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选择性必修 Book 2 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
B 卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Inventions change how we live, work, play and think about what’s possible. Every year, Time magazine lists
the 100 best inventions based on their creativity and impact on our lives. What did the magazine choose this year?
Let’s take a look.
Easier to read
OrCam Read is a lightweight, handheld device with a smart camera that can read text from any digital screen
or printed surface. If you constantly read large blocks of text or suffer from reading fatigue or even dyslexia(阅读
困难), OrCam Read can help. It’s been described as an exceptional on demand tool to access print in work,
education and community settings.
Users simply point the device at a book page, an ad, a menu or anything else containing text and press a
button. The device will instantly vocalize (发声) text in a natural-sounding voice, either through its tiny speaker or
a connected Bluetooth device. OrCam Read also supports text in multiple languages and can even operate without
any internet connection.
Easier for bees
Honey is produced by bees. But today’s beekeeping business is not good for these hard-working insects. Bee
farmers may kill them after harvesting honey because it’s cheaper than feeding the bees through the winter. To save
bees, US company MeliBio has found a way to make the word’s first bee-free honey. They used synthetic biology
to create honey directly from plants. This kind of honey tastes just like the real thing, and it is healthy, too.
Easier to eat
Pasta is a popular food around the world. But sometimes you may find it hard to get pasta onto your fork. It’s
also difficult to keep the sauce on your pasta. Dan Pashman is a foodie from the US. To solve these problems, he
created his dream pasta, called Cascatelli. It's a pasta with a half-tube (半筒型) shape and big ruffles (褶皱). It
looks like the letter “J”. How does this special shape help you eat? Bigger ruffles help it catch sauce. And you can
easily get it onto your fork because it’s longer. “There are very few pasta shapes that have right angles. It provides
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂resistance to the bite at all angles. It creates kind of like an I-beam (工字钢)，and that makes for a very satisfying
bite,” Pashman told NPR.
1．What should people do when using OrCam Read?
A．Use it to scan the text. B．Set the target language.
C．Link it to a small camera. D．Connect to the internet.
2．What do we know about the new kind of honey?
A．It consists largely of real honey.
B．It makes feeding bees cheaper.
C．It is produced without any bees.
D．It is better for human health.
3．What is special about Cascatelli?
A．Its creation was inspired by a dream.
B．It comes in the shapes of the letters J and U.
C．Its shape means it can be eaten without a fork.
D．It can hold sauce better than other types of pasta.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了三种关乎人们生活的实用发明。
1．推理判断题。根据Easier to read段落下的“OrCam Read is a lightweight, handheld device with a smart
camera that can read text from any digital screen or printed surface.(OrCam Read是一款轻便的手持设备，带有
智能摄像头，可以从任何数字屏幕或印刷表面读取文本)”可知，OrCam Read是通过读取文本来帮助人们阅
读的，因而人们在使用时需要用这个设备来扫描文本。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Easier for bees段落下的“To save bees, US company MeliBio has found a way to make
the word’s first bee-free honey.(为了拯救蜜蜂，美国公司MeliBio找到了一种方法来制造世界上第一种不需
要蜜蜂的蜂蜜)”可知，这种新型蜂蜜不是蜜蜂生产的。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据Easier to eat段落下的“It’s also difficult to keep the sauce on your pasta.(意大利面上的
酱汁也很难保留)”及“Bigger ruffles help it catch sauce.(更大的褶边有助于粘住酱汁)”可知，Cascatelli比其
他类型的意大利面更能保存酱汁。故选D。
B
At the age of 43, while working a full-time job and raising my family, I decided to pursue a doctorate(博士学
位), studying the most successful physician-scientists of our generation to investigate whether there was anything
special about their habits, mindsets(思维模式)or lifestyles: something that could be later replicated (复制) in
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂researchers’ training programmes. My research focused on Nobel Prize winners, National Institutes of Health
directors, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators, and winners of top awards such as the Breakthrough
Prizes and Lasker Awards.
After graduation, I continued my research on success, branching out into studying other extreme high
achievers. It is evident in the course of the research that the mindset of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist is
analogous to that of an Olympic champion or an astronaut. On this basis, it indicates that if their mindsets are
shared across fields in this way, then success becomes a skill that can be learned, going far beyond potential talent.
What defines(下定义)success is a mixed bag, and its definition varies among different people. With multiple
rounds of research conducted, I consider that successful people are those who have created a shift(转变) in their
field, who are recognized for their achievements, and who give back and help others to succeed as well. Generally,
they are widely praised in their field, having won notable awards and honors.
In my latest book, The Success Factor, I outlined the four mindsets found in extreme high achievers and
offered ideas, underlined(强调)by adult-learning theory, on how others can develop the skills required to succeed in
a way that fits in with their careers and lives. Of course, simply copying the habits of an award-winning scientist
doesn’t mean you’ll become a Nobel Prize winner, but, by imitating their mindsets, you can set yourself on the path
to success.
No one aims to be average in life. People want to succeed but often lack the understanding of how to achieve
more. By learning from some of the most successful scientists of this generation, we can apply great lessons to our
careers.
4．What can we know about the author when he was 43?
A．He started a training program.
B．He lost his job due to his poor performance.
C．He faced great challenges in raising his family.
D．He was determined to take up advanced studies.
5．What does the underlined part “ is analogous to ” in Paragraph 2 mean most probably?
A．is similar to. B．is useful for. C．is contrary to. D．is fit for.
6．What did the author stress in his book The Success Factor?
A．We’d better investigate adult-learning theory.
B．We’d better master more professional skills.
C．We should learn to maintain good mindsets.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂D．We should attach importance to our careers and lives.
7．Which of the following would the author agree with?
A．Failure is not an option.
B．Success can be learned.
C．People should try to achieve more.
D．It’s essential to identify our potential talent.
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过研究一些有极高成就的人，研究他们的习惯、心态和生活方式等发
现，成功是一种可以学习的技能，通过向最成功的科学家学习，我们可以将好的经验应用到我们的职业生
涯中。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句话“At the age of 43, while working a full-time job and raising my
family, I decided to pursue a doctorate(博士学位), studying the most successful physician-scientists of our
generation to investigate whether there was anything special about their habits, mindsets(思维模式)or lifestyles:
something that could be later replicated (复制) in researchers’ training programmes.（43岁时，我一边做着全职
工作，养着家，我一边决定攻读博士学位，研究我们这一代最成功的物理学家兼科学家，以调查他们的习
惯、心态和生活方式是否有什么特别之处：这些东西日后可以在研究人员的培训项目中复制）”可知，在
43岁的时候，作者决定攻读博士学位。故选D项。
5．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的一句话“On this basis, it indicates that if their mindsets are shared across
fields in this way, then success becomes a skill that can be learned, going far beyond potential talent.（在此基础上，
它表明，如果他们的心态以这种方式跨领域共享，那么成功就成为一种可以学习的技能，远远超越了潜在
的天赋）”，特别是句中的动词shared可知，划线词前面提到的诺贝尔奖获得者和划线词后面提到的奥运
会冠军或宇航员，他们的心态应该是有相似之处。也就是说划线词的意义为“与……相似”。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话“In my latest book, The Success Factor, I outlined the four mindsets
found in extreme high achievers and offered ideas, underlined(强调)by adult-learning theory, on how others can
develop the skills required to succeed in a way that fits in with their careers and lives.（在我的新书《成功因素》
中，我概述了成功人士的四种心态，并用成人学习理论强调了其他人如何发展成功所需的技能，以适应他
们的职业和生活）”可知，作者在他的书中强调我们应该学会保持良好的心态。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。作者通过研究一些有极高成就的人，研究他们的习惯、心态和生活方式等发现，成功是
一种可以学习的技能，通过向最成功的科学家学习，我们可以将好的经验应用到我们的职业生涯中。所以
作者认为成功是可以学习的。故选B项。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C
It is a great, big, wide-open sky over our heads, but when you are flying in a jet airliner at 600 miles an hour,
the sky is not so big. That’s part of the reason why, in the first four months of this year, the government said only 72
percent of all flights arrived on time, the lowest number since the recent system of reporting began in 1995.
The runways are full, the planes are jammed, and air traffic controllers complain they’re stressed out. And the
radar systems that keep things going are, in large part, technology of the 1960s. “It’s like driving down the road
with a paper bag over your head, and you’re trying to stay out of the way of other cars,” says Captain Karen Lee, a
747 pilot who heads operations for UPS, the delivery service.
At its center in Louisville, UPS is experimenting with the next generation in air traffic control: planes guided
by the satellites of the Global Positioning System, instead of radar.
Though it has advanced greatly over the years, radar is a technology that dates back to the second World War .
It scans the sky, looking for signals from planes in the air. Typically, air traffic radar only updates a plane’s position
once every 12 seconds or so—and in 12 seconds, a jet can move two miles or make a turn. What’s more, radar
signals can be blocked by storms or mountains. But with GPS signals, pilots can see in real time exactly where they
are, and where other planes are, too. A readout screen in the cockpit (驾驶舱) tells the pilots what’s around them.
“What we end up with is a very exact location for each aircraft in the system,” said Basil Barimo of the Air
Transport Association, which represents airlines.
8．According to the passage, we know that__________.
A．the sky over our heads is becoming smaller B．the condition of air traffic is terrible now
C．the service of air companies is quite bad D．fewer and fewer planes are in the sky
9．The planes are jammed, mainly because__________.
A．the number of planes is increasing too fast
B．the control system hasn’t kept up with the development of air traffic
C．there is not enough room for so many planes in the sky
D．the weather has become worse these years
10．What kind of air control system will be used instead of radar?
A．The Global Positioning System. B．A more advanced radar system.
C．A new unusual satellite. D．A readout screen in the cockpit.
11．Which of the following is a disadvantage of the radar system?
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂A．It can only update a plane’s position once every 12 minutes.
B．Its signals may not be received because of certain reasons.
C．The cost of radar is higher than the cost of the Global Positioning System.
D．Nothing can be done to improve the air traffic condition
【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今空中交通状况很糟糕，飞机很拥挤，主要是因为管制系统
没有跟上空中交通的发展。所以如今正在试验下一代空中交通控制系统：由全球定位系统卫星而不是雷达
引导的飞机。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The runways are full, the planes are jammed, and air traffic controllers
complain they’re stressed out.(跑道上挤满了飞机，飞机上也挤满了（人），空中交通管制员抱怨他们压力很
大)”可知，现在空中交通状况很糟糕。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And the radar systems that keep things going are, in large part, technology of
the 1960s. “It’s like driving down the road with a paper bag over your head, and you’re trying to stay out of the way
of other cars,” says Captain Karen Lee, a 747 pilot who heads operations for UPS, the delivery service.(而维持一
切运转的雷达系统，在很大程度上是20世纪60年代的技术。“这就像在路上开车，头上罩着一个纸袋，
还要尽量避开其他车，”负责快递服务公司联合包裹运营的波音747飞行员卡伦•李说)”可知，空中飞机很
拥挤，主要是因为管制系统没有跟上空中交通的发展。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“At its center in Louisville, UPS is experimenting with the next generation in air
traffic control: planes guided by the satellites of the Global Positioning System, instead of radar.(在其位于路易斯
维尔的中心，联合包裹公司正在试验下一代空中交通控制系统：由全球定位系统卫星而不是雷达引导的飞
机)”可知，全球定位系统的空中控制系统将用来代替雷达。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“What’s more, radar signals can be blocked by storms or mountains.(更重
要的是，雷达信号可能会被风暴或山脉阻挡)”可知，雷达系统的缺点是由于某些原因，它的信号可能接收
不到。故选B。
D
Have you ever wondered why you might be a little taller than your friends or family? Well, scientists believe
the mystery of why humans are growing taller and reaching puberty(青春期)earlier is due to something in the
brain.
We already know that better nutrition leads to greater height as humans have been growing taller on the whole
in recent centuries. Better nutrition also causes people to reach maturity (成 熟)faster. Genes also play a role in
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂how tall we become and we all grow and look according to the codes in our DNA．A lack of nutrition makes it
harder for us to reach the full potential of our own genes.
According to the University of Maryland, our body requires a certain amount of energy to make us grow. But a
new study suggests that a brain receptor (感受器)could be responsible for our growth. The study showed that the
brain receptor MC3R is responsible for signals from food reaching a part of the brain called the hypothalamus(下丘
脑).The hypothalamus is responsible for keeping things in check like body temperature and adjusting appetite and
weight.
MC3R’s not working properly tends to mean that people are shorter and start puberty much later. Professor Sir
Stephen O’ Rahilly, one of the authors of the study, said, “lt tells the body we’re great here and that we’ve got lots
of food, so grow quickly and have puberty soon.”
There is a lot about the brain we still don’t know. But this research could lead to further development of drugs
for children with delayed growth and puberty starting much later. More understanding of the receptor won’t mean
that we can make ourselves taller. That all still depends on genes, but it could help people with chronic (慢性
的)illnesses who need to build up muscle.
12．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Genes lead to faster maturity.
B．Nutrition determines a person’s height.
C．Better nutrition is important to growing taller.
D．Bad nutrition will change a person’s genes.
13．How does MC3R work to get you taller according to the new study?
A．By taking in a large amount of nutrition itself.
B．By having us check body temperatures regularly.
C．By sending signals to inspire us to have more nutrition.
D．By helping us control our appetite to lose weight.
14．The new finding will most probably help to
A．find ways to put off kid’s puberty
B．treat patients with chronic illness
C．find scientific exercise to get our muscle stronger
D．develop medicine for kids with delayed growth
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why Are Some People Shorter? Genes Are to Blame
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂B．Why Are Some People Shorter? Nutrition Is to Blame
C．Why Are Some People Taller? The Key Is in Our Appetite
D．Why Are Some People Taller? The Key Is in Our Brains
【答案】12．C 13．C 14．D 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了有些人比别人高的奥秘——关键在大脑。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“We already know that better nutrition leads to greater height as humans
have been growing taller on the whole in recent centuries. (我们已经知道，更好的营养导致更高的身高，因为
近几个世纪来，人类的整体身高一直在增长。)”可知，更好的营养导致更高的身高。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段第二三句“The study showed that the brain receptor MC3R is responsible for
signals from food reaching a part of the brain called the hypothalamus(下丘脑). (但一项新的研究表明，大脑感
受器可能负责我们的生长。研究表明，大脑感受器MC3R负责食物信号到达大脑的下丘脑。)”以及第四段
第二句“ Professor Sir Stephen O’ Rahilly, one of the authors of the study, said, “it tells the body we’re great here
and that we’ve got lots of food, so grow quickly and have puberty soon.” (Stephen O ' Rahilly教授是该研究的作
者之一，他说：“MC3R告诉我们的身体，我们在这里很好，我们有很多食物，所以生长得快，青春期也
快。” )”可知，MC3R是通过发出信号到达大脑的下丘脑，激励我们摄入更多营养让我们更高的。故选
C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“But this research could lead to further development of drugs for
children with delayed growth and puberty starting much later. (但这项研究可能会导致针对发育迟缓和青春期开
始较晚的儿童的药物的进一步开发。)”可知，新的研究发现可能会为发育迟缓的儿童开发药物提供帮助。
故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据首段“Have you ever wondered why you might be a little taller than your friends or
family?Well, scientists believe the mystery of why humans are growing taller and reaching puberty(青春期)earlier
is due to something in the brain. (你有没有想过为什么你可能比你的朋友或家人高一点？科学家们认为，人类
长高并提前进入青春期的奥秘在于大脑中的某种东西。)”可知，本文主要介绍有些人比别人高的奥秘——
关键在大脑。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. ___16___ Einstein was so smart that at age
16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. ___17___ He ended up at college in
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally.
Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! ____18____ One of the things he
researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing. This was explained by his
famous equation E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued
improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) .
In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive! _____19_____His
work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television.
_____20_____ And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940.
Sadly, Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert spent the rest of his life
taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955.
A．Albert spent lots of time in America.
B．Einstein loved to use his imagination.
C．His work turned modern physics on its head.
D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized.
E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems.
F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.
G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!
【答案】16．E 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。
16．上文“Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日
出生于德国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his
first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内
容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems(小时候，
他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。
17．由上文“However, Einstein did badly at school. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校
的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after
college, but a friend found him work finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，
但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said
he’d never achieve anything!(一位老师甚至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学
校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at school”相呼应。故选G。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂18．上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) four scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟
大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他
的研究的意义。C选项“His work turned modern physics on its head.(他的研究成果彻底改变了现代物理学)”
符合题意。故选C。
19．上文“In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!(1919年，
Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被
证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His work changed the way we think about time and space,
and also helped with developments like the television.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电
视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.(他
还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“one of Albert’s theories was
proved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。
20．下文“And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明
Albert Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lots of time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美
国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lots of time in America”与下文“decided to stay in the USA forever”相
呼应。故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。
No two snowflakes are alike?Wilson A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meteorologist, sought to answer that
question, dedicating himself to____21____flakes of snow for 50 years.
Bentley was born in 1865 and____22____on a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mother gave him an
old___23___.It was snowing that day, and the boy____24____getting a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with
the___25___. When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents to buy him a new, better microscope and a camera.His
father argued that it was a waste of time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wooden frame to____26____the
new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring out how to take a picture of a snowflake____27____a microscope.
On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the world’s first photo of snowflake. Every winter for the rest of his life,
Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n)___28___room in the back of the house. The process was difficult and cold.
(Outdoors, he collected snowflakes on a wooden tray that was painted___29___to observe it. Whenever it snowed,
Bentley caught and captured flakes, sometimes working all night. He found that most snowflakes had six sides,
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂___30___others looked like triangles, or columns—no two were alike.
Bentley___31___his snowflakes with anyone who was interested. He wrote articles for scientists and
for___32___such as National Geographic. Occasionally, he felt____33____that few people seemed to care about
his work.Still,he____34____stopped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as one of the first members of the American
Meteorological Society, which later____35____him its first research grant in 1924.
21．A．creating B．producing C．observing D．cleaning
22．A．worked B．raised C．ran D．helped
23．A．bag B．camera C．microscope D．tray
24．A．succeeded in B．turned in C．gave up D．gave in
25．A．time B．frame C．instruction D．instrument
26．A．hold B．fix C．adjust D．buy
27．A．without B．along C．under D．above
28．A．old B．unheated C．small D．cozy
29．A．black B．white C．new D．odd
30．A．or B．and C．so D．but
31．A．sold B．shared C．carried D．presented
32．A．magazines B．newspaper C．colleges D．companies
33．A．amazed B．excited C．discouraged D．encouraged
34．A．always B．once C．ever D．never
35．A．owed B．awarded C．praised D．considered
【答案】
21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．A 33．
C 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了本特利Bentley将拍摄雪花作为终身爱好和事业的故事。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民兼业余气象学家威尔逊·A·本特利（Wilson A.Bentley）试图回答这个
问题，他致力于50年来的观察雪花。 A. creating创造；B. producing产生；C. observing观察；D. cleaning
打扫。由后文“ Bentley studied snowflakes in a(n) 8 room in the back of the house. ”可知，本特利花
时间“观察”雪花。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利出生于1865年，在农场长大。 A. worked工作；B. raised举起，抚
养；C. ran运行；D. helped帮助。由前文“Bentley was born in 1865 and”可知，这里应讲他的成长，他是在
农场上被“抚养”大的。故选B项。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他15岁生日那天，本特利的母亲给了他一个旧的显微镜。A. bag袋子；
B. camera摄像机；C. microscope显微镜；D. tray盘。由后文“ a new, better microscope”可知，这里讲母亲
给他一个旧的“显微镜”。故选C项。
24．考查动词词组辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. succeeded in
成功；B. turned in上交；C. gave up放弃；D. gave in屈服。由后文“getting a glimpse of a six-sided
snowflake”可知，本特利“成功”地观察到了雪花。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. time时间；B.
frame框架；C. instruction指令；D. instrument仪器。由前文“Bentley’s mother gave him an old ”可知，
本特利用这旧的显微镜“仪器”观察到了雪花。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在
显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. hold举行，托住；B. fix修复；C. adjust调整；D. buy购买。由“ a wooden frame”
可知，这木制框架是用来“托住”显微镜的。故选A项。
27．考查介词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在
显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. without没有；B. along沿着；C. under在...下；D. above在...上面。由前文“getting
a glimpse of a six-sided snowflake with the 5 ”可知，本特利是“在显微镜下”观察拍摄雪花的。故选
C项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他余生的每一个冬天，本特利都会在房子后面一间没有暖气的房间里
研究雪花。A. old旧的；B. unheated未加热的，无暖气的；C. small小的；D. cozy舒适的。由“
snowflakes”可知，只有在“没有暖气”寒冷的地方才能观察雪花，否则雪花会融化。故选B项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在室外，他把雪花收集在一个漆成黑色的木托盘上观察。A. black黑色
的；B. white白色的；C. new新的；D. odd古怪的。由后文“to observe it”可知，雪花是白色的，所以只有
在“黑色”背景下才好观察。故选A项。
30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他发现大多数雪花都有六个边，但其他雪花看起来像三角形，或是柱子，
没有两个雪花是相同的。A. or或；B. and和；C. so因此；D. but但是。由后文“others looked like triangles,
or columns”可知，这和前面一句话形成转折关系。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利与任何感兴趣的人分享了雪花。A. sold出售；B. shared分享；C.
carried携带；D. presented呈现。由后文“anyone who was interested”可知，他应该是和有相同爱好的人
“分享”自己的发现。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为科学家和《国家地理》等杂志撰写文章。A. magazines杂志；B.
newspaper报纸；C. colleges大学；D. companies公司。由后文“National Geographic”可知，这是一本“杂
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂志”。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，他觉得似乎很少有人关心他的工作。A. amazed惊讶的；B.
excited激动的；C. discouraged沮丧的；D. encouraged受鼓舞的。由后文“few people seemed to care about
his work.”可知，没人关注他的工作，这会让他“感到沮丧的”。故选C项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是没有停了下来。 A. always总是；B. once一次；C. ever
曾经；D. never从不。由“Still”以及前文可知，虽然很少人关注他，他仍然“不”停下来，继续他的爱好。
故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1920年，本特利当选为美国气象学会首批成员之一，该学会后来于1924
年向他颁发了第一笔研究资助。A. owed欠；B. awarded授予；C. praised称赞；D. considered考虑。由后文
“ its first research grant in 1924”可知，这是给他“授予”的奖励。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new ____36____ (invent)”
— high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycles, and online shopping.
China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing Hao, ____37____ can travel at a speed of 350km/h, is
now one of the ____38____ (fast) trains in the world. Besides high-speed rail, China ____39____ (improve)
people’s lives in many other innovative (创新的) ways over the last ten years.
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made ____40____ much more convenient and
popular both in China and overseas. The leading Chinese biking-sharing companies Mobike and Ofo are now
operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.
And back in China, ____41____ (ride) a shared bike, you can stop to buy and eat whatever you want
____42____ (simple) with a tap on your phone. You could easily pay with your smart phone by ____43____
(scan) the seller’s QR code. Cashless payment has grown into ____44____ choice for Chinese people — even a
pancake seller is using Alipay.
Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing to youths from 20 countries taking part
_____45_____ the Belt and Road Initiative, and they wish their countries would emulate (效仿) China in terms of
technological achievements.
【答案】
36．inventions 37．which 38．fastest 39．has improved 40．it 41．riding 42．simply 43．
scanning 44．a 45．in
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了中国 “四大新发明” 改善了人们的生活，也在改变着世界。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂36．考查名词。句意：中国以“四大新发明”——高铁、电子支付、共享自行车和网上购物——再次展示
了它改变世界的能力。空前有形容词new，应修饰名词；invent是动词，名词为 invention；根据数词four
可知应为名词复数形式。故填inventions。
37．考查定语从句。句意：中国新一代高铁——“复兴号”动车组列车，时速可达350公里，是目前世界
上最快的列车之一。分析句子结构，“____ can travel at a speed of 350 km/h”是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先
行词the Fuxing Hao，指物，在从句中做主语，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
38．考查形容词。句意：中国新一代高铁——“复兴号”动车组列车，时速可达350公里，是目前世界上
最快的列车之一。根据句意，应为“最快的列车之一”，用fast的最高级形式作定语，故填fastest。
39．考查时态。句意：除了高铁，在过去十年里，中国还以许多其他创新的方式改善了人们的生活。时间
状语over the last ten years常与现在完成时连用，表示对现在的影响和结果，意为“已经改善了”；主语是
China，谓语动词用单数，故填has improved。
40．考查代词。句意：例如，共享自行车服务本身并不是什么新鲜事。但中国已经使它在国内和海外更方
便、更受欢迎。所填词指代上一句的bike sharing，用代词it作宾语，故填it。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：回到中国，骑上一辆共享单车，你可以停下来买任何你想吃的东西，只要轻
轻敲一下你的手机。分析句子结构可知ride与逻辑主语you构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填
riding。
42．考查副词。句意：回到中国，骑上一辆共享单车，你可以停下来买任何你想吃的东西，只要轻轻敲一
下你的手机。修饰介词短语with a tap on your phone应该用副词作状语。故填simply。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过扫描卖家的二维码，你就可以轻松地使用智能手机支付。介词by意为
“凭借/通过……途径/方式”，后接动名词作宾语。故填scanning。
44．考查冠词。句意：无现金支付已经成为中国人的一种选择。根据句意，此处为不定冠词a 表示数量，
意为“一个，一种”；choice的发音是以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。
45．考查固定短语。句意：这四种创新的生活方式对参与“一带一路”建设的20个国家的青年人最具吸引
力。短语take part in表示“参加”，故填in。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46．假设你是李华，要参加学校的英语征文活动。这次征文要求大家给一位历史人物写感谢信，感谢他
(她)为人类的进步所做出的贡献。内容请包括：
1. 历史人物的名字(称呼里体现)及其贡献；2. 该人物对你的影响和启发；
3. 你对他(她)表达感谢。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂注意：词数100词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________
【答案】Dear Li Shizhen,
I am Li Hua, a high school student. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you all for your devotion.
You are a scholar and doctor of the Ming dynasty. You are also one of the most important figures in China’s
medical community. Your famous book, Compendium of Materia Medica, which cost you years of effort, has been
regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine. What
impressed me most is your perseverance shown in your career. Encouraged by you, I’m determined to work harder
for my dream.
I can never express my thankfulness too much for your selfless contribution.
Thank you again, and best regards!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生要求大家给一位历史人物写感谢信，感谢他(她)为人类的进
步所做出的贡献。
【详解】1.词汇积累
诚挚的：sincere →heartfelt
著名的：famous→ well-known
被认为是：regarded as→ considered as
受到鼓舞：encouraged→ inspired
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Encouraged by you, I’m determined to work harder for my dream.
拓展句：Because I am encouraged by you, I’m determined to work harder for my dream.
【点睛】【高分句型1】What impressed me most is your perseverance shown in your career.(运用了what引导
的主语从句)
【高分句型2】Encouraged by you, I’m determined to work harder for my dream.(运用了过去分词短语
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Encouraged by you做原因状语)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasn't keen on getting one. Somehow,
I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more often than
not, I hated it. I didn't grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern
technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.
They weren't satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e-mails. We were
quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted
we learn to text as well. We couldn't get a break.
I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here. Those kids of ours were
determined to set up a joint account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on (激怒) their
nerves considering the drama they'd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldn't
hurt those two.
More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting smartphones. I
will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know
in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband-not
so much. To this day, he would happily take back his flip phone.
Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology-Alexa. The girls took
our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell
Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use
yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the
hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂We should thank our children and grandchildren.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
【答案】One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. I tried to say “Turn on the light” to
it countless times, but Alexa didn’t work. “New technologies are always unreliable.” my husband complained. I
searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alex couldn’t work. I just needed to tell Alex to set the
light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light. Then Alex turned on the light
itself.
We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use
technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and
boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under
pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make
our life more convenient.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的孩子们为自己和丈夫推荐了许多现代科技产品，作者从很
有压力变得喜欢上它们，有一种成就感，但是作者的丈夫不太喜欢。去年圣诞节，孩子们给作者的智能手
机安装了Alexa程序，可以打开或者关闭灯。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天晚上，当我发出命令时，Alexa没有开灯。”可知，第一段可描写作者和丈夫
对此的不同反应，作者用孩子们教会的技能想到办法解决问题。
②由第二段首句内容“我们应该感谢我们的子孙。”可知，第二段可描写作者感受到孩子们教会的科技是
有用处的，感谢孩子们。
2.续写线索：Alexa不工作——丈夫抱怨——作者想办法——Alexa被修好——感谢孩子们——科技的用处
3.词汇激活
行为类
①打开：turn on/switch on
②教：teach/instruct
③找到：find/seek out
情绪类
①感谢：thank/appreciate
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂②压力：pressure/stress
【点睛】【高分句型1】I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alex couldn’t work.（由
关系副词why引导限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to
make our life more convenient.（由连接词that引导表语从句）
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
