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专题验收评价
专题 08 推理判断题
内容概览
A·常考题不丢分
【命题点01 逻辑推断题】
【命题点02 观点态度题】
【命题点03 写作意图题】
【命题点04 文章出处题和读者对象题】
【微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱】
B·拓展培优拿高分
C·挑战真题争满分
【命题点 01 逻辑推断题】
1.【2022·全国高考乙卷片段】Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence
the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools.
Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is
playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】 15. B
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show thepositive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in
schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食
筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
2.【2021·英语全国甲卷片段】
...
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be
returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过
早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
3.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试片段】
One aspect of the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many homes and businesses burn natural
gas for heating and cooking. Natural gas gives out greenhouse gases as well as other pollutants that can harm
health. Gas appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versions and tap into clean electricity.
Panama Bartholomy is the director of the Building Decarbonization Coalition. His group, based in Petaluma,
Calif., focuses on limiting gas emissions indoors. “We assume the electric grid (输电网) is getting cleaner over
time, which it is. So, we want more and more of our heating to come from electricity.”
It’s much easier to make these types of transitions when governments recommend them, says Beth Miller.
She is an ecologist and consultant with Good Company. Based in Eugene, Ore., it helps companies and
communities reduce their carbon footprint. Some states are already taking steps to make these changes. OnSeptember 22, for instance, California decided it would ban the sale of gas-fired space heaters and water heaters by
2030.
After homes and businesses make the switch to electric alternatives, they will be more comfortable, says
Bartholomy. They will be safer and cleaner, too, he adds. Instead of a gas furnace(燃气炉), an electric heat pump
could both heat and cool a home. Gas heaters and stoves won’t be pumping pollution into a home’s air. And cooks
will have even more control on a modern electric cooker than on a gas stove says Bartholomy.
Getting natural gas out of your home is probably the largest positive impact you can have for the planet,
Bartholomy says. “We all need to fight for a livable climate. There is no way to meet our climate goals while still
burning gas in buildings. For a livable future, we must take measures to stop burning natural gas, though we know
we have a long way to go.” And the bonus: It now looks like doing that should also save people a lot of money.
14．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Homes will be safer. B．Gas stoves will be replaced soon.
C．Homes’ air will have more pollutants. D．Cooks prefer to use traditional cookers.
【答案】 14．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述将会在建筑内部发生清洁能源的改变，燃气设备将被电动设备
取代以及利用清洁能源的好处。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“After homes and businesses make the switch to electric alternatives, they will be
more comfortable, says Bartholomy. They will be safer and cleaner, too, he adds. (Bartholomy说，在家庭和企业
改用电力替代品之后，它们会更舒适。他补充说，它们也会更安全、更清洁)”可推知，家将会更安全。故
选A。
4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考片段】
People spend about a third of their lives sleeping. That might sound like time wasted, but it’s not. Even in a
deep sleep, the brain is busy. It’s hard at work sorting memories, cleansing itself of harmful wastes and more. This
time of rest also helps the body build stronger bones and heal wounds faster. Experts recommend that teens get
about nine hours of sleep each night. But surveys show that only about one-third of 18-year-old report getting at
least seven hours of sleep per night. As teens go through puberty(青春期), they become natural night owls. Their
bodies don’t release the hormone melatonin (褪黑激素)—which tells the brain it’s time for bed—until later at
night. This shifts their circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) so that sleep comes most easily between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m. But
most pubic middle and high schools in the United States start before 8:30 a.m. And that’s a major problem.
...8．What does the first paragraph imply?
A．There is more for the brain to deal with.
B．The brain is the busiest during sleeping time.
C．Sleep is vital to our health and wellbeing.
D．Many are suffering sleep-related problems.
【答案】8．C
8．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Even in a deep sleep, the brain is busy. It’s hard at work sorting memories,
cleansing itself of harmful wastes and more. This time of rest also helps the body build stronger bones and heal
wounds faster.（即使在深度睡眠中，大脑也很忙碌。大脑需要努力整理记忆，清除有害废物等等。这段时
间的休息也有助于身体建立更强壮的骨骼，更快地愈合伤口）”可以推论出，睡眠对我们的健康和幸福至
关重要。故选C项。
5.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟片段】
Para 3: Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world.
Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea
level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne
farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found
his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the
delivery of fresh food to millions.
The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for reproduction—which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are
working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current
Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of
Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new projects will apply lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know
how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest obstacles he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but
rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities
need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where
you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different
order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
9．It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A．90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea levelB．The New York City is working hard to fight climate change
C．The local community will not be fed without new farming
D．Waterborne facilities are necessary to the future of Rotterdam
【答案】 9．D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on
water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt.
Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place.(从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市
的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。
如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，
浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。
【命题点 02 观点态度题】
1.【2021年新高考I卷之D篇片段】
Para3: Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive
aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and
others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the
public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday
life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案】34. A
【解析】 推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效
果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行
了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
2.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷 D篇片段】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
...
Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows,
while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走
和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞
走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
...
Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by
environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is — the sky filled with
little moons.
11．What is the writer’s attitude toward lighting management?
A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
【答案】 11．A
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50
years, every city could be lit by environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what
darkness is — the sky filled with little moons.(现在，很难知道“middle way ”方法会是什么样子。50年后，每
个城市都可以用对环境影响小的灯照亮，或者我们可能已经完全忘记了黑暗是什么——天空中布满了小月亮)”可知，“middle way”有可能是让人们使用对环境影响小的灯照明，也可能让天空挂满了小月亮。由此
推知，作者对解决光污染的方法持中立态度。故选A。
4.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
...
The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues
Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he
questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which
could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.
15．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption?
A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.
【答案】 15．D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的““This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov
at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other
reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically
across species, he says.(“这是一个值得检验的有趣假设，”Newcastle大学的Chris Petkov说，尽管他对某些
方面提出了质疑。他说，由于人类不是在树上生活的，所以辅音保留下来一定有其他原因，这可以通过在
不同物种之间更系统地描述类似辅音的声音来验证。)”可知，Chris Petkov对Adriano Lameira的假设的态度
是谨慎的，故选D。
【命题点 03 写作意图题】
1.【2022·新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to
make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with
a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
...
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
【答案】4. B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.
(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even
worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的
推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，
作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
2.【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】11．A【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了
他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断
本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight of her
son, Justin, dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverly’s central air conditioning had stopped
working in the middle of a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and he’d shown up as a surprise. As she
watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and appreciation.
Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or
expands our thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can
also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to
help others.
Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people
can bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping
changes. We can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the
phone. But it happens in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his
then-five-year-old daughter. When she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and
handed it to him.
Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to
notice it when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects.
4．Why does the writer tell Beverly’s story?
A．To show sympathy for her. B．To cite an example of awe.
C．To express appreciation to her son. D．To start a discussion about awe.
【答案】4．B
【解析】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled
her with awe. (在2021年的夏天，贝弗利·瓦克斯经历了一次让她充满敬畏的经历)”及第一段可推断，作者
讲述贝弗莉的故事是为了举一个敬畏的例子。故选B。
4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Computers are closely linked to education today and the Internet can offer any help you want. But for now,
experts say, don’t throw away your books. Researchers in Span and Israel took a close look at 54 studies comparingdial and print reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often think they learn more
from reading online. When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,”
says the researcher.
Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist who specializes in how the brain reads. We
learn to talk by listening to those around us. It’s pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real work. It’s because
the brain has no special network of cells just for reading. To understand text, the brain borrows networks that
evolved (进化) to do other things. This is similar to how you might adapt a tool for some new use. For example, a
coat hanger is great for putting your clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refrigerator, you might
straighten out the coat hanger and use it to reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. You’ve taken a tool made
for one thing and adapted it for something new. That’s what the brain does when you read.
...
13．What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show what the brain takes to read.
B．To illustrate how the brain evolves.
C．To introduce a coat hanger’s functions.
D．To outline the features of reading.
【答案】1 13．A
【解析】13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist
who specializes in how the brain reads. We learn to talk by listening to those around us. It’s pretty automatic. But
learning to read takes real work. It’s because the brain has no special network of cells just for reading. ”（专门研
究大脑如何阅读的神经科学家玛丽安·沃尔夫(Maryanne Wolf)解释说，阅读不是自然的。我们通过倾听周围
人的声音来学习说话。这是相当自动的。但是学习阅读需要真正的努力。这是因为大脑没有专门用于阅读
的细胞网络。）及“For example, a coat hanger is great for putting your clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry
rolls under the refrigerator, you might straighten out the coat hanger and use it to reach under the fridge and pull out
the fruit. You’ve taken a tool made for one thing and adapted it for something new. That’s what the brain does when
you read.”（例如，衣架很适合把你的衣服放在壁橱里。但如果蓝莓在冰箱下面滚来滚去，你可以把衣架弄
直，用它抵达到冰箱下面，把蓝莓拉出来。你把一个为一件事而设计的工具改造成新的东西。当你阅读时，
大脑就是这么做的。）可知，作者通过例举拿衣架到冰箱里取蓝莓的行为，给我们展示大脑阅读的能力也
是类似的，即通过阅读，我们可以了解更多的东西。故选A。【命题点 04 文章出处题和读者对象题】
1.【2019·全国 I】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for
biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these
technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using
the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how
they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【答案】 31. D
【解析】 D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可
知，本文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。
2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
Having studied John Berger’s Ways of Seeing, you will write a four-page image analysis essay and interpret
what you “see” when you study the visual text. Your focus is not simply to describe the visual text you’re
analyzing, but to explain to the readers the argument you believe is proposed by the visual text.
Context:
Some visual texts can motivate, persuade and/or influence. Advertisements, political cartoons, art or campaign
posters that are concerned with social or political issues are examples of this category of visual text. We are
surrounded everyday by visual arguments or attempts at persuasion.Instructions:
◆ Select a visual text that you believe presents an argument to its viewers.
◆ Briefly study the visual text you’ve selected and underline the central argument its designers are trying to
make.
◆ Analyze the design elements used and the organization of the text in order to determine some of the
decisions the designer or artist has made.
◆ Use the process of “observation/inference/evaluation” to check your essay and determine the tools the
designer or artist is using to persuade you.
Schedule & Due Date:
(All work is due at the beginning of class on the dates listed below; late work will be downgraded.)
March 1st: Select three visual texts for assignment consideration.
March 20th: Berger-typed drafts due/peer-editing workshop.
March 22nd: a four-page essay, free write with image & arts show due; Class presentation (25% of your
grade).
1．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper.
C．A course assignment. D．An academic article.
【答案】1．C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Having studied John Berger’s Ways of Seeing, you will write a four-page
image analysis essay and interpret what you “see” when you study the visual text. Your focus is not simply to
describe the visual text you’re analyzing, but to explain to the readers the argument you believe is proposed by the
visual text.(在学习了John Berger的Ways of Seeing之后，你将写一篇四页的图像分析文章，并解释当你研究
视觉文本时你“看到”了什么。你的重点不是简单地描述你正在分析的视觉文本，而是向读者解释你认为
视觉文本提出的论点。)”和Schedule & Due Date:部分的“All work is due at the beginning of class on the
dates listed below; late work will be downgraded.(所有作业必须在下列日期上课前交；迟交的作业将被降
级。)”可知，这是一篇作业要求，来自于课程作业，故选C。
3.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
The huge structures of ancient Rome have survived for thousands of years—a testament to the abilities and
wisdom of Roman engineers, who perfected the use of concrete. But how did their construction materials help keep
grand buildings like the Pantheon(万神殿) (which has the world’s largest unreinforced dome)and the Colosseum(斗兽场)standing for more than 2,000 years?
Roman concrete, in many cases, has proven to be longer-lasting than modern concrete, which can worsen
within decades. Now, scientists behind a new study say they have uncovered the mystery ingredient that allowed
the Romans to make their construction material so durable and build splendid structures in challenging places such
as docks, sewers and earthquake zones.
The study team, including researchers from the United States, Italy and Switzerland, analyzed 2,000-year-old
concrete samples that were taken from a city wall at the archaeological site of Privernum, in central Italy, and are
similar in composition to other concrete found throughout the Roman Empire.
They found that white chunks(块)in the concrete, referred to as lime clasts(石灰碎屑),gave the concrete the
ability to heal cracks that formed over time. The white chunks previously had been overlooked as evidence of
careless mixing or poor-quality raw material.
The new finding could help make manufacturing today’s concrete more sustainable, potentially shaking up
society as the Romans once did.“Conerete allowed the Romans to have an architectural revolution,”Masic
said,“Romans were able to create and turn the cities into something that is extraordinary and beautiful to live in.
And that revolution basically changed completely the way humans live.”
11．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?
A．Education. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Lifestyle.
【答案】 11．C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章主要内容“文章讲述了科学家揭开古罗马建筑千年不衰的秘密。”以及关
键词“The study team”和“The new finding”等可以推测出文章出自报纸的科学板块。故选C。
4.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
Ten percent of the world’s species live in the Amazon Rainforest, including some of the most interesting and
unique creatures on Earth. Not only that, but some Amazon native species directly benefit humans. If you like
chocolate, and coffee, you’ve benefited from Amazonian plants. Even more importantly, the Amazon Rainforest
keeps our air clean and breathable.
Cognizant of its great impact on the planet, activists are working to stop deforestation. A new algorithm (算
法) that predicts which areas are at most risk of habitat destruction gives Amazon defenders a hand in their fight
against deforestation.
The Trans-Amazonian highway is a road that stretches across the Amazon Rainforest. Branching off of this
official highway are around two million miles of unofficial roads, many built illegally by loggers, miners, andresidents of unauthorized settlements. Nearly half of the rainforest has one of these roads, which Carlos Souza Jr, a
researcher monitoring the Amazon, calls “lines of destruction”, within six miles. Imazon, a Brazilian research
institution published a study showing that 95 percent of deforestation occurred within three miles of the “lines of
destruction”. Additionally, 90 percent of forest fires were next to illegal Amazonian roads. That makes finding these
roads key to preventing deforestation and damage. However, in a two and half million square rainforest, that’s
easier said than done. Previously activists manually (人工地) examined over satellite images to spot these roads.
They also recorded the result of deforestation. But now, technology may help activists become more proactive (主
动出击的).
Imazon researchers fed the manual data into an artificial intelligence algorithm to train it to find the
unauthorized roads. The program predicts where there may be roads, with about 70 percent accuracy. Its outputs are
then confirmed by researchers using satellite images.
The PrevisIA map and statistics can help governments channel deforestation prevention efforts to threatened
areas. The hope is that by identifying the areas in advance, politicians and activists can take proactive steps against
the illegal roads, and prevent deforestation before it happens.
35．In which section may the text appear in a newspaper?
A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Education. D．Environment.
【答案】 35．D
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了科学技术有助于保护亚马逊的森林。这与环境有关，由
此可知，本文可能在报纸的环境专栏找到。故选D。
5.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】
An Warm-hearted Landlord
Ming Tinggui, 41, a landlord in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, has become famous online because of his acts of
kindness during the city’s COVID-19 lockdown.
Xi’an imposed a citywide lockdown on Dec 23 in an effort to prevent a resurgence (复发) of COVID-19.
Ming had 81 tenants (租户) in Yanta district at that time, about 80 percent of whom were students who had moved
to Xi’an to attend training classes, begin internships or take China’s postgraduate entrance exam, scheduled from
Dec 25 to 27. Most of the students only brought simple belongings that could fit inside a suitcase, with no room for
pots or pans to cook with. Under lockdown, they were not allowed to go out, making mealtime a major headache.
Having seen his young tenants living on instant noodles and snacks, Ming decided to cook meals for them. He
bought as many vegetables as possible in the community and told his tenants via WeChat that he could providedinner for them each day. His idea was warmly welcomed. The tenants placed their orders in the WeChat group
every day, and Ming prepared their meals accordingly.
His wife and 65-year-old mother also joined him to wash vegetables and dishes. Although there were food
supply problems at the beginning of the lockdown, Ming still managed to buy some meat for his hungry young
tenants.
Ming received as many as 45 orders a day. Some of the tenants wanted to pay him for the dinner but were
refused. Ming said he cooked the meals not for money but to help those in need. With the tenants-safety in mind,
Ming divided the orders into small groups so that they could fetch their dinner one by one while keeping two
meters from each other.
Greatly moved, the tenants reported his good deeds to the local media, shooting him to stardom overnight.
Hearing of his generosity, many people offered to give Ming money to help feed his young tenants, but Ming
politely refused.
Ming has decided to continue to prepare meals for his tenants until the lockdown is over, or at least until
takeout food is available.
7．Where is the passage taken from?
A．A government document B．A tourist brochure
C．An advertisement D．A newspaper
【答案】 7．D
【解析】7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Greatly moved, the tenants reported his good deeds to the
local media, shooting him to stardom overnight.”（房客们深受感动，向当地媒体报道了他的善行，让他一夜
成名）可知，该篇文章来自报纸报道。故选D项。
【微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱】
1.（2023上·福建厦门·高二福建省厦门第六中学校考期中）I was 6 years old when my father told me we
were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团). Until that point, I had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing
with the other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that has a loose structure. So the early years after my
leaving the circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.
But years later, I found areas that interested me. I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and applied
them to broadcasting. And so when Boston’s news station WBUR offered me a job out of college, I jumped at the
chance. Along the way, I found I really enjoyed the work. I became WBUR’s news reporter. The flexibility and
adaptability I’d learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation —whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston, or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.
But then a serious infectious disease appeared. Suddenly, for the first time in my adult life, I went for a year
without doing any shows. But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted. For me, the circus
symbolizes who I am. And stages have always been where I’ve felt the most free. Some people get nervous before
they go onstage, but by acting the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face, all my
social anxiety disappears.
Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even language. It’s the type of performance
where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone — help anyone forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even
30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.
6．How did the author feel in the early years of school?
A．Curious. B．Fresh. C．Controlled. D．Impatient.
7．What do we know about the author’s job at WBUR?
A．He did it for his father. B．He did it against his will.
C．He risked his neck doing it. D．He took to it greatly.
8．What does the circus probably mean to the author?
A．A means of living. B．A chance to go anywhere.
C．A part of his identity. D．A way to forget his troubles.
9．Why does the author write the text?
A．To express his love for circus performances. B．To stress the value of performing.
C．To share his personal experiences in a circus. D．To discuss the problem of choosing a job.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。因为父亲是杂耍演员，作者小时候一直在马戏团里生活，后来父亲决定离开，
作者一开始很不习惯。马戏团的生活教会了作者很多，他后来因此得到了在电视台工作的机会，但是作者
意识到自己真正想要的是表演，所以决定去马戏团为观众表演。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Until that point, I had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing with the
other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that has a loose structure. So the early years after my leaving the
circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.(在那之前，我的大部分时间都在马戏团里，和其他
马戏团的孩子们一起玩耍。从本质上讲，马戏团是一个结构松散的马戏团。所以我离开马戏团后的最初几
年，整天坐在教室里，感觉更像是在监狱里)”可知，作者小时候大部分时间都在马戏团里生活，自由自在，
但是离开马戏团作者上学之后，就感觉好像在监狱里一样，由此推断作者感觉早期在学校的生活是不自在的。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I became WBUR’s news reporter. The flexibility and adaptability I’d learned in
the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation(我成了WBUR的新闻记者。
我小时候在马戏团学到的灵活性和适应能力帮助我在压力下自然而轻松地完成工作)”可知，由于作者学校
的灵活性和适应能力，帮助作者能够在压力下自然而轻松地完成WBUR的工作，即作者在WBUR的工作
做得很好。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.(最重要的是，对我
来说，这意味着回家)”可知，回到马戏团就意味着回家，因此马戏团对作者来说可能是他身份的一部分。
故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even
language. It’s the type of performance where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone — help anyone
forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even 30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.(马戏表
演超越了年龄、社会经济地位，甚至语言。这是一种你可以去世界任何地方娱乐任何人的表演-帮助任何人
忘记他们的烦恼5分钟，10分钟，甚至30分钟。最重要的是，对我来说，这意味着回家)”以及通读全文，
可知，文章讲述了作者小时候在马戏团长大，离开后进入传媒行业，但在遭遇疾病困扰后重新回到马戏团
的经历。作者强调了马戏团所代表的自由和表演的意义，并认为这是他的家，由此文章之所以写这篇文章
目的在于表达他对马戏表演的热爱。故选A。
2.（2023上·山东济宁·高三校考开学考试）Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the
findings of a recent study that looked at the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe.
The level of gender equality in those regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income
level of the region also had little impact on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the
Indian state Hunches Pradesh- was the trend reversed with boys doing better.
So what are the causes of girls’ stronger performance? In the UK, girls outperform boys in exams that are
taken at the age of 15 or 16, called GCSEs. According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls
and boys are brought up. “Boys are encouraged to be more active from an early age, while girls are encouraged to
be quieter… Therefore, girls develop the skill of sitting still for longer periods of time, which is used for academic
pursuits like studying for GCSEs.”
He goes on to say that boys often cluster together in larger groups than girls. Because of this they are more
likely to be influenced by peer pressure and develop a gang mentality. He says that GCSEs require a lot of solo
work and are not viewed as ‘cool’ in boys’ culture.This is backed up by research in the UK that says girls are out-performing boys at the age of five. So, what is
the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do exams and school curricula need to be changed to
better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing educators in many countries.
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Girls outperform boys in exams in most cases.
B．Boys do better in school in poorer areas.
C．Girls do better if they are socially equal to boys.
D．Boys are not working hard enough in exams.
2．According to Ian Toone, what might account for the phenomenon?
A．Different characters and personalities.
B．Different attitudes to learning.
C．Different ways of raising children.
D．Different methods in exams.
3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To provide answer to a difficult question.
B．To raise awareness in gender differences.
C．To advocate separating boys and girls.
D．To change school curricula to benefit boys.
4．What might the author discuss in the following paragraphs?
A．Education reforms in some Countries.
B．Examples of boys’ achievement.
C．New systems of examinations.
D．Advertisement of some schools.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明，在世界各地，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好，并且对这
一现象进行的分析。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the findings of a
recent study that looked at the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe. The level of
gender equality in those regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income level of the
region also had little impact on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state
Hunches Pradesh- was the trend reversed with boys doing better. (在世界各地，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好。这些是最近一项研究的结果，该研究调查了全球74个地区150万名15岁青少年的测试结果。这些地区的
性别平等程度对结果没有影响。其他因素，如该地区的收入水平，对调查结果的影响也很小。只有在三个
地区——哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加和印度喜马偕尔邦——这一趋势发生逆转，男孩表现更好。)”可知，这一
段主要表明大部分情况下，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls and boys
are brought up. (根据教育专家伊恩·图恩的说法，这取决于女孩和男孩的成长方式。)”可知，根据教育专家
伊恩·图恩的说法，大部分情况下，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好的原因在于女孩和男孩的成长方式。故选
C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, what is the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do
exams and school curricula need to be changed to better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing
educators in many countries. (那么，答案是什么呢？女孩和男孩应该分开接受教育吗？还是需要改变考试和
学校课程以更好地反映男孩的技能？这些都是许多国家的教育工作者面临的问题。)”可知，作者写这篇文
章的目的是要引起大家对不同性别的孩子的教育方式的意识。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, what is the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do
exams and school curricula need to be changed to better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing
educators in many countries. (那么，答案是什么呢？女孩和男孩应该分开接受教育吗？还是需要改变考试和
学校课程以更好地反映男孩的技能？这些都是许多国家的教育工作者面临的问题。)”可知，作者接下来要
讨论一些国家在男孩和女孩教育方面的改革措施。故选A。
（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考期中）
Have you noticed how the price of online purchases can increase at checkout? This is due to a strategy called
“drip pricing,” coined by American economist Richard Thaler in 1971. Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses
gradually add extra charges to a customer’s bill, making the initially advertised price rise.
This strategy takes advantage of customers’ tendency to commit to a purchase when they see a low original
price. As extra fees are added, customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due to their
emotional investment. Businesses, from e-commerce stores to airlines, use this technique to significantly boost their
profits. The initial price of a product or service can sharply increase with the addition of various costs. For example,a flight ticket can considerably increase due to the inclusion of extra costs such as baggage fees, seating options,
and access to express lanes.
However, current laws seem inadequate in the face of these practices, resulting in calls for new regulations and
clearer retailer responsibilities. Dr. Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at the University of
Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge plays an effective role. “Our study shows that when customers are
informed about drip pricing techniques, they are less likely to fall for them, ultimately leading to more cost-
effective purchases,” Dr. Doe said.
The success of drip pricing depends on customers not knowing or accepting these extra costs. An interesting
suggestion to fight these practices could be the start of an annual event to highlight and criticize the worst examples
of drip pricing. Possible award categories might include The Biggest Drip, Most Uselessly Named Charge, and the
Droplet Award for multiple extra pricing add-ons. Such an event could strengthen customers and promote openness
in pricing, thereby challenging the success of drip pricing.
As we progress into the era of digital commerce, the need for transparency and fairness in pricing is becoming
increasingly important. Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies not only in stricter laws
and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the necessary knowledge and tools.
2．What does the term “drip pricing” refer to?
A．An outdated approach applied in e-commerce pricing.
B．An in-depth study on the continual rise of business prices.
C．A pricing strategy involving added costs to the initial price.
D．A cost reduction technique commonly employed in airlines.
3．What drives customers to proceed with a purchase even as costs increase?
A．Fear of losing previous orders. B．Restrictions from acts and laws
C．Emotional commitment to the product. D．Unawareness of the additional charges.
4．According to Dr. Jane Doe, how to protect consumers from drip pricing?
A．By enforcing clear new laws B．By providing consumer education.
C．By promoting cost-effective shopping. D．By organizing challenging annual events
5．What can be inferred from paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Annual events will award successful drip pricing.
B．Ignoring drip pricing is an effective way to resist it.
C．Consumer advocates need support from the media.D．Consumers and authorities should make joint efforts.
【答案】2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。水滴定价是一种策略，商家逐渐在客户的账单上增加额外费用，使最初宣传的
价格上涨，这已经引起了广泛关注，人们呼吁对它进行防范和管理。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses gradually add extra charges
to a customer’s bill, making the initially advertised price rise.(水滴定价是一种策略，商家逐渐在客户的账单上
增加额外费用，使最初宣传的价格上涨。)”可知，“水滴定价”指的是在初始价格基础上增加成本的定价
策略。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As extra fees are added, customers often continue with the purchase
despite the increased cost due to their emotional investment.(随着额外费用的增加，尽管成本增加，由于他们
的情感投入，顾客往往继续购买。)”可知，对产品的情感投入驱使顾客在成本增加的情况下继续购买。故
选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“Dr. Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at
the University of Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge plays an effective role. “Our study shows that when
customers are informed about drip pricing techniques, they are less likely to fall for them, ultimately leading to
more cost-effective purchases,” Dr. Doe said.(剑桥大学消费者行为研究小组的Jane Doe博士发现，消费者的
知识起着有效的作用。多伊博士说：“我们的研究表明，当客户被告知水滴定价技术时，他们不太可能上
当，最终导致更具成本效益的购买。”)”可知，可以通过提供消费者教育来保护消费者免受水滴定价技术
的欺骗。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies
not only in stricter laws and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the necessary
knowledge and tools.(消费者权益倡导者认为，打击水滴定价的关键不仅在于政府制定更严格的法律法规，
还在于为消费者提供必要的知识和工具。)”可知，从第四段和第五段中可以推断出消费者和当局应该共同
努力。故选D。
（2023上·福建厦门·高二福建省厦门第六中学校考期中）
I was 6 years old when my father told me we were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团). Until that point, I
had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing with the other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that
has a loose structure. So the early years after my leaving the circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a
prison.
But years later, I found areas that interested me. I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and appliedthem to broadcasting. And so when Boston’s news station WBUR offered me a job out of college, I jumped at the
chance. Along the way, I found I really enjoyed the work. I became WBUR’s news reporter. The flexibility and
adaptability I’d learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation —
whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston, or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.
But then a serious infectious disease appeared. Suddenly, for the first time in my adult life, I went for a year
without doing any shows. But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted. For me, the circus
symbolizes who I am. And stages have always been where I’ve felt the most free. Some people get nervous before
they go onstage, but by acting the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face, all my
social anxiety disappears.
Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even language. It’s the type of performance
where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone — help anyone forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even
30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.
6．How did the author feel in the early years of school?
A．Curious. B．Fresh. C．Controlled. D．Impatient.
7．What do we know about the author’s job at WBUR?
A．He did it for his father. B．He did it against his will.
C．He risked his neck doing it. D．He took to it greatly.
8．What does the circus probably mean to the author?
A．A means of living. B．A chance to go anywhere.
C．A part of his identity. D．A way to forget his troubles.
9．Why does the author write the text?
A．To express his love for circus performances. B．To stress the value of performing.
C．To share his personal experiences in a circus. D．To discuss the problem of choosing a job.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。因为父亲是杂耍演员，作者小时候一直在马戏团里生活，后来父亲决定离开，
作者一开始很不习惯。马戏团的生活教会了作者很多，他后来因此得到了在电视台工作的机会，但是作者
意识到自己真正想要的是表演，所以决定去马戏团为观众表演。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Until that point, I had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing with the
other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that has a loose structure. So the early years after my leaving the
circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.(在那之前，我的大部分时间都在马戏团里，和其他马戏团的孩子们一起玩耍。从本质上讲，马戏团是一个结构松散的马戏团。所以我离开马戏团后的最初几
年，整天坐在教室里，感觉更像是在监狱里)”可知，作者小时候大部分时间都在马戏团里生活，自由自在，
但是离开马戏团作者上学之后，就感觉好像在监狱里一样，由此推断作者感觉早期在学校的生活是不自在
的。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I became WBUR’s news reporter. The flexibility and
adaptability I’d learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation(我
成了WBUR的新闻记者。我小时候在马戏团学到的灵活性和适应能力帮助我在压力下自然而轻松地完成工
作)”可知，由于作者学校的灵活性和适应能力，帮助作者能够在压力下自然而轻松地完成WBUR的工作，
即作者在WBUR的工作做得很好。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.(最重要的是，对我
来说，这意味着回家)”可知，回到马戏团就意味着回家，因此马戏团对作者来说可能是他身份的一部分。
故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even
language. It’s the type of performance where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone — help anyone
forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even 30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.(马戏表
演超越了年龄、社会经济地位，甚至语言。这是一种你可以去世界任何地方娱乐任何人的表演-帮助任何人
忘记他们的烦恼5分钟，10分钟，甚至30分钟。最重要的是，对我来说，这意味着回家)”以及通读全文，
可知，文章讲述了作者小时候在马戏团长大，离开后进入传媒行业，但在遭遇疾病困扰后重新回到马戏团
的经历。作者强调了马戏团所代表的自由和表演的意义，并认为这是他的家，由此文章之所以写这篇文章
目的在于表达他对马戏表演的热爱。故选A。
（2023上·山东济宁·高三校考开学考试）
Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the findings of a recent study that looked at
the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe. The level of gender equality in those
regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income level of the region also had little impact
on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state Hunches Pradesh- was the trend
reversed with boys doing better.
So what are the causes of girls’ stronger performance? In the UK, girls outperform boys in exams that are
taken at the age of 15 or 16, called GCSEs. According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls
and boys are brought up. “Boys are encouraged to be more active from an early age, while girls are encouraged to
be quieter… Therefore, girls develop the skill of sitting still for longer periods of time, which is used for academic
pursuits like studying for GCSEs.”He goes on to say that boys often cluster together in larger groups than girls. Because of this they are more
likely to be influenced by peer pressure and develop a gang mentality. He says that GCSEs require a lot of solo
work and are not viewed as ‘cool’ in boys’ culture.
This is backed up by research in the UK that says girls are out-performing boys at the age of five. So, what is
the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do exams and school curricula need to be changed to
better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing educators in many countries.
60．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Girls outperform boys in exams in most cases.
B．Boys do better in school in poorer areas.
C．Girls do better if they are socially equal to boys.
D．Boys are not working hard enough in exams.
61．According to Ian Toone, what might account for the phenomenon?
A．Different characters and personalities.
B．Different attitudes to learning.
C．Different ways of raising children.
D．Different methods in exams.
62．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To provide answer to a difficult question.
B．To raise awareness in gender differences.
C．To advocate separating boys and girls.
D．To change school curricula to benefit boys.
63．What might the author discuss in the following paragraphs?
A．Education reforms in some Countries.
B．Examples of boys’ achievement.
C．New systems of examinations.
D．Advertisement of some schools.
【答案】60．A 61．C 62．B 63．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明，在世界各地，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好，并且对这
一现象进行的分析。
60．细节理解题。根据第一段“Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the findings of a
recent study that looked at the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe. The level ofgender equality in those regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income level of the
region also had little impact on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state
Hunches Pradesh- was the trend reversed with boys doing better. (在世界各地，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好。
这些是最近一项研究的结果，该研究调查了全球74个地区150万名15岁青少年的测试结果。这些地区的
性别平等程度对结果没有影响。其他因素，如该地区的收入水平，对调查结果的影响也很小。只有在三个
地区——哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加和印度喜马偕尔邦——这一趋势发生逆转，男孩表现更好。)”可知，这一
段主要表明大部分情况下，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好。故选A。
61．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls and boys
are brought up. (根据教育专家伊恩·图恩的说法，这取决于女孩和男孩的成长方式。)”可知，根据教育专家
伊恩·图恩的说法，大部分情况下，女孩在学校的表现都比男孩好的原因在于女孩和男孩的成长方式。故选
C。
62．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, what is the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do
exams and school curricula need to be changed to better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing
educators in many countries. (那么，答案是什么呢？女孩和男孩应该分开接受教育吗？还是需要改变考试和
学校课程以更好地反映男孩的技能？这些都是许多国家的教育工作者面临的问题。)”可知，作者写这篇文
章的目的是要引起大家对不同性别的孩子的教育方式的意识。故选B。
63．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, what is the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do
exams and school curricula need to be changed to better reflect boys’ skills? These are the questions facing
educators in many countries. (那么，答案是什么呢？女孩和男孩应该分开接受教育吗？还是需要改变考试和
学校课程以更好地反映男孩的技能？这些都是许多国家的教育工作者面临的问题。)”可知，作者接下来要
讨论一些国家在男孩和女孩教育方面的改革措施。故选A。
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
A comment from Zadie Smith caught my attention this week. Asked whether she had ever considered
recording an album, the novelist responded, “I have a dream of having a Café Carlyle residency in New York in my
80s.” Here she is at the height of her success dreaming of a career Plan B just like the rest of us!
Weird Plan Bs fascinate me because for years I had one of my own. Despite being perfectly happy in my
chosen profession, I had long harboured the fantasy of becoming a photographer and I took a lockdown leap and
applied to art school to acquire some actual skills.
Has it brought me fame and riches? Not as yet. Like many people who dream of having a go at something
different, I was focusing on creative fulfilment rather than my future finances. By the time I graduated in 2022, mydream of running a portrait photography business was looking a lot less practicable—in part thanks to AI head-shot
generators.
If only I had had a little more Fobo, also known as the fear of becoming out-of-date. This workplace trend is
an updated version of Fomo—the fear of missing out, which now feels like a poignant (辛酸的) throwback to more
optimistic times. 22% of workers are worried that technology will put them out of a job. And who can blame them?
There is another reason that nurturing an alterative career might be risky. Research indicates that having a
back-up plan can work against you. Having a Plan B as a safety net can cause people to make less effort at their day
job and — unhelpfully — run a greater risk of losing it.
So, do I regret pursuing my Plan B? Not at all — hopefully I’ve got a few years before robot photographers
take over the world, and I currently spend a day a week on photography. My only sorrow is something unexpected.
For so many years. I had the fantasy of trying something new. My “someday” ambition sustained me through dull
and boring days. But now I’m actually spending some of my week doing it, which has caused empty space in my
life. It made me realize that having an alternative career to dream about is in itself sustaining and comforting. You
might never do it, and that might not even matter. So, if you’ll excuse me, I need to go and start working on my
Plan C．..
8．Why did Zadie Smith want to have a Cafe Carlyle residency?
A．She was not satisfied with her writing career.
B．She was eager to take up a second career.
C．She was depressed by recording an album.
D．She was unable to reach the height of success.
9．What do you know about the author’s plan B?
A．She was a skilled photographer who graduated from an art school.
B．She gave up her chosen occupation because of lockdown.
C．She gained a sense of creative satisfaction instead of income.
D．She ran a photography business with the assistance of AI.
10．Why did the author mention the concepts of Fobo and Fomo in paragraph 4?
A．To explain why workers are eager to do plan
B．To introduce one of the disadvantages to do plan B．
C．To advocate the society’s acceptance of plan B．
D．To display the future of trend of the workforce.711．What’s the author’s “only sorrow” according to the last paragraph?
A．She will be replaced by robot photographer in the future.
B．She can’t spare time to do photography professionally.
C．She hates the dull and boring days in doing photography.
D．She lost something new to excite some enthusiasm for life.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。扎迪·史密斯的一条评论引发了作者对人生拥有职业B计划的思考，有优点也有
缺点，但作者从未后悔，反而，着手要开始自己的C计划了。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Here she is at the height of her success dreaming of a career Plan B just like the
rest of us! (在这里，她正处于事业成功的顶峰，梦想着职业B计划，就像我们其他人一样!)”可知，Zadie
Smith想有一个Cafe Carlyle residency的原因是想要B计划，即从事第二职业。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Like many people who dream of having a go at something different, I was
focusing on creative fulfilment rather than my future finances. (像许多梦想尝试不同事物的人一样，我关注的
是创造性的成就感，而不是我未来的财务状况)”可知，比起收入来说，作者从B计划中主要获得了“创造
性的成就感”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段段首“There is another reason that nurturing an alterative career might be risky.
(培养一个可替代的职业具有风险性还存在另一个原因)”可知第四段在描述有B计划的某一个弊端或风险，
所以第四段提及到“Fobo and Fomo”的原因是为了阐述“做B计划的一个缺点”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My only sorrow is something unexpected.For so many years. I had the fantasy
of trying something new. My “someday” ambition sustained me through dull and boring days. But now I’m actually
spending some of my week doing it, which has caused empty space in my life. (我唯一的悲伤是一些意想不到的
事情。这么多年了。我幻想着尝试新事物。“总有一天”的抱负支撑着我度过了枯燥乏味的日子。但现在
我确实花了一些时间来做这件事，这给我的生活带来了空白)”可知，作者认为唯一的悲伤是给自己的生活
带来了空白，即失去了一些新的东西来激发对生活的热情。故选D。
（2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州华侨中学校考期中）
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard
that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine
that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement
about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the SouthernSilk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-
century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a
sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were
simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging
ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us: some gave us
directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met
many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths
through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own
sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is
rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
2．How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan?
A．Amused. B．Surprised. C．Confused. D．Puzzled.
3．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?
A．He was a western journalist. B．He had a knowledge of China.
C．He came to China several times. D．He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
4．What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?
A．They honored the ancestors. B．They set off in high spirits.
C．They satisfied the locals’ curiosity. D．They built bonds with people.
5．What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text?
A．To share and reflect on a journey. B．To suggest a new way of travel.
C．To advocate protection of biodiversity. D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
【答案】2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双
脚环游地球的Paul Salopek，决定陪保罗去云南，描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the
entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual personin the world.(我不得不承认，当我第一次听说Paul Salopek要用自己的两只脚走完整个地球时，我惊呆了。
我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。)”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊，故选B。
73．推理判断题。根据第二段的“He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the
17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph
Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow
journalism.(他谈到了蜀盐渡道（南方丝绸之路）、17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行、茶马古道和20世纪
初美国植物学家约瑟夫·洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为他们中的许多人是英雄，在某种意义上是中国慢
新闻的先驱。)”可知， Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and
watching us: some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of
their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.(我
们在路上遇到了很多人。有些人很好奇，围在我们周围看着我们；有些人给我们指路;有些人邀请我们到他
们家里休息；一些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。我们遇到了许多美丽的灵魂，简单的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我
们在用我们的意念行走。)”可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a
realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving
with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other,
and sharing each other’s cultures.(回顾和保罗一起走过的200多英里，我有了一个认识。走路本身，虽然健
康和令人钦佩，只是一小部分的好处与我们的脚移动。更深层的回报是重新发现我们周围的世界，缩短彼
此之间的距离，分享彼此的文化。)”并结合文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，
遇到了要用双脚环游地球的Paul Salopek，决定陪保罗去云南，描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟可推知，文
章的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。 故选A。
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
It was something rather irregular at an otherwise regular board of appeals meeting in Maine. A resident wanted
a permission for not observing the no-chicken rule. But this wasn’t just any resident. It was C-Jay Martin, 25, who
is blind and has epilepsy (癫痫) and autism. Chickens are what brought C-Jay joy despite his challenges. “Having
something to share with other people was important to him,” said his mother, Amy Martin.
But Bangor is not OK with chickens. In fact, city rules clearly prohibit residents from keeping “fowl, goats,
sheep, cattle or swine of any kind” and the municipal government urges the residents to obey the rules strictly. So,
would the staid New England city of 31,000 make an exception for C-Jay and his emotional support hens?It was with high hopes that Martin headed to the otherwise ordinary municipal meeting earlier this month. She
told the appeals board she got the chickens in April after researching the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits
discrimination in housing by landlords or municipalities, and finding it might allow her son an accommodation.
She was joined by neighbors and community members who showed up to support C-Jay and his chickens. One
noted C-Jay regularly assumes the responsibility of feeding the chickens, despite his disabilities. Another said their
cooing and soft noises are clearly a comfort to C-Jay. Others said Martin and C-Jay keep the chickens’ area in their
yard very clean.
But there were some complaints. Some raised concerns about whether the presence of the chickens could
attract rodents (齿类动物), and didn’t want an exception for C-Jay to open the door for others to keep banned
animals.
City officials, seeming to side with C-Jay and his flock, assured attendees that no increased rodent activity
would not be tolerated and any livestock permission would only apply to C-Jay Martin at his house.
In the end, it reached a consensus: the appeals board ruled that C-Jay had a need for the chickens. He would be
allowed to keep them, although limits on the number were set, and noisy roosters prohibited.
Martin said her son is relieved and that his beloved chickens will stay. “When he’s sitting outside listening to
an audiobook, or just hanging out in the backyard with the sun shining, he always knows where they are because he
can hear them,” she said. “He’s never really alone.”
76．What was something “irregular” happening at a board of appeals meeting in Maine?
A．Residents there were prohibited from raising animals of some animals at home.
B．A special resident there wanted to keep chickens despite a no-chicken rule.
C．Physically disadvantaged groups there were under huge discrimination.
D．Disabled children didn’t want to share their animals with other people.
77．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “staid” in paragraph 2?
A．United. B．Civilized. C．Rigid. D．Remote.
78．Which of the following is correct concerning C-Jay and his flock?
A．It is legal to raise the flocks in the whole community.
B．C-Jay with disabilities was unable to care for the chickens
C．C-Jay obtained emotional support from his own flocks.
D．Banned animals are more likely to be tended in Maine.
79．Which section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
A．Healthcare. B．Society. C．Amusement. D．Politics.【答案】76．B 77．C 78．C 79．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了在缅因州的上诉委员会会议上发生了的“不正常”的事情：
那里的一位特殊居民不遵守禁止养鸡的规定，想要养鸡。文章讲述了事情的前因后果，以及事件的最终处
理结果是允许这位居民养鸡。
76．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was something rather irregular at an otherwise regular board of appeals
meeting in Maine. A resident wanted a permission for not observing the no-chicken rule.(在缅因州举行的上诉委
员会会议上，这是一件相当不寻常的事情。一位居民想要获得不遵守禁止养鸡规定的许可)”可知，在缅因
州的上诉委员会会议上发生了的“不正常”的事情是那里的一位特殊居民不遵守禁止养鸡的规定，想要养
鸡。故选B。
77．词句猜测题。根据第二段“In fact, city rules clearly prohibit residents from keeping “fowl, goats, sheep,
cattle or swine of any kind” and the municipal government urges the residents to obey the rules strictly.(事实上，
城市规定明确禁止居民饲养“任何种类的家禽、山羊、绵羊、牛或猪”，市政府敦促居民严格遵守规定)”
可知，上文提到城市规定明确禁止居民饲养“任何种类的家禽、山羊、绵羊、牛或猪”，市政府敦促居民
严格遵守规定，说明新英格兰城市的城市相当古板，所以作者提出疑问：那么，这座拥有3.1万人口的古
板的新英格兰城市会为C-Jay和他的情感支持母鸡破例吗？故划线词意思是“古板的”。故选C。
78．细节理解题。根据最后一段““When he’s sitting outside listening to an audiobook, or just hanging out in
the backyard with the sun shining, he always knows where they are because he can hear them,” she said. “He’s
never really alone.”(“当他坐在外面听有声读物时，或者只是在阳光照耀下在后院闲逛时，他总是知道它们
在哪里，因为他能听到它们，”她说。“他从来都不是一个人。”)”可知，C选项“C-Jay从自己的鸡群中
获得了情感上的支持”正确。故选C。
79．推理判断题。根据第一段“It was something rather irregular at an otherwise regular board of appeals
meeting in Maine. A resident wanted a permission for not observing the no-chicken rule. But this wasn’t just any
resident. It was C-Jay Martin, 25, who is blind and has epilepsy (癫痫) and autism. Chickens are what brought C-
Jay joy despite his challenges.(在缅因州举行的上诉委员会会议上，这是一件相当不寻常的事情。一位居民想
要获得不遵守禁止养鸡规定的许可。但这并不是普通的居民。这是25岁的C-Jay Martin，他双目失明，患
有癫痫和自闭症。尽管面临挑战，但鸡给C-Jay带来了快乐)”结合文章主要说明了在缅因州的上诉委员会
会议上发生了的“不正常”的事情：那里的一位特殊居民不遵守禁止养鸡的规定，想要养鸡。文章讲述了
事情的前因后果，以及事件的最终处理结果是允许这位居民养鸡。可推知，这篇文章可能取自报纸的“社
会”版面。故选B。
（2023上·江苏苏州·高三苏州中学校考期中）Is there anything Sponges (海绵) can’t do? For thousands of years, humans have used dried natural sponges to
clean up, to paint and as containers to consume liquids like water or honey. And, as scientists around the world are
beginning to show, sponges’ cavity-filled (空腔填充) forms mean they could provide a solution to one of our era’s
biggest problems: microplastic pollution.
In August, researchers in China published a study describing their development of a man-made sponge that
makes short work of microscopic plastic debris (碎片). In tests, the researchers show that when a specially prepared
plastic-filled solution is pushed through one of their sponges, the sponge can remove both microplastics and even
smaller nanoplastics from the liquid. These particles typically become trapped in the sponge’s many openings.
Though the sponges’ effectiveness varied in experiments, in part depending on the concentration of plastic and the
acidity and saltiness of the liquid, the best conditions allowed the researchers to remove as much as 90 percent of
the microplastics. They tried it in everything from tap water and seawater to — why not — soup from a local
takeout spot.
According to Guoging Wang, a materials chemist at Ocean University of China and co-author on the paper, the
sponge formula is adjustable. By adjusting the temperature when the two compounds are mixed, he says, the
sponges can be made more or less porous (渗透). This affects the size of particles collected — highly porous
sponges have lots of very small pores, which is good for catching very tiny particles. The sponges, if ever produced
at an industrial scale, Wang says, could be used in wastewater treatment plants to remove microplastics out of the
water or in food production facilities to depollute water.
There are hiccups to the sponge’s potential adoption, though What’s still lacking, says AliceHorton at the
United Kingdom’s National Oceanography Center, is proof that any of these newer sponge-based technologies can
be cost effective and successful in removing microplastics from water at a large scale. But one thing she is
confident about is that efforts to remove microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably
doomed to fail.
“I don’t think there is anything we can do on a large enough scale that will have any impact,” she says of that.
“We have to stop it getting there in the first place.”
80．Why does the author mention multiple applications of sponges in paragraph 1?
A．To introduce sponges’ newfound function.
B．To highlight that sponges can do anything.
C．To prove that sponges boast a long history.
D．To demonstrate sponges’ cavity-filled forms.81．What can we learn about the man-made sponge?
A．Its effectiveness is uniform in experiments.
B．Its formula is fixed in controlling its openings.
C．It has been produced at an industrial scale.
D．It can effectively remove microscopic plastic debris.
82．What does the underlined word “hiccup” probably mean?
A．Opportunity. B．Prospect. C．Problem. D．Failure.
83．What does Alice Horton imply in the last paragraph?
A．All things are difficult before they are easy. B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．Prevention is better than cure. D．Better late than never.
【答案】80．A 81．D 82．C 83．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。海绵的空腔填充形式意味着它们可以为我们这个时代最大的问题之一微塑料污
染提供解决方案，文章对此进行了详细介绍。
80．推理判断题。根据第一段的“ And, as scientists around the world are beginning to show, sponges’ cavity-
filled (空腔填充) forms mean they could provide a solution to one of our era’s biggest problems: microplastic
pollution.(而且，正如世界各地的科学家们开始展示的那样，海绵的空腔填充形式意味着它们可以为我们这
个时代最大的问题之一——微塑料污染——提供解决方案)”推知，作者在第一段提到海绵的多种用途是为
了引入介绍海绵的新功能。故选A。
81．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In August, researchers in China published a study describing their
development of a man-made sponge that makes short work of microscopic plastic debris (碎片).(今年8月，中国
的研究人员发表了一项研究，描述了他们开发的一种人造海绵，这种海绵可以快速清除微塑料碎片)”可知，
人造海绵可以有效地去除微塑料碎片。故选D。
82．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“though What’s still lacking, says AliceHorton at the United
Kingdom’s National Oceanography Center, is proof that any of these newer sponge-based technologies can be cost
effective and successful in removing microplastics from water at a large scale(不过，英国国家海洋学中心的艾丽
丝·霍顿说，目前还缺乏证据证明这些新的海绵技术在大规模去除水中的微塑料方面是经济有效而且成功
的)”可知，此处是指海绵的潜在应用也存在一些问题，所以hiccups意为“问题”。故选C。
83．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“But one thing she is confident about is that efforts to remove
microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably doomed to fail.(但有一件事她很有信心，那
就是在微塑料已经进入海洋之后，清除它们的努力可能注定要失败。)”和最后一段最后一句“We have tostop it getting there in the first place.(我们必须从一开始就阻止它到达那里。)”可知，艾丽丝·霍顿的意思是与
其等塑料进入海洋之后再清除还不如从一开始就阻止塑料进入海洋。因此C项“预防胜于治疗”可以表达
Alice的意思。故选C。
（2023上·河南·高三校联考）
Elephants eat plants. That’s common knowledge to biologists and animal-loving, schoolchildren alike. Yet
figuring out exactly what kind of plants they eat is more complicated.
A new study from a global team that included Brown University conservation biologists used innovative
methods to efficiently and precisely analyze the dietary habits of elephants in Kenya. Their findings on the habits of
individual elephants help answer important questions about group food searching behaviors, and aid biologists in
understanding the conservation approaches that best keep elephants not only sated (饱的) but satisfied.
“When I talk to non-ecologists, they are surprised to learn that we have never really had a clear picture of what
all of these large animals actually eat in nature,” Kartzinel, an expert botanist who has conducted field research in
Kenya, said. “The reason is that these animals are difficult and dangerous to observe from up-close, they move long
distances, they feed at night and in thick bush and a lot of the plants they feed on are quite small.”
Then the team compared the diets of individual elephants through time. In their analysis, they showed that
dietary differences among individuals were often far greater than what had been previously assumed, even among
family members that ate together on a given day.
This study helps address a classic paradox (悖论) in wildlife ecology. Kartzinel said: “How do social bonds
hold family groups together in a world of limited resources?” In other words, given that elephants all seemingly eat
the same plants, it's not obvious why competition for food doesn't push them apart and force them to search for
food independently.
“The simple answer is that elephants vary their diets based not only on what’s available but also their
preferences and physiological needs,” said Kartzinel. These findings help inform theories of why a group of
elephants may search for food together: The individual elephants don't always eat exactly the same plants at the
same time, so there will usually be enough plants to go around.
These findings may offer valuable insights for conservation biologists. To protect elephants and create
environments in which they can successfully grow their populations, they need a variety of plants to eat.
44．What did the new study focus on?
A．The results of conservation approaches. B．The eating habits of elephants.
C．Ways to protect elephants from starving.D．Elephants’ social behavior and needs.45．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．Elephants are hard to monitor. B．Elephants only live in thick bush.
C．Elephants are kind and friendly animals.D．Elephants seldom eat with humans around.
46．What message can conservation biologists get from the study?
A．It is necessary for elephants to live together.
B．It is possible to observe elephants up-close.
C．It is social bonds that hold elephants together.
D．It is important to protect the variety of plants.
47．Which word can be used to describe the study?
A．Inaccurate. B．Shocking. C．Beneficial. D．Subjective.
【答案】44．B 45．A 46．D 47．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究大象饮食习惯的科学研究，研究表明大象不仅根据
可用的食物，而且根据它们的偏好和生理需求来改变它们的饮食。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A new study from a global team that included Brown University conservation
biologists used innovative methods to efficiently and precisely analyze the dietary habits of elephants in Kenya.(包
括布朗大学保护生物学家在内的一个全球团队进行了一项新的研究，他们使用创新的方法高效、精确地分
析了肯尼亚大象的饮食习惯)”可知，这项新的研究集中在大象的饮食习惯上。故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason is that these animals are difficult and dangerous to observe from
up-close, they move long distances, they feed at night and in thick bush and a lot of the plants they feed on are quite
small.(原因是近距离观察这些动物既困难又危险，它们移动距离很远，在夜间和茂密的灌木丛中觅食，而
且它们吃的很多植物都很小)”可知，监测大象的行为生活等是存在困难的。故选A。
46．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““The simple answer is that elephants vary their diets based not only
on what’s available but also their preferences and physiological needs,” said Kartzinel.(“简单的答案是，大象不
仅根据可用的食物，而且根据它们的偏好和生理需求来改变它们的饮食，”Kartzinel说)”及最后一段
“These findings may offer valuable insights for conservation biologists. To protect elephants and create
environments in which they can successfully grow their populations, they need a variety of plants to eat. (这些发现
可能为保护生物学家提供有价值的见解。为了保护大象，并为它们创造能够成功繁殖的环境，它们需要各
种各样的植物来吃)”可推知，保护生物学家从中得到的一个信息就是“保护植物的多样性是重要的”。故
选D。
47．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Their findings on the habits of individual elephants help answer importantquestions about group food searching behaviors, and aid biologists in understanding the conservation approaches
that best keep elephants not only sated (饱的) but satisfied.(他们对大象个体习性的研究有助于回答有关群体觅
食行为的重要问题，并帮助生物学家了解保护大象的方法，这些方法不仅能让大象吃饱，还能让大象满
意)”及最后一段“These findings may offer valuable insights for conservation biologists. To protect elephants and
create environments in which they can successfully grow their populations, they need a variety of plants to eat. (这
些发现可能为保护生物学家提供有价值的见解。为了保护大象，并为它们创造能够成功繁殖的环境，它们
需要各种各样的植物来吃)”可推知，这项研究结果是有价值的，能够帮助生态学家更好地对大象进行保护。
故选C。
（2023上·广东广州·高三统考）
To observe your mind in automatic mode, glance at the image below.
Your experience as you look at the woman’s face combines what we normally call seeing and direct thinking.
As surely and quickly as you saw the young woman’s face, you knew this angry woman is about to say some
unkind words, probably in a loud and harsh voice. What she was going to do next came to mind automatically and
effortlessly. It was an instance of fast thinking.
Now look at the following problem:
17×24
You know immediately that this is a multiplication problem, and probably knew that you could solve it, with
paper and pencil. You would quickly recognize that both 12,609 and 123 are not possible. Without spending some
time on the problem, however, you would not be certain that the answer is not 568. If you do the computation, you
experienced a slow thinking process: conscious, effortful, and orderly.
The computation was not only an event in your mind; your body was also involved. Your muscles tensed up,
your blood pressure rose, and your heart rate increased. While you tackled this problem, your pupils would bewider and larger than usual. They came back to normal size as soon as you ended your work.
Psychologists have been interested for several decades in the two modes of thinking. They have offered many
labels for them. I adopt terms originally proposed by the psychologists Keith and Richard, and will refer to two
systems in the mind.
·System 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control.
·System 2 gives attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it. The operations of System 2 often
require attention and are disrupted when attention is drawn away.
The labels of System 1 and System 2 are widely used in psychology, but I go further than most in this book,
which you can read as a psychodrama with two characters. You will be invited to think of the two systems as agents
with their individual abilities, limitations, and functions.
48．Why does the author use a picture at the beginning?
A．To compare slow and fast thinking.
B．To stimulate the readers’ fast thinking.
C．To illustrate the features of fast thinking.
D．To emphasize the impact of fast thinking.
49．How would your body react when doing calculations?
A．Your heart would beat slower.
B．Your pupils would be enlarged.
C．Your mind would be refreshed.
D．Your muscles would be built up.
50．What does the underlined word “them” refer to?
A．The psychologists.
B．The thinking minds.
C．The terms in the book.
D．The two thinking systems.
51．Which of the following is an example of System 1?
A．Get the answer to 2+2=?
B．Understand a complex sentence.
C．Tell others your teachers’email account.
D．Look for a woman with white hair in a crowd.
【答案】48．B 49．B 50．D 51．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是两种不同的思维模式。
48．推理判断题。根据首段“To observe your mind in automatic mode, glance at the image below.(为了观察你
在自动模式下的思维，看一下下面的图片)”可知，为了观察在自动模式下的思维，作者提供了一幅图片让
读者观察，结合第二段中的“Your experience as you look at the woman’s face combines what we normally call
seeing and direct thinking.(当你看女人的脸时，你的体验结合了我们通常所说的“看见”和“直接思考”)”
和“It was an instance of fast thinking.(这是快速思考的一个例子)”可知，在你看一下图片后，大脑就会直接
思考。由此推知，作者提供这幅图让读者观察，是为了激发读者的快速思维。故选B 项。
49．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“While you tackled this problem, your pupils would be wider and larger than
usual. (当你解决这个问题时，你的瞳孔会比平时更宽更大)”可知，在解决这个问题的时候，瞳孔会比平时
要宽要大。由此可知，在计算时，你的瞳孔会变大。故选B项。
50．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Psychologists have been interested for several decades in the two modes of
thinking.(几十年来，心理学家一直对这两种思维模式感兴趣)”可知，心理学家一直对这两种思维模式感兴
趣，them指代的是上文中的the two modes of thinking。由此可知，them应指代的是“两种思维模式”。故
选D项。
51．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“System 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no
sense of voluntary control.(系统1自动快速运行，很少或根本不需要努力，也没有自主控制的感觉)”可知，
系统1的特点是快速运行，不费力，也没有自主控制的感觉，而得到2+2=？的答案不需要努力，而且可以
快速得到答案。由此推知，A选项是系统1的例子。故选A项。
【2023 ▪新高考I卷】
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causingchemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated
sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】4. C5. D6. B7. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用
自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
4.细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could
be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的
树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会
变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After
studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大
学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有
害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
5.细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”
以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感
到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净
水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
6.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse
— like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine
to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个
类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部
城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you
let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。
然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at
four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles ofsoft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil
testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,
students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【答案】4. D5. C6. A7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，
环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
4.细节理解题。根据第一段 “的And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban
Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位
老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
5.推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects
are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try
something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开
始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园
艺工作。故选C。
6.推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so
interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the
garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional
control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划 的好处不仅仅是营养。
有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对 Jaramillo的特
殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成
功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情
绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
7.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban
Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在
四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和
健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养
学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响
深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。
【2023 ▪全国甲卷】
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She
says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout
the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around £ 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth
wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furmishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女
性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,
she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自
己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近
画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
25.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From
the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded
with £ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks
and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工
作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故
选B。
26.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to
avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任
何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。
故选A。
27.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在
是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
【2023 ▪全国乙卷】
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the
countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
24.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to
go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍
照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
25.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though
they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回
顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得
更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
26.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing
the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔
鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
27.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though
they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回
顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得
更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a moresustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others
comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who
are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision.
25. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A. He disapproved of it. B. He was favorable to it.
C. He was tolerant of it. D. He didn’t care about it.
26. What can we infer about the author?
A. She is quite good at cooking. B. She respects others’ privacy.
C. She enjoys being a housewife. D. She is a determined person.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【答案】24. B25. A26. D27. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
24.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备
好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if
you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个
过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改
变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入
这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事
情)意思接近。故选B。
25.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and
my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，
我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推
知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was
within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your
household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make
the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可
推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不
是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though,
which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-
always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭
中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费
的生活方式。故选C。
【2023▪浙江1月卷】
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including NoaOvadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28. B29. C30. B31. A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called
Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，
在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列
前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。
故选B。
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences
from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors
no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提
取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问
会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错
误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
30.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is
central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer
works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does
not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond 所指的是意义的问
题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串
符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是
无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
31.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation,
interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our
heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社
会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于
我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们
能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
【2023 ▪新高考I卷】On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come
to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some
cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,
they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same
errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that
people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The
key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a
discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was
significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大
量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
12.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors
aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these
errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar
and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the
wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become
correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯
错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均
在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错
误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们
的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各
不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除
而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates
be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key
finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a
discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was
significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，
当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人
们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，
准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a
better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those mostconfident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大
学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对
自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试
图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论
过程。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions
remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研
究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas
领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas
的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然
对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座
大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与
最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban
areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual
to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕
见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written
summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网
上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，
将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，
再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began
to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to
visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提
交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，
以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然
语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选
D。
14.推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps
people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the
experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in
the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking
along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参
与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在
周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居
家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满
意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他
感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以
知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature
interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact
with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动
带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
【2023 ▪全国乙卷】
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of
meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-
than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and
whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative.
C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
31. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习
惯。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and
chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国
食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此
无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物
平平无奇。故选A项。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons
are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking
habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，
而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think
about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对
烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影
响力。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than
they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人
表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可
知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer
“uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不
酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选 B
项。
2022年记叙文
【2022年北京卷】
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that
faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, whichobviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation
not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a
pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-
on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that
this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and
more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth
for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to
completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 )
this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so
many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every
opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our
action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
24.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect atwhatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根
源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美
导致了焦虑。故选C项。
25.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my
high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a
difference in the world. (一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让
我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“
Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups
were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part
of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收
到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为
了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是Grant Brown让作者开始为从事保护自然
地活动中。故选A项。
26.【解析】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a
growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my
confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都
让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。
27.【解析】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do
anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情
的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a
growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my
confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都
让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我
们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch
was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in aschool in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale
skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the
students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would
pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately,
between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind
forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much
like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-
speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to
converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in
Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be
fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse
population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This
work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the
streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?
A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn.
C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different.
2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
.
A An Italian teacher. B. A government official.
C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate.
3. How did the summer job benefit the author?
A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true.
【答案】l.D 2.C 3.C
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界
的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三四句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my
kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged fromthose kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. (几年后，当我站在布鲁
克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了。我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝眼睛大的，
也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知，当作者去了在Brooklyn的一所学校之后，发现学校里的人不一样。
故选D。
2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government
agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过
去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐
的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in
a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午
餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，
工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are
impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer
confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙
的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，
我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
【2022年天津卷第二次】
I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall nd good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number
of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes
from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my
struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled
when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around
me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin
sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-
confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public
speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus
when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was inNovember! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.”
Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that
such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea
suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the
famous talkshow host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my
color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-
love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do
is learn to appreciate it.
41. What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway!
A. Her appearance
B. Social discrimɪnation.
C. Her changing emotions.
D. The climate in Norway.
42. What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3?
A. Her lack of self-confidence.
B. Her loss of interest in school.
C. Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D. Her desire for chances to improve herself.
43. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and ne girl on the bus?
A. Blessed and proud.
B. Confused and afraid.
C. Amazed and relieved.
D. Shocked and ashamed.
44. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill?
A. Great minds speak alike.
B. Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C. Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D. Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses.
45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage?A. Pride comes before a fall.
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
.
D Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
【答案】41. A 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得
自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中第二段“Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate
lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the
weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”(与我周围所有有着金色头发和精
致嘴唇的白人女孩相比，我，一个黑人女孩，有着卷曲的头发和饱满的红唇。无论天气如何，我的鼻子上
经常有一层薄薄的汗水。我只想把自己埋在壳里哭着“我太不一样了！”)”可知，作者的外表与其他的孩
子不同，这使得作者不容易适应学校的生活。故选A项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering(口吃),
which had weakened my self-confidence.(导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。)”可
知，作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。故选A项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。文中第四段提到“To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in
November!(令我惊讶的是，她的鼻子上也有薄薄的汗水，而且是在十一月！)”可知，作者见到小女孩儿感
到很惊讶，根据句子中““Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s
perfectly normal.”(“哇，”我低声对自己说，“这毕竟不是遗传疾病。这很正常。”)”可知，作者此刻感到
很放松。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I
shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.(我大大地松了一口气，然后一个想法突然出
现在我脑海中——如果我聪明，我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。)”可知,作者意识到口吃不应该是
自己成功的障碍。故选B项。
【45题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love,
and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.(只是为了解释
他获得自尊来自大量的自爱，而要获得它，一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我挣扎开始
的地方。)”可知，本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊，首先要自爱。故选D项。
2021年记叙文
【2021年全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，
没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能
很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重
要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友
大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his
head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你
好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板
的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑
板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找
到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。【2020年浙江卷1月】I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.
Calloway our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was
on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change
your clothes. I was willing；I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books
for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she
wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day
you`d taken it out；it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You
could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing
them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was
extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing
something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red
Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer– in
character –"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.
21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?
A. diet. B. Strict. C. Humorous. D. Considerate.
22. What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?
A. Desire to read. B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.
C. Interest in games. D. Fear of the library rules.
23. Where is the text probably from?
A. guidebook. B. an autobiography. C. a news report. D. book review.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习
惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中 I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.
Calloway our librarian. （我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理员卡洛维夫人）以及SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent
you straight back home to change your clothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着“肃静”。如果她
认为你穿得不合适，她会直接让你回家换衣服）可知Mrs. Calloway很严格。故选B。
【22题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.（现在，
我觉得她在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者的母亲渴望读书和作
者是一样的。故划线短语意思为“渴望读书”。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，
而作者的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选B。
2022年阅读理解说明文
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to
look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It willreally help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness
and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康
状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in
to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels
great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来
外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项
目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第
一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义
相近。故选C。【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
的
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目 想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director
of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our
residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高
兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反
响很好。故选A。
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads,
behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the
size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally
have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really
do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and
without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,
remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
4. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A. It has achieved notable success. B. It is led by number of schools.
C. It began in Europe in the 1970s. D. It will spread to the countryside.5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?
A. To promote eco-tourism. B. To improve forestry research.
C. To popularise gardening. D. To get people close to nature.
6. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A. They are small in size. B. They are thickly planted.
C. They are foreign species. D. They are heavily fertilised.
【答案】4. A 5.D 6.B
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took
off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France,
Belgium and the Netherlands.(随着他继续与他人分享他的概念，这个想法很快在印度和其他国家流行起来，
最终传到了欧洲，在法国、比利时和荷兰等地流行起来。)”可知，“小森林”运动取得了显著的成功。故
选A。
5.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的““We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that
easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”(哈
特利说:“我们关注的是城市地区，在那里接触自然往往不那么容易。我们认为这是一个尝试打破人与自
然之间日益疏远的机会。”)”可知，Hartley在英国领导的这个项目的目的是让人们接近自然，故选D。
6.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the
trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料).(在一个小森林里，必须有至少
600棵树，树木种植得更紧密，没有化学品或化肥。)”可知，“小森林”里的树的特别之处在于它们种得
很密。故选B。
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but
research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues whochat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when
people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【答案】7. D 8.B 9.C 10.A
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发
现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
7.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to
success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是
成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of
Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who
practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提
出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，
Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
8.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room
meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不
屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即
被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，
由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
9.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads
to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。
)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
10.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on
the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，
尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，
所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】 The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the
lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy,
electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in
the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.*' writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world*'. Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else."
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in NewYork City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
4. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A. It is closely linked to the steam age.
B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history.
D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
5. What can be inferred about Ned?
A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6. What is the text?
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
【答案】4. A 5.D 6.B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段 “It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric
revolutions."（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在 Klein看来，电力时
代 和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 “To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the
progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. ’’（为了 编织
他 的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned,它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的
见 证。）矛卩第四段 “Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a
basic necessity.（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所
以他 应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the
progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It’s a
technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个
角色，一 个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于
将长篇故事 变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads,
behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the
size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally
have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really
do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went
on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching
Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban
areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing
disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and
without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种).
This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they
attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding,
remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those
living locally.
4. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A. It has achieved notable success. B. It is led by number of schools.
C. It began in Europe in the 1970s. D. It will spread to the countryside.
5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?
A. To promote eco-tourism. B. To improve forestry research.
C. To popularise gardening. D. To get people close to nature.
6. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?A. They are small in size. B. They are thickly planted.
C. They are foreign species. D. They are heavily fertilised.
【答案】4. A 5.D 6.B
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took
off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France,
Belgium and the Netherlands.(随着他继续与他人分享他的概念，这个想法很快在印度和其他国家流行起来，
最终传到了欧洲，在法国、比利时和荷兰等地流行起来。)”可知，“小森林”运动取得了显著的成功。故
选A。
5.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的““We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that
easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”(哈
特利说:“我们关注的是城市地区，在那里接触自然往往不那么容易。我们认为这是一个尝试打破人与自然
之间日益疏远的机会。”)”可知，Hartley在英国领导的这个项目的目的是让人们接近自然，故选D。
6.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the
trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料).(在一个小森林里，必须有至少
600棵树，树木种植得更紧密，没有化学品或化肥。)”可知，“小森林”里的树的特别之处在于它们种得
很密。故选B。
【2022年天津卷第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible fo human cognition(认知)? What about
our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists
who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for
thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal
measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing
sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around
them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even
unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when
they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve
centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe
this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer,processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one ex-periment, test subjects(实验对象) were
asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their
fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’
fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were
included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and
sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in
difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across
languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day,a
warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any
interpersonal decisions.
46. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________.
A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
47. Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from?
A. Their personal looks.
B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emotions.
D. Their physical feelings.
48. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________.
A. environment impacts how we judge others
B. how body temperature is related to health
C. the mind and the body influence each other
D. how humans interact with their surroundings
49. What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5?
A. Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B. Human senses have effects on thinking.C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
50. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D. To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC.
【答案】46. D 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家的一项 EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，
我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-
solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC 理论表明，
我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知，EC
理论认为我们身体就像大脑一样塑造我们的认知，因此推断 EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的
真理。故选D项。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just
hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the
real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with
being loved.(他们没有如同需要那么多的情感——他们不会感到悲伤，他们只是饿，需要食物。即使是未出
生的婴儿也能感觉到母亲的心跳，这具有镇静作用。在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，
他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来。)”可知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。文章首句“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction.(进一步的研究支持了思想
与身体的相互作用。)”接下来列举了两个实验“In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge
people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived
warmth rather than coolness. (在一项实验中，测试对象被要求在递给热饮或冷饮后判断人。当他们的指尖感
知到温暖而不是凉爽时，他们都做出了温暖的评价。)”表明，身体会影响到思想，以及“And it works theother way too;in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or
“rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.(相反，也是如此；在另一项研究
中，受试者的指尖温度是在被“纳入”或“拒绝”小组任务后测量的。那些被纳入在内的人感到身体温
暖。)”表明身体会受到思想的影响，因此推断实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。故选C项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的主题句“For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we
use without even thinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法）。)”以及下文
的陈述“A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very
strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock.(一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被称
为心软的人，而在困难的情况下非常坚强和冷静的人通常被描述为坚如磐石。)”说明人们使用身体触感比
喻人可推断，作者通过陈述比喻手法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。故选B项。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it?(既然
您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列举的两种现实生活中的情况“If you’re
having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up
before making any interpersonal decisions.(如果你今天过得很糟糕，一杯温暖的茶会给你带来一瞬间的快乐。
如果你知道自己身体很冷，在做出任何人际关系决定之前先热身。)”可知，理论知识已经知道，且在现实
生活中有一定的运用价值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选C项。
2021年阅读理解说明文
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional
(情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a
person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability,
optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,
but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonablysupport, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these
qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故
选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a
doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利
用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不
一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是
利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、
迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选
A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and
scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives
from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更
大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推
知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
【2021年全国乙卷】You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes
enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von
Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
.
31 Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作
品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload
of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提
高人们的环保意识。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von
Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真 有的什么区别吗？艺
术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使
观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视
与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest
source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to
drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von
Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the
straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，
但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利
用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才
能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了
展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:
Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von
Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look
like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一
个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组
志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，
这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料
污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。
【31题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么
区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕
塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong
wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For
this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of
plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a
truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每
60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王
(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤
醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，
适合作为标题。故选D项。
2020年阅读理解说明文
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the
relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and
transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest
Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is
almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is
Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is
Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
C. Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作
者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之
处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现
在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可
以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable
Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而
必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断
出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
27. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌
而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your
holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to
bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at
least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平
衡表示了担忧。
28. 推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the
nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新
奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监
Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以
判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担
忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30. 词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria
collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年
的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这
是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不
再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,
both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary toexisting research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the
beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the
size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志
最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮
食行为的。故选D。
13. 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier
people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人
一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画
线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相
反。故选D。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据
倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比
平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看
看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit
because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的
结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我
们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
【2020年北京卷】Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight
against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her
monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However,
since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution
levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A gency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English
youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at
the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government
in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down
and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very
interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let
her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog,
and we are all really proud of her."
34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.
A. take pollutant readings B. record pollutant levels
C. process collected data D. reduce air pollution
35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?
A. High places are free of air pollution.
B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.
D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
36. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A. To warn of a health risk. B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor. D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A. Modest. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Outgoing.
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. A 37. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调
婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy 可以…。根据文章第二段Baggy wears a
pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Baggy在她的衣领上戴着
污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。
故答案为B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段 Her monitor
has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that
babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污
染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更
高。故答案为D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tom has since reported the
shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma
（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是
对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tom built up a
passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小
装置）.About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went
out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the
pollution？'So we did it."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品
(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他
说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知Tom是非常的有
创造力的。故答案为C项。
【2020年浙江卷1月】Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free – by
spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called "America's Dairyland," is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion poundsof cheese last year! a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive.
So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters' freezing point, causing ice to melt(融
化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option. Many people
suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless,
right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million
tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and
eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut
its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too – a shell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it," Emil Norby told
Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with the
idea of using cheese brine. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?
A. It is soft. B. It contains salt. C. It is warm. D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads?
A. Improving air quality. B. Increasing sales of rock salt.
C. Reducing water pollution. D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_______________.
A. barking up the wrong tree B. putting the cart before the horse
C. robbing Peter to pay Paul D. killing two birds with one stone
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了威斯康辛州的密尔沃基市正在试验一种新的路面防冻方法——在路面上涂上
奶酪盐水。文章说明了这种新方法的好处是，相比于常用的岩盐，奶酪盐水既可以帮助道路不结冰，同时
又很省钱环保。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water'sfreezing point.（奶酪盐水中含有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点）可知因为奶酪盐水含有盐，所
以能帮助冬季道路不结冰。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away soil. By
spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use
by 30 percent.（在那里它可以污染饮用水，伤害植物，侵蚀土壤。通过在街道上撒上奶酪盐水，然后再撒
上一层岩盐，密尔沃基或许可以将岩盐的使用量减少 30%）可知岩盐会污染饮用水，而在道路上使用奶酪
盐水可以减少水污染。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's
freezing point.（奶酪盐水中含有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点）以及第四段第一句In addition to
saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option.（除了省钱，奶酪盐水也是一个更
环保的选择）可知相比于常用的岩盐，奶酪盐水既可以帮助道路不结冰，同时又很省钱环保，可知密尔沃
基市的街道除冰新方法是一个“一石二鸟”的成功例子。故选D。
2022年阅读理解议论文
【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be
useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely
try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A
good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not onlyenjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right
knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A. Making us simple-minded B. Making us short-signted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road. D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A. Through maintaining good health.
B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.
D. Through offering help much needed by others.
53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A. less selfish B. less annoying
C. more motivated D. more responsible
54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind to the reality.
55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge
.
【答案】51 B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生
而有益。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is
sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导
致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我
们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in
return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因
为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do,
but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，
而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，
做事越有动力。故选C项。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危
险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的
结局。故选A项。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing
good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱
和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
2021年阅读理解议论文
【2021年全国甲卷】Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for
admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a
different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那
些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡
献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置
的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start
to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这
个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩
容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to
see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才
的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一
段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple
geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、
毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一
方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
【2021年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian
homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely onlyon their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必
需品的观点。【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15
who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，
很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手
机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的
澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really
necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent
keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从
未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥
有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的
非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50
years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be
honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一
打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas
street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛
奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明
了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
【2021年北京卷】Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time
was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies
depending on where you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein
right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question
you're asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time
to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We'reincreasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we
need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，
conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum
that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental
changes．We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If
the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll
see the opposite effect．
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of
observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us
to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will
live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a
major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time
to natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting
dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to
their survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage
environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable
qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as
praiseworthy as its purpose．
.
31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach
33. What can we learn from this passage？A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34. What can we infer from this passage？
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We should live in harmony with nature．
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality．
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the
answer depends on the question you're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，
因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，
第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with
engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我
们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要
调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些
会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to
ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？(如果我们不考
虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏
呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow
at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If
they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect．（如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速
度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选
C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with
engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我
们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要
调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．
Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness(时
间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能
会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选
C。
【2021年天津卷第一次】About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It
worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning.
Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst
into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the
months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The
uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons
on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a
glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed
loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful
attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to
make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace itwith a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.
Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after
everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is
tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we
begin.
40．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.
C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
41．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.
C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
42．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
43．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
44．What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens.D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作
者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把
过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and
children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二
天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤
蜕了下来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my
daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glasswere everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
(就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它
掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉
布丁)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play
baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off
his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer
served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to
live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past
behind.( Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的
决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，
就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都
变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter
how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，
都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者在文章中提到The
Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
43．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had
to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the
past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像
我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意
识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of
change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly
new.(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就
改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it
ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是
以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论
发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选C。
【2021年天津卷第一次】There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less
and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing
levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also
weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and
realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled
to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold
back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into
specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who
can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor
Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by
the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese
philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad,
general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A．narrow his range of knowledge
B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society
D．broaden his perspective on life
52．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A．treasure their freedom
B．travel around the worldC．spend most time working
D．enjoy meeting funny people
53．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy
D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
54．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D．Ways to Become a Generalist
【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
51．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or
research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专
家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越
多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩
小他的知识范围。故选A。
52．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.
…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继
日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间
在工作上。故选C。
53．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one
who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一
位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将
其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。54．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions
in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you
discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的
一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的
例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese
history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn
more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历
史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推
断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选
D。
55．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a
specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being
specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常
对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of
subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从
整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a
Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
2020年阅读理解议论文
【2020年北京卷】Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法)
carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our
smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more
perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been
designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…
that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest
that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by
many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people. D. Set up powerful databases.
,
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
【42题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on
our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one
language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我
们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，
划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present
everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all
available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并
利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用
人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助
解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.
In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent
machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从人工智能
的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台
“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为Irving
Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapproving(不
赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe
there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智
能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）
或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。
【2020年江苏卷】I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical
researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the
customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village
without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a littlemisunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer.
I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same
language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match
ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a
moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe
(敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s
world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and
found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s
village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that
way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part,
an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of
insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know
and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they
appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system
discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The
second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just
species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for
these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of
scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the
same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of
exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the
stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that
insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, whensomething new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A. He learned more about the local language.
B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing.
D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A. The question was too straightforward.
B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer.
D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A. To sort out what we have known.
B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B. They followed other scientists closely.
C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Possible and the Impossible .
B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作
者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的
过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65. 推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more oftenthan not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，
不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚
马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots.
We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，
彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，
在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。
故选B项。
68. 推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and
on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system
discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集
报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽
屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽
屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of
exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集
中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致
的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与
当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程
中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为
“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
2022年阅读理解新闻报道
【2022年全国乙卷】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room
schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead,
Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the
subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
.
C They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-roomschoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond
Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和
Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy,
rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森
一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In
spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条
件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed
drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在
令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令
人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of
the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。
大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，
并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
2020年阅读理解新闻报道
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in
Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted
to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是
Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to
write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到
乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别
克斯坦。故选B。
9. 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根
据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but
also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms,
diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友
善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，
他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一
个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在
旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的
书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文
的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party.
The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000
people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the
bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest
load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the
bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to
engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about
disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the
sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context
in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality
materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with
seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion
of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them."Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A. It carried more weight than it could.
B. It swayed violently in a strong wind
C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles
D. Its access was blocked by many people.
.
9. Which of the following is Dr Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A. No design is well received everywhere
B. Construction is more important than design.
C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
10. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead to progress. B. Success results in overconfidence
C. Failure should be avoided. D. Success comes from joint efforts.
11. What is the text?
A. A news report B. A short story.
C. A book review D. A research article.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】这是一篇书评。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可
能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was
closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show
up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge,
engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it
had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个
50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达
80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求
承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的
重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person
who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to
consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is
constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted
elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all
anymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这
本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是
用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次
又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，
不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此
可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book
that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：
理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这
本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before,
but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways
young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新
的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is
failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评
论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
