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Unit 5 Languages around the World 词汇学习1 + 语篇训练 (教师版)【新教材精创】
2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学（人教版必修第一册）
Step 1 词汇分类记忆
Task 1 阅读词汇(英译中)
1, reference 参考；指称关系 15, appreciate 欣赏；重视；感激
2, ups and downs 沉浮；兴衰；荣辱 16, specific 特定的；明确的
3, despite 即使；尽管 17, character 人物；性格；汉字
4, factor 因素；要素 18, gap差距；间隙；开口
5, based 以……为基础的；以……为重要部 19, semester学期
分的
20, pants裤子；内裤；短裤
6, date back (to...) 追溯到
21, description 描写 ( 文字 ) ; 形容
7, symbol 符号；象征
22, Korean n. 朝鲜 ( 或韩国 ) 语；朝鲜 ( 或韩
8, shell 壳；壳状物 国 ) 人 ; adj. 朝鲜 ( 或韩国 ) 的
9, carve 雕刻 23, Danish n. 丹麦语；丹麦人；adj. 丹麦
的
10,dynasty 王朝；朝代
24, Denmark丹麦
11,dialect 地方语；方言
25,Arabic阿拉伯语
12,regard n . 尊重；关注 ; vt . 把……视为
26, FIFA国际足联
13,calligraphy 书法；书法艺术
27, CE (Common Era)公园
14, affair 公共事务；事件；关系
Task 2 写作词汇(中译英)
1, 提到；参考；查阅refer 4, 出生地的；本地的；土著的；本地人
native
2, 指的是；描述；提到；查阅(短语) refe r
to 5, 态度；看法attitude
3, 体系；制度；系统system 6, 十亿 b illion
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂7, 以……为据点；以……为基础；底部； → 母语 mother tongue =native language
根据base
17, 观点；看法point of view
8, 骨头；骨(质) bone
18, 汽油；气体 gas
9, (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
19, 汽油(NAmE gas) petrol
variety
20, 地铁subway
10, 主要的；重要的；主修课程；主修；专
门研究major 21, 公寓套房apartment
11, 不论哪里/谁/什么等等；不管哪里/谁/什 22, 恳求；乞求；哀求beg
么等等 no matter where / who / what etc .
23, 同等的人；相等物；相同的；同样的
12, 方式；方法；途径means equal
13, 传统的；最优秀的；典型的；经典作品； 24, 要求；需求；强烈要求；查问demand
名著classic
25, 词汇vocabulary
14, 全球的；全世界的global
26, 联系；讲述relate
15, 斗争；奋斗；拼搏struggle
27, 与……相关；涉及；谈到relate to
16, 舌头；语言tongue
Task 3 词性变换或常用词块
1, reference→v. refer 2, base→adj. based→n. basis(基础；基底)
3, symbol→adj. s ymbolic 4, Danish→n. Denmark 丹麦
5, affair→常用词块: have an affair with sb.与某人有暧昧关系；foreign affairs 外交事务
6, appreciate→n. appreciation 7, specific→adv. specific ally
8, semester→同义词：term 9, description→v. describe
10, Korean→n. Korea / South Korea (韩国)→North Korea(朝鲜)
11, system→adj. systematic 有系统的；分类的；体系的；有条理的
12, attitude→常用词块: an/the attitude to/towards...对……的态度
13, variety→adj. various →v. vary 14, major→ n. majority 大多数；多数；多数党；多
数派
15, global →n. globe 地球(仪)；球体；世界→常用词块: global warmin g 全球气候变暖
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂16, equal→ adv. equal ly →n. equality 17, beg→ n. beggar 乞丐；穷人
18, relate→adj. related 相关的；有亲属关系的；属于同一种类的(或组别的)→n. rela tion 关
系；联系；亲戚；陈述；参考
Step 2 词汇运用检测。
Task 1 Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese meaning.
1. It took them more than one billion dollars to complete the project.
完成这个工程花费了他们十亿多美元。
2. Some computers can perform over a billion computation a second.
有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。
3. He's emigrated to the USA and gone completely native.
他已移居美国，完全成了美国人。
4. My native language is Chinese. 我的母语是汉语。
5. The kangaroo is a native of Australia.袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。
6. He is a Beijing native. 他是土生土长的北京人。
7. We must maintain a firm attitude. 我们必须采取坚定的态度。
8. She shows a very positive attitude to her work. 她工作态度非常积极。
9. This book is for reference only. 这本书仅供参考。
10. This frame of reference will be determined by the limitations on the rational man's
knowledge.
这个参照系统决定于理性人知识的限制。
11. We referred the proposal to the board of directors. 我们把这一建议提交董事会处理。
12. You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.
你应当把这事提交总部去决定。
13. You can refer to a dictionary if necessary. 如果有必要，你可以参考字典。
14. The speaker often referred to his notes.那位演讲者一再参考他的讲稿。
15. The rule refers only to special cases. 这条规则只涉及一些特殊的情况。
16. I was not referring to her when I said so. 当我那么说时,我并不是指她。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂17. The drainage system has been aged. 排水系统已经老化了。
18. The magazine is produced using a desktop publishing system.
这本杂志用一个桌面的出版系统做出来的。
19. Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。
20. Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。
Task 2 单句语法填空
1. Her bosom rose (rise) and fell as she breathed.
The determinate factor of our economy (economic)is to control inflation.
3. The committee's support is an important factor in the success (succeed) of the project.
4. We are based (base) in Chicago.
5. The company's headquarters is based in London.
6. I found a small leaf at the base of the flower.
7. Our mission was over, and went (go) back to our base.
8. This novel is based on historical facts.
9. Scientists (science) have dated the fossils by their bone structure.
10. Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the bone operation(operate).
11. There is an ornament made (make) of shells on the wall.
12. All that remained of the building after the fire was an empty shell.
13. The chemical (chemistry) symbol for copper is "Cu".
14. The statue was carved (carve) out of marble(大理石).
15. We will look for a pumpkin, to carve into a jack-o-lantern.
16. How many dynasties (dynasty) are there in China's history?
17. The Qing Dynasty ended (end) in 1911.
18. The hotel offers its guests a wide variety (various)of amusements.
19. Last week we went (go) to a variety show.
20. That is why the television networks keep serving (serve) up old movies and second-rate
variety programmes.
Task 3 Translation.
1. 那个城市聚集了全国大部分人口。(major)
The city holds the major portion of the population in the country.
2. 教育孩子成为诚实的人是我们的主要目标之一。(major)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Teaching children to be an honest person is one of our major objectives.
3. 他是主修历史的学生。(major)
He is a history major.
4. 她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
She majored in maths and physics at university.(major)
5. 不管她在哪里，她都会是幸福的。(No matter where)
No matter where she may be, she will be happy.
6. 她说一口方言，不是标准英语。(dialect)
She speaks a dialect, not the Queen's English.
7. 有什么方法可以到那里吗？(means)
Are there any means of getting there?
8. 我们用词句来表达思想。(means)
We express our thought by means of words.
9.《战争与和平》是一部经典文学著作。(classic)
War and Peace is a literary classic.
10. 这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。(classic)
The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.
11. 这位艺术家非常受尊敬。(regard)
The artist was highly regarded.
12. 我把看书当作一种消遣的形式。(regard)
I regard reading as a form of recreation.
13. 我这样做是出于对我妹妹的关心。(regard)
I have done that out of regard for my sister.
14. 这孩子个性很强。(character)
The boy has a strong character.
15.他因品质高尚而被人怀念。(character)
He is remembered for the nobility of his character.
16. 您可以在那个书架上找到有关书法的书。(calligraphy)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂You can find books about calligraphy on that shelf.
17. 绿色运动是全球性的现象。(global)
The green campaign is a global phenomenon.
18. 空气污染是全球性的问题。(global)
Air pollution is a global problem.
19. 他们的风流韵事是公开的秘密。(love affair)
Their love affair is an open secret.
20. 我很欣赏他对工作的极端专注。(appreciate)
I really appreciate his complete absorption in his work.
Step 3 语篇提升训练 (语法填空)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1
When you own a house, there is always something that needs to be done. I have been putting
off 1. repainting (repaint) the garage. I decided that it was time for me to repaint it this weekend. I
went to 2 . a home improvement store early in the morning to get what I 3 . needed (need). I walked
into the wonderful store and began looking 4. for the paint department. I tried to find a store
employee to ask about it, 5. but there was no one in sight. I walked down the plumbing aisles (过
道) and 6. finally (final) found the paint department. I looked at the paint samples and found the
color I wanted. I 7. took (take) a number to have my paint mixed. When my number was called, I
gave the employee the sample of the color I wanted. At the same time, I got some brushes and rags.
After about twenty 8. minutes (minute), the employee called 9. my (I) number and I picked up my
paint and the other supplies. I went to the counter, where I waited for 10. more (much) than 10
minutes to pay. After all that, I was tired. But I haven't even started painting yet! Maybe I'll do that
the next weekend.
答案与解析：
1.repainting
答案：repainting
解析：考查动名词。put off doing sth意为：推迟做某事。
2.a
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂答案：a
解析：考查冠词。首次提到的事物用不定冠词，且home是辅音音素开头的，故填a。
3.needed
答案：needed
解析：考查动词的时态。表示去商店的目的是为了“买我所要的东西”根据上下文可知需
要用一般过去时。
4.for
答案：for
解析：考查介词。很据上下文，作者去商店买东西，因此到了商店后开始寻找自己需要的
东西。look for意为寻找，是固定搭配。
5.but
答案：but
解析：考查连词。根据上下文可知此处前后存在转折关系，故要用转折连词but。
6.finally
答案：finally
解析：考查副词。在句中作状语，故用副词形式。
7.took
答案：took
解析：考查时态。根据上下文可知此处要用一般过去时态。
8.minutes
答案：minutes
解析：考查名词。根据twenty知此处用名词复数。
9.my
答案：my
解析：考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。
10.more
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂答案：more
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后文than 10 minutes to pay可知，作者等了十多分钟去付款。
2
I often walk from work to the Embarcadero BART station, where I catch a train back to the
East Bay. Several times, I passed 1. a gentleman who I thought was homeless. He had a lot of his
things 2. tied (tie) down to his bike and held a cardboard sign saying he was a person who didn't
drink or smoke, but would appreciate anything that could 3. be given (give). He usually had
headphones on and was listening to the radio. Several times, 4. when I passed him, I realized I had
some food with me. So I turned around and offered 5. him (he) the food (most recently, a
hamburger). He took off his headphones, and said, "Umm, 6. hamburgers (hamburger) are my
favorite!" with a big smile on his face. He thanked me so 7. warmly (warm). In the past, I met
homeless people who turned down the food I was offering, 8. saying (say) that they wanted only
money instead. So this 9. amazing (amaze) gentleman being so open to receiving touched me. Am
I grateful when I'm gifted 10. with something? Sometimes yes, sometimes no, but rarely as
sincere as this man has been.
答案与解析：
1.a
答案：a
解析：考查冠词。首次提到的名词，表示泛指用不定冠词修饰，且 gentleman是辅音音素开
头的，故填冠词a。
2.tied
答案：tied
解析：考查分词。have sth done为固定搭配。
3.be given
答案：be given
解析：考查语态。anything 与give之间为被动关系，又因情态动词后用动词原形，故填 be
given。
4.when
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂答案：when
解析：考查连词。此处需要一个连词，表示在……的时候。
5.him
答案：him
解析：考查代词。用him 指代上文中的那个gentleman。
6.hamburgers
答案：hamburgers
解析：考查名词。由 are可知此处用复数形式，故填hamburgers。
7.warmly
答案：warmly
解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词用副词。
8.saying
答案：saying
解析：考查非谓语动词。homeless people 与say之间是主动关系，故此处要用动词的 ing形
式作伴随状语。
9.amazing
答案：amazing
解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词。
10.with
答案：with
解析：考查介词。be gifted with sth是固定搭配，表示被赠予某事物。
阅读理解
A篇
British English and American English are almost the same. But there are slight differences
between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar.
The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small
number of words are used disparately. For example, when talking about the place where they live,
Americans would say "apartment", but the British would say "flat". In addition to some common
words, many idiomatic (惯用的) expressions are also different. In England people might say "I'll
ring you up tonight", but in the US, people might say "I'll call you up tonight".
The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main
difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British
dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Americans and the British don't understand each
other's pronunciation. But most of the time, they do understand each other's pronunciation because
most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same.
The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words are
spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like
"center". In British English, this word would be spelled C-E-N-T-R-E, while in American English
the same word would be spelled C-E-N-T-E-R. Another example is "or" vs "our". The word "color"
is spelled C-O-L-O-U-R in Britain but C-O-L-O-R in the US.
There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say "Have you got ...?" while
Americans prefer "Do you have ...?" An American might say "My friend just arrived", but a British
would say "My friend has just arrived". Sometimes function words are used differently: the British
may say "at the weekend", but Americans would say "on the weekend".
1.What is this passage mainly about?
A. How the British communicate with Americans.
B. How British English influences American English.
C. The development of different languages.
D. Differences between British and American English.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要向我们介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的一
些差异。
2. What does the underlined word "disparately" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Widely. B. Differently. C. Again. D. Often.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据后文的…when talking about the place where they live, Americans
would say “apartment”, but the British would say “flat”.可知，这里是说有些单词的用法“不一
样”，由此可知答案。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂3. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may not understand each other because
of ______.
A. the differences in spelling B. the different idiomatic expressions
C. the differences in grammar D. the different ways of using vowels
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels.可
知答案。
4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
A. B. C. D.
答案：B
解析：篇章结构题。文章第一段总领全文，指出英式英语和美式英语存在四个方面的差异，
后面四段分点进行对比分析，由此可知答案。
B
Only about 10% of deaf people use sign language as their first language. Many people losing
their hearing through illness or other causes prefer to speak or lip-read.
Lip-reading is a difficult skill to acquire. Even the best lip-readers can catch only 25% — 30%
of what is being said. The percentage may be a little higher if the deaf people know the speakers
well. This is because many mouth movements are similar and may look the same to them.
Actually, many deaf people are not physically mute (哑的) and have the ability to speak. They
do not want to be labeled as "deaf-mute". The reason why some deaf people may choose not to
speak is that it is difficult for them to control the volume or sound of their voices in an
understandable manner. Many deaf people do speak well, but they may speak to communicate
when needed, such as shouting to get the attention of others.
For some deaf people, English is a second language. So they struggle to understand written
English, especially in highly stressful or serious situations, to better communicate with others. Of
course, a sign language interpreter may be needed to make communication easier if the deaf people
have a good grasp of sign language.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Some people may be likely to shout at deaf people so as to make themselves fully understood.
In fact, it doesn't work. If a speaker increases the volume of his voice, his face would become
distorted (扭曲的) and it is more difficult for the deaf to lip-read.
Hearing aids can increase sounds and may be helpful to some deaf people. However, some
other deaf people may have a hearing loss that would distort sounds — making sounds more
difficult to understand. Still others don't benefit from hearing aids at all, particularly if they do not
have any remaining hearing.
5. What made lip-reading difficult to learn?
A. Physical problems. B. Similar mouth movements.
C. The stressful situations. D. Hearing loss.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由第二段最后一句 This is because many mouth movements are similar and
may look the same to them.可知答案。
6. Why don't some deaf people choose to speak?
A. Because they can't control their volume and sound.
B. Because they can communicate better in sign language.
C. Because they are afraid of being laughed at.
D. Because speaking does harm to their voices.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段…it is difficult for them to control the volume or sound of
their voices in an understandable manner.可知，耳聋者并非都是哑巴，他们在与他人沟通时不
选择说话是因为他们无法控制说话的声音和音量。
7. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The deaf have difficulty in communication.
B. Hearing aids are of little use to the deaf.
C. The deaf communicate with others through facial expressions.
D. Sign language interpreters communicate well with all deaf people.
答案：A
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了耳聋者是如何与他人沟通交流的，
文章末段还提到了对耳聋者有帮助的助听器，故可推测，耳聋者在日常交流的时候会遇到
一些困难。
8. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To tell how the deaf communicate with others.
B. To teach us how to communicate with the deaf.
C. To call for the whole society to help the deaf.
D. To express sympathy for the deaf people.
答案：A
解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，作者介绍了耳聋者在日常生活中与他人交流时常
用的几种方法及其原因，由此可知答案。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
