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专题 01 动词时态、语态和主谓一致
目录
考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升
学以致用：提升专练，全面突破
考点一 一般时态
考点二 进行时态
考点三 完成时态
考点四 完成进行时
考点五 被动语态
考点六 主谓一致
考点一 一般时态
(一)一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time,
now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is
only 20 miles. 周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于 go, arrive, leave, start, stay,
return, begin, come, close等动词。
The shop at 11：00 p．m.every day.这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
3．如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
The president hopes that the people will be better off when he than when he started.这位总统
希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司基础题
1.His parents hope he can follow his heart when he (选择) his job.
2.Chinese Language Day on April 20th every year， the same day as Guyu.(fall)
3.Worry is a total waste of time. It (not change) anything.
(二)一般过去时
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可
以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与 yesterday, the other day, last
week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith in love with the people and culture
there. 史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
2. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般
过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。
Edward, you play so well.But I you played the piano.爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不
知道你会弹钢琴。
基础题
1.Five minutes ago， Linda (锁) the door and left with her mum.
2.Hobo has just moved here and this is the third time he has (迷失)his way.
3. I (hear) from my parents once a month when I was at primary school.
4.Qi Baishi (start) to learn painting by himself at a young age and finally achieved a great success.
5.As soon as Mum got home yesterday， she (hang) her coat behind the door and went to the kitchen
to prepare supper.
(三)一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语
tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋
动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts with
success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
—What time is it? ——几点了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute, I it for you. ——我不知道。但是请稍等，
我给您查查。
2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, Beijing this summer. 史密斯
博士将在今年夏天与他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Look, dark clouds are gathering.It soon, I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想
快要下雨了。
3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
You in your papers by 10 o’clock.到10点你必须得上交试卷。
A meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。
4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可以
和并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的从句连用。
Tom the windows his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要
关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
基础题
1.—Amy， do you know how to make a QR code?
—Of course. I (show) you the steps.
2.Keep your eyes open， or you (miss) the most exciting moment of the magic.
3.But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.
4.As long as you put in more effort, you progress in your schoolwork.(make)
一般时提高题
单句语法填空
1．This ancient Chinese art, known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订), ________ (stretch) back more than 1，
000 years to the Tang dynasty.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研]
2．In the race, a drummer ________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on the beat, while
a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研]
3．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ________ (be) 289 square
kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now.[2023·山东省高三百
师联盟联考]
考点二 进行时态
(一)现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
We today a strange new world and we what we are
going to do with it.
我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们将要怎么对待它。
2．表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用
学科网（北京）股份有限公司现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
Food supplies in the floodstricken area .We must act immediately before
there’s none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前立刻行动。
基础题
1.he whole town is c the opening of the new bridge with a huge party.
2.It seems that families are more and more time together.(spend)
3.Look! The children (circle) a robot， talking about science development.
4.—Hello， is that James speaking?
—Sorry， this is John. James (have) supper.
5.—Why are you so busy the whole afternoon?
—We (plan) to have a fashion show for poor children this Friday.
(二)过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语at that
time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
Susan had quit her wellpaid job and as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her
last year. 苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连
用。
Jack in the lab the power cut occurred. 突然断电时，
杰克正在实验室里工作。
基础题
1.—Andy， what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon?
—I the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.
A.watch B.watched
C.was watching D.am watching
2.The farmer (harvest) crops in the field from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. yesterday.
3.While we (eat) breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
(三)将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this
time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she a class at that time.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司简不能参加今天下午三点的会，因为那个时间段她有课。
进行时提高题
单句语法填空/完成句子
1．Now the local authorities ________ (work) to standardize and modernize operations at the restaurants to turn
the brand into a successful and safe food business worldwide.[2023·辽宁省五校联考]
2．Listen! Mary ________________________．听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。
3．He ________________________ from 3：00 to 5：00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直
在家看电视。
4．They ____________________ at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。
考点三 完成时态
(一)现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语
有already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。
The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last three months. 在
过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演出。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since＋时间点， for＋时间段
等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry, the piano for years.——抱歉，我已经好多年没有弹钢琴了。
His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自上个月出
版以来就获得了很好的评价。
3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will you come to my office when you your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，
好吗？
名师点津
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时 用于叙述过去的动作，与现在无关
所叙述的动作发生在过去某个或某段时间，该动作与现在有关系，可能对现
现在完成时
在产生影响，也可能一直持续下去
Mr.Smith in Beijing for 5 years.(现在还在北京住着)
Mr.Smith in Beijing for 5 years.(现在已不在北京)
学科网（北京）股份有限公司基础题
1.—May I speak to Wang Li?
—Sorry， she is not at home. She since last month.
A.left B.has left
C.has been away D.went away
2.So far some states in the USA (introduce) a new way to avoid this—Traffic School.
3.The river has r several meters so far because of the rainstorms.
4.Through storytelling, my children's thinking skills a lot since they were 3 years old.(develop)
5.—Shall we go to the art exhibition this Sunday?
—Good idea, but I (promise) to go to the library with my sister.
(二)过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表
示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college.杰克从英国回到家时，
他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有 before, by
then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they for me.
过了好久我才能够完全理解他们为我做那些事。
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示
过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
我本希望送给彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了，但我没能做到。
名师点津
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/That is the first/...time＋that sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb.had done
这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did；It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从某人做
某事以来多久了。
(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than... 一……就……。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
考点四 完成进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状
语有all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司I’m tired out.I all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，我好像什么事也没完成。
Tom in the library every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The students hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded
with success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
提高题
1．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ________ (organize) a yearly autumn
trip for those who have retired from their posts.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟]
2．In the past few years, the country ________ (enhance) legal and technological support for the protection of its
world natural heritage, establishing a management system with Chinese characteristics.[2023·湖北省第一次质量
监测]
3．Opening in July, the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy
________ (hold) such a long exhibition in Beijing.[2023·高三日照市校际联合考试]
4．By the end of 2021, the “digital Dunhuang project” ______________(complete) the digital collection of 268
grottoes.[2023·聊城模拟]
考点五 被动语态
被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”， 被动语态的构成形式还有get/become＋过去分词。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。
1．各种时态中被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
2.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention，please! A meeting in the office at 8：00 a. m. tomorrow. Everyone
to attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司(2)强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman to hospital.那位女士被送进了医院。
(3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。
The idea by those who wished to make much money.想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
【名师指津】
①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
The plan ．这项计划就要被放弃了。
Bad habits ．坏习惯已经改掉了。
②含情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
He from going.必须阻止他去。
The plan into practice as soon as possible.这项计划应该尽早执行。
③“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient once a week.那位病人一周治疗一次。
He fell off the car and ．他从汽车上掉下来，摔死了。
3．主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound, taste, look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以
主动形式表示被动意义，指其本身具有的属性、特征等。
Her voice ．
(2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来
表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
The music isn't ．这音乐不好听。
This kind of radio doesn't ．这种收音机销路不好。
基础题
1.iangsu automatic(自动的) test of listening and speaking (hold) in April every year.
2.You (expect) to be more organized in high school. So you can keep a diary.
3.It is said that this museum (name) after Qu Qiubai many years ago.
4.The plan they paid much attention to (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting.
5.Luckily， many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
6.In the past six months， a lot of talent shows on TV (cancel). It’s believed that the government has acted
to clean up the entertainment industry.
提高题
单句语法填空
1．Right now more than 9，800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1，800 ________
(establish) last year.[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试]
学科网（北京）股份有限公司2．Nowadays, tofu ________ (serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is
designed around its textures.[2023·南京六校高三调研]
3．The concept ________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.[2023·烟台市高三考前
热身]
4．The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote
(死记硬背的) learning should ________ (reduce), the notice said.[2023·重庆市高三第一次诊断]
考点六 主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就
近一致原则。
（1）语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging
our health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
Everything in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，
让人发疯。
What he said far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than,
including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Amy, as well as her brothers, given a warm welcome when returning to the village last
week.
上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时，受到了热烈的欢迎。
I think Tom, rather than you to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这
起事故负责任。
3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
名师点津
如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整
体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people. 我在会议上
经常提到的那位作家兼教授，在那些人中很受欢迎。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that ever been written by Mo Yan. 这是莫言所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who well in class.她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好
的。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语
时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这
一段痛苦的过程。
Every boy and every girl to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望
参加周日的聚会。
（2）意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，
谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有 family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience
等。
The whole class, which made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls told
to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下来开一个重要的会。
名师点津
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police searching for the murderer in the mountain. 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。
2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示
的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth covered by water. 总共有
超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick been cured and the lost been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的
人也都找到了。
4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及
其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth being washed away
each year.
由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of people invited one hundred, but a number of them
absent for different reasons. 收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Three thousand dollars quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元
是一笔大数目。
（3）就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与
最近的主语保持一致。
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你
的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2．在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
基础题
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.
2.Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.
3.Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.
4.The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.
5.The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.
6.The police (be)looking for the murderer.
7.His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.
8.I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.
9.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.
10.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
11.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.
提高题
单句语法填空
1．Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills.
[2023·青岛市高三调研]
2．The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃
for 400 hours can it be made into an object.[2023·邯郸市高三模拟]
3．What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.[2023·漳州市第二次
质量检测]
4．However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional.[2023·唐山市第一次模拟]
5．While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be)
quite useful.[2023·辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟]
提升专练
基础题
语篇填空
The Dragon Dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture. It 1. (spread) all over China
and to the whole world so far.
Traditionally， dragons 2. (make) of wood. However， in modern times， dragons 3.
(be) much lighter because they are made of lighter materials like plastics. The length of dragons can be from 25 to
35 meters for acrobatic(杂技的) models， and up to 50 to 70 meters for the larger parade(游行) styles
because people believe that the longer the dragon is， the more luck it4. (bring) to the community.
A small organization cannot run a very long dragon because it 5. (require) great human power， much
money and special skills.
The Dragon Dance itself 6. (begin) during the Han Dynasty. And it
7. (start) by the Chinese who had shown great respect for the dragon. It was already a popular event
during the Song Dynasty.
At that time， it 8. (become) a popular activity like the Lion Dance. People could often see it
during some important festivals. In the Qing Dynasty， the Dragon Dance Team of Fuzhou 9. (invite)
to put on a show in Beijing. And the emperor 10. (speak) highly of it.
提高题
语段填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
The first zoo 1.________(establish) around 3 ，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal
enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2.________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and
wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.
Some of the early European zoos 3.________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of
which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4.________(replace) by research centers and animals there were
studied and 5.________(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the
1940s，scientists 6.________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos
7.________(try) to save many endangered species ， but relying on zoos 8.________(save) species is not
enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.
Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.________(watch) carefully for any
signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated
when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs
学科网（北京）股份有限公司10.________ (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
