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人教版 必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and fitness
必修第二册 Unit 3 On the move；选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Faster，
外研版
higher，stronger
必修第二册 Unit 2 Be sporty，be healthy；选择性必修第二册 Unit 2
译林版
Sports culture
北师大版 必修第一册 Unit 2 Sports and fitness
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．surfing n．冲浪(运动)
2．skiing n．滑雪(运动)
3．backboard n．篮板
4．roller skating滑旱冰
5．net n．(the net)球门网；网，网状物
6．pull-up n．引体向上
7．semi-final n．半决赛
8．flame n．火焰，火舌
9．tournament n．锦标赛
10．badminton n．羽毛球
11．bowling n．保龄球
12．bench n．(场边的)运动员休息区
13．shortcut n．捷径，近路
14．stadium n．体育场
15．sportsmanship n．体育精神
16．skydiving n．跳伞运动
17．boxing n．拳击(运动)
18．relay n．接力赛 vt.转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播19．chest n．胸部；大箱子
20．intense adj.紧张的；激烈的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．session n．一段时间，一场；会议(期)，开庭(期)；学年
2．gymnastics n．体操，体操训练
3．motto n．(pl.mottoes，mottos)格言，座右铭
4．amateur n．业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行 adj.业余的
5．nerve n．勇气，气魄
6．route n．路线；路途；途径
7．skip v．跳绳；跳过
8．court n．(网球等的)球场
9．marathon n．马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动(或工作)
10．champion n．(尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名
11．shot n．投球，射球，击球
12．bounce v．(使)弹起，(使)反弹
13．teammate n．队友
14．volunteer n．志愿者 v．自愿做，义务做
15．teamwork n．合作，协作
16．athlete n．运动员
17．event n．重要事情，大事；(体育运动的)比赛项目
18．defeat vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
19．clap vi.& vt.鼓掌，拍手
20．audience n．观众；听众
21．medal n．奖章；勋章
22．range n．一系列；范围 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
23．stretch vt.& vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸
24．seize vt.夺取；抓住；把握(时机等)；(情绪)突然侵袭，突然控制
25．tip n．尖端；建议；提示；小费 v．(使)倾斜；轻触；给小费
26．content n．满意，满足；内容；目录 adj.(作表语)满足的；满意的 vt.(使)满足，(使)满
意
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．admit vt.& vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→admission n．承认；招认；准许进入；
准许加入；入场费
2．cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→cooperation n．合作
3．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺→congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪
4．applaud vt.& vi.称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n．鼓掌；喝彩
5．sweaty adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→sweat n．汗水 v．流汗；艰苦努力
6．announce vt.宣布，播报；通告→announcement n．通告，公告→announcer n．播音员；
广播员
7．ambition n．追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj.有雄心的，有野心
的
8．move v．移动 n．活动，移动→movement n．活动，转动；移动；运动
9．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的→annually adv.一年一度地，每年地
10．compete vi.参加比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitor n．参赛者；竞
争者，对手→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
11．expect v．期盼；等待；预料，预期→expectation n．预料，预期
12．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截
然不同的
13．jog vi.& n．慢跑→jogging n．慢跑(锻炼)
14．participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参加者
15．cycle vi.骑自行车 n．自行车；循环→cyclist n．骑自行车的人
16．frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地；经常地→frequency n．发生的频率，发生
率
17．ache vi.(持续而隐隐地)疼痛 n．疼痛→aching adj.疼痛的；痛的
18．assure vt.向……保证，使确信→assurance n．保证；确信；担保
19．ultimate adj.(目标等)最终的→ultimately adv.最后，最终
20．balance n．平衡；均匀；平衡能力 v．(使)平衡→balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的
1．all-round champion全能冠军
2．bodybuilding n．健身
3．chief referee裁判长；主裁判
4．closing ceremony闭幕式
5．cross-country race越野赛
6．gymnasium(gym) n．体育馆；健身房
7．spectator n．观众
8．substitute n．替补
9．runner-up n．亚军(队)
10．final n．决赛Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．give way倒塌；塌陷；向下垮
2．beyond one’s expectations超出某人的预期
3．follow in one’s footsteps仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业
4．burst onto突然出现在……(指突然成功)
5．be rooted in起源于
6．in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳
7．try out for sth 争取成为；参加选拔
8．crash into 猛撞，猛击
9．keep up with 跟上，保持同步
10．sign up 报名
11．be fed up with 厌烦的，不满的；无法再忍受的
12．be capable of 有能力
13．take advantage of sth 利用某物/事
14．do wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用
15．stick with持续，坚持
16．make up for弥补，补偿
17．walk on air欢天喜地，得意扬扬
18．find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于
19．make it 获得成功；准时到达
20．stand for代表；支持
21．in a row连续地
22．let sb down 使失望，辜负(某人的信任或期望)
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．get sth done让某物被做
This will force you to get work done earlier in the morning，and make it unnecessary to skip
sleep to get things finished.
这将迫使你在早上提前把工作完成，并使你不必熬夜工作。
2．it作形式宾语
He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by
side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会将有可能让所有国家的人民共同生活在和平之中。
3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
You will make some good friends，most of whom are also interested in playing table tennis.你
会交到一些好朋友，他们中的大多数人也喜欢打乒乓球。
4．even though/if引导的让步状语从句Even though Atlanta could run faster than any man in Greece，she was not allowed to run and
win glory for herself in the Olympic Games.尽管亚特兰大能跑得比希腊的任何男人都快，但是
她却不被允许在奥运会上跑步为自己赢得荣誉。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．semi-final n．半决赛
2．flame n．火焰，火舌
3．tournament n．锦标赛
4．bench n． ( 场边的 ) 运动员休息区
5．shortcut n．捷径，近路
6．stadium n．体育场
7．sportsmanship n．体育精神
8．relay n．接力赛 vt. 转发 ( 信息、消息等 ) ；播放，转播
9．chest n．胸部；大箱子
10．intense adj.紧张的；激烈的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共15分)
1．session n．一段时间，一场；会议(期)，开庭(期)；学年
2．motto n．格言，座右铭
3．route n．路线；路途；途径
4．skip v．跳绳；跳过
5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动(或工作)
6．champion n．(尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名
7．volunteer n．志愿者 v．自愿做，义务做
8．teamwork n．合作，协作
9．event n．重要事情，大事；(体育运动的)比赛项目
10．defeat vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
11．medal n．奖章；勋章
12．range n．一系列；范围 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
13．seize vt.夺取；抓住；把握(时机等)；(情绪)突然侵袭，突然控制
14．tip n．尖端；建议；提示；小费 v．(使)倾斜；轻触；给小费
15．content n．满意，满足；内容；目录 adj.(作表语)满足的；满意的 vt.(使)满足，(使)满
意
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)1．balance n．平衡；均匀；平衡能力 v．(使)平衡→balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的
2．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然
不同的
3．jog vi.& n．慢跑→jogging n．慢跑(锻炼)
4．applaud vt.& vi.称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n．鼓掌；喝彩
5．sweaty adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→sweat n．汗水
6．participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参加者
7．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的→annually adv.一年一度地，每年地
8．move v．移动 n．活动，移动→movement n．活动，转动；移动；运动
9．assure vt.向……保证，使确信→assurance n．保证；确信；担保
10．ultimate adj.(目标等)最终的→ultimately adv.最后，最终
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．chief referee裁判长；主裁判
2．closing ceremony闭幕式
3．spectator n．观众
4．final n．决赛
5．substitute n．替补
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1． beyond one ’ s expectations 超出某人的预期
2． follow in one ’ s footsteps 仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业
3．in a row 连续地
4．sign up 报名
5．be capable of 有能力
6．take advantage of sth 利用某物/事
7．stick with 持续，坚持
8．make it 获得成功；准时到达
9．stand for 代表；支持
10．keep up with 跟上，保持同步
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．Finally，he admitted that it was not easy to gain admission to the Olympic events.(admit)
2．As an ambitious weightlifter，his ambition is to break the world’s records in the Olympic
Games.(ambition)
3．The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.The result of the competition is hard to
predict because the two competitors are both excellent and competitive.(compete)4．As was expected，all of us achieved our goals and met our teachers’ expectations.(expect)
5．Please set off early because the traffic jams are more frequent and what’s worse，the buses
run less frequently on Sundays.(frequent)
6．Mary announced to her teammates that she was to leave the team，whose announcement
amazed all the people including their coach.(announce)
7．The two groups cooperated well with each other and promised to strengthen their cooperation
in the future.(cooperate)
8．His classmates congratulated him on his success in the contest，and his teachers also
expressed their congratulations.(congratulate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共12分)
1．I discovered that tai chi is rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang，which are
believed to form the unity of opposites.
2．Since you are crazy about basketball，it’s rewarding to try out for the basketball match.
3．Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind.
4．Together，the athletes have fought their way through ups and downs，and I believe they
won’t let us down.
5．The hard training at my college will make up for my lack of working experience.
6．She jogs for an hour in the suburbs every morning，which helps her keep in good shape.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。(make it＋adj./n.＋to do...)
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
2．你最好在天黑之前把灯修好，否则你的正常生活会受影响。(get sth done)
It’s best for you to get the light repaired before dark，or it will affect your normal life.
3．他团队里的运动员都是精力充沛、受过良好教育的，所有人都很受高中生的欢迎。(“介
词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
The athletes in his team are energetic and well-educated，all of whom enjoy great popularity
among high school students.
4．一名足球运动员不应该假装跌倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。(even though/if)
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even though/if it helps his/her team.
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
Soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there
seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out
1.sweating(sweat) all over.Competitive sports mean that athletes must compete 2.against/with
each other for medals in championships or Olympics to win honour and glory for theircountry,3.which needs not only skills and strength but also great 4.determination(determine)．
However，success often comes along with stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master
will fall apart，5.but he never loses heart.Finally he makes 6.it and becomes a legend.
7．Compared(compare)with competitive sports，many sports focus on fitness rather than
competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on a
diet by 8.cutting(cut) out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may
give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or pretend 9.to have done(do) it
otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it
10.will make(make) a difference and have positive effects，won’t it?
range n．一系列；范围，界限；种类；山脉 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
•a full/wide range of...大范围的……；各种……
in/within the range of...在视(听)觉范围以内；在……范围内
beyond/out of range of...在视(听)觉范围外；超出……范围
•range from...to.../range between...and...包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变动
(1)To enrich students’ after-class life，we held a wide range of activities，ranging from
watching English movies to taking part in the school sports meet.
(2)For persons who are able to develop an immune response，the death rate is usually within/in
the range of 10%－15%.
(3)Prices of these toys range between $7 and $10，which is quite affordable for average
families.
(4)此外，随着这座体育场的落成，各类体育赛事得以举行，其中乒乓球、足球和赛跑大受
欢迎。
Moreover，with the stadium set up，a wide/full range of sports events are able to be held，of
which ping-pong，football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.(range，定语从
句)
admit v．承认；准许进入(或加入)；接纳，接收；可容纳(admission n．承认；准许进
入；入场费)
admit doing/having done sth 承认做/做过某事
admit sb/sth to be...承认某人/物是……
be admitted to/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等)；被录取admit that...承认……
(1)写出下列句子中admit的汉语意思
①Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last
September.(2021·天津3月)承认
②One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.(2022·浙江1月)被
接收 ( 入院 )
③The stadium to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.容纳
④According to the guideline，only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium.准许进入
(2)玛丽有责任心、乐观并且有耐心，她被认为是最好的教练之一。
Mary is responsible，optimistic and patient，who is admitted to be one of the best coaches.(定语
从句)
(3)现在，我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员，因此我想邀请你加入。
The table tennis team of our school is admitting new members right now so I would like to invite
you to join.
congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜；(pl.)贺辞(congratulate vt.祝贺)
•express/offer/send one’s congratulations to sb (on sth)(为某事)向某人致以祝贺
•congratulate sb on (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人祝贺
(1)I am writing a letter of congratulation(congratulate) to you on your being elected as chairman of
the Student Association.(应用文写作之祝贺信)
(2)首先，我对你在上周举行的跳高比赛中的成功表示衷心祝贺。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
① First of all ， I sincerely congratulate you on your success in the high jump held last week.
(congratulate)
② First of all ， I express my sincere congratulations to you on your success in the high jump held
last week.(congratulation)
compete vi.参加比赛；竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的；努力竞争的；有竞争力的
competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)
compete with/against sb 和某人竞争
compete for sth 为……而竞争
compete in sth 在……中竞争
(1)As the youngest competitor，she competed in the women’s 10-meter platform diving
with/against others for the gold medal.So she must be very competitive so that she could win.(用
合适的词或compete的适当形式填空)(2)When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting competition(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
(3)尽管这是一场竞争性的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛过程中
所表现出的决心。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
①Though/Although/While this was a competitive race，what really mattered was not the title of
championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.(主语从句)
②Though/Although/While this was a competitive race，it was not the title of championship but
the determination that participants showed during the race that really mattered.(强调句型)
participate vi.参加；参与(participant n．参加者；参与者 participation n．参加；参
与)
participate in参加；参与
participate with sb in sth 与某人一起参与某事
(1)For all the participants，the activity is of great significance and the participation in the activity
will further strengthen your overall competence.(participate)
(2)那些想参加比赛的人应该在5月21日前交上相关材料。(应用文写作之通知)
Those who want to participate in the competition are supposed to present relevant materials before
May 21.
(3)为了提高户外活动的参与度，我们学校将于9月10日组织一项活动——攀登泰山。我写
信真诚地邀请你与我们一起参加这个活动。(应用文写作之邀请信)
In order to increase participation in outdoor activities，our school will organize an activity—
climbing Mountain Tai on September 10.I am writing to sincerely invite you to participate with us
in the activity.
balance n．平衡；均匀 v．(使)平衡；权衡(balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的)
•keep/lose (one’s) balance保持/失去(某人的)平衡
keep a balance between A and B在A和B之间保持平衡
•balance...against权衡，比较
(1)It would be a good idea if you could keep a balanced(balance) diet to keep physically healthy.
(2)为了更有效地学习，你最好在学习和锻炼之间保持平衡。(应用文写作之建议信)
To study more efficiently， you ’ d better keep a balance between learning and working out .
(3)(读后续写之动作链)我向教练走去，突然踩到香蕉皮，失去平衡，倒在了地上。
Walking towards the coach，suddenly I stepped on a banana skin，lost my balance and fell flat on
the ground.(4)权衡利弊之后，大卫擦掉眼泪，挣扎着站起来，向起跑线走去，嘴角露出轻松的微笑。
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
After balancing/he balanced the advantages against the disadvantages，David wiped away the
tears，struggled to his feet and made his way to the starting line，a relaxed smile appearing at the
corners of his mouth.
give way 倒塌；塌陷；向下垮
give in屈服，投降；让步，勉强同意
give out分发；用光
give away赠送；泄露；暴露
give up放弃
give off散发(光和热等)
give way to给……让路
(1)用give短语的正确形式填空
①If a person has not enough sleep in the night，his actions will give him away during the day.
②At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so
confident about her skills.
③On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.
④Many houses are being knocked down to give way to a new grand stadium.
⑤Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on the muddy basketball court，and with every
shot，the weak plastic backboard gave way.
(2)起初，大卫落后很多。然而，他并没有放弃，而是拼尽全力，最终赶上了其他人。(2022·
新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
At the beginning，David was left far behind.However， he didn ’ t give up and went all out to
keep up with others finally.
it作形式宾语 He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all
countries to live side by side in peace.他梦想着奥运会将有可能让所有国家的人民共同生活
在和平之中。
•当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语。构成的句型主要有：
consider/think/suppose/feel/find/make/believe＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth/that...
•常用it作形式宾语的动词还有：
like/dislike/hate/love/appreciate/enjoy/owe＋it＋when/if/that从句
see to it that...确保……
depend on/upon it that...相信……(1)I’d like it if you could join us in playing table tennis，which I believe will help us a lot.
(2)如果你能接受我们的诚挚邀请来参加即将到来的运动会，我将不胜感激。 (应用文写作之
邀请信)
I ’ d appreciate it if you could accept our sincere invitation to participate in the upcoming sports
meet.
(3)I think cooperating with you in the competition is my privilege，which benefits me a lot.(应用
文写作之感谢信)
→ I think it a privilege for me to cooperate with you in the competition ， which benefits me a lot.
(用it作形式宾语)
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．nerve
(1)I was going to have a go at parachuting(跳伞) but lost my nerve at the last minute. C
(2)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a
nerve in my hand.(2021·全国甲) A
(3)Even after years as a singer，he still suffers from nerves before a performance. B
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)I shot a perfect photo showing that a basketball player shot the last goal.拍摄 射门；投篮
(2)In order to build up our body and develop our sportsmanship，our school has built five tennis
courts.球场
(3)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery when fear seized me.My wallet was gone. ( 情
绪 ) 突然侵袭
(4)Much to my delight，all the people present at the meeting applaud my decision.赞成
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Another 8,000 players in six cities compete in the company’s summer basketball league.
2．To his pleasant surprise，his son has been admitted into/to a key university.
3．She got her purse stolen(steal) when she hung out with her friend.
4．What moves us most is that he never gives up training even though he is injured.
5．It is a global site on which runners all over the world can share their stories about running.
6．Paul was still usually on the bench and he found it really tough for him to be just a
replacement.
7．We have a wide range of courses，so you can sign up for any of them online.
8 ． Our basketball team won by two points ， and our headmaster sent us a letter ofcongratulation(congratulate) immediately.
9．A large quantity of ambitious(ambition) students have participated in extra-curricular activities
since last semester.
10．The man who used to be an athlete years ago takes an active part in outdoor activities
frequently(frequent)．
11．Deep down，the cyclists were determined to take advantage of every opportunity，and were
desperate to win，because dreams of living cities were rooted(root) in their hearts.
12．With the help of these volunteers，I am capable of perfectly organizing the big event to be
held in this local city.
2020·新课标Ⅰ
假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，
内容包括：
1.参加人员； 2.跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下； 3.活动反响。
完成句子
1．为丰富学校生活，增强体质，上周末，学校组织了一次5公里越野赛跑活动，学生和老
师都参加了。(participate in)
2．比赛的路线从学校大门开始，到南山脚下结束。(route)
3．所有的参与者都表现出极大的决心和信心。即使他们很累，他们也没有放弃。 (even
if/though)
4．赛后采访了一些参赛者后，我们发现这项赛事反响很好。(competitor)
5．我们所有的学生和老师都认为举办这次活动很有意义，它不仅改善了我们的身心健康，
而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。(it 作形式宾语)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
A Cross-Country Running Race参考范文
A Cross-Country Running Race
To enrich school life and build up our body，last weekend our school organized a 5km cross-
country running activity，in which both students and teachers participated.
The route of the race started from the school gate and ended at the foot of the Southern
Mountain.The whole course was extremely challenging.However，all the participants showed
great determination and confidence；even if they were exhausted，they didn’t give up.Having
interviewed some competitors after the race，we found that the event was well received.
All of us students and teachers felt it meaningful to hold such an activity，which not only
improved our physical and psychological health，but also helped us build a positive attitude
towards life.
语料积累 情感细节描写：安慰与激励
relieve vt.解除；缓解→relief n．宽慰；解脱 comfort n．舒适；舒适的设施
(或条件)；安慰；令人安慰的人(或事物) pat v．轻拍；爱抚 hug v．拥抱；
单词 抱住 n．拥抱 encourage v．鼓励→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的
→encouragement n．鼓励；激励 cheer v．喝彩；欢呼；加油；鼓舞 n．欢
呼声；加油歌 applaud v．鼓掌；称赞→applause n．掌声；喝彩
pat sb on the shoulder轻拍某人的肩膀 throw one’s arms around sb tightly
without hesitation毫不犹豫地紧紧地搂住某人 strike one’s fingers through
one’s hair用手指轻抚某人的头发 reach out one’s hand伸出手 form a
“heart” with one’s thumb and index finger用拇指和食指比“心” wipe out
词块
tears from sb’s cheek擦去某人脸上的眼泪 look sb gently/tenderly in the eye温
柔地看着某人的眼睛
cast comforting/gentle/encouraging glance at sb向某人投去安慰/温柔/鼓励的目光
gather sb into one’s arms把某人揽入怀里
1.“But you will be a beautiful narrator，” she said，throwing her arms around
me tightly without hesitation.
“但你会成为一个美丽的叙述者，”她说着，毫不犹豫地紧紧地搂着我。
2.Whenever he was exhausted，Eddie’s words echoed in/flashed into/popped
句型
into his mind，and instilled a surge of power into him.
每当他筋疲力尽时，艾迪的话就会在他脑中回响/掠过他的脑海/跳进他的脑
海，并为他注入力量。
3.Just I was about to quit/give up，my teacher cast an encouraging glance at me.正当我要放弃时，老师向我投来鼓励的目光。
4.He reached out his hand，with his thumb and index finger forming a
“heart”．(with复合结构)
他伸出手，用拇指和食指比“心”。
5.Whenever I was about to give up，her encouraging words would come to my
mind，inspiring me to try again.
(主旨升华)每当我准备放弃的时候，她鼓励的话语就会浮现在我的脑海里，激
励我再试一次。
语料运用 ①Inspired by my coach(过去分词短语作状语)，I participated in a tennis match held
in my school.In the first round，I was increasingly frustrated as my opponent’s score was much
higher than mine.Just as I was about to give up，I heard someone calling my name.Turning
around，I found my teacher ②casting an encouraging glance at me.Suddenly I felt ③a surge of
power instilled into my body(无灵主语)，I did better than before，but I still fell behind.At
break，my coach approached me and ④patted me on my shoulder，saying，“Come on，boy，
I believe you can make it.Bear in mind that nothing is difficult to a willing heart.”⑤With my
coach ’ s words echoing in my mind (with 复合结构)，I spared no effort in the match.⑥To my
satisfaction，I did make it，ending up in the first place.Whenever I was in trouble ，his
encouraging words would come to my mind，⑦inspiring me to keep going(现在分词短语作状
语)．
受教练的激励，我参加了学校举办的网球比赛。在第一轮比赛中，由于对手的分数比我高得
多，我感到越来越沮丧。正当我要放弃的时候，我听到有人叫我的名字。转过身，我发现老
师向我投来鼓励的目光。突然我感到一股力量注入了我的身体，我比以前做得好多了，但我
还是落后。休息时，教练走过来，轻拍我的肩膀说：“加油，孩子，我相信你能做到。记住，
世上无难事，只怕有心人。” 脑海中回响着教练的话，在比赛中我竭尽全力。令我满意的
是，我确实做到了，最终获得了第一名。每当我遇到麻烦时，他那鼓励的话语就会浮现在我
的脑海里，激励我坚持下去。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At a hotel，surrounded by teammates，he got the email.“Dear Spencer Heslop，” it
read，“you have been invited to participate in the Selection Camp for the US Men’s NationalTeam for 2022.”
The recent graduate from University of Michigan School of Public Health dreamed of the
opportunity to play for the United States since he was seven years old.After he developed a disease
that often results in damage to the spinal cord(脊髓) and nerves，Heslop’s parents pushed him to
try wheelchair basketball.
By high school，Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a competitive basketball team.The
experience opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports，which became his favorite.While he
was never the biggest or strongest player，Heslop had a feel for the game and a desire to take it
further.Faced with many challenges，he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning
that made him more explosive.
“As I applied to graduate school，I knew I would play wherever I was planning to go，”
Heslop said.“University of Michigan was near the top of my list academically.I also heard that
they were trying to get an adaptive sports program going，and that helped me make my choice.”
University of Michigan Adaptive Sports and Fitness was formed in 2018 to address the inequitable
access to physical activity opportunities ， competitive and recreational ， for students with
disabilities at University of Michigan.
Since Heslop joined the program in 2020，University of Michigan’s wheelchair basketball
team became part of the NWBA’s Division Ⅱ.After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at the
NWBA Nationals in April 2022，Heslop participated in the US Men’s National Team Selection
Camp where he fought against 30 of the nation’s top athletes and made the final twelve-man
roster.This gave the recently graduated young man a better shot at his ultimate goal：playing for
his country in the Paralympic Games.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了潜心打轮椅篮球的 Spencer Heslop参加美国男子
国家队选拔营并成功进入最终候选名单。
1．What helped Heslop develop his passion for adaptive sports?
A．The unexpected disease at seven.
B．The email he received at a hotel.
C．The University of Michigan he dreamed of.
D．The experience in a wheelchair basketball team.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“By high school，Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a
competitive basketball team.The experience opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports，
which became his favorite.”可知，让Heslop对适应性运动产生热情的是在轮椅篮球队的经历。
故选D。
2．Why did Heslop choose University of Michigan?A．He accepted a large sum of scholarship.
B．He could join his favorite sports program.
C．He was promised a chance to play for the country.
D．He was invited to set up Adaptive Sports and Fitness.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“University of Michigan was near the top of my list
academically.I also heard that they were trying to get an adaptive sports program going，and that
helped me make my choice.”可知，Heslop选择密歇根大学是因为他可以参加他最喜欢的体
育项目。故选B。
3．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?
A．Heslop’s achievements.
B．Heslop’s ultimate goal.
C．Heslop’s superior leadership.
D．Heslop’s bright future.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段的“After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at...，
Heslop participated in the US Men’s National Team Selection Camp where he fought against
30...and made the final twelve-man roster.”可知，最后一段主要讨论了Heslop所取得的成就。
故选A。
4．Which can best describe Heslop?
A．Generous. B．Reliable.
C．Creative. D．Determined.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Faced with many challenges，he worked tirelessly to
develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.”可知，Heslop是有决心的，
故选D。
B
(2024·北京期末)
Several years ago，I was at a pre-season football practice at a high school where I was
working with the team on a concussion(脑震荡) research project.The players were lined up in two
rows facing each other and with little more instruction from the coach than “on the whistle，hit
the man across from you”，great concern rushed through my mind.
Professional sports get the lion’s share of attention，but over three million children and
teenagers in the United States play the same game.This directly places concussions as a significantpublic health concern for all.
However，for decades，concussion has been considered a temporary injury with no long-
term consequences.Many athletes will do just about anything to stay on the field and “play
through the pain” as a sign of toughness.In 2005 ， with the release of the brain tissue
pathology(病理学) report of Mike Webster，a retired National Football League player，our
thinking on concussion began to shift.Since then，public attention has focused on this link between
brain injury and blows to the head.As our understanding of concussion progressed to understanding
its significance as an injury，so too did the development of player equipment.
In the early 1900s football was played without helmets(头盔)，but severe injuries，like skull
fractures，led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the
game in the 1950s.Modern helmets use advanced shell materials，have moveable panels to absorb
forces，and multi-layered padding that responds to different impacts.Companies will continue to
improve helmets as new materials become available，guided by the newest science.
Sports are an important part of a society’s culture and they give millions of children much-
needed exercise.Yet，participation in any sport carries injury risk，and concussion will always be
part of that.As those children become adults and make sport their hobby or even career，ensuring
they play safely at all levels is essential.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章以脑震荡为例，讲述运动安全问题由一开始被忽视到后
来得到重视的过程，以此告诉我们运动安全问题至关重要。
5．What made the author feel concerned?
A．The coach’s inexperience.
B．The physical conflicts among the players.
C．Unawareness of the potential injuries.
D．Unpredictable outcome of the project.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的“...‘on the whistle，hit the man across from you’，great
concern rushed through my mind.”可知，当时教练命令队员去打对面的人，由此可推出，作
者一定是担心教练没有意识到其中潜在的伤害。故选C。
6．What did athletes use to do when meeting with sports-related concussion?
A．They tended to ignore it.
B．They felt scared about it.
C．They quit playing immediately.
D．They refused medical assistance.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Many athletes will do just about anything to stay onthe field and ‘play through the pain’ as a sign of toughness.”可知，运动员在遇到与运动相
关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A。
7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the helmet?
A．Its gradual improvement.
B．Its widespread influence.
C．The discovery of its new materials.
D．The difficulty of its mass production.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段的“In the early 1900s football was played without helmets(头
盔)，but severe injuries...led to the...in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the
1950s.Modern helmets use advanced shell materials...”可知，该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的
不断改进。故选A。
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Exercise is vital for children.
B．Sports safety can’t be overemphasized.
C．No participation in sports is without injuries.
D．Concussion is the most common injury in sports.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“As those children become adults and make sport
their hobby or even career，ensuring they play safely at all levels is essential.”可以推出，再怎
么强调运动安全都不为过。故选B。
C
Tobogganing ， or sledding( 雪 橇 ) ， likely comes before the colonization of North
America.Records show that Canada’s First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings
and food between camps，Raymond Flower writes in The History of Skiing and Other Winter
Sports.But modern-day sled races can trace their origins back to the Swiss Alps in the late 1800s
when British tourists decided to race in wooden luges(a sled used by one person) that locals had
used to travel through snow.The origin is debatable in snowy northern New York，however，
where there is evidence that Albany held bobsled(a sled used by two or more people) races as early
as 1885.
Wherever they began，sled races quickly became popular.The famous Cresta Run，named
after the Swiss town near the base of its course，was built in 1885 using snowbanks.The first
organized competition was in 1898，hosted by the first bobsled club in nearby St.Moritz(a city in
Switzerland)．It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new
sports：bobsledding，and skeleton sledding(俯式冰橇)．
Cresta Run is considered the birthplace of the skeleton ，a particularly daring form ofsledding.Unlike the luge，where competitors ride feet-first on a sled with metal runners，the
skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance.Riders lie down on the sled head-first，and
then drop suddenly down an ice track.Bobsledding，meanwhile，involves teams of two to four in
which the person in front controls directions and the player in back brakes when needed.It earned
its name after competitors started swinging back and forth to speed up the sled.
Bobsledding initially overtook skeleton sledding in popularity，becoming one of a handful of
sports played at the first Winter Games in 1924.The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta
Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton
sled.But in the 1970s，adjustments were made to both the skeleton and bob runs in order to include
the event at future winter games.
9．What can we infer about Raymond Flower?
A．He is a writer.
B．He is good at sledding.
C．He invented the sledding race.
D．He set the first record of sledding.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Records show that Canada’s First Peoples used small
sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps，Raymond Flower writes in The
History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports.”可推出，Raymond Flower是一位作家。故选
A。
10．How does skeleton sledding differ from the luge?
A．Skeleton sledding runs on metal runners.
B．Skeleton sledding doesn’t have back brakes.
C．Riders on skeleton sledding sled with their feet.
D．Skeleton sledding needs players to lie down on it head-first.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike the luge，where competitors ride feet-first on a sled
with metal runners，the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance.Riders lie down on
the sled head-first，and then drop suddenly down an ice track.”可知，俯式冰橇与无舵雪橇的
不同之处是俯式冰橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝下躺在上面。故选D。
11．What limited the popularity of skeleton sledding?
A．Its special shape.
B．Its speed.
C．Its steel runners.
D．Its unsuitable adjustments.答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The skeleton sledding was...because other bob runs
around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled.”可知，俯式冰橇数十年来受限于克
雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式冰橇，因此限制了俯式冰橇的普及
的是它的钢骨架，故选C。
12．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Why Is Sledding So Popular?
B．How Did Sledding Develop in Switzerland?
C．What Are Sledding Adventures About?
D．How Did People Kill Time in North America?
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“The first organized competition was in
1898...It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports：
bobsledding，and skeleton sledding(俯式冰橇)．”可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展，
故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Talent is believed to be
crucial for building a strong team. 1 Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is
their money well spent?
2 They focused on football，basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football
and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point
where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level，the team’s performance begins to
decline.Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball，where additional individual talent
keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon ， the researchers explored the degree to which a good
performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3 In baseball，
the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when
task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while
individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is
lower.If a basketball star is，for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take
a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team’s
performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in
TEAM.” 4
Another possibility is that too much talent on a team can lead to decreased motivation and
effort from some players.Just as in a game of tug of war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is
added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.5 An A-team may require a balance--not just A players，but a few generous B players as
well.
A．It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F．Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一支最佳阵容球队比雇用最优秀的人才要复杂得
多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球
员。
1．答案 B
解析 上文说“人们普遍认为人才对于建立一个强大的团队来说至关重要”。下文说“公司
花费数百万雇用顶级商业人士”。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数
百万美元吸引顶尖人才”与下文构成并列关系，故选B。
2．答案 E
解析 下文说的是顶尖人才加入体育团队所带来的结果，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几
项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用”切题，故选E。
3．答案 G
解析 上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程
度”，下文对棒球和篮球分别进行了说明，该空承上启下，应是关于棒球、篮球等的团队合
作问题，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球”切题，故选G。
4．答案 D
解析 上文说了一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现，该空承接上文，应是关于体育
比赛中的团队精神，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
5．答案 F
解析 下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅
量的普通球员”。该空引出下文，应是关于雇用人才上的选择，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容
球队比简单地雇用最优秀的人才要复杂得多”切题，故选F。
