthewordinthe
blankprovidedattheendoftheline．
Example
When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit， (1) _____an_____
itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2) ___n_e_v_e_r___
themonthewall．Whenanaturalhistorymuseum
wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit． (3)___e_x_h_ib_i_t__
ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION（20MIN）
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on
ANSWERSHEETTHREE.
白洋淀曾有“北国江南”的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。南方多雨，屋
顶是坡顶；这里的村舍则不同，屋顶是晒粮食的地方，而且历史上每逢水大洪泛，村民就得把
屋里的东西搬到屋顶上。房屋彼此挨得很近，有些屋顶几乎相连。
PART Ⅴ WRITING（45MIN）
Read carefully the following two excerpts on consumption, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN
300WORDS,inwhichyoushould:
1.summarizethemainmessageofthetwoexcerpts,andthen
2. comment on the role of consumption in human society, especially on whether consumption may lead to
desirableorundesirableresults.
Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.
Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.
Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.
Excerpt 1Consequencesofconsumerism
InHumanDevelopmentReport1998Overview bytheUnited NationsDevelopmentProgram (UNDP),“World
consumption has expanded at an unprecedented pace over the 20th century, with private and public consumption
expenditures reaching $24 trillion in 1998, twice the level of 1975 and six times that of 1950. In 1900 real
consumptionexpenditurewasbarely$1.5trillion.”
In September 2001, the BBC aired a documentary called “Shopology”, where psychologists looked into the
psychology of shopping and consumerism in countries like Britain, USAand Japan and asked if it was healthy for
consumers.Ofthemanypointstheyraised,theyobservedthat:
Consumptionnowhelpstodefinewhoweare;
Weessentially“buy”alifestyle;
Consumerismcanincreasestressforvariousreasons;
To deal with social and consumerism pressures and their effects, people may on occasion consume even
moretofeelbetter;
Risingconsumerdebtputspressureonfamilies.
Two years later,the BBC aired another documentary called “Spend, Spend, Spend.” It looked at the issues of
whether or not the increased wealth and consumerism had led to more content and satisfied individuals. The
documentary observed that research evidence seemed to suggest that increased wealth did not necessarily lead to
more satisfaction in Britain. When interviewed in the program, Professor Andrew Oswald of Warwick University
said that the key reason for this was because as we get wealthier there is often a tendency to compare more with
others, which contributes to more anxiety. The “keeping up with the Joneses” syndrome. The implications of this
areprofound.AsOswaldsuggested,itis“hardtomakesocietyhappierastheygetricherandricherbecausehuman
beingslookconstantlyovertheirshoulders.That’sthecurseofhumanbeings;makingcomparisons.”
Excerpt2
Consumptionasapathtocultivation
Consumption, for George Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher, lies at the heart of the process
through which people become cultivated, thatis, grow to become participating, reflective members of society.This
is because consumption provides an excellent site for the interaction between subject and object, which Simmel
believedto bethekey to cultivation.Subjectivity,the uniquelyhuman capacityforself-reflection,whichallows for
the self-conscious construction of action and identity, is not naturally endowed; it only develops through the
creative tension provided by interaction with objects (including people) existing in the world. For Simmel,
consumption provides a vital forum for this subject-object interaction. Through consumption, people come to
understand, instill meaning in, and act upon objects encountered in the world. Consumption provides people with
the opportunity to refine themselves through interaction with objects in the world. In addition, by confronting,
adapting, and integrating various world-views directly or indirectly demonstrated in consumption objects, people
notonlyrealizetheirpotentialasuniquehumanbeings,theyalsobecomewell-socializedmembersofasociety.
——THEEND——ANSWERSHEET1(TEM8)
PART Ⅰ LOSTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
BodyLanguageandMind
Introduction
Bodylanguagerevealswhoweare.
Nonverbalexpressionsof（1）________ （1）__________________
feelingpowerful:（2）________ （2）__________________
一e.g.athleticswitharmsupinaVsign
feelingpowerless:（3）________ （3）__________________
一e.g.refusingtobumpintothepersonnearby
people’sbehaviortendstobecome（4）________ （4）__________________
inahigh-andlow-powersituation.
一peopledon’tmirroreachother.
MBAstudentsexhibitthefullrangeofpowernonverbals.
一e.g.studentswithpowerhavestrongdesirefor（5）________ （5）__________________
powernonverbalsarealsorelatedto（6）________ （6）__________________
Relationshipbetween（7）________ （7）__________________
thepowerfularemore（8）________ （8）__________________
hormonesdifferwith（9）________ （9）__________________
anexperiment：
一procedure：
一adoptinghigh-orlow-powerposesandcompletingitems
—beinggiven（10）________ （10）__________________
—havingsalivatested
—results：
一（11）________ ：muchhigherwithhigh-powerpeople （11）__________________
一anincreasein（12）________inlow-powerpeople （12）__________________
一hormonalchanges:makingbrain（13）________ （13）__________________
Conclusion
behaviorcan（14）________ （14）__________________
beforegettingintostressfulsituations一getyourbrainreadyto（15）________ （15）__________________
ANSWERSHEET3(TEM8)
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGEUSAGE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
LearningaboutCognitiveGrammar(CG),anapproachtotheanalysis
anddescriptionoflanguagestructure,isnoteasy.Onereasonisvastliterature (1)__________________
thatnowexistsinCGandincognitivelinguisticsmoregenerally;thanksto (2)__________________
limitedaccessibility,anditsbeingsituatedintheWesternlinguistictradition,
thisposesspecialproblemsforChinesescholars.AnotherfactoristhatCG, (3)__________________
thoughisnotimplementedcomputationallyorpresentedasaformalmodel,
nonethelessinvolvesconsiderabletechnicaldetail.Understandingitatdepth, (4)__________________
orwithanydegreeofaccuracy,requiredprecisionofthoughtandanalysisas (5)__________________
wellasthemasteringofmanytermsandnotations.Thefinalsourceofdifficulty (6)__________________
isthatCGresultsfromnon-standardwaysofthinkinglanguageandlinguistic (7)__________________
investigation.Inparticular,itdepartsawayfromtraditionbyviewingmeaning (8)__________________
asthestartingpointforanalyzinggrammar,andconceptualizationasthebasis
fordescribingmeaning.
ThisbookishardlysufficientforathoroughknowledgeofCGbutmayat
leastcontributetotheprocessoflearningaboutit.Asitonlyintroducesthebasic (9)__________________
notions,itsmainpurposeistoillustratetheframework’sdescriptiveandexplanatory
potentialthroughextensivediscussionsoftheirapplicationtodiversefacetsof (10)__________________
languagestructure.
