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专题 17 阅读理解七选五(说明文)
2024年
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does
not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发
表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语
法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味
着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑
的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-
fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词
典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体
书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the
context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose
meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单
词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到
了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”
提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使
用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下
文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊
在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，
下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间
浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a
pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，
与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
Passage 2【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进
理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be
unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，
结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行
吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the
same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food
deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很
容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C
选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，
符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)
及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝
试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的
景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的
时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保
护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll
feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑
回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
Passage 3
【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body
needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying
goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than justsomething to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a
meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太
饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们
许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”
与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather thanjust something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会
议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项
“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你
已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于
适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的
“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food
to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处
理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行
健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些
人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating
small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14
— 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以
让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早
餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选
A项。
Passage 4
【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or
a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that
lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.
___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, butthat they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range
of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个
人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可
知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项
“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确
的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件
事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专
注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺
猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely torecognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思
维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太
可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但
是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具
备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader
range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在
于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to
include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不
是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当
某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来
回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方
式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人
和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语
境。故选A。
Passage 4
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and
college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is
right for you? ___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to
study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep
you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watchyour lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate
each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【16题详解】
由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很
重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of
college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，
符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程
都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑
问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在
线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【18题详解】
由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最
明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟
“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩
通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the
same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代
D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem.
Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other
to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-
person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可
以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激
励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，
讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about
online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能
引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
Passage 5
Passage 6
Passage 7
Passage 8
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’vedone for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强
自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err
(犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人
都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following
writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以
及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项 D“It’s just as important to show yourself
some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上
“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around?
They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造
力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics
you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那
些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive
things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did
the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，
写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作
业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，
本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项 F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write
it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做
的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of
your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以
及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。
选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，
C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或
家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact,
don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，
不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。
故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their
mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥
调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项 G“Whatever the mistake,
remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一
面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and
learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种
积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide
inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本
进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，
看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习
和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺
术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to
improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as
much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是
绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，
所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通
过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文
“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic
growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你
的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is
crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me
feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常
重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让
我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you
feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The
journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through,
give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。
你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到
障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Passage 3【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由
此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the
winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的
环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相
反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几
个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are
many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful
gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，
盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化
学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are
among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，
符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-
which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾
它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the
requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引
起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home
and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介
绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?
There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一
个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。
故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even moreoptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文
““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学
的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句
继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项
“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法
就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before
going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的
事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when
we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人
都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，
本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适
相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually
become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为
对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they
make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对
于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家
庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于
排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on
average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大
学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出
现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一
个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名
中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching
excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶
地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人
们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们
惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more
surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on
teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平
均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings
is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中
没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑
到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学
经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher
education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学
率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项
B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内
容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘
和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教
学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名
组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量
还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项 C“Qualityteaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调
了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
Passage6
【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not
book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is
some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very
quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you
travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至
少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的
夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前
计划。故选D项。
37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打
折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for
your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你
预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s
right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语
境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an
overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the
summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可
知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后
文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be
a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及
下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间
是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You
might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24
小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of
seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two
mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒
数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，
用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One
reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊
登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就
会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if youtrain with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和
后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体
健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项
D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员
吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a
useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文
“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那
个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout
partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of
training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and
her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在
了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，
以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的
锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner
should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后
文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more
physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，
要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with
each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process
can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
【16题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to
your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写
一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是
要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技
巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
【17题详解】
空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担
心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves ofthought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选
B。
【18题详解】
空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快
速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself
headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自
己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明
了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，
故选E。
【19题详解】
空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave
enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”
一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，
因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes
into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到
你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修
改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft,
again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的
是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因
此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电
话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并
坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to becontacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联
系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写
信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音
或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的
“writing letters”。故选B项。
【18题详解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的
那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出
了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”
分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。
故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文
“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于
异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要
的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A
项。
【20题详解】
设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious
effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是
我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通
过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句
“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题
“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【16题详解】
根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文
主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标
题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你
和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you putthem down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of
you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行
了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or
cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也
是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In
India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat
with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一
个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲
述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with
utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In
Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.
Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这
向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，
在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt
and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在
用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化
习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，
the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合
文意，引出下文。故选B。
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various
pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally beattracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must
exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健
身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
35.【解析】
根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to
ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自
己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that
helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我
们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This
makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾
病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语
境。故选G项。
36.【解析】根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted
towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康
的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是
本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全
段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37.【解析】
根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,
which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身
体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后
“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定
表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种
状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举
例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may
have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
38.【解析】
根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健
康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily
regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我
们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项
“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该
做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
39.【解析】
根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫)
system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫
系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of
health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目
标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us
calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们
的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
Passage6【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，
从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.
(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人
提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，
他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。
故选D项。
12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, orpersuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都
是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者
至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words
accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后
“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱
的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实
践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you
are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后
结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面
信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people
are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意
一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets
the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技
影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技
带来的写作。故选G项。
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Findpeople in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds
up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【11题详解】
上文 “ I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the
most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，
让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐
和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，
F项中的“help you make the most of your time与上文 “to make the most of every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出
下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that
for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣
的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的"the most important一致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选
D。 【13题详解】
上文 “Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（ 许多
人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活
中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它
们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C
项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
【14题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are
always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important.
Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back
an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你
节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方
法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此
要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文 “Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积
起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项
“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't
come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改
进）toward a happy productive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆
祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选
G。
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，
从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.
(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提
示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他
们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故
选D项。
12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or
persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是
带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少
应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words
accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后
“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实
践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项 E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you
are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结
构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面
信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people
are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一
致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets
the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技
影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带
来的写作。故选G项。
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough toput the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does
not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able
to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你
必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。
D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合
语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感
到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than
warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、
前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a
few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你
决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in
story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学
题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of bookyou are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本
段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要
的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on
your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服
呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的
最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，
启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物
交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选
择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and
it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多
于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的
假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more
than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准
备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”
准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣
服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物
所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选
G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不
同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things
look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放
置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里
要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置
上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你
说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And
don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，
这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间
要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派
对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking
to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可
知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be
adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同
的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。
由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或
“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提
了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the
question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。
故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the
host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你
不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什
么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一
个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一
直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re
the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如
果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做
点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题
提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成
他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40题详解】根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone
talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的
方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is
extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了
赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项
“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬
的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting
（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the
idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music
slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35题详解】
空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），
F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety 中的stress and anxiety照应
了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
【36题详解】
空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的
原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，
B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切
合题意，故选B。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前
听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep 中的sleep和
going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
【38题详解】
空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates
and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项
Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart
rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音
乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall
well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，
故选E。
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各
自的利弊。
11．A下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，
这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原
因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．G上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with
minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂
货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstreameffects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下
游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．D根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果
杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind:
Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”
可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．F根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方
法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine
line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down
everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的
队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快
了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。
故选F项。
15．B结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space
or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人
力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one
line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
2020年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36.
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you
hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your
own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes
and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you
could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned.
But, I tried my best.＂●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words
why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a
page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36.B 根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance(自我接纳的几点建议)及下文的Here's a handful of ways that
will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项 B. Where do you
start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。
37.F 根据下文 Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?
Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们
的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述
不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故 F. Stop comparing
yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
38. D根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的
You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作
一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔
接最好，故选D项。
39. C根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，这些
小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，即没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。故选C项。
40.A 结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these wordsback to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这
些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you
are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可推知本句是在说明“再次感到
心烦意乱”的情况。选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and
play. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is
that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.
40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36.D 根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at
work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's
been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选
择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题
意。故选D。
37. A根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默
和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁
的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more
conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
38.G 根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common
ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在
交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选
择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。
39.B 根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了
一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a
formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
40. F根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积
极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier
communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
Passage3
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into
a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is
a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the
new space with love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some
common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give
all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person
moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewoodto a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.E 上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是
朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句
And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填
补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机
会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37. B下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like
curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或
绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出
下文，故选B。
38.C 本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot
of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以
主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分
享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。
故选C。
39. A本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家
后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见
的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
40.G 上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼
物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。
符合语境。故选G。
Passage4【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do
you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of
a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably
can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your
audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners
wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然
而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者
要训练。故选G。
17.A 下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，
当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A
项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，
除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19. B本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.D 下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than
anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结
束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
Passage5
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs
to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.____16____
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.____17____Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
____18____This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how
medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure
to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
●____19____
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else
you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to
your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you
are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your
appointment.____20____Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer
to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。
【16题详解】
根据文章第一段“Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information
she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering
you.”可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供
最好的护理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文为几条具体的建议，所以B项：Here are
some tips for talking with your doctor.（这里有一些与你的医生交谈的小建议。）符合题意，为顺承关系，故
选B。
【17题详解】
根据文章第二段“teamwork!”意为团队可知，E项：Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your
side.（记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边。）与此呼应，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据文章“This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how medicines
make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be
honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.”可知，这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物
让你感觉如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种
感觉持续了多久。由此可知，这都是在讲感受，故D项：Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you
are feeling.（在你的医生来之前，记下你的感受。）与之呼应，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据文章“Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and
anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to
mention that to your doctor.”可知，你的病史是你的疾病，治疗，医生告诉你做什么，以及你认为你的医生
应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你有过敏的话，你也要提一下。因此可知看出，这是关于病史和清单的，
故F项：Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.（带上你的病史，包括你目前的
药物清单。）符合题意，相呼应，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据文章“Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have
when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.”可知，不要害怕问你的医生你有的任何问题。当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，
并带着清单去你的预约。以及“Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand
the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.”可知，记住，没有什么愚蠢
的问题。如果你不明白问题的答案，请医生再解释一遍，直到你明白为止。因此中间缺少过渡句，故A项：
This will make getting answers easier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接两句，故选A。
Passage6
【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand
and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks
to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some
events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop
negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking
tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to
believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and
anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also
contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found
that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide
a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as
a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the
contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the
quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与
悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工
具。
【46题详解】
根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some
events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事
件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop
negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对
话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思
考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative
self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语
境，故选B。
【47题详解】
根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety,
better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also
contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，
身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，
后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项
中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such
as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员
发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，
后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难
的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for
improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceiveproblems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，
一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，
上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一
些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气
馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
【50题详解】
根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and
improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual
refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当
一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个
人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选
项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
Passage7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water
and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with
clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we
turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many
people around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can
catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from
dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres
every day to get water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an
education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the
problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one
school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give
them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. F 35. G
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像
我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有 7.5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起
的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知
道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。
【31题详解】
根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on
a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.（例如，生产我
们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需
要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合
上下文语境，故选A。
【32题详解】
根据下文That's around one in 10 people in the world.（那大约是世界上十分之一的人）可推知本句为说明世
界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境，故选
E。
【33题详解】
根据上文Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，
孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中 walk many kilometres every day to get water 可对应到D选项中walk
many hours a day to get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合
上下文语境，故选D。
【34题详解】
结合下文On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of
dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.（每年的这一天，世界
各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的）是
在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故 F选项“1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【35题详解】
根据前文At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.（在
英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文继续说明这一做法的意
义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式，他们知道带着沉
重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，
再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一
题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落
之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。如第三小题，根据上文 Also，
in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走
很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to
get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境，故选
D。
2019年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to
recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-
then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to
breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情
绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a
faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure
you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takessunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心
健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36.E根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有 E选项是一
般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的 people tell us to “go out and
get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37.A 根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing
oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing
more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大
脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先
进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38.G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有 G选项
提到该类名词，故选项 G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places 就是指 Healing
Gardens。
39.C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻
压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到
处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使
人精神焕发。
40.D 根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选
项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
Passage 2
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself thequestion:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and
think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You
must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to
set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome
them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空
承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B 下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该
如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38.A 上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39.E上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故
选E。
40.C 上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你
应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”
切题，故选C。
Passage 3
【2019年全国卷 III】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is
very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can
arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the
course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't
hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. A 39. C 40. F
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36.E 根据文章段落结构和本段首句 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with
professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文
中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E符合语境。
37.G根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎
的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与 G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼
应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。
38.A根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可
知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39.C根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是训练有素的护
士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息
的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项C符合语境。
40.F通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人
都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课
程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。
Passage 4
【2019年浙江卷6月】Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit
among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of
music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large
concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as
a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul
McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New
York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was
broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles
were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in
America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot
of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. G 35. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31. C第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music有关，选项中
只有C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。
32. B空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became
the hottest thing可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文
意，且关键词even是一个提示，故选B。
33.A 根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国
人怎样反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以A项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选A。
34. G根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G中的关键词their first
concert 前后呼应。故选G。
35. E根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士），
符合逻辑。故选E。
Passage 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says
“Thank you?” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on the
Internet? ______31______
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little courtesies(礼节). But many social norms(规范) just
don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette，asked, “At what point
does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”
_____32_____ Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you don’t have to
declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail
and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners, ____33____ Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor, suggested that people say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting's use in
face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast, a
business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital
map. _____34_____ And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people,especially older ones,
appreciate a thank-you message. ____35____ In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern
societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that
time-wasting forms of communication do.
A．Then there is voice mail.
B．Others, like me, want no reply.
C． But people still ask these things.
D．Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
E. Won't new technology bring about changes in our daily life?
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G. When the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller.
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．G 34．C 35．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科技时代新的交流方式冲击了传统礼节，造成了不同人对两者的不同运用。
我们要多考虑对方的情况，互相理解，既有礼貌又尽量不浪费别人时间。
31．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段提到一些人很粗鲁，下面列举了既发语音邮件又发信息浪
费时间的具体表现。D项“难道这些人没有意识到他们在浪费你的时间吗?”对上面例子进行了总结，对这
些做法提出了疑问。故选D。
32．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据段中The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send
an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.可知，作者提到留下语音邮件又发电子邮件通知的情况。A
项Then there is voice mail.位于段首，引出voice mail，下文对其进行介绍。故选A。
33．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people
say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out,可知当时Bell刚发明电话时怎样打招呼的问题，G项：当电话发明时，
人们不知道如何和来电者打招呼。与下文连接，故选G。
34．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍智能手机时代数字地图能够解决许多生活查询问题，你帮助他们解决问题后，他们会回复你感谢邮件。C项But people still ask these things.与上文转折，与下文
连接。故选C。
35．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍不同的人群对礼节有不同的看法，我们要多考虑对方
的情况，互相理解。上句Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message介绍了老年人的
习惯，B项Others, like me, want no reply.与之对比，指出年轻人与老年人不同。故选B。
【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后
在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时
间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第2小题的voice mail，第3小题的Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor,在文中都能找到对应的词或相关内容。
2018年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A
grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you
want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36
, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 .
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at
wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36. B 36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，
此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种） 。
37. A前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以 A（然
而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38. D本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。
39. G根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范
围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。
40. F前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是
巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。
Passage 2
【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives,
it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional
benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in
the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。
36. 根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其
他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen up!
（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。
37. 根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持
头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。
38. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一
整天都在燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对
F项的进一步延伸。故选F。
39. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质
量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。
40. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to
healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，
A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。
点睛：七选五题型，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的
关系，所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。本篇文章采用总分总的结构，第一
段和最后一段是总述，中间是分述，中间每段都是主题句加分述句构成。
Passage 3
【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses
love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances.
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
.37. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s great to watch
them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对
他们的好处，故选D。
38. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。
39. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选
F。
40. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞
给自己带来的好处。
Passage 4
【2018年浙江卷6月】Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of
course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood .
the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
___31_____Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your
property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of the
home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk，take a
small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the
area.
_____34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a
neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in
any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you,
and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good
neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
31.G
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，
最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助
你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。
32.F
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内
户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意
思一致，故选F。
33.E
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
34.B
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻
居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。
35.C
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好
属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate
behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。
Passage 5
【2018年北京卷】 Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）
events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. _____51_____
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However,
here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much
more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s
personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that
connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
_____54_____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
_____55_____However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may
not trigger another.
【答案】51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。
51. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触
发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生
气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那
么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。
52. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日
期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由
于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，
故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能
不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。
53. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较
好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，
而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一
句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background
of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故
选E。
54. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger
或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项
（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。
55. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下
愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特
别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。
点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现
词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓
住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的the main reasons和G选项中的these reasons属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复
现。
2017年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get
work done. 3 6 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then
ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during
that time or that you’ll find them then. 3 8 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier
to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after
explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s
not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the
hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。
36. B【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的"Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with"以及下文
的"there are several ways to handle things"可知,工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一,有几个处理事
情的办 法。空处承上启下,应选B项。
37. A【解析】考查主题句。 根据下文的"Tell the person you’re sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at
a different time"可知,本段讲述的是当你忙的时候,要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。主题句是对下
文内容的总 结,所以要认真阅读下文的内容并准确得出主题句,切忌以偏概全,以点代面。38.E【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的"let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll
find them then" 及下文的"It can help to…"可知,此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E
项。
39. D【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的"don’t do it in your own office"以及下文的"excuse yourself to
get back to your work"可知,你如果不在自己的办公室里,就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选
D项。
40. G【解析】考查承启句。 根据本段的首句"If you have a door to your office, make good use of it"以
及下文的 "when the door is closed"可知,G项符合文意。
Passage 2
【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm
clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make
one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time
to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear
about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不
再是一件令人头疼的事。
36. C 根据空前及空后的关键词one可以判断出，空处应为解决方法，再结合所给选项可知只有C选项符
合语境。
37. B 本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么，
因此B项可以概括本段的中心。
38. G 根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，
能够多睡15分钟，文中的a quarter-hour和选项中的15 minutes相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。
39. F 根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出Stick to
your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day符合语境。故选F。
40. E 后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与If not对应，即如果有效果的话
如何去做。故选E。
Passage 3
【2017年浙江卷】How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to
interview people on the spot. 3 1 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience
can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the
topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about
environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in
America?＂ 3 2
●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was
wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get
discouraged.
● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as
you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,
you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safenumber of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 3 5
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave
work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.
【解析】试题分析：本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。
31. D 【解析】根据空格后一句中的＂your first man-on-street interview experience can be easy＂可知这是对
于记者新人所提出的建议，而选项D中的＂new reporters＂正好与其相承接，故选D。
32. G 【解析】空格前一句是个远非yes或no就可以回答的提问, 而选项G中＂With a question like this…
＂正好与其相承接，故选G。
33. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选
项B中的polite正好与其相呼应，故选B。
34. A 【解析】根据空格后一句＂Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.
＂可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A。
35. F 【解析】空格前一句是＂A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten＂, 而选项F中＂That
number of interviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选F。
Passage 4
【2017年北京卷】 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are
not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 7 1
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake,
fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory
processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in
the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 7 3
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 7 4 The synapses in the mice taken
at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that theconnections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next
day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses
become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.
75 ＂You keep what matters,＂ Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
【答案】71 C 72 E 73 F 74 G 75 B
【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。
71.C 【解析】根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.老鼠如果不睡觉，一
个月它们就死了，同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病，人和动物匹配，死和生病形成对比，故选C。
72.E 【解析】根据前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，所以学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一
觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
73.F 【解析】根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。
74.G 【解析】根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。
75.B 【解析】根据后一句提到的You keep what matters你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存
下来，故选B。
2016年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2016 年新课标Ⅰ卷】Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government
agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind
code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 3 7 For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats toomany eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂
3 8 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read
＂135 520 135.＂
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a
code book. 3 9 For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ＂me.
＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 4 0 However, it is also hard to
keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. F 40. A
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。
36. D根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下
文。
37. E后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E
选项内容符合语境逻辑。
38. G根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。
39. F根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起
到承上启下的作用。
40. A根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，
故判断A选项符合语境。
Passage 2
【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 6 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking insideyourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening
process.
● 1 7
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 .However,
there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our
earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 — how being in those gardens
made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the
gardens of your youth. 20 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into
your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
16. F 考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的"But it doesn’t happen by accident"可知,这里是在讲"你
是 否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的"。故F项"You can produce that kind of magical
quality in your own garden, too"符合语境。
17. A 考查子标题。根据下文中的"a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden"可
知, 本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关,故选A项。
18. E 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此
处 表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然,
故选E项。19. C 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those
gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。
20. G 考查上下文的衔接。上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项
中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应,故选G项。
Passage 3
【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 3 6 But it seems that many
people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat
twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 3 7 This
text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
3 8 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 3 9 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 4 0 First, clean it and season it with
your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10
minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】36. G 37. D 38. F 39. A 40. B
【解析】试题分析：文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烹饪鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法
是蒸鱼。
36. G 空后的句意表示转折，那么转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即空处应说明吃鱼对健康的益
处。故选G。
37. D 由前一句＂Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.＂可知，购买、存放和烹饪鱼并非难事，
再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的简单知识，D项＂这仅仅需要一点知识＂符
合语境。此题容易误选C项，C项后面应该直接跟烹饪鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。
38. F 根据＂Fresh fish should smell sweet＂可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，段落的支撑细节始终是围绕主题句展开的，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，故选F。
39. A 根据前一句＂Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.＂可知，带有腥味或强烈气味的鱼都
不新鲜，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。
40. B 根据＂Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes＂可知，本段介绍的是
蒸鱼的方法，下文讲到了烹饪鱼的步骤：首先，把鱼洗干净，添加调料进行腌制；然后，将装有鱼
的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用(以重约为一磅的鱼为例)。故选B项＂最简单的方法是
蒸＂。
Passage 4
【2016年北京卷】The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the
reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the
rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at
hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the
next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking
could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result,
humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you
hate it. 73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases
during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.
New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of
us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the
shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】71. F 72. C 73. A 74. E 75. G
【解析】试题分析：文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大
脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。
71. F考查上下文串联。前一句提到了＂weigh the risk and the reward＂，F项＂然而，并不是所有人都使用
同样的参考标准来权衡风险和回报＂符合语境，故选F。
72. C考查上下文串联。hunting, fighting, or exploring(狩猎、战斗或探索)是生存的必要条件，C项中的those
是对这些活动的指代，故选C。
73. A考查上下文串联。根据＂humans developed a range of character types...＂可知，人们形成的不同类型的
性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。
74. E考查上下文串联。E项中的when与＂your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years＂
中的teenage years对应，故选E。
75. G考查上下文串联。根据＂a part of the brain...while for the rest of us...＂可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大
脑的关系，故选G。
考点：科研类短文阅读
Passage 5
【2016年四川卷】Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 3 6 In
general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and
women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生
育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact, women are less likely
to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
3 8 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally
get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get
fewer colds than men.
39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some
think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s
body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 4 0
A. However, women, on average, live longer.
B. The biological factor plays an important part.C. Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
【答案】36.A 37.G 38.D 39.C 40.E
【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了女性比男性寿命长的原因。
36. A根据空格下一句 “一般说，女性比男性多活6到7年”可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性
寿命更长。故选A。
37.G根据空格上句“男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性活得更久”可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体
分泌的控制身体各种功能的化学物质。故选G。
38. D根据下句“它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染”可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身
体。故选D。
39. C根据下句“科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响变老，但是他们认为基因确实在影响变老”可知
上句：女性基因也在帮助女性。
40. E根据空格前两句“一些人认为女性的身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性的身体细胞
有老化较快的倾向”可知E项“最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能”符合题意。故选E。
2015年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36.___________ Trust is a risk. But you can’t
be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no
responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or
cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37.
__________ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you
can take to get you there.
◆38. ___________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what
the best outcome would be for your well-being.
◆39. ___________ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a differencebetween being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our
trust tested or violated.
◆You didn’t lose ＂everything＂. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this
hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.
___________ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and
forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【解析】试题分析:文干要讲述旦失去了信任，如何再次建交信任。
36.B 根据前一句 Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences 信任是我们从以往经历中获得
的学习行为。选项 B 中的i代指上文刚出现的 trust。故选 B。
37.E 根据前句 Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害目不能忍受再次发生可
知选 E。
38. A #据后白 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what thebest
outcome would be for your well-being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选 A。
39. C根据后句If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自
己是受害者。故选C。
40. G根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and
be thankful for all of the good in your life 和后一句instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to
allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选
G。
Passage 2
【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in
the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will
work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as
you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise
to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After
two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a
timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time
【解析】试题分析:本文是以如何锻炼马拉松为话题，提到从长期的角度说应该做到精心准备，循序渐进。
这样)能达到锻炼的目的。
36. C 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到跑马拉松，下文说买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里应该是 Before
you begin your training训练前的准备工作。故选C。
37. E考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说If
they still feel good, you can begin running in them如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选E。
38. A考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是 After
six days，练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。
39. D考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D With
each day, increase the distance by a half mile。
40. G考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选
G Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time。
Passage 3
【2015年浙江卷】
A. Come in with something to say.
B. Prepare general comments.
C. Bring materials with you.
D. Don’t make them wait.
E. Have no fear.
F. Go it alone.
One of the best things you can do any time in the semester is go see the professor. So hoof on over to an officehour and have some one-on-one face time with someone who’ll help you master the material and improve your
grade, to boot. But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about
how to make that office hour really count:
61. No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actually
like to see you and answer your questions. Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you
do well. And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you’re going to ask will
set the record for stupidity.
62. Even though you might feel more comfortable going with a friend or partner, the office hour will
go better if it’s just you and the professor. You’ll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what
you need most help on, and two-party communication is almost always more productive than committee
work. Your friend can wait outside for the discussion.
63. If you can’t make the official office hours, most professors are willing to make individual,
appointments to help you out. If you’re lucky enough to land such an accommodation, though, be sure you’re
100 percent on time. There’s nothing that ticks off a professor more than making him-or herself available for a
custom office hour only to find that you don’t care enough to come on time. And besides, the professor might
leave after ten minutes, which would make your trip a total loss.
64. If you’re meeting with the professor to go over a paper or test, or to ask questions about a
particular lecture or reading, make sure you bring that paper or test, or your lecture notes or a copy of the
article. The professor doesn’t remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work—
though he or she will be able to recall them after just a brief glance at your work. And if you have your lecture
notes or the article in hand, you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing to
you, rather than just talking in a general way about the contents.
65. Office hours almost always go better if you bring a few specific questions to the meeting. It’s
almost never good to start a meeting with general comments such as: “I didn’t understand what you said
about [main topic of the course]”or “I couldn’t understand any of your lectures last week.” Much better is
to come in with two or three conversation-starters about a specific concept, point, or problem you didn’t
understand. Keep in mind that in a fifteen-minute office hour (which is how long these things usually last),
two or three questions are usually the most you’ll have time to discuss.62. F根据“go better if it’s just you and the professor. 最好是只有你和教授两个人” 和“You friend can
wait outside for the discussion你的朋友最好在外面等” 说明你应该是独自一个人去的Go it alone.
63. D根据使用的几个词“on time”和 leave after ten minutes, 可以知道这个意思是Don’t make them wait.
不能让教授等待，应该是准时，因为教授不会久等。
64. C根据第二行make sure you bring that paper or test, or your lecture notes or a copy of the article.确信带纸
或者是试卷，说明你去之前应该是Bring materials with you.带一些材料。
65. A根据第四行Much better is to come in with two or three conversation-starters, about a specific concept,
point, or problem you didn’t understand.最好是带两个或3个观点、概念或者不明白的地方开始对话”， 也
就是准备几个要说的东西。此题容易错选 B 选项，而且文章中也的确提到了这个字眼“general
comments”, 但是要注意前面所使用的一个词 never绝不” It’s almost never good to start a meeting with
general comments”。
Passage 4
This Way to Dreamland
【2015年北京卷】Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes
them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening
around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us
and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.
72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a
fool?
First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and
relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having acreative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something
simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate.
＂Mindfulness＂, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 7 4
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.
75
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
【解析】试题分析：文章说明了“白日做梦”现象事实上有很有助于创造性思维的开发。
71.第一段说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端，选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选
B。
Passage 5
【2015年陕西卷】
A. The mistaken belief
B. The need for tolerance
C. Unpunctuality at dinners
D. Punctuality and confidence
E. Self-discipline and punctuality
F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual61.
There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a
mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others; we are interfering(扰乱) with another man’s
time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are
expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is
tardy(延迟的).
62.
To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is
unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of
disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit causes problems to
others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a
job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.
63.
Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual.
You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He
will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all
these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.
64.
Many of those who attend dinners are notorious(声名狼藉的) for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time
and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the
self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an
unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all — the waiters, the management
staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.
65.
However, we cannot always be intolerant(无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some
tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is
late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.
【解析】试题分析：文章介绍 的是人际交往中守时和自律的重要性，并介绍如何做到守时和自律。
61.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be
considered important. This is a mistaken view.可知这段的大意是：错误的观念，所以选A.
64.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for
unpunctuality.可知这段的大意是：就餐时不守时，所以选C。
65.考查段落大意：根据这段的句子： However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for
ordinary living requires some tolerance.可知这段的大意是：需要容忍，所以选B。
