文档内容
TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2012)
-GRADEFOUR-
TIMELIMIT:130MIN
PARTⅠ DICTATION [10MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first
reading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listen andtry tounderstandthe meaning.For thesecondand third
reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The
last reading will be done atnormalspeed again and during this timeyou should check your work.You will then
begiven1minutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.
PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE.
PART Ⅱ LISTENINGCOMPERHESION [20MIN]
SECTIONA TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at
ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.
Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocompleteyourwork.
SECTIONB CONVERSATINS
Inthissectionyouwillhear twoconversations.Atthe endofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeasked
aboutwhatwas said.Boththe conversations andthe questions willbespokenONCE ONLY.After eachquestion
there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D],
andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
Youhavethirtysecondstopreviewthequestions.
Nowlistentotheconversations.
ConversationOne
1.[A]Illustrationofliesinmarriage.
[B]Waystorecognizeliesinmarriage.
[C]Classificationofliesinmarriage.
[D]Adviceonasuccessfulmarriage.
2.[A]Weintentionallydoso.
[B]Noonetellsushowtoliveintruth.
[C]Weareafraidtolosetheonewelove.
[D]Noonepermitsustoknowourrealself.
3.[A]Knowingwhatwe’regoodat.
[B]Knowingwhatwe’rebadat.
[C]Knowingwhatworksforusornot.
[D]Knowingwhatwhatageweareat.
4.[A]Ithelpsfuturecouplesknowthemselvesbetter.
[B]Ithelpspeoplerecognizeliesinmarriage.
[C]Ithelpspeoplerecognizeliesinmarriage.
[D]Ithelpsmarriedcouplessavetheirmarriage.
5.[A]Disgusted. [B]Hateful. [C]Objective. [D]Subjective.ConversationTwo
6.[A]Theyaretoobusyworking.
[B]Theyaren’tawareoftheimportanceofsleep.
[C]Theyhavesomehealthproblems.
[D]Theydon’tthinksleepcaninfluencehealth.
7.[A]Tosleepatanytimeinadayaslongasonewishes.
[B]Tosleepattimewhenoneplanstosleep.
[C]Tosleepataveryearlytimeatnight.
[D]Tosleepataverylatetimeatnight.
8.[A]Puttingsleepaheadofanyotherthings.
[B]Avoidinghavingcaffeineafterbreakfast.
[C]Makingthebedroomcomfortable.
[D]Avoidingtakingalongnapintheday.
9.[A]Aslongasyousleepnomorethan45minutes.
[B]Aslongasyousleeponeandahalfhours.
[C]Aslongasyousleeptwohours.
[D]Aslongasyousleeptwoandahalfhours.
10.[A]Differentiationofproblemsleepers.
[B]Advicefortheinsomniouspeople.
[C]Thenecessityofhavingagoodsleep.
[D]Differentsleephabitsofpeople.
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGEKNOWLEDGE [10MIN]
There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or
statementsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Chooseoneword,phraseorstatementthatbestcompletesthesentence.
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
11.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?
[A]Twentymilesseemslikealongwalktohim.
[B]Nooneexcepthissupportersagreewithhim.
[C]NeitherJulianorIweregoingtotheparty.
[D]Fewstudentsinmyclassarereallylazy.
12.Whichofthefollowingdeterminers（限定词）canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcount
nouns?
[A]manya [B]few [C]such [D]thenext
13.Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns（反身代词）isusedasanappositive（同位语）？
[A]Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress.
[B]ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary.
[C]Ihavenothingtosayformyself.
[D]Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface.
14.Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments________tohimbeforelunch.
[A]besent [B]weresent [C]weretobesent [D]mustbesent
15.WhichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesWILLINGNESS?
[A]Bynowshewillbeeatingdinner.
[B]Ishallneverdothatagain.
[C]Mybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggage.
[D]Youshallgetapromotion.16.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?
[A]Howstrangefeelingstheyare!
[B]Howdareyouspeaktomelikethat!
[C]Whatnoisetheyaremaking!
[D]Whatamesswearein!
17.Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject?
[A]Weneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonest.
[B]Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.
[C]Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.
[D]Itisclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.
18.Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject?
[A]Hedoesn’tliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting.
[B]Itisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.
[C]Myparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.
[D]Herfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.
19.AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT________.
[A]sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes
[B]onlyoneproblemstillremains—thefood
[C]myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme
[D]shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish
20.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningof“Shallwebuytheticketsfirst”?
[A]Hesaidthatweweregoingtobuytheticketsfirst.
[B]Herequestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst.
[C]Hesuggestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst.
[D]Headvisedustobuytheticketsfirst.
21.Mercifully,IwasabletocompleteallIhadtodowithinafewdays.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.
[A]efficiently [B]surprisingly [C]fortunately [D]shortly
22.Theboysinthedorm________acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.
[A]held [B]tossed [C]put [D]collected
23.Thepatternsofspokenlanguageare________fromthoseofwriting.
[A]distinct [B]distinctive [C]distinguished [D]distinguishing
24.A(n) ________ shape has four straight sides at 90o to each other, two of which are much longer than the other
two.
[A]square [B]oval [C]oblong [D]circular
25.I’dliketohavea________wordwithhisparents.
[A]peaceful [B]quiet [C]silent [D]personal
26.Thegirlcannotcometoschooltodayonaccountoftheflu.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.
[A]concerning [B]becauseof [C]asto [D]for
27.MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding________.
[A]meal [B]snack [C]refreshment [D]banquet
28.Mini-skirtsfirst________inthe1960s.
[A]caughtout [B]caughtin [C]caughton [D]caughtup
29.Thatoutburstatthemeetingwas________ofhisbadtemper.
[A]illustrative [B]explanatory [C]expository [D]revealing
30.Theearthquakerefugeesare________forfoodandblankets.
[A]desirous [B]ambitious [C]seriouslyoff [D]badlyoffPART Ⅳ CLOZE [10MIN]
Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the
corresponding blank.Thewordscanbeused ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter foreachwordonANSWER SHEET
TWO.
[A]academic [B]conveyed [C]critics [D]demonstrated [E]device
[F]employers [G]Exceptional [H]extract [I]necessarily [J]peers
[K]perform [L]relevant [M]Reluctant [N]roughly [O]scheme
Organised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses.
Usually it is left to (31) ________ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate’s
resume, but now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalise the achievements of students who
devote time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly competitive
jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside(32)________qualifications.
“Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn’t (33) ________ appreciate the value of
what they did outside the lecture hall,” says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university.
“Employers are much more demanding than they used to be. They used to look for potential and saw it as part of
their job to (34) ________ the value of an applicant’s skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why
thoseskillsare(35)________tothejob.”
Students who sign up for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or voluntary
work, attend four workshops on employability skills, take part in an intensive skills-related activity and, crucially,
writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.(36)________effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.
Those who (37) ________best on the sports field can take the Sporting PLuS Award which fosters
employer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.
Theexperience doesnothave to beformally organised.“We’renotjustinterested ineasily identifiable skills,”
says Goodman. “For instance, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so (38) ________
negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencehavesomethingtodowiththeindividuallives.”
Goodman hopes the (39) ________ will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and
encouragetheirless-active(40)________totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.
PART Ⅴ READINGCOMPREHENSION [35MIN]
SECTIONA MULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each question, there
are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and
markyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
(1)Saying“thankyou”isprobablythefirstthingmostofuslearntodoinaforeignlanguage．Afterall,we’re
brought up to be polite, and it is important to make a good impression upon other people—especially across
nationaldivides．
(2) So, what exactly are you supposed to say when “thank you” is only the 20th most popular way to express
gratitude?According to a recentsurvey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of “thank you” in
apollof3,000people.
(3) Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal “cheers”, while others liked to use
suchexpressionsas“ta”,“great”and“niceone”.
(4)So,justwhatistheappropriateformofwordstoexpressyourthanks?
(5)Fortunately,theclueisinthelanguage itself.“Cheers”,despiteits popularity,is consideredaninformalway
tosaythankyou—andthisisadefiniteclueastowhenyoucanbestuseit.
(6) For instance, when going for a drink with friends, a smile and a “cheers” by way of thanks is not only
appropriatetothesituation,itisalsoculturallyaccurate.(7) “Ta”, originated from the Danish word “tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks, and is also
commonly used in informal situations, along with phrases such as “nice one”, and “brilliant”. Interestingly, one
wordthatdidn’tmakeitintothetop20was“thanks”.Thankyou’sshorter,moreinformalcousin．
(8) “Thanks” can be useful, as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank you” and the
downrightrelaxed“cheers”.
(9) Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight.Again, the words themselves offer
theclueastowhenbesttousethem.
(10) For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant" and “you star” featured highly in the new poll and they
can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. If you are on the
receivingendofa“new”thankyou,youcanrespondwithasimple“noproblem”,or“sure”.
(11) Of course, in certain circumstances, a simple wave, nod or smile may be appropriate. For instance, if a car
driver slows down to let you cross the road, simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that
youappreciatethedriver’sconsideration．
(12)Sometimes,formalityis necessary,and“thankyou”is stillthebestchoiceinsuchsituations.Butstudents
shouldnotworryaboutwhenexactlytousecertainexpressions.
(13)ManypeopleinWesterncountriesareworriedthatgoodmannersareindecline.Peoplearetiredofseeing
their acts of kindness and service pass without comment. So don’t think that your “thank you” was clumsy or
awkwardlyformal.Thechancesare,ifyousaid“thankyou”,youmadesomeone’sday.Youstar.
41.Wecantellfromtheresultsofthepollthat________.
[A]peopleareunconcernedaboutpolitenessnowadays
[B]“thankyou”remainsthebestexpressionofgratitude
[C]thereisavarietyofexpressionsofappreciation
[D]therearemoreformalexpressionsthaninformalones
42.Whichword/phrasedoesNOTappearinthetop20?
[A]Cheers. [B]Thanks. [C]Brilliant. [D]Youstar.
43. According to the passage, the way in which we express our gratitude depends on all the following EXCEPT
_________.
[A]gender [B]formality [C]culture [D]circumstance
PASSAGETWO
(1)From2007to2010,Americanhouseholdslost$l1trillioninrealestate,savings,andstocks.Morethanhalf
ofallU.S.workers either losttheir jobsorwereforcedtotake cutsinhoursorpayduringtherecession.Theworst
may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their
lives—howtheylive,work,andspend—eventhewaytheythinkaboutthefuture.
(2) For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander, Wisconsin. by his
company, forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their
two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages(抵押借款) and two young children to care for,
Cindycouldn’timaginehowtostretchherhusband’spaychecktokeepherfamilyfed．
(3) Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an
interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not
onlyourbudgetbutalsoourhealth,”shesays.
(4) Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I
grew flowers mostly—I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she
began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings
grew,herspiritslifted.Shenolongerthinks ofgardeningandmakingherownjamsasjustamoneysaver;they’rea
genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助)the garden work, and the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better —it’s fresher
andorganic—andthegardenhandilyfulfills itsoriginalpurpose:costcutting.Nowshespendsabout$200to$300
amonthongroceries.lessthanhalfofthe$650amonththatsheusedtolayout.
(5) After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It
makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,” she says. “I feel accomplished, and I’m more confident
aboutattemptingthingsI’veneverdonebefore.”Nowsheavoidsconveniencestoresandhasbegunlearningtoknit,
quilt, and make her own soap.” I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession,”
shesays.“Ihaveafeelingthatfromnowon,itwillaffectmyfamily’shealthandhappinessforthebetter.”
44.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattherecession_______.
[A]affectedAmericansincertainoccupations
[B]hadgreatimpactonAmericans’workandlife
[C]hadonlybroughthugelossesinsavingsandstocks
[D]isoverwithsomeofthelossesrecovered
45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?
[A]Cindyhadseenthebenefitsofgardeninginadifferentway.
[B]Cindyhaddevelopedahobbyofgardeningbeforetherecession.
[C]Cindyhadalreadyhadakeeninterestinsustainability.
[D]Cindyhadalreadyplannedtomeetthegardeners.
46.Inaddition,Cindyviewsgardeningasagenuinepleasurebecausegardening________.
[A]helpedhercutlivingcostsalmostbyhalf [B]enabledhertomakeherownjams
[C]builtupfamilytiesandkids’enthusiasm [D]enabledhertoknowmoreaboutplants
PASSAGETHREE
(1) “I’m a little worried about my future,” said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate. He should be so lucky.All
he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs Robinson. In the sixties, that was the sum total of
post-graduationanxietysyndrome.
(2) Hoffman’s modern counterparts are notso fortunate.The Mrs.Robinsons aren’t sitting around athome any
more, seducing graduates. They are out in the workplace, doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want, but
cannot get. For those fresh out of university, desperate for work but unable to get it, there is a big imbalance
betweensupplyanddemand.Andthereisnonarrowingofthegapinsight.
(3) The latest unemployment figures show that 746,000 of 18-24 year-olds are unemployed— a record rate of
18 per cent. Many of those will have graduated this summer. They are not panicking yet, but as the job rejections
mountup,theyarebeginningtofeelalarmed.
(4)Ofcourse,itiseasytoblametheGovernmentand,inparticular,thetargetthatLabourhaslongtrumpeted—
50 per cent of school-leavers in higher education. That was not too smart. The Government has not only failed to
meetitstarget—theactualfigureisstillcloserto40percent—butithasraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels．
(5) Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves. Middle-class families see their graduate
offspringonthedole(救济金)queueandwonderwhytheybotheredpayingschoolfees.Working-classfamilies feel
an even keener sense of disappointment. For many such families, getting a child into university was the fulfillment
of a lifelong dream. It represented upward social and financial mobility. It was proof that they were living in a
dynamic,economicallysuccessfulcountry.Thatdreamdoesnotseemsorosynow.
(6) Graduate unemployment is not, ultimately, a political problem ready to be solved. Job-creation schemes for
graduates are very low down in ministerial in-trays. If David Cameron’s Conservatives had a brilliant idea for
guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job, they would have unveiled it by now. It is a social problem, though a
moredeep-seatedsocialproblemthanpeopleperhapsrealize.47.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds_______.
[A]pessimistic [B]hopeful [C]indifferent [D]furious
48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsisCORRECT?
[A]Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed．
[B]Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.
[C]Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.
[D]Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.
PASSAGEFOUR
(1)NomatterhowmanytimesyouhaveseenimagesofthegoldenmaskofboykingTutankhamen，comeface
tofacewithitinEgypt’sCairomuseum，andyouwillsuckinyourbreath．
(2) It was on Nov 4，1923，that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the
tombofanotherpharaoh(法老)inLuxorthateventuallyledtoasealeddoorway．
(3)Then，onNov23，Carterfoundaseconddoorandwhenhestuckhisheadthroughit，whathesawwasto
stuntheworld．Insidelaythegreatstonecoffin，enclosingthreechestsofgildedwood．
(4)Afew months later, when a crane lifted its granite cover and one coffin after another was removed, Carter
found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg．In it was the mummy(木乃伊) of the 19-year-old Tutankhamen，
coveredingoldwiththatsplendidfuneralmask．Andallthislayburiedformorethan3,000years．
(5) Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush of emotion I feltand sense the hushthat descended on
thecrammedCairomuseum’sTutankhamengallery．
(6)Cairo，adustycityof20millionpeople，isaplacewheretimeseemstobothstandstillandrushintoutter
chaos．Itisaplacewheretheancientandcontemporaryhappilygoalongonparalleltracks．
(7)TaketheGreatPyramidsofGiza，sittingonthewesternedgeofthecity．Evenasthesettingsunsilhouettes
these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse，a call for prayer floats over semi-finished apartment
blocksfilledwiththeactivityofcitylife．
(8)While careful planningfor the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo，it is noise and confusion on
thestreets．Donkeycartsbattleforspacewithpedestriansandtheonlyoperativeroadruleis“mightisright．”But
itis acitythatisfulloflife—fromthesmallroadsiderestaurantstothecoffeeshopswheremenandwomen smoke
theshisha(水烟壶)．
(9) Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening traffic; young
womeninlongskirts andheadscarvesholdhandswith youngmeninopencollarshirts，while conversationsdwell
onKuwait’schancesatthesoccerWorldCup．
49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthediscoveryofthemummyisINCORRECT?
[A]ThemummywasfirstdiscoveredbyaBritisharchaeologist．
[B]Thediscoveryofthemummycameasasurprise．
[C]Themummywasfoundlyingrightinsidethestonecoffin．
[D]Themaskedmummywascoveredingold．
50.Whichpairofwords/phrasesindicatescontrast?
[A]Giganticstructure；greatdesertexpanse
[B]Acallforprayer；menandwomenwiththeshisha
[C]Chaos；maddening
[D]Coffeeshops；pyramids
SECTIONB SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the
questionswithNOmorethanTENwordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE
51.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheauthorencouragepeopletodo?
PASSAGETWO
52.WhatdoesCindythinkofthedifficulttimesshehasgonethrough?
PASSAGETHREE
53.WhydoestheauthorbeginwithanepisodefromTheGraduate?
54.Towardstheendofthepassage,whatdoestheauthorimply?
PASSAGEFOUR
55.Accordingtothecontext,whatdoesthephrase“suckinyourbreath”mean?
PART Ⅵ WRITING [45MIN]
Should museum entry be free? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the
supporters’and opponents’opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about
200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the
issue.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
YES NO
Museums preserve and display our artistic, social, Free entry could limit the development of museums.
scientific and political heritage. Everyone should have Without the revenue from entry fees, museums would
access to such important cultural resources, which offer not have enough money to collect and preserve cultural
educationalopportunitiestopeopleofeveryage. objectsandholdextraexhibitionsofrarepieces.
Museums have a valuable role in preserving and If museums are to be funded entirely by public money,
transmitting a nation’s history and heritage to new thepressuresonthegovernment’sotherbudgets,suchas
generations. Free access will encourage more people to the demands of hospitals, schools, pensions, etc., will
find out more about their country and help to promote inevitably make museums an under-funding and poor
feelings of national unity and identity and greater sector. This will not help our creative industries or
understandingandacceptanceofforeigncultures. tourism.
Free access is an investment in the future of this sector If museums are entirely funded by the government, they
of the economy and there fore has long-term benefits in will lack an incentive to increase the number of visitors
securingprosperityforthewholesociety. and to make their collections exciting and accessible for
all.
WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETTHREE.
—THEEND—PART Ⅱ LISTENINGCOMPRENSION
SECTIONA TALK
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
TheSurvivaloftheEnglishLanguage
Ⅰ.Introduction
— (1) show(s)howEnglishsurvived (1).........................
Ⅱ.Fiveperiodsofitssurvival
—thethiefof (4) andenterprise (4).........................
Ⅲ.Doubt
1)410CEtothemid-8thcentury
— (2) mercenariescomingandspreadingtheirlanguage (2).........................
amongtheBritons
—thecenterofthe (3) :YouinNorthumbria (3).........................
2)Mid-8thcenturyto899
—TheDanesreplacedtheAnglo-SaxonstoruleNorthumbria,
butwere (4) byAlfredofWessex. (4).........................
—Alfred’s (5) enabledmostoftheexistinglawsand (5).........................
literaryworkstobeinEnglish.
3)—Englandwasdividedonto (6) andEnglishspeaking (6).........................
areas.
—Canutebecamerulerofaunitedkingdom.
—ThecenterofliteraryproductionwasmovedtoLondon.
—EdwardsucceededCanuteandEnglishgavewayto (7) . (7).........................
4)1080tothe17thcentury
—WrittenEnglish (8) beforetheadventof“ProvisionofOxford” (8).........................
— (9) Englishappearedinthe17thcentury. (9).........................
5)1837totoday
—Englishwasusedwidelyasaresultof (10) . (10).........................
