文档内容
专题验收评价
专题 08 推理判断题
内容概览
A·常考题不丢分
【命题点01 逻辑推断题】
【命题点02 观点态度题】
【命题点03 写作意图题】
【命题点04 文章出处题和读者对象题】
【微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱】
B·拓展培优拿高分
C·挑战真题争满分
【命题点 01 逻辑推断题】
1.【2022·全国高考乙卷片段】Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence
the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools.
Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is
playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
2.【2021·英语全国甲卷片段】
...The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
3.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试片段】
One aspect of the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many homes and businesses burn natural
gas for heating and cooking. Natural gas gives out greenhouse gases as well as other pollutants that can harm
health. Gas appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versions and tap into clean electricity.
Panama Bartholomy is the director of the Building Decarbonization Coalition. His group, based in Petaluma,
Calif., focuses on limiting gas emissions indoors. “We assume the electric grid (输电网) is getting cleaner over
time, which it is. So, we want more and more of our heating to come from electricity.”
It’s much easier to make these types of transitions when governments recommend them, says Beth Miller.
She is an ecologist and consultant with Good Company. Based in Eugene, Ore., it helps companies and
communities reduce their carbon footprint. Some states are already taking steps to make these changes. On
September 22, for instance, California decided it would ban the sale of gas-fired space heaters and water heaters by
2030.
After homes and businesses make the switch to electric alternatives, they will be more comfortable, says
Bartholomy. They will be safer and cleaner, too, he adds. Instead of a gas furnace(燃气炉), an electric heat pump
could both heat and cool a home. Gas heaters and stoves won’t be pumping pollution into a home’s air. And cooks
will have even more control on a modern electric cooker than on a gas stove says Bartholomy.
Getting natural gas out of your home is probably the largest positive impact you can have for the planet,
Bartholomy says. “We all need to fight for a livable climate. There is no way to meet our climate goals while still
burning gas in buildings. For a livable future, we must take measures to stop burning natural gas, though we knowwe have a long way to go.” And the bonus: It now looks like doing that should also save people a lot of money.
14．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Homes will be safer. B．Gas stoves will be replaced soon.
C．Homes’ air will have more pollutants. D．Cooks prefer to use traditional cookers.
4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考片段】
People spend about a third of their lives sleeping. That might sound like time wasted, but it’s not. Even in a
deep sleep, the brain is busy. It’s hard at work sorting memories, cleansing itself of harmful wastes and more. This
time of rest also helps the body build stronger bones and heal wounds faster. Experts recommend that teens get
about nine hours of sleep each night. But surveys show that only about one-third of 18-year-old report getting at
least seven hours of sleep per night. As teens go through puberty(青春期), they become natural night owls. Their
bodies don’t release the hormone melatonin (褪黑激素)—which tells the brain it’s time for bed—until later at
night. This shifts their circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) so that sleep comes most easily between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m. But
most pubic middle and high schools in the United States start before 8:30 a.m. And that’s a major problem.
...
8．What does the first paragraph imply?
A．There is more for the brain to deal with.
B．The brain is the busiest during sleeping time.
C．Sleep is vital to our health and wellbeing.
D．Many are suffering sleep-related problems.
5.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟片段】
Para 3: Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world.
Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea
level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne
farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found
his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the
delivery of fresh food to millions.
The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for reproduction—which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are
working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current
Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of
Haarlem and Arnhem.The new projects will apply lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know
how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest obstacles he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but
rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities
need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where
you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different
order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
9．It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A．90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea level
B．The New York City is working hard to fight climate change
C．The local community will not be fed without new farming
D．Waterborne facilities are necessary to the future of Rotterdam
【命题点 02 观点态度题】
1.【2021年新高考I卷之D篇片段】
Para3: Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive
aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and
others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the
public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday
life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
2.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷 D篇片段】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
...
Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
...
Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by
environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is — the sky filled with
little moons.
11．What is the writer’s attitude toward lighting management?
A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
4.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
...
The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues
Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he
questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which
could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.
15．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption?
A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.
【命题点 03 写作意图题】
1.【2022·新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to
make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with
a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
...
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2.【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight of her
son, Justin, dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverly’s central air conditioning had stopped
working in the middle of a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and he’d shown up as a surprise. As she
watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and appreciation.
Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or
expands our thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can
also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to
help others.
Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people
can bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping
changes. We can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the
phone. But it happens in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his
then-five-year-old daughter. When she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and
handed it to him.
Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to
notice it when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects.
4．Why does the writer tell Beverly’s story?
A．To show sympathy for her. B．To cite an example of awe.
C．To express appreciation to her son. D．To start a discussion about awe.
4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Computers are closely linked to education today and the Internet can offer any help you want. But for now,
experts say, don’t throw away your books. Researchers in Span and Israel took a close look at 54 studies comparing
dial and print reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often think they learn more
from reading online. When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,”
says the researcher.
Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist who specializes in how the brain reads. We
learn to talk by listening to those around us. It’s pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real work. It’s because
the brain has no special network of cells just for reading. To understand text, the brain borrows networks that
evolved (进化) to do other things. This is similar to how you might adapt a tool for some new use. For example, a
coat hanger is great for putting your clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refrigerator, you mightstraighten out the coat hanger and use it to reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. You’ve taken a tool made
for one thing and adapted it for something new. That’s what the brain does when you read.
...
13．What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show what the brain takes to read.
B．To illustrate how the brain evolves.
C．To introduce a coat hanger’s functions.
D．To outline the features of reading.
【命题点 04 文章出处题和读者对象题】
1.【2019·全国 I】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for
biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these
technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using
the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how
they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
Having studied John Berger’s Ways of Seeing, you will write a four-page image analysis essay and interpret
what you “see” when you study the visual text. Your focus is not simply to describe the visual text you’reanalyzing, but to explain to the readers the argument you believe is proposed by the visual text.
Context:
Some visual texts can motivate, persuade and/or influence. Advertisements, political cartoons, art or campaign
posters that are concerned with social or political issues are examples of this category of visual text. We are
surrounded everyday by visual arguments or attempts at persuasion.
Instructions:
◆ Select a visual text that you believe presents an argument to its viewers.
◆ Briefly study the visual text you’ve selected and underline the central argument its designers are trying to
make.
◆ Analyze the design elements used and the organization of the text in order to determine some of the
decisions the designer or artist has made.
◆ Use the process of “observation/inference/evaluation” to check your essay and determine the tools the
designer or artist is using to persuade you.
Schedule & Due Date:
(All work is due at the beginning of class on the dates listed below; late work will be downgraded.)
March 1st: Select three visual texts for assignment consideration.
March 20th: Berger-typed drafts due/peer-editing workshop.
March 22nd: a four-page essay, free write with image & arts show due; Class presentation (25% of your
grade).
1．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper.
C．A course assignment. D．An academic article.
3.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
The huge structures of ancient Rome have survived for thousands of years—a testament to the abilities and
wisdom of Roman engineers, who perfected the use of concrete. But how did their construction materials help keep
grand buildings like the Pantheon(万神殿) (which has the world’s largest unreinforced dome)and the Colosseum(斗
兽场)standing for more than 2,000 years?
Roman concrete, in many cases, has proven to be longer-lasting than modern concrete, which can worsen
within decades. Now, scientists behind a new study say they have uncovered the mystery ingredient that allowed
the Romans to make their construction material so durable and build splendid structures in challenging places such
as docks, sewers and earthquake zones.The study team, including researchers from the United States, Italy and Switzerland, analyzed 2,000-year-old
concrete samples that were taken from a city wall at the archaeological site of Privernum, in central Italy, and are
similar in composition to other concrete found throughout the Roman Empire.
They found that white chunks(块)in the concrete, referred to as lime clasts(石灰碎屑),gave the concrete the
ability to heal cracks that formed over time. The white chunks previously had been overlooked as evidence of
careless mixing or poor-quality raw material.
The new finding could help make manufacturing today’s concrete more sustainable, potentially shaking up
society as the Romans once did.“Conerete allowed the Romans to have an architectural revolution,”Masic
said,“Romans were able to create and turn the cities into something that is extraordinary and beautiful to live in.
And that revolution basically changed completely the way humans live.”
11．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?
A．Education. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Lifestyle.
4.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
Ten percent of the world’s species live in the Amazon Rainforest, including some of the most interesting and
unique creatures on Earth. Not only that, but some Amazon native species directly benefit humans. If you like
chocolate, and coffee, you’ve benefited from Amazonian plants. Even more importantly, the Amazon Rainforest
keeps our air clean and breathable.
Cognizant of its great impact on the planet, activists are working to stop deforestation. A new algorithm (算
法) that predicts which areas are at most risk of habitat destruction gives Amazon defenders a hand in their fight
against deforestation.
The Trans-Amazonian highway is a road that stretches across the Amazon Rainforest. Branching off of this
official highway are around two million miles of unofficial roads, many built illegally by loggers, miners, and
residents of unauthorized settlements. Nearly half of the rainforest has one of these roads, which Carlos Souza Jr, a
researcher monitoring the Amazon, calls “lines of destruction”, within six miles. Imazon, a Brazilian research
institution published a study showing that 95 percent of deforestation occurred within three miles of the “lines of
destruction”. Additionally, 90 percent of forest fires were next to illegal Amazonian roads. That makes finding these
roads key to preventing deforestation and damage. However, in a two and half million square rainforest, that’s
easier said than done. Previously activists manually (人工地) examined over satellite images to spot these roads.
They also recorded the result of deforestation. But now, technology may help activists become more proactive (主
动出击的).Imazon researchers fed the manual data into an artificial intelligence algorithm to train it to find the
unauthorized roads. The program predicts where there may be roads, with about 70 percent accuracy. Its outputs are
then confirmed by researchers using satellite images.
The PrevisIA map and statistics can help governments channel deforestation prevention efforts to threatened
areas. The hope is that by identifying the areas in advance, politicians and activists can take proactive steps against
the illegal roads, and prevent deforestation before it happens.
35．In which section may the text appear in a newspaper?
A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Education. D．Environment.
5.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】
An Warm-hearted Landlord
Ming Tinggui, 41, a landlord in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, has become famous online because of his acts of
kindness during the city’s COVID-19 lockdown.
Xi’an imposed a citywide lockdown on Dec 23 in an effort to prevent a resurgence (复发) of COVID-19.
Ming had 81 tenants (租户) in Yanta district at that time, about 80 percent of whom were students who had moved
to Xi’an to attend training classes, begin internships or take China’s postgraduate entrance exam, scheduled from
Dec 25 to 27. Most of the students only brought simple belongings that could fit inside a suitcase, with no room for
pots or pans to cook with. Under lockdown, they were not allowed to go out, making mealtime a major headache.
Having seen his young tenants living on instant noodles and snacks, Ming decided to cook meals for them. He
bought as many vegetables as possible in the community and told his tenants via WeChat that he could provide
dinner for them each day. His idea was warmly welcomed. The tenants placed their orders in the WeChat group
every day, and Ming prepared their meals accordingly.
His wife and 65-year-old mother also joined him to wash vegetables and dishes. Although there were food
supply problems at the beginning of the lockdown, Ming still managed to buy some meat for his hungry young
tenants.
Ming received as many as 45 orders a day. Some of the tenants wanted to pay him for the dinner but were
refused. Ming said he cooked the meals not for money but to help those in need. With the tenants-safety in mind,
Ming divided the orders into small groups so that they could fetch their dinner one by one while keeping two
meters from each other.
Greatly moved, the tenants reported his good deeds to the local media, shooting him to stardom overnight.
Hearing of his generosity, many people offered to give Ming money to help feed his young tenants, but Mingpolitely refused.
Ming has decided to continue to prepare meals for his tenants until the lockdown is over, or at least until
takeout food is available.
7．Where is the passage taken from?
A．A government document B．A tourist brochure
C．An advertisement D．A newspaper
【微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱】
1.（2023上·福建厦门·高二福建省厦门第六中学校考期中）I was 6 years old when my father told me we
were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团). Until that point, I had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing
with the other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that has a loose structure. So the early years after my
leaving the circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.
But years later, I found areas that interested me. I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and applied
them to broadcasting. And so when Boston’s news station WBUR offered me a job out of college, I jumped at the
chance. Along the way, I found I really enjoyed the work. I became WBUR’s news reporter. The flexibility and
adaptability I’d learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation —
whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston, or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.
But then a serious infectious disease appeared. Suddenly, for the first time in my adult life, I went for a year
without doing any shows. But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted. For me, the circus
symbolizes who I am. And stages have always been where I’ve felt the most free. Some people get nervous before
they go onstage, but by acting the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face, all my
social anxiety disappears.
Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even language. It’s the type of performance
where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone — help anyone forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even
30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.
6．How did the author feel in the early years of school?
A．Curious. B．Fresh. C．Controlled. D．Impatient.
7．What do we know about the author’s job at WBUR?
A．He did it for his father. B．He did it against his will.
C．He risked his neck doing it. D．He took to it greatly.8．What does the circus probably mean to the author?
A．A means of living. B．A chance to go anywhere.
C．A part of his identity. D．A way to forget his troubles.
9．Why does the author write the text?
A．To express his love for circus performances. B．To stress the value of performing.
C．To share his personal experiences in a circus. D．To discuss the problem of choosing a job.
2.（2023上·山东济宁·高三校考开学考试）Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the
findings of a recent study that looked at the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe.
The level of gender equality in those regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income
level of the region also had little impact on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the
Indian state Hunches Pradesh- was the trend reversed with boys doing better.
So what are the causes of girls’ stronger performance? In the UK, girls outperform boys in exams that are
taken at the age of 15 or 16, called GCSEs. According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls
and boys are brought up. “Boys are encouraged to be more active from an early age, while girls are encouraged to
be quieter… Therefore, girls develop the skill of sitting still for longer periods of time, which is used for academic
pursuits like studying for GCSEs.”
He goes on to say that boys often cluster together in larger groups than girls. Because of this they are more
likely to be influenced by peer pressure and develop a gang mentality. He says that GCSEs require a lot of solo
work and are not viewed as ‘cool’ in boys’ culture.
This is backed up by research in the UK that says girls are out-performing boys at the age of five. So, what is
the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do exams and school curricula need to be changed to
better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing educators in many countries.
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Girls outperform boys in exams in most cases.
B．Boys do better in school in poorer areas.
C．Girls do better if they are socially equal to boys.
D．Boys are not working hard enough in exams.
2．According to Ian Toone, what might account for the phenomenon?
A．Different characters and personalities.
B．Different attitudes to learning.C．Different ways of raising children.
D．Different methods in exams.
3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To provide answer to a difficult question.
B．To raise awareness in gender differences.
C．To advocate separating boys and girls.
D．To change school curricula to benefit boys.
4．What might the author discuss in the following paragraphs?
A．Education reforms in some Countries.
B．Examples of boys’ achievement.
C．New systems of examinations.
D．Advertisement of some schools.
（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考期中）
Have you noticed how the price of online purchases can increase at checkout? This is due to a strategy called
“drip pricing,” coined by American economist Richard Thaler in 1971. Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses
gradually add extra charges to a customer’s bill, making the initially advertised price rise.
This strategy takes advantage of customers’ tendency to commit to a purchase when they see a low original
price. As extra fees are added, customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due to their
emotional investment. Businesses, from e-commerce stores to airlines, use this technique to significantly boost their
profits. The initial price of a product or service can sharply increase with the addition of various costs. For example,
a flight ticket can considerably increase due to the inclusion of extra costs such as baggage fees, seating options,
and access to express lanes.
However, current laws seem inadequate in the face of these practices, resulting in calls for new regulations and
clearer retailer responsibilities. Dr. Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at the University of
Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge plays an effective role. “Our study shows that when customers are
informed about drip pricing techniques, they are less likely to fall for them, ultimately leading to more cost-
effective purchases,” Dr. Doe said.The success of drip pricing depends on customers not knowing or accepting these extra costs. An interesting
suggestion to fight these practices could be the start of an annual event to highlight and criticize the worst examples
of drip pricing. Possible award categories might include The Biggest Drip, Most Uselessly Named Charge, and the
Droplet Award for multiple extra pricing add-ons. Such an event could strengthen customers and promote openness
in pricing, thereby challenging the success of drip pricing.
As we progress into the era of digital commerce, the need for transparency and fairness in pricing is becoming
increasingly important. Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies not only in stricter laws
and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the necessary knowledge and tools.
2．What does the term “drip pricing” refer to?
A．An outdated approach applied in e-commerce pricing.
B．An in-depth study on the continual rise of business prices.
C．A pricing strategy involving added costs to the initial price.
D．A cost reduction technique commonly employed in airlines.
3．What drives customers to proceed with a purchase even as costs increase?
A．Fear of losing previous orders. B．Restrictions from acts and laws
C．Emotional commitment to the product. D．Unawareness of the additional charges.
4．According to Dr. Jane Doe, how to protect consumers from drip pricing?
A．By enforcing clear new laws B．By providing consumer education.
C．By promoting cost-effective shopping. D．By organizing challenging annual events
5．What can be inferred from paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Annual events will award successful drip pricing.
B．Ignoring drip pricing is an effective way to resist it.
C．Consumer advocates need support from the media.
D．Consumers and authorities should make joint efforts.
（2023上·福建厦门·高二福建省厦门第六中学校考期中）
I was 6 years old when my father told me we were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团). Until that point, I
had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing with the other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that
has a loose structure. So the early years after my leaving the circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a
prison.
But years later, I found areas that interested me. I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and applied
them to broadcasting. And so when Boston’s news station WBUR offered me a job out of college, I jumped at thechance. Along the way, I found I really enjoyed the work. I became WBUR’s news reporter. The flexibility and
adaptability I’d learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation —
whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston, or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.
But then a serious infectious disease appeared. Suddenly, for the first time in my adult life, I went for a year
without doing any shows. But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted. For me, the circus
symbolizes who I am. And stages have always been where I’ve felt the most free. Some people get nervous before
they go onstage, but by acting the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face, all my
social anxiety disappears.
Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even language. It’s the type of performance
where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone — help anyone forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even
30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.
6．How did the author feel in the early years of school?
A．Curious. B．Fresh. C．Controlled. D．Impatient.
7．What do we know about the author’s job at WBUR?
A．He did it for his father. B．He did it against his will.
C．He risked his neck doing it. D．He took to it greatly.
8．What does the circus probably mean to the author?
A．A means of living. B．A chance to go anywhere.
C．A part of his identity. D．A way to forget his troubles.
9．Why does the author write the text?
A．To express his love for circus performances. B．To stress the value of performing.
C．To share his personal experiences in a circus. D．To discuss the problem of choosing a job.
（2023上·山东济宁·高三校考开学考试）
Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the findings of a recent study that looked at
the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe. The level of gender equality in those
regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income level of the region also had little impact
on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state Hunches Pradesh- was the trend
reversed with boys doing better.
So what are the causes of girls’ stronger performance? In the UK, girls outperform boys in exams that are
taken at the age of 15 or 16, called GCSEs. According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girlsand boys are brought up. “Boys are encouraged to be more active from an early age, while girls are encouraged to
be quieter… Therefore, girls develop the skill of sitting still for longer periods of time, which is used for academic
pursuits like studying for GCSEs.”
He goes on to say that boys often cluster together in larger groups than girls. Because of this they are more
likely to be influenced by peer pressure and develop a gang mentality. He says that GCSEs require a lot of solo
work and are not viewed as ‘cool’ in boys’ culture.
This is backed up by research in the UK that says girls are out-performing boys at the age of five. So, what is
the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do exams and school curricula need to be changed to
better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing educators in many countries.
60．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Girls outperform boys in exams in most cases.
B．Boys do better in school in poorer areas.
C．Girls do better if they are socially equal to boys.
D．Boys are not working hard enough in exams.
61．According to Ian Toone, what might account for the phenomenon?
A．Different characters and personalities.
B．Different attitudes to learning.
C．Different ways of raising children.
D．Different methods in exams.
62．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To provide answer to a difficult question.
B．To raise awareness in gender differences.
C．To advocate separating boys and girls.
D．To change school curricula to benefit boys.
63．What might the author discuss in the following paragraphs?
A．Education reforms in some Countries.
B．Examples of boys’ achievement.
C．New systems of examinations.
D．Advertisement of some schools.
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
A comment from Zadie Smith caught my attention this week. Asked whether she had ever consideredrecording an album, the novelist responded, “I have a dream of having a Café Carlyle residency in New York in my
80s.” Here she is at the height of her success dreaming of a career Plan B just like the rest of us!
Weird Plan Bs fascinate me because for years I had one of my own. Despite being perfectly happy in my
chosen profession, I had long harboured the fantasy of becoming a photographer and I took a lockdown leap and
applied to art school to acquire some actual skills.
Has it brought me fame and riches? Not as yet. Like many people who dream of having a go at something
different, I was focusing on creative fulfilment rather than my future finances. By the time I graduated in 2022, my
dream of running a portrait photography business was looking a lot less practicable—in part thanks to AI head-shot
generators.
If only I had had a little more Fobo, also known as the fear of becoming out-of-date. This workplace trend is
an updated version of Fomo—the fear of missing out, which now feels like a poignant (辛酸的) throwback to more
optimistic times. 22% of workers are worried that technology will put them out of a job. And who can blame them?
There is another reason that nurturing an alterative career might be risky. Research indicates that having a
back-up plan can work against you. Having a Plan B as a safety net can cause people to make less effort at their day
job and — unhelpfully — run a greater risk of losing it.
So, do I regret pursuing my Plan B? Not at all — hopefully I’ve got a few years before robot photographers
take over the world, and I currently spend a day a week on photography. My only sorrow is something unexpected.
For so many years. I had the fantasy of trying something new. My “someday” ambition sustained me through dull
and boring days. But now I’m actually spending some of my week doing it, which has caused empty space in my
life. It made me realize that having an alternative career to dream about is in itself sustaining and comforting. You
might never do it, and that might not even matter. So, if you’ll excuse me, I need to go and start working on my
Plan C．..
8．Why did Zadie Smith want to have a Cafe Carlyle residency?
A．She was not satisfied with her writing career.
B．She was eager to take up a second career.
C．She was depressed by recording an album.
D．She was unable to reach the height of success.
9．What do you know about the author’s plan B?
A．She was a skilled photographer who graduated from an art school.
B．She gave up her chosen occupation because of lockdown.C．She gained a sense of creative satisfaction instead of income.
D．She ran a photography business with the assistance of AI.
10．Why did the author mention the concepts of Fobo and Fomo in paragraph 4?
A．To explain why workers are eager to do plan
B．To introduce one of the disadvantages to do plan B．
C．To advocate the society’s acceptance of plan B．
D．To display the future of trend of the workforce.
711．What’s the author’s “only sorrow” according to the last paragraph?
A．She will be replaced by robot photographer in the future.
B．She can’t spare time to do photography professionally.
C．She hates the dull and boring days in doing photography.
D．She lost something new to excite some enthusiasm for life.
（2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州华侨中学校考期中）
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard
that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine
that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement
about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern
Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-
century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a
sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were
simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging
ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us: some gave us
directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met
many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths
through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its ownsake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is
rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
2．How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan?
A．Amused. B．Surprised. C．Confused. D．Puzzled.
3．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?
A．He was a western journalist. B．He had a knowledge of China.
C．He came to China several times. D．He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
4．What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?
A．They honored the ancestors. B．They set off in high spirits.
C．They satisfied the locals’ curiosity. D．They built bonds with people.
5．What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text?
A．To share and reflect on a journey. B．To suggest a new way of travel.
C．To advocate protection of biodiversity. D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
It was something rather irregular at an otherwise regular board of appeals meeting in Maine. A resident wanted
a permission for not observing the no-chicken rule. But this wasn’t just any resident. It was C-Jay Martin, 25, who
is blind and has epilepsy (癫痫) and autism. Chickens are what brought C-Jay joy despite his challenges. “Having
something to share with other people was important to him,” said his mother, Amy Martin.
But Bangor is not OK with chickens. In fact, city rules clearly prohibit residents from keeping “fowl, goats,
sheep, cattle or swine of any kind” and the municipal government urges the residents to obey the rules strictly. So,
would the staid New England city of 31,000 make an exception for C-Jay and his emotional support hens?
It was with high hopes that Martin headed to the otherwise ordinary municipal meeting earlier this month. She
told the appeals board she got the chickens in April after researching the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits
discrimination in housing by landlords or municipalities, and finding it might allow her son an accommodation.
She was joined by neighbors and community members who showed up to support C-Jay and his chickens. One
noted C-Jay regularly assumes the responsibility of feeding the chickens, despite his disabilities. Another said their
cooing and soft noises are clearly a comfort to C-Jay. Others said Martin and C-Jay keep the chickens’ area in their
yard very clean.
But there were some complaints. Some raised concerns about whether the presence of the chickens could
attract rodents (齿类动物), and didn’t want an exception for C-Jay to open the door for others to keep bannedanimals.
City officials, seeming to side with C-Jay and his flock, assured attendees that no increased rodent activity
would not be tolerated and any livestock permission would only apply to C-Jay Martin at his house.
In the end, it reached a consensus: the appeals board ruled that C-Jay had a need for the chickens. He would be
allowed to keep them, although limits on the number were set, and noisy roosters prohibited.
Martin said her son is relieved and that his beloved chickens will stay. “When he’s sitting outside listening to
an audiobook, or just hanging out in the backyard with the sun shining, he always knows where they are because he
can hear them,” she said. “He’s never really alone.”
76．What was something “irregular” happening at a board of appeals meeting in Maine?
A．Residents there were prohibited from raising animals of some animals at home.
B．A special resident there wanted to keep chickens despite a no-chicken rule.
C．Physically disadvantaged groups there were under huge discrimination.
D．Disabled children didn’t want to share their animals with other people.
77．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “staid” in paragraph 2?
A．United. B．Civilized. C．Rigid. D．Remote.
78．Which of the following is correct concerning C-Jay and his flock?
A．It is legal to raise the flocks in the whole community.
B．C-Jay with disabilities was unable to care for the chickens
C．C-Jay obtained emotional support from his own flocks.
D．Banned animals are more likely to be tended in Maine.
79．Which section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
A．Healthcare. B．Society. C．Amusement. D．Politics.
（2023上·江苏苏州·高三苏州中学校考期中）
Is there anything Sponges (海绵) can’t do? For thousands of years, humans have used dried natural sponges to
clean up, to paint and as containers to consume liquids like water or honey. And, as scientists around the world are
beginning to show, sponges’ cavity-filled (空腔填充) forms mean they could provide a solution to one of our era’s
biggest problems: microplastic pollution.
In August, researchers in China published a study describing their development of a man-made sponge that
makes short work of microscopic plastic debris (碎片). In tests, the researchers show that when a specially prepared
plastic-filled solution is pushed through one of their sponges, the sponge can remove both microplastics and even
smaller nanoplastics from the liquid. These particles typically become trapped in the sponge’s many openings.Though the sponges’ effectiveness varied in experiments, in part depending on the concentration of plastic and the
acidity and saltiness of the liquid, the best conditions allowed the researchers to remove as much as 90 percent of
the microplastics. They tried it in everything from tap water and seawater to — why not — soup from a local
takeout spot.
According to Guoging Wang, a materials chemist at Ocean University of China and co-author on the paper, the
sponge formula is adjustable. By adjusting the temperature when the two compounds are mixed, he says, the
sponges can be made more or less porous (渗透). This affects the size of particles collected — highly porous
sponges have lots of very small pores, which is good for catching very tiny particles. The sponges, if ever produced
at an industrial scale, Wang says, could be used in wastewater treatment plants to remove microplastics out of the
water or in food production facilities to depollute water.
There are hiccups to the sponge’s potential adoption, though What’s still lacking, says AliceHorton at the
United Kingdom’s National Oceanography Center, is proof that any of these newer sponge-based technologies can
be cost effective and successful in removing microplastics from water at a large scale. But one thing she is
confident about is that efforts to remove microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably
doomed to fail.
“I don’t think there is anything we can do on a large enough scale that will have any impact,” she says of that.
“We have to stop it getting there in the first place.”
80．Why does the author mention multiple applications of sponges in paragraph 1?
A．To introduce sponges’ newfound function.
B．To highlight that sponges can do anything.
C．To prove that sponges boast a long history.
D．To demonstrate sponges’ cavity-filled forms.
81．What can we learn about the man-made sponge?
A．Its effectiveness is uniform in experiments.
B．Its formula is fixed in controlling its openings.
C．It has been produced at an industrial scale.
D．It can effectively remove microscopic plastic debris.
82．What does the underlined word “hiccup” probably mean?
A．Opportunity. B．Prospect. C．Problem. D．Failure.
83．What does Alice Horton imply in the last paragraph?A．All things are difficult before they are easy. B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．Prevention is better than cure. D．Better late than never.
（2023上·河南·高三校联考）
Elephants eat plants. That’s common knowledge to biologists and animal-loving, schoolchildren alike. Yet
figuring out exactly what kind of plants they eat is more complicated.
A new study from a global team that included Brown University conservation biologists used innovative
methods to efficiently and precisely analyze the dietary habits of elephants in Kenya. Their findings on the habits of
individual elephants help answer important questions about group food searching behaviors, and aid biologists in
understanding the conservation approaches that best keep elephants not only sated (饱的) but satisfied.
“When I talk to non-ecologists, they are surprised to learn that we have never really had a clear picture of what
all of these large animals actually eat in nature,” Kartzinel, an expert botanist who has conducted field research in
Kenya, said. “The reason is that these animals are difficult and dangerous to observe from up-close, they move long
distances, they feed at night and in thick bush and a lot of the plants they feed on are quite small.”
Then the team compared the diets of individual elephants through time. In their analysis, they showed that
dietary differences among individuals were often far greater than what had been previously assumed, even among
family members that ate together on a given day.
This study helps address a classic paradox (悖论) in wildlife ecology. Kartzinel said: “How do social bonds
hold family groups together in a world of limited resources?” In other words, given that elephants all seemingly eat
the same plants, it's not obvious why competition for food doesn't push them apart and force them to search for
food independently.
“The simple answer is that elephants vary their diets based not only on what’s available but also their
preferences and physiological needs,” said Kartzinel. These findings help inform theories of why a group of
elephants may search for food together: The individual elephants don't always eat exactly the same plants at the
same time, so there will usually be enough plants to go around.
These findings may offer valuable insights for conservation biologists. To protect elephants and create
environments in which they can successfully grow their populations, they need a variety of plants to eat.
44．What did the new study focus on?
A．The results of conservation approaches. B．The eating habits of elephants.
C．Ways to protect elephants from starving.D．Elephants’ social behavior and needs.
45．What can we infer from paragraph 3?A．Elephants are hard to monitor. B．Elephants only live in thick bush.
C．Elephants are kind and friendly animals.D．Elephants seldom eat with humans around.
46．What message can conservation biologists get from the study?
A．It is necessary for elephants to live together.
B．It is possible to observe elephants up-close.
C．It is social bonds that hold elephants together.
D．It is important to protect the variety of plants.
47．Which word can be used to describe the study?
A．Inaccurate. B．Shocking. C．Beneficial. D．Subjective.
（2023上·广东广州·高三统考）
To observe your mind in automatic mode, glance at the image below.
Your experience as you look at the woman’s face combines what we normally call seeing and direct thinking.
As surely and quickly as you saw the young woman’s face, you knew this angry woman is about to say some
unkind words, probably in a loud and harsh voice. What she was going to do next came to mind automatically and
effortlessly. It was an instance of fast thinking.
Now look at the following problem:
17×24
You know immediately that this is a multiplication problem, and probably knew that you could solve it, with
paper and pencil. You would quickly recognize that both 12,609 and 123 are not possible. Without spending some
time on the problem, however, you would not be certain that the answer is not 568. If you do the computation, you
experienced a slow thinking process: conscious, effortful, and orderly.
The computation was not only an event in your mind; your body was also involved. Your muscles tensed up,
your blood pressure rose, and your heart rate increased. While you tackled this problem, your pupils would bewider and larger than usual. They came back to normal size as soon as you ended your work.
Psychologists have been interested for several decades in the two modes of thinking. They have offered many
labels for them. I adopt terms originally proposed by the psychologists Keith and Richard, and will refer to two
systems in the mind.
·System 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control.
·System 2 gives attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it. The operations of System 2 often
require attention and are disrupted when attention is drawn away.
The labels of System 1 and System 2 are widely used in psychology, but I go further than most in this book,
which you can read as a psychodrama with two characters. You will be invited to think of the two systems as agents
with their individual abilities, limitations, and functions.
48．Why does the author use a picture at the beginning?
A．To compare slow and fast thinking.
B．To stimulate the readers’ fast thinking.
C．To illustrate the features of fast thinking.
D．To emphasize the impact of fast thinking.
49．How would your body react when doing calculations?
A．Your heart would beat slower.
B．Your pupils would be enlarged.
C．Your mind would be refreshed.
D．Your muscles would be built up.
50．What does the underlined word “them” refer to?
A．The psychologists.
B．The thinking minds.
C．The terms in the book.
D．The two thinking systems.
51．Which of the following is an example of System 1?
A．Get the answer to 2+2=?
B．Understand a complex sentence.
C．Tell others your teachers’email account.
D．Look for a woman with white hair in a crowd.【2023 ▪新高考I卷】
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated
sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at
four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of
soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil
testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,
students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【2023 ▪全国甲卷】
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She
says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout
the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around £ 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth
wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?A. By making it look like before. B. By furmishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【2023 ▪全国乙卷】
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the
countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others
comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who
are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing.C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision.
25. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A. He disapproved of it. B. He was favorable to it.
C. He was tolerant of it. D. He didn’t care about it.
26. What can we infer about the author?
A. She is quite good at cooking. B. She respects others’ privacy.
C. She enjoys being a housewife. D. She is a determined person.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, insociety, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【2023 ▪新高考I卷】
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come
to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some
cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,
they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same
errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that
people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The
key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have adiscussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was
significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’sexperience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.D. Intercultural communication.
【2023 ▪全国乙卷】
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of
meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-
than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and
whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative.
C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
31. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
2022年记叙文
【2022年北京卷】
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that
faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which
obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation
not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a
pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-
on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that
this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and
more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth
for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to
completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 )
this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so
many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every
opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our
action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch
was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a
school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale
skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the
students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would
pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately,
between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind
forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much
like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-
speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to
converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in
Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be
fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse
population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This
work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the
streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?
A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.
C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.
2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
.
A An Italian teacher. B. A government official.
C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.
3. How did the summer job benefit the author?A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.
【2022年天津卷第二次】
I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall nd good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number
of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes
from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my
struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled
when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around
me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin
sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-
confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public
speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus
when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in
November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.”
Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that
such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea
suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the
famous talkshow host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my
color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-
love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do
is learn to appreciate it.
41. What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway!
A. Her appearance
B. Social discrimɪnation.
C. Her changing emotions.D. The climate in Norway.
42. What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3?
A. Her lack of self-confidence.
B. Her loss of interest in school.
C. Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D. Her desire for chances to improve herself.
43. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and ne girl on the bus?
A. Blessed and proud.
B. Confused and afraid.
C. Amazed and relieved.
D. Shocked and ashamed.
44. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill?
A. Great minds speak alike.
B. Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C. Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D. Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses.
45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage?
A. Pride comes before a fall.
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
.
D Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
2021年记叙文
【2021年全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby cameover, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【2020年浙江卷1月】I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.
Calloway our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was
on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change
your clothes. I was willing；I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books
for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she
wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day
you`d taken it out；it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You
could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing
them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was
extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing
something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red
Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer– in
character –"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.
21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A. diet. B. Strict. C. Humorous. D. Considerate.
22. What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?
A. Desire to read. B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C. Interest in games. D. Fear of the library rules.
23. Where is the text probably from?
A. guidebook. B. an autobiography. C. a news report. D. book review.
2022年阅读理解说明文
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to
look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads,
behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the
size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally
have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really
do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and
without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,
remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
4. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A. It has achieved notable success. B. It is led by number of schools.
C. It began in Europe in the 1970s. D. It will spread to the countryside.
5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?
A. To promote eco-tourism. B. To improve forestry research.
C. To popularise gardening. D. To get people close to nature.
6. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A. They are small in size. B. They are thickly planted.
C. They are foreign species. D. They are heavily fertilised.
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but
research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when
people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】 The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the
lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy,
electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in
the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.*' writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world*'. Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else."
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soonbecame the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
4. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A. It is closely linked to the steam age.
B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history.
D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
5. What can be inferred about Ned?
A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6. What is the text?
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads,
behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the
size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally
have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really
do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and
without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
4. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A. It has achieved notable success. B. It is led by number of schools.
C. It began in Europe in the 1970s. D. It will spread to the countryside.
5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?
A. To promote eco-tourism. B. To improve forestry research.
C. To popularise gardening. D. To get people close to nature.
6. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A. They are small in size. B. They are thickly planted.
C. They are foreign species. D. They are heavily fertilised.
【2022年天津卷第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible fo human cognition(认知)? What about
our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists
who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for
thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal
measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing
sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around
them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even
unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when
they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve
centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe
this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer,
processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one ex-periment, test subjects(实验对象) were
asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their
fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’
fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were
included felt physically warmer.For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and
sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in
difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across
languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day,a
warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any
interpersonal decisions.
46. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________.
A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
47. Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from?
A. Their personal looks.
B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emotions.
D. Their physical feelings.
48. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________.
A. environment impacts how we judge others
B. how body temperature is related to health
C. the mind and the body influence each other
D. how humans interact with their surroundings
49. What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5?
A. Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B. Human senses have effects on thinking.
C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
50. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.D. To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC.
2021年阅读理解说明文
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional
(情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a
person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability,
optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,
but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【2021年全国乙卷】You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes
enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von
Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging..
31 Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
2020年阅读理解说明文
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the
relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and
transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest
Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is
almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is
Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is
Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
C. Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your
holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to
bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-freeoption that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to
existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the
beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantlymore candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【2020年北京卷】Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight
against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her
monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However,
since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollutionlevels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A gency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English
youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at
the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government
in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down
and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very
interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let
her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog,
and we are all really proud of her."
34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.
A. take pollutant readings B. record pollutant levels
C. process collected data D. reduce air pollution
35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?
A. High places are free of air pollution.
B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.
D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
36. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A. To warn of a health risk. B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor. D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A. Modest. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Outgoing.
【2020年浙江卷1月】Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free – by
spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called "America's Dairyland," is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds
of cheese last year! a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive.
So what should cheese makers do with the waste?Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters' freezing point, causing ice to melt(融
化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option. Many people
suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless,
right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million
tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and
eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut
its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too – a shell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it," Emil Norby told
Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with the
idea of using cheese brine. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?
A. It is soft. B. It contains salt. C. It is warm. D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads?
A. Improving air quality. B. Increasing sales of rock salt.
C. Reducing water pollution. D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_______________.
A. barking up the wrong tree B. putting the cart before the horse
C. robbing Peter to pay Paul D. killing two birds with one stone
2022年阅读理解议论文
【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be
useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely
try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A
good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A. Making us simple-minded B. Making us short-signted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road. D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A. Through maintaining good health.
B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.
D. Through offering help much needed by others.
53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A. less selfish B. less annoying
C. more motivated D. more responsible
54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.D. When we stay blind to the reality.
55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge
2021年阅读理解议论文
【2021年全国甲卷】Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【2021年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian
homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【2021年北京卷】Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time
was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies
depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein
right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question
you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time
to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're
increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we
need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，
conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum
that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental
changes．We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If
the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll
see the opposite effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of
observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us
to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time willlive in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a
major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time
to natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting
dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to
their survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage
environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable
qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as
praiseworthy as its purpose．
.
31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach
33. What can we learn from this passage？
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34. What can we infer from this passage？
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We should live in harmony with nature．
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality．
【2021年天津卷第一次】About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It
worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning.
Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst
into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the
months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The
uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons
on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a
glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed
loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful
attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to
make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it
with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.
Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after
everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is
tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.
40．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.
C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
41．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.
C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
43．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
44．What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens.D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【2021年天津卷第一次】There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.
Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less
and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing
levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also
weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and
realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled
to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold
back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into
specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who
can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor
Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by
the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese
philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad,
general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.51．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A．narrow his range of knowledge
B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society
D．broaden his perspective on life
52．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A．treasure their freedom
B．travel around the world
C．spend most time working
D．enjoy meeting funny people
53．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy
D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
54．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D．Ways to Become a Generalist
2020年阅读理解议论文
【2020年北京卷】Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法)
carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our
smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more
perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have beendesigned. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…
that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest
that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by
many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
,
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【2020年江苏卷】I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical
researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the
customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village
without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little
misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer.
I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same
language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match
ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a
moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe
(敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s
world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and
found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s
village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that
way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part,
an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of
insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know
and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they
appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system
discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The
second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not justspecies, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for
these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of
scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the
same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of
exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the
stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that
insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when
something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A. He learned more about the local language.
B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing.
D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A. The question was too straightforward.
B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer.
D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A. To sort out what we have known.
B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B. They followed other scientists closely.
C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Possible and the Impossible .
B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
2022年阅读理解新闻报道
【2022年全国乙卷】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room
schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead,
Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the
subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,
who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in
blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
.
C They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
2020年阅读理解新闻报道
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in
Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted
to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party.
The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000
people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the
bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest
load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the
bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to
engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about
disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the
sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context
in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality
materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with
seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion
of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A. It carried more weight than it could.
B. It swayed violently in a strong wind
C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles
D. Its access was blocked by many people..
9. Which of the following is Dr Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A. No design is well received everywhere
B. Construction is more important than design.
C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
10. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead to progress. B. Success results in overconfidence
C. Failure should be avoided. D. Success comes from joint efforts.
11. What is the text?
A. A news report B. A short story.
C. A book review D. A research article.
